CN110729525A - Method for obtaining air speed of cooling channel of air-cooled battery thermal management system - Google Patents

Method for obtaining air speed of cooling channel of air-cooled battery thermal management system Download PDF

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CN110729525A
CN110729525A CN201911023811.2A CN201911023811A CN110729525A CN 110729525 A CN110729525 A CN 110729525A CN 201911023811 A CN201911023811 A CN 201911023811A CN 110729525 A CN110729525 A CN 110729525A
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channel
ith
flow
air
cooling channel
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武国良
李罡
李国强
祖光鑫
尚博宇
吕超
宋彦孔
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Harbin Institute of Technology
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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Harbin Institute of Technology
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

A method for obtaining the air speed of a cooling runner of an air-cooled battery thermal management system relates to the field of lithium ion battery heat dissipation. The method aims to solve the problems that the traditional method for obtaining the wind speed distribution in the battery thermal management system is complex and the efficiency of obtaining the wind speed distribution is low. The method and the device establish a flow resistance network model of the air-cooled lithium ion battery thermal management system to realize rapid calculation of the cooling air flow rate in each flow channel. It is used to obtain the wind speed of the cooling channel.

Description

Method for obtaining air speed of cooling channel of air-cooled battery thermal management system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for obtaining the air speed of a cooling flow channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system. Belonging to the field of lithium ion battery heat dissipation.
Background
At present, energy is in short supply and the environment is increasingly worsened, and the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high average output voltage, high charging and discharging efficiency, environmental friendliness and the like, so that the lithium ion battery has wide attention in different application occasions.
The lithium ion battery has outstanding safety and service life problems caused by heat generation in the practical application process. On one hand, in the charging and discharging process, the heat inside the battery is accumulated continuously, the temperature rises continuously, and if the temperature is not controlled, the thermal runaway of the lithium battery can be caused, and even the dangers of gas expansion, leakage, even explosion and the like can occur. On the other hand, the aging speed of the lithium ion battery is affected by temperature, when the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack is not uniform, the battery cells gradually have performance difference, and according to the short plate principle, the service life of the battery pack is finally shortened. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and design the thermal management system of the lithium ion battery.
The air forced convection cooling heat dissipation mode has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, and is widely applied to a battery thermal management system. Finite element simulation analysis methods can effectively obtain airflow distribution when designing air-cooled Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS). Typically, BTMS structural parameter optimization requires adjustments in the optimization process, and hundreds or thousands of finite element simulation calculations should be performed to explore the thermal performance of each structural parameter. The traditional finite element simulation analysis method is not suitable due to low calculation efficiency, and the wind speed distribution calculation of the BTMS needs to be simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problems that the traditional method for obtaining the wind speed distribution in the battery thermal management system is complex and the efficiency of obtaining the wind speed distribution is low. A method for obtaining the air speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system is now provided.
A method for obtaining the cooling channel wind speed of an air-cooled battery thermal management system comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively arranging an air outlet guide plate and an air inlet guide plate at the top and the bottom of a lithium ion battery array in a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system, wherein the included angle between the air outlet guide plate and the top surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta2The included angle between the air inlet guide plate and the bottom surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta1A confluence channel is formed between the top of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air outlet guide plate, a shunting channel is formed between the bottom of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air inlet guide plate, and two cooling channels are arranged on two sides of each row of lithium ion batteries;
step two, the pressure intensity sum is obtained by the forced summation of the gas pressures in the converging channel at the top of each row of lithium ion batteries, the shunting channel at the bottom and the cooling channels at two sides, and a flow resistance network model is obtained by utilizing an air flow conservation equation, wherein the air flow conservation equation comprises the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated shunting channel and the cooling channel and the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated converging channel and the cooling channel;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, theta2Obtaining the cross section area of each shunting channel according to the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; according to the cross section area, the diameter of each branch channel and the flow ratio of two adjacent branch channels are obtained;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries and the theta1Obtaining the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel; from the cross-sectional area, obtaining each of the converging channelsThe diameter and the flow ratio of two adjacent confluence channels;
obtaining the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array and the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; obtaining the diameter of each cooling channel according to the cross section area;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each diversion channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each diversion channel;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each confluence channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel;
