CN110725179A - A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and its operation and maintenance method - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection and treatment technology, the present invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method. The structure is arranged at the junction of the roadway and the sidewalk, or near the green belt of the road, to divert and purify the rainwater; it mainly includes: the main body of the tree well and the water collection pipeline; the main body of the tree well is composed of surrounding well walls, The bottom plate and the top plate are enclosed, the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth; the inside of the main body of the tree well is a filler layer for water purification, and the filler layer is covered layer, matrix layer, crushed layer from top to bottom. The stone layer and the pebble layer, the water collection pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, the water collection pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipe, and the upper opening of the overflow pipe extends out of the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is along the main body of the tree well or There is a water collecting port on one side, and a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir are arranged at the water collecting port.

Description

A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and its operation and maintenance method

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal rainwater collection, treatment and utilization, in particular to a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method thereof.

Background technique:

With the acceleration of urbanization, the scale and population of cities continue to expand, and the area of impervious areas within urban areas also expands rapidly. Usually, various impurities such as domestic garbage, construction waste, waste food and grease, petroleum substances, dust particles and atmospheric sediments remain in impervious areas such as urban pavements, squares and roofs. In rainy days, these impurities will enter the surface rainwater runoff due to rainfall erosion, and carry a large amount of pollutants, such as particulate matter, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, grease, heavy metals, etc. A large amount of rainwater, especially the initial rainwater with extremely high pollutant concentration, is often collected by the municipal rainwater pipe network and directly discharged into the natural water body without treatment. Relevant studies show that the current contribution rate of rainwater pollutants to urban water pollution exceeds 60%. Therefore, untreated and purified rainwater will seriously damage the urban water ecological environment, and has become one of the main reasons for urban water pollution and even black odor.

On the other hand, rainwater is also a precious resource, and the comprehensive utilization of urban rainwater is of great positive significance to society, economy and environment. Rainwater infiltration can properly raise the groundwater level and supplement groundwater, which is of great significance for cities with overexploitation of groundwater; comprehensive utilization of rainwater can reduce the runoff of urban streets and relieve the pressure of urban drainage; rainwater is used for industrial and agricultural water and domestic water. , to provide a new water supply source for the city and alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand.

In view of this, the collection, treatment and utilization of rainwater has become an important task for the current urban water environment protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. The purification and protection of rainwater quality is the premise of rainwater resource utilization.

In recent years, relying on the vigorous promotion of sponge city construction, urban rainwater collection, treatment technology and engineering have also been rapidly developed and implemented. The existing common rainwater treatment engineering forms mainly add a separate rainwater treatment unit or system to the rainwater collection system, and the commonly used rainwater treatment technologies mainly include physical and chemical methods, biological treatment methods and their combined technologies. These engineering technologies can effectively remove various pollutants in rainwater, purify the quality of rainwater, and create conditions for protecting the water ecological environment and improving the efficiency of rainwater utilization; however, there are also problems that require a substantial increase in the number of treatment structures or facilities, complex processes, and floor space. The disadvantages of large size, high construction and operation costs.

The existing urban pavement rainwater collection system is mainly composed of rainwater grate, rainwater well and rainwater pipe network. Among them, the rainwater grate is the starting end of the rainwater collection system, and it is the water collection port where the rainwater runoff enters the collection system. After the rainwater enters the rainwater grate, it first flows into the rainwater well through the rainwater branch pipe, and then enters the rainwater main pipe from the rainwater well, and is directly discharged or collected and processed. In addition, the rainwater grate is generally set horizontally at the edge of the road, which is easily blocked by debris, leaves and other debris, resulting in poor drainage during rainfall; at the same time, it is also easy to be damaged and lost, which poses a great safety hazard to pedestrians and vehicles.

Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection systems and treatment systems, it is urgent to develop new equipment and technologies with both rainwater collection and treatment functions. As well as the ecological tree well suitable for sponge city proposed by patent ZL201720142745.0, the device is provided with multi-layer fillers and water-absorbing components, which can absorb and degrade harmful substances in water and increase the drought resistance of tree wells; The main function is plant planting. It is only connected to the rainwater pipe through the branch pipe. It has no rainwater collection function, and the purification function is relatively simple. It cannot be used for the simultaneous collection and purification of rainwater, and it is necessary to further improve it.