and step three, obtaining the wind speed of each cooling channel according to the flow resistance network model, the diameter of each flow dividing channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent flow dividing channels, the diameter of each converging channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent converging channels, the diameter of each cooling channel, the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each flow dividing channel and the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each converging channel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method and the device establish a flow resistance network model of the air-cooled lithium ion battery thermal management system to realize rapid calculation of the flow velocity of cooling air in each channel. When the shape of the air-cooled BTMS is fixed, the flow velocity of each part of air can be obtained through a flow resistance network model. The method not only ensures higher calculation precision, but also greatly improves the calculation speed of the channel wind speed, and lays a foundation for the structure optimization design of the air-cooled BTMS.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a plurality of lithium ion battery cells disposed within a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional block diagram of a plurality of lithium ion battery cells disposed within a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow resistance network model;
FIG. 4(a) is a graph comparing wind speeds in the cooling channels respectively obtained by using a flow resistance network model and finite element simulation software when the wind speed at the air inlet is 3m/s, and FIG. 4(b) is a graph comparing wind speeds in the cooling channels respectively obtained by using a flow resistance network model and finite element simulation software when the wind speed at the air inlet is 5 m/s;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph of an error of the wind speed in the cooling channel obtained by using a flow resistance network model and finite element simulation software when the wind speed at the air inlet is 3m/s, and FIG. 5(b) is a graph of an error of the wind speed in the cooling channel obtained by using a flow resistance network model and finite element simulation software when the wind speed at the air inlet is 5 m/s;
FIG. 6(a) is a graph comparing wind speeds in the cooling channels obtained by using a flow resistance network model and an experiment when the wind speed at the air inlet is 3m/s, and FIG. 6(b) is a graph comparing wind speeds in the cooling channels obtained by using a flow resistance network model and an experiment when the wind speed at the air inlet is 5 m/s;
fig. 7(a) is an error curve diagram of the wind speed in the cooling channel obtained by adopting a flow resistance network model and an experiment respectively when the wind speed of the air inlet is 3m/s, and fig. 7(b) is an error curve diagram of the wind speed in the cooling channel obtained by adopting the flow resistance network model and the experiment respectively when the wind speed of the air inlet is 5 m/s.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3, the method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system in the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, respectively arranging an air outlet guide plate and an air inlet guide plate at the top and the bottom of a lithium ion battery array in a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system, wherein the included angle between the air outlet guide plate and the top surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta2The included angle between the air inlet guide plate and the bottom surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta1A confluence channel is formed between the top of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air outlet guide plate, a shunting channel is formed between the bottom of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air inlet guide plate, and two cooling channels are arranged on two sides of each row of lithium ion batteries;
step two, the pressure intensity sum is obtained by the forced summation of the gas pressures in the converging channel at the top of each row of lithium ion batteries, the shunting channel at the bottom and the cooling channels at two sides, and a flow resistance network model is obtained by utilizing an air flow conservation equation, wherein the air flow conservation equation comprises the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated shunting channel and the cooling channel and the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated converging channel and the cooling channel;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, theta2Obtaining the cross section area of each shunting channel according to the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; according to the cross section area, the diameter of each branch channel and the flow ratio of two adjacent branch channels are obtained;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries and the theta1Obtaining the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel; according to the cross section area, the diameter of each confluence channel and the flow ratio of two adjacent confluence channels are obtained;
obtaining the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array and the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; obtaining the diameter of each cooling channel according to the cross section area;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each diversion channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each diversion channel;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each confluence channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel;
and step three, obtaining the wind speed of each cooling channel according to the flow resistance network model, the diameter of each flow dividing channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent flow dividing channels, the diameter of each converging channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent converging channels, the diameter of each cooling channel, the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each flow dividing channel and the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each converging channel.
In this embodiment, the present application takes an nxm square aluminum case power lithium ion battery pack and a Z-shaped slot battery thermal management system thereof as an example, as shown in fig. 1. The lithium ion battery pack is placed in a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system,
air flows into the cooling system from the air inlet and enters the cooling channel through a diversion chamber (DP). The heat of the battery unit is taken away by the air in the Cooling Channel (CC for short), and then the air is collected in the collecting chamber (CP for short) and flows out from the air outlet.
Considering that the lithium ion battery thermal management system formed by the Z-shaped groove has uniform air speed of the air inlet and uniform roughness of the inner wall of the Z-shaped groove under ideal conditions, the single pole of each battery of the battery pack can be ignored, and the three-dimensional air-cooled BTMS can be equivalent to a two-dimensional air-cooled BTMS as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a model of a flow resistance network, wherein each of the boxed areas represents the pressure differential across the part due to air flow, referred to as flow resistance. This phenomenon is mainly due to the energy transfer of the air between its kinetic and static pressure when the speed of the air flow changes, and to the energy losses, including irreversible losses due to friction between the air and the rough channel walls and local energy losses due to air distribution and convergence in certain specific locations. According to a relevant fluid mechanics theory, the wind speed is far less than the sound speed in the actual working process of the lithium ion battery pack, so that air is considered as incompressible Newtonian fluid, and for the continuous flow process, a formula 1 and a formula 2 are obtained according to a Bernoulli equation.
The lithium ion battery array comprises a plurality of monomers which are arranged in a rectangular array. The spacing between two adjacent columns of cells may be equal or unequal.
The second embodiment is as follows: in this embodiment, the method for calculating the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to the first embodiment is further described, and in the second embodiment, the specific process of obtaining the pressure sum is as follows:
obtaining the pressure P of the ith flow dividing channel according to the Bernoulli equationDP,iAnd pressure P of the ith confluence passageCP,iRespectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002248056550000051
in the formula, PDP,1Is the pressure of the 1 st flow-dividing channel, pairIs the density of air, vDP,iThe wind speed of the ith flow splitting channel is 1 to n, n is the column number of the lithium ion batteries, and delta Ploss,DP,kIs the total pressure difference of the kth flow dividing channel, PCP,1PCP,iIs the pressure, v, of the 1 st confluence passageCP,iWind speed, v, for the ith collecting channelCP,1Wind speed, Δ P, for the 1 st converging channelloss,CP,kThe total pressure difference of the kth confluence channel is obtained;
wind flows to the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel from the ith-1 splitting channel in sequence, and the pressure relationship among the ith-1 splitting channel, the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel is as follows:
in the formula,. DELTA.Ploss,CC,iIs the total pressure difference of the ith cooling channel, vDP,i-1Wind speed, v, for the i-1 st diversion passageDP,0The wind speed of an air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is adopted;
obtaining the pressure sum formed by the gas pressures in the top converging channel, the bottom converging channel and the cooling channels at two sides of each column of lithium ion batteries according to the formulas 1 to 3:
ΔPloss,DP,i+ΔPloss,CC,i+1-ΔPloss,CP,i-ΔPloss,CC,ias 0 the formula 4, the formula (i) is,
in the formula,. DELTA.Ploss,DP,iIs the total pressure difference, delta P, of the ith flow-dividing channelloss,CC,i+1Is the total pressure difference, Δ P, of the i +1 th cooling channelloss,CP,iIs the total pressure difference of the ith confluence channel.
In this embodiment, equation 4 is the main control equation forming the flow resistance network model, similar to the kirchoff voltage law in an electrical circuit. As can be seen from equation 4, the sum of the static pressure differences of each closed loop in fig. 3 is zero.
The third concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, a method for calculating a wind speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system according to a second embodiment is further described, in this embodiment, a total pressure difference Δ P of an ith bypass channelloss,DP,iTotal pressure difference delta P of ith cooling channelloss,CC,iAnd total pressure difference delta P of ith confluence channelloss,CP,iEach being a local pressure difference Δ P of the respective passagelocalAnd an on-way pressure difference Δ PfrictionComposition, the formula is:
ΔPloss＝ΔPlocal+ΔPfrictionin the case of the formula 5,
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002248056550000061
Figure BDA0002248056550000063
Figure BDA0002248056550000064
Figure BDA0002248056550000065
λDP,iis the dimensionless friction constant, λ, of the ith flow-dividing channelCP,iIs as followsDimensionless friction constant, λ, of i converging channelsCC,iIs the dimensionless friction constant, l, of the ith cooling channelDP,iIs the length of the ith flow-splitting channel, lCP,iLength of ith collecting channel, lCC,iIs the length of the ith cooling channel, DDP,iThe cross sectional area of the ith flow distribution channel is equivalent to the diameter of the circular flow distribution channel after the area of the circular flow distribution channel, DCP,iThe diameter of the circular confluence passage after the cross-sectional area of the ith confluence passage is equivalent to the area of the circular confluence passage, DCC,iThe diameter, zeta, of the circular cooling channel after the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel is equivalent to the area of the circular cooling channelDP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient, zeta, of the ith flow-splitting channel and the (i-1) th flow-splitting channelCP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient, ζ, of the ith collecting channel and the (i-1) th collecting channelDP,0→CC,1Is the local pressure difference coefficient between the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system and the 1 st cooling channel, zetaDP,i-1→CC,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient between the i-1 th flow dividing channel and the i-th cooling channel, zetaCC,i→CP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient between the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel, vDP,i-1Wind speed, v, for the i-1 st diversion passageDP,0Is the wind speed v of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management systemCP,iWind speed, v, for the ith collecting channelDP,iWind speed, v, for the ith diversion channelCC,iThe wind speed of the ith cooling channel.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, a method for calculating a wind speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system according to a third embodiment is further described, where in this embodiment, a local differential pressure coefficient ζ of an ith flow dividing channel and an i-1 th flow dividing channelDP,iExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000071