Invention content:

In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection and treatment technology, the present invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure capable of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater. The structure has low renovation cost, is easy to maintain, and has both ecological and landscape benefits. A variety of functions.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an operation and maintenance method for a multifunctional rainwater tree well.

The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure, which is arranged at the junction of the roadway and the sidewalk, or near the green belt of the road, and is used for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater;

It mainly includes: a tree well main body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by surrounding well walls, a bottom plate, and a top plate, and the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth;

Inside the main body of the tree well is a packing layer for water purification. The packing layer is a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer in order from top to bottom. The water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, and the water collecting pipeline is also connected with The overflow pipe, the upper mouth of the overflow pipe protrudes from the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is provided with a water collecting port along the main body of the tree well or on one side, and the water collecting port is provided with a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir.

Further, the height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the tree well should be more than 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir.

Further, the covering layer is a fermented pine scale layer with a thickness of 2-4 cm. The covering layer has the functions of ventilation, heat preservation, moisture retention and further retention of debris, which can effectively protect the plant growth in the tree well and the function of the lower filling area. Fermented pine scales are lightweight, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to clean and replace.

Further, the substrate layer is the growth, attachment and fixation layer of plant roots. It can not only ensure the growth of crops, but also undertake the function of deep purification of rainwater. The matrix layer is made of three kinds of mixed fillers, granular carbon (activated carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand, with a thickness of 60-100cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2:2-4:5-8. The fillers are mixed in a certain proportion, which can not only ensure the growth of plants, but also improve the water permeability of the filler layer, and exert their respective water purification functions to achieve efficient purification of rainwater. The granular carbon in the matrix layer has a strong adsorption function, which can effectively remove and intercept dissolved pollutants (such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, etc.) and trace toxic and harmful pollutants (such as heavy metals) in rainwater; the soil in the matrix layer can be plants Growth provides the nutrients needed to maintain moisture levels in the substrate during periods of no rain. The quartz sand in the matrix layer can ensure that the matrix layer has a certain porosity, that is, it has high water permeability in the rainy period, good air permeability in the no rain period, and has the ability to filter and intercept the particle state and insolubility in rainwater. The water purification function of pollutants. In addition, the surface or interior of granular carbon, soil and quartz sand can provide a good place for the growth of microorganisms, so that the matrix layer has the function of biological purification simultaneously, which can realize the biological oxidation degradation of organic pollutants and the biological nitrification, denitrification and denitrification of ammonia nitrogen. remove. Plants growing in the substrate layer can also remove heavy metals and organic pollutants trapped in the substrate layer through the functions of plant absorption, degradation and extraction.

Further, the thickness of the sandstone layer is 10-15 cm; the gravel (or fine pebbles) with a diameter of 1-3 cm is laid;

Further, the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; the coarse pebble with a diameter of 5-10 cm is laid. The main function of the sandstone layer and the pebble layer is to support the matrix layer, and it is the collection place for the rainwater after purification.

Further, the water collection pipe includes a water collection main pipe and a water collection branch pipe. The main water collection pipe and the water collection branch pipe are arranged in the pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well. The water collection branch pipes are arranged evenly and horizontally, and the water collection fine holes are opened downward along the vertical 45° angle direction, and are connected with the water collection main pipe vertically in a tree-like manner, and are arranged symmetrically on the left and right.

Further, the water collecting port is in the shape of a bell mouth, so that the road water can be quickly collected in rainy days.

Further, the energy dissipation water distribution weir is in the shape of a strip, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port along the length direction of the water collection port. The cross section of the energy dissipation weir is rectangular in the lower part and arc in the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy-dissipating water distribution weir can form a small amount of water at the back of the catchment area, ensuring that the rainwater enters the tree well evenly along the length direction, reducing the flow rate of the rainwater entering the tree well, which can slow down the direct erosion of the filling and plants in the tree well by rainwater. It can also guarantee the filtering effect of the filter. At the same time, the energy dissipation weir is also the basis for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

Further, the filter basket is arranged in the water collecting port, and the shape fits with the inside of the water collecting port. The front of the filter basket is open and flush with the curb, and both sides can be bolted to the curb to prevent it from being loosened or lost by rain. The peripheral wall and rear of the filter basket are closed by a filter screen, which can effectively filter out the coarse debris and garbage in the rainwater, and trap them outside the tree well, which is convenient for daily cleaning and reduces the pollutant load and blockage of the tree well. The rear part of the filter basket is connected with the energy dissipating water distribution weir, and an oil absorption strip is arranged at the lower end of the inner part.