in the formula, pDP,iThe flow ratio of the ith flow dividing channel to the (i-1) th flow dividing channel is obtained;
the (i-1) th shuntLocal pressure difference coefficient between channel and ith cooling channelDP,i-1→CC,iExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000072
in the formula, pDP,i-1→CC,iIs the ratio of the flow of the i-1 th cooling channel to the flow of the i-th branch channel, psiDP,i-1→CC,iIs the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the i-1 th flow dividing channel and the i-th cooling channel, pDP,0→CC,1Is the ratio of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system to the flow of the 1 st shunting channel, psiDP,0→CC,1The ratio of the cross sectional area of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system to the cross sectional area of the 1 st cooling channel is obtained;
local pressure difference coefficient zeta of the ith collecting channel and the (i-1) th collecting channelCP,iExpressed as:
ζCP,i＝1-p2 CP,iin the case of the formula 8,
in the formula, pCP,iThe flow ratio of the ith confluence channel to the (i-1) th confluence channel is obtained;
local pressure difference coefficient zeta between the ith cooling channel and the ith collecting channelCC,i→CP,iExpressed as:
ζCC,i→CP,i＝p2 CC,i→CP,iψ2 CC,i→CP,i-2p2 CC,i→CP,i-1. the formula 9,
in the formula, p2 CC,i→CP,iIs the ratio of the flow rates of the ith cooling channel and the ith collecting channel, psiCC,i→CP,iIs the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ith converging channel to the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: in this embodiment, a method for calculating a wind speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system according to a third embodiment is further describedDP,iDimensionless friction constant lambda of ith flow-joining channelCP,iAnd the dimensionless friction constant λ of the ith cooling channelCC,iAre all expressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000073
in the formula, ReIs the local Reynolds number, Reρ DU/μ, D is the diameter of each channel, μ is the kinetic viscosity of air, and F is the shape correction factor.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in this embodiment, according to formula 11, the air flow conservation equation in the cooling channel and the flow dividing channel that are communicated with each other is obtained as follows:
vDP,iADP,i＝vDP,i+1ADP,i+1+vCC,i+1ACC,i+1in the formula 11, the first and second groups,
in the formula, Q0＝vDP,1ADP,1，Q0Is the flow rate of air at the air inlet ADP,iIs the cross-sectional area of the ith flow-dividing channel, ADP,i+1Is the cross-sectional area of the (i +1) th flow dividing channel, vCC,i+1Wind speed, v, for the i +1 th cooling channelDP,i+1The wind speed of the (i +1) th diversion channel,
according to the formula 12, the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated converging channel and cooling channel is obtained as follows:
vCP,iACP,i＝vCP,i-1ACP,i-1+vCC,iACC,iin the formula 12, the process is described,
in the formula, ACP,iIs the cross-sectional area of the ith collecting channel, ACP,i-1Is the cross-sectional area of the i-1 st confluence passage, ACC,iIs the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel, ACP,i-1Is the cross-sectional area of the i-1 st cooling channel, vCP,0＝0，ACP,0＝0。
In the present embodiment, the flow rate of air is conserved at each of the air split point and the collection point, considering that the cooled air is incompressible. Thus, equation 11 and equation 12 can be obtained.
Equations 4-12 provide 3 × (N +1) independent equations. Therefore, when the shape of the parallel air-cooled BTMS is fixed, the flow velocity of each part of air can be obtained through a flow resistance network model. The magnitude of the local pressure difference coefficient ξ depends on the local geometry and flow conditions.
The seventh embodiment: in this embodiment, the method for calculating the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to the first embodiment is further describedxExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000081
in the formula, N is the column number of the lithium ion battery, lxFor each lithium ion cell length in each column of lithium ion cells, diThe distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries is defined;
total width W of total length of lithium ion battery arrayyExpressed as:
Wy＝M×ly+(M+1)×dyin the case of the formula 14,
wherein M is the number of the lithium ion battery monomers in each row of the lithium ion batteries, and lyWidth of each lithium ion battery cell, dyThe distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries.
In this embodiment, let l be the length, width and height of the lithium ion battery cellx、ly、lzThe number of the batteries which are transversely arranged is N, the number of the batteries which are longitudinally arranged is M, and the transverse intervals of the battery pack are d respectively1，d2，…，di，…，dN，dN+1The longitudinal distance of the battery pack is dyThe total length W of the lithium ion battery packxAnd a total width WyAre shown in equations 13 and 14, respectively.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in this embodiment, a wind speed calculation method for a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system according to a seventh embodiment is further described, in the second embodiment, a cross-sectional area obtaining process of each flow dividing channel is as follows:
angle theta between air inlet guide plate and bottom surface of Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system1Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000091
in the formula, w1Adjusting parameters for the angle of the air inlet guide plate;
substituting the formula 15 into the formula 16 to obtain the cross-sectional area A of the flow dividing channelDP,iComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002248056550000092
the cross-sectional area of each confluence passage is obtained by the following steps:
angle theta between air outlet guide plate and top surface of Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system2Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000093
in the formula, w2Adjusting parameters for the sink channel angle;
cross-sectional area A of the collecting channelCP,iExpressed as:
cross-sectional area A of the cooling passageCC,iExpressed as:
ACC,i＝Wy·diequation 19.
In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet are both provided with a deflector, and the angles of the deflectors of the air inlet and the air outlet are theta1And theta2The angle adjustment parameters of the air inlet guide plate and the air outlet guide plate are respectively w1And w2。
The specific implementation method nine: in this embodiment, a method for calculating a wind speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system according to an eighth embodiment is further describedDP,iThe equivalent is the area of the circular diversion channel and the diameter D of the equivalent circular diversion channelDP,iExpressed as:
cross-sectional area A of the ith flow-merging channelCP,iEquivalent to the area of the circular diversion channel and the diameter D of the equivalent circular diversion channelCP,iExpressed as:
cross-sectional area A of the ith cooling channelCC,iEquivalent to the area of the circular flow dividing channel and the diameter D of the equivalent circular flow dividing channelCC,iExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000103
the detailed implementation mode is ten: in this embodiment, a flow ratio p between each cooling channel and each shunting channel is obtained according to a cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and a cross-sectional area of each shunting channelDP,i-1→CC,i：
The ratio of the flow of the ith cooling channel to the flow of the (i-1) th branch channel is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000104
in the formula, pDP,i-1→CC,iThe flow ratio of the ith cooling channel to the (i-1) th flow dividing channel is obtained;
obtaining the flow ratio p of each cooling channel to each confluence channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each confluence channelCC,i→CP,i：
Figure BDA0002248056550000105
In the formula, pCC,i→CP,iThe flow ratio of the ith cooling channel to the ith confluence channel is shown;
flow ratio p of ith flow dividing channel to ith-1 th flow dividing channelDP,iExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000111
wherein when i is 1, ADP,0The cross-sectional area of the air intake is shown.
Flow ratio p of ith confluence passage to (i-1) th confluence passageCP,iExpressed as:
Figure BDA0002248056550000112
and (3) experimental verification:
the method verifies the effectiveness and reliability of calculating the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled lithium ion battery thermal management system by adopting the flow resistance network model from two aspects of finite element simulation and experiment.
The air-cooled BTMS structure device is formed by a battery pack consisting of 8 x 3 square aluminum shell power lithium ion battery monomers, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 air-cooled BTMS structural device parameters
Figure BDA0002248056550000113
The relevant parameters of the square aluminum shell ternary (materials are nickel, cobalt and manganese) lithium ion battery monomer are shown in the table 3-2.
TABLE 2 Battery basic parameters
The flow field air material properties of the air-cooled battery thermal management system are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 air Material Properties
Figure BDA0002248056550000115
Figure BDA0002248056550000121
Verifying the accuracy of the flow resistance network model by using simulation software:
the accuracy and reliability of the established flow resistance network model are verified by establishing an emulation model of the air-cooled lithium ion battery thermal management system in COMSOL Multiphysics emulation software.
And (3) a geometric model of the battery pack is established by utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, wherein the influence of the single battery pole column and the welded seat on the finite element simulation calculation result is ignored.
Considering that the fluid part of the air-cooled lithium ion battery thermal management system established by the application is relatively complex, a structured grid division mode is adopted, free tetrahedral grid units are used, and the size of the refined grid units is selected. The single battery part adopts a mode of combining free triangular grids and sweeping, and the size of a conventional grid unit is selected. Mesh generation for lithium ion battery and fluid sections.
The air-cooled BTMS device is provided with a guide plate, and the angle adjustment parameters w of the guide plate at the air inlet and the air outlet1And w2Are all 10mm, the comparison is carried out under the condition that the arrangement interval of each lithium ion battery monomer is 20mm, and the wind speed v of the air inletinThe calculation of the wind speed in the cooling channel by the flow resistance network model and the finite element simulation software of 3m/s and 5m/s respectively is shown in a comparison graph of FIG. 4.
The error curve of the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation and flow resistance network model is shown in FIG. 5.
It can be seen from the figure that the calculation of the wind speed in the cooling channel by the flow resistance network model is more accurate within the tolerance range.