Further, the oil absorbing strip is arranged at the front of the energy-dissipating water distribution weir, and is made of polymer material with hydrophobic and lipophilic properties, which can not only efficiently remove the oil and grease components contained in rainwater, but also protect the filler in the tree well from oil pollution. and fail.

Further, the top plate of the main body of the tree well adopts a split roof structure with a hole in the center, which is convenient for opening the tree well during routine maintenance.

The overflow pipe is set vertically near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road surface; the upper part is connected to the anti-clogging filter head, which is more than 5cm above the top surface of the packing layer, but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipating water distribution weir; the lower part is connected to the water collection branch pipe .

A method for operation and maintenance of a multifunctional rainwater tree well, comprising the following steps:

First, during the operation of the multi-functional rainwater tree well, regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil absorption strip;

Second, open the tree well cover regularly and replace the cover.

The operation process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is as follows:

When rainfall occurs, the rainwater from the nearby roads will flow into the tree well water collection port, pass through the filter basket, and the flow rate will be reduced by the energy dissipating water distribution weir, and then evenly enter the tree well main body; the rainwater will pass through the covering layer from top to bottom in the tree well main body. , matrix layer, gravel layer and pebble layer; then collected by the water collection branch pipe in the pebble layer, into the water collection main pipe, and out of the rainwater tree well, discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network or into the rainwater collection and treatment system.

In the whole process of rainwater purification, firstly, the coarse impurities in the rainwater are mechanically intercepted and removed by the filter basket, and the grease and petroleum substances are simultaneously absorbed by the oil suction strip; after entering the tree well, the rainwater can pass through the filter basket. Smaller-sized solids Impurities are retained by the cover layer, and fine particles are retained by the matrix layer. Dissolved organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals and other pollutants in rainwater are first adsorbed and removed by granular carbon in the matrix layer; the organic matter that is subsequently adsorbed and retained can be further removed by microbial biological oxidation, plant absorption, etc., and ammonia nitrogen is absorbed by microorganisms. Biological denitrification is further removed, and heavy metals are further removed by plant absorption and extraction.

When a rainstorm occurs, the amount of rainwater entering the tree well exceeds the overflow capacity of the packing layer, and water accumulation occurs in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe, overflow occurs; the rainwater is directly discharged into and out of the overflow pipe Water pipelines can improve the drainage capacity of tree wells and avoid the generation of road surface water.

During the operation of the rainwater tree well, the function of the tree well can be restored and maintained through simple daily maintenance.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

According to the present invention, green belts such as tree wells and flower beds are generally arranged along the edges of urban roads. Considering that the rainwater grate on the existing road is changed into a new type of device with rainwater collection and treatment functions arranged in the green belt, it can better Solve the defects existing in the prior art.

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, ingenious design and powerful functions, and can effectively remove various impurities, particulate matter, insoluble suspended solids and soluble pollutants in rainwater while ensuring drainage in rainy days, and the water quality of the effluent is good;

The invention has low construction cost, small land occupation, can be reconstructed by using the existing roadside green belt, easy to operate and maintain, and has the function of landscape greening, and has great application prospects in the utilization of rainwater resources and the construction of sponge cities;

The invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well and an operation and maintenance method, which has the function of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater, and can overcome the defects in the function and safety of the existing road rainwater collection system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the top view of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention (also make the abstract accompanying drawing);

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a side sectional view of a multifunctional rainwater tree well;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional rainwater tree well water collection port;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the water collection pipeline of the multifunctional rainwater tree well;

In the figure, 1-well wall, 2-roof, 3-split manhole cover, 4-plant, 5-overflow pipe, 6-covering layer, 7-matrix layer, 8-sand layer, 9-pebble layer, 10-water collecting branch pipe, 11-water collecting main pipe, 12-fixing bolt, 13-filter basket, 14-energy dissipation weir, 15-oil suction strip, 16-road surface, 17-water collecting port, 18-bottom plate.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1: Multifunctional rainwater tree well structure