Verifying the accuracy of the flow resistance network model by using an experimental device:
and finally, verifying the accuracy of the flow resistance network model from the experimental point of view. The accuracy of the flow resistance network model is verified by an experimental device consisting of a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system, an air inlet device, an air speed tester, a single-phase fan speed regulator and a cooling channel air speed testing round hole.
The air-cooled BTMS is a Z-shaped groove, the battery pack adopts an 8X 3 arrangement mode and is 8 in series and 3 in parallel, and the battery pack is close to the wall surface as much as possible during wiring so as to reduce the influence of the battery pack on the air speed distribution of the air-cooled BTMS cooling channel. The cooling air of the air inlet is provided by a fan, the speed of the fan is controlled by a single-phase air speed regulator, and the air speed of the cooling channel is obtained by a heat-sensitive air speed tester.
The air-cooled BTMS device is provided with a guide plate, and the angle adjustment parameters w of the guide plate at the air inlet and the air outlet1And w2All are 10mm, and the air speed v of the air inlet is 20mm under the condition that the arrangement intervals of the lithium ion battery single bodies are 20mminThe results of the experiment and flow resistance network model at 3m/s and 5m/s, respectively, on the wind speed in the cooling channel are shown in FIG. 6.
The second set of experimental validation and flow resistance network models have error curves as shown in figure 7. As can be seen from the figure, the flow resistance network model is more accurate in calculating the wind speed in the cooling channel.
According to the method and the device, the fast calculation of the wind speed in the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system is realized by establishing a flow resistance network model. A fluid model of finite element simulation is established according to the device structure of the air-cooled BTMS and simulation analysis is carried out, the calculation time of single finite element simulation software is more than 3h, and the calculation time of a single flow resistance network model is within 1 s. And finally, an experimental device platform is set up, and the air-cooled BTMS cooling flow channel wind speed calculation method based on the flow resistance network model is verified to have high feasibility and accuracy.

Claims (10)

1. A method for obtaining the air speed of a cooling channel of an air-cooled battery thermal management system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, respectively arranging an air outlet guide plate and an air inlet guide plate at the top and the bottom of a lithium ion battery array in a Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system, wherein the included angle between the air outlet guide plate and the top surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta2The included angle between the air inlet guide plate and the bottom surface of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is theta1A confluence channel is formed between the top of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air outlet guide plate, a shunting channel is formed between the bottom of each row of lithium ion batteries and the air inlet guide plate, and two cooling channels are arranged on two sides of each row of lithium ion batteries;
summing the gas pressures in the confluence channel at the top of each row of lithium ion batteries, the shunting channel at the bottom of each row of lithium ion batteries and the cooling channels at two sides of each row of lithium ion batteries to obtain a pressure sum, and obtaining a flow resistance network model by using an air flow conservation equation, wherein the air flow conservation equation comprises an air flow conservation equation in the shunting channels and the cooling channels which are mutually communicated and an air flow conservation equation in the confluence channels and the cooling channels which are mutually communicated;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, theta2Obtaining the cross section area of each shunting channel according to the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; according to the cross section area, the diameter of each flow dividing channel and the flow ratio of two adjacent flow dividing channels are obtained;
according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array, the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries and the theta1Obtaining the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel; according to the cross section area, the diameter of each confluence channel and the flow ratio of two adjacent confluence channels are obtained;
obtaining the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel according to the total length and the total width of the lithium ion battery array and the distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries; obtaining the diameter of each cooling channel according to the cross section area;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each flow dividing channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each flow dividing channel;
obtaining the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each confluence channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each confluence channel;
and step three, obtaining the wind speed of each cooling channel according to the flow resistance network model, the diameter of each flow dividing channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent flow dividing channels, the diameter of each converging channel, the flow ratio of two adjacent converging channels, the diameter of each cooling channel, the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each flow dividing channel and the flow ratio of each cooling channel to each converging channel.
2. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the concrete process of obtaining the pressure sum is as follows:
obtaining the pressure P of the ith flow dividing channel according to the Bernoulli equationDP,iAnd pressure P of the ith confluence passageCP,iRespectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002248056540000021
Figure FDA0002248056540000022
in the formula, PDP,1Is the pressure of the 1 st flow-dividing channel, pairIs the density of air, vDP,iThe wind speed of the ith flow splitting channel is 1 to n, n is the column number of the lithium ion batteries, and delta Ploss,DP,kIs the total pressure difference of the kth flow dividing channel, PCP,1PCP,iPressure of the 1 st confluence passage，vCP,iWind speed, v, for the ith collecting channelCP,1Wind speed, Δ P, for the 1 st converging channelloss,CP,kThe total pressure difference of the kth confluence channel is obtained;
wind flows to the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel from the ith-1 splitting channel in sequence, and the pressure relationship among the ith-1 splitting channel, the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel is as follows:
Figure FDA0002248056540000023
in the formula,. DELTA.Ploss,CC,iIs the total pressure difference of the ith cooling channel, vDP,i-1Wind speed, v, for the i-1 st diversion passageDP,0The wind speed of an air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system is adopted;
obtaining the pressure sum formed by the gas pressures in the top converging channel, the bottom converging channel and the cooling channels at two sides of each column of lithium ion batteries according to the formulas 1 to 3:
ΔPloss,DP,i+ΔPloss,CC,i+1-ΔPloss,CP,i-ΔPloss,CC,ias 0 the formula 4, the formula (i) is,
in the formula,. DELTA.Ploss,DP,iIs the total pressure difference, delta P, of the ith flow-dividing channelloss,CC,i+1Is the total pressure difference, Δ P, of the i +1 th cooling channelloss,CP,iIs the total pressure difference of the ith confluence channel.
3. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein the total pressure difference Δ P of the ith shunting channelloss,DP,iTotal pressure difference delta P of ith cooling channelloss,CC,iAnd total pressure difference delta P of ith confluence channelloss,CP,iEach being a local pressure difference Δ P of the respective passagelocalAnd an on-way pressure difference Δ PfrictionComposition, the formula is:
ΔPloss＝ΔPlocal+ΔPfrictionin the case of the formula 5,
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002248056540000031
Figure FDA0002248056540000032
Figure FDA0002248056540000033
Figure FDA0002248056540000035
Figure FDA0002248056540000036
λDP,iis the dimensionless friction constant, λ, of the ith flow-dividing channelCP,iIs a dimensionless friction constant, λ, of the ith flow-joining channelCC,iIs the dimensionless friction constant, l, of the ith cooling channelDP,iIs the length of the ith flow-splitting channel, lCP,iLength of ith collecting channel, lCC,iIs the length of the ith cooling channel, DDP,iThe diameter D of the circular diversion channel after the cross-sectional area of the ith diversion channel is equivalent to the area of the circular diversion channelCP,iThe diameter of the circular confluence passage after the cross-sectional area of the ith confluence passage is equivalent to the area of the circular confluence passage, DCC,iThe diameter, zeta, of the circular cooling channel after the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel is equivalent to the area of the circular cooling channelDP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient, zeta, of the ith flow-splitting channel and the (i-1) th flow-splitting channelCP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient, ζ, of the ith collecting channel and the (i-1) th collecting channelDP,0→CC,1Is the local pressure difference coefficient between the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system and the 1 st cooling channel, zetaDP,i-1→CC,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient, zeta, between the i-1 th flow dividing channel and the i-th cooling channelCC,i→CP,iIs the local pressure difference coefficient between the ith cooling channel and the ith confluence channel, vDP,i-1Wind speed, v, for the i-1 st diversion passageDP,0Is the wind speed v of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management systemCP,iWind speed, v, for the ith collecting channelDP,iWind speed, v, for the ith diversion channelCC,iThe wind speed of the ith cooling channel.
4. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the local pressure difference coefficient ζ of the ith flow dividing channel and the (i-1) th flow dividing channelDP,iExpressed as:
in the formula, pDP,iThe flow ratio of the ith flow dividing channel to the (i-1) th flow dividing channel is obtained;
local pressure difference coefficient zeta between the i-1 th flow dividing channel and the i-th cooling channelDP,i-1→CC,iExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000042
in the formula, pDP,i-1→CC,iIs the ratio of the flow of the i-1 th cooling channel to the flow of the i-th branch channel, psiDP,i-1→CC,iIs the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the i-1 th flow dividing channel and the i-th cooling channel, pDP,0→CC,1Is the ratio of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system to the flow of the 1 st shunting channel, psiDP,0→CC,1The ratio of the cross sectional area of the air inlet of the Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system to the cross sectional area of the 1 st cooling channel is obtained;
local pressure difference coefficient zeta of the ith collecting channel and the (i-1) th collecting channelCP,iExpressed as:
ζCP,i＝1-p2 CP,iin the case of the formula 8,
in the formula, pCP,iThe flow ratio of the ith confluence channel to the (i-1) th confluence channel is obtained;
local pressure difference coefficient zeta between the ith cooling channel and the ith collecting channelCC,i→CP,iExpressed as:
ζCC,i→CP,i＝p2 CC,i→CP,iψ2 CC,i→CP,i-2p2 CC,i→CP,i-1. the formula 9,
in the formula, p2 CC,i→CP,iIs the ratio of the flow rates of the ith cooling channel and the ith collecting channel, psiCC,i→CP,iIs the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ith converging channel to the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel.
5. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the dimensionless friction constant λ of the ith shunting channelDP,iDimensionless friction constant lambda of ith flow-joining channelCP,iAnd the dimensionless friction constant λ of the ith cooling channelCC,iAre all expressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000043
in the formula, ReIs the local Reynolds number, Reρ DU/μ, D is the diameter of each channel, μ is the kinetic viscosity of air, and F is the shape correction factor.
6. The method for obtaining the air speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein according to the formula 11, the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated flow dividing channel and the cooling channel is obtained as follows:
vDP,iADP,i＝vDP,i+1ADP,i+1+vCC,i+1ACC,i+1in the formula 11, the first and second groups,
in the formula, Q0＝vDP,1ADP,1，Q0Is the flow rate of air at the air inlet ADP,iIs the ith split flowCross-sectional area of the passage, ADP,i+1Is the cross-sectional area of the (i +1) th flow dividing channel, vCC,i+1Wind speed, v, for the i +1 th cooling channelDP,i+1The wind speed of the (i +1) th diversion channel,
according to the formula 12, the air flow conservation equation in the mutually communicated converging channel and cooling channel is obtained as follows:
vCP,iACP,i＝vCP,i-1ACP,i-1+vCC,iACC,iin the formula 12, the process is described,
in the formula, ACP,iIs the cross-sectional area of the ith collecting channel, ACP,i-1Is the cross-sectional area of the i-1 st confluence passage, ACC,iIs the cross-sectional area of the ith cooling channel, ACP,i-1Is the cross-sectional area of the i-1 st cooling channel, vCP,0＝0，ACP,0＝0。
7. The method for obtaining the cooling channel wind speed of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the total length W of the lithium ion battery array in the third stepxExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000051
in the formula, N is the column number of the lithium ion battery, lxFor each lithium ion cell length in each column of lithium ion cells, diThe distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries is defined;
total width W of total length of lithium ion battery arrayyExpressed as:
Wy＝M×ly+(M+1)×dyin the case of the formula 14,
wherein M is the number of the lithium ion battery monomers in each row of the lithium ion batteries, and lyWidth of each lithium ion battery cell, dyThe distance between two adjacent rows of lithium ion batteries.
8. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein in the second step, the process for obtaining the cross-sectional area of each flow dividing channel comprises the following steps:
angle theta between air inlet guide plate and bottom surface of Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system1Expressed as:
in the formula, w1Adjusting parameters for the angle of the air inlet guide plate;
substituting the formula 15 into the formula 16 to obtain the cross-sectional area A of the flow dividing channelDP,iComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002248056540000061
the cross-sectional area of each confluence passage is obtained by the following steps:
angle theta between air outlet guide plate and top surface of Z-shaped air-cooled battery thermal management system2Expressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000062
in the formula, w2Adjusting parameters for the sink channel angle;
cross-sectional area A of the collecting channelCP,iExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000063
cross-sectional area A of the cooling passageCC,iExpressed as:
ACC,i＝Wy·diequation 19.
9. The method for obtaining the wind speed of the cooling channel of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein the cross-sectional area A of the ith flow dividing channel is determinedDP,iEquivalent to the area of the circular diversion channel, equivalent circular diversionDiameter D of the channelDP,iExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000064
cross-sectional area A of the ith flow-merging channelCP,iEquivalent to the area of the circular diversion channel and the diameter D of the equivalent circular diversion channelCP,iExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000065
cross-sectional area A of the ith cooling channelCC,iEquivalent to the area of the circular diversion channel and the diameter D of the equivalent circular diversion channelCC,iExpressed as:
10. the method for obtaining the cooling channel wind speed of the air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 9, wherein the flow ratio p of each cooling channel to each shunting channel is obtained according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each shunting channelDP,i-1→CC,i：
The ratio of the flow of the ith cooling channel to the flow of the (i-1) th branch channel is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000071
in the formula, pDP,i-1→CC,iThe flow ratio of the ith cooling channel to the (i-1) th flow dividing channel is obtained;
obtaining the flow ratio p of each cooling channel to each confluence channel according to the cross-sectional area of each cooling channel and the cross-sectional area of each confluence channelCC,i→CP,i：
Figure FDA0002248056540000072
In the formula, pCC,i→CP,iThe flow ratio of the ith cooling channel to the ith confluence channel is shown;
flow ratio p of ith flow dividing channel to ith-1 th flow dividing channelDP,iExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002248056540000073
wherein when i is 1, ADP,0The cross-sectional area of the air intake is shown.
Flow ratio p of ith confluence passage to (i-1) th confluence passageCP,iExpressed as:
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