As shown in Figure 1, the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is arranged at the junction of the road and the green belt (or sidewalk), on one side of the green belt (or sidewalk). The main structure of the multi-functional rainwater tree well includes: the main body of the tree well and the water collection pipeline. A water collection port is arranged around or on one side of the main body of the tree well.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the main body of the tree well is in the shape of a cube, and is surrounded by a top plate 2 , a well wall 1 and a bottom plate 18 . A circular (or square) split manhole cover 3 is arranged in the center of the top plate 2 to facilitate the daily maintenance of the tree well.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the water collecting port is the rainwater inlet of the tree well, which is composed of the water collecting port 17 , the filter basket 13 , and the energy-dissipating water distribution weir 14 . The top surface of the water collecting port 17 is involute from the inside to the outside, and the lower bottom surface slopes and sinks from the road to the main body of the tree well.

The energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 is in the shape of a strip, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port 17 along the length direction of the water collection port 17 . The cross section of the energy dissipation weir 14 is rectangular in the lower part and arc in the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy dissipation weir 14 is the basis for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

The filter basket 13 is arranged in the water collecting port 17 , and its shape fits with the inside of the water collecting port 17 . The front part of the filter basket 13 is open and is flush with the road edge, the two sides can be fixed to the road edge by bolts 12, and the peripheral wall and the rear part are closed by the filter screen. The rear part of the filter basket 13 is connected with the energy dissipating water distribution weir 14, and an oil absorption strip 15 is arranged at the lower end of the inner part. The oil absorption strip 15 is made of a polymer material with hydrophobic and lipophilic properties.

Multi-layer filler layers are arranged in the main body of the tree well, and from top to bottom are: a covering layer 6 , a matrix layer 7 , a crushed stone layer 8 and a pebble layer 9 . The height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the tree well is 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir 14 in the catchment area.

The cover layer 6 is laid with fermented pine scales, with a thickness of 2-4 cm. Fermented pine scales are lightweight, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to remove and replace.

The matrix layer 7 is made of granular carbon (activated carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand mixed with three kinds of fillers, the mass ratio is 1-2:2-4:5-8, the thickness is 60-100 cm, and the three kinds of fillers are in accordance with certain Proportional mix.

The gravel layer 8 is laid with gravel (or fine pebbles) with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm and a thickness of 10 to 15 cm; the pebble layer 9 is laid with coarse pebbles with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm and a thickness of 15 to 20 cm. The main function of the gravel layer and the pebble layer is to support the matrix layer and to collect the rainwater after purification.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the water collection pipeline includes a water collection main pipe 11 and a water collection branch pipe 10 , and is also connected with an overflow pipe 5 .

Among them, the water collection main pipe 11 and the water collection branch pipe 10 are arranged in the pebble layer 9 at the bottom of the tree well. The water collecting branch pipes 10 are arranged evenly and horizontally, and the water collecting fine holes are opened downward along the vertical 45° angle direction, and are connected with the water collecting main pipe 11 in a vertical tree shape and are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides. The water collection main pipe 11 is horizontally arranged on the middle line of the bottom of the tree well along the road direction, passes through the wall of the tree well from one side of the tree well to the other side, and is connected with the municipal rainwater pipe network (or treatment system). The water collection main pipe 11 is provided with an upward curved pipe outside the tree well, and the highest point of the top of the pipe is lower than the top surface of the gravel layer in the well.

The overflow pipe 5 is vertically arranged near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road surface; the upper part is connected to the anti-clogging filter head, which is more than 5cm above the top surface of the packing layer, but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipating water distribution weir 14; the lower part is connected to the water collection branch pipe 10 connected.

Embodiment 2: Operation and maintenance method of multi-functional rainwater tree well

The use process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is as follows:

When rainfall occurs, the rainwater from the nearby roads will be collected and flow into the tree well water collecting port 17. After passing through the filter basket 13, the energy dissipation weir 14 will reduce the flow rate and evenly enter the tree well body; the rainwater will flow in the tree well body from top to bottom in order It passes through the covering layer 6, the matrix layer 7, the gravel layer 8 and the pebble layer 9; it is then collected by the water collection branch pipe 10 in the pebble layer 9, and merges into the water collection main pipe 11, and flows out of the rainwater tree well, and is discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network or into the rainwater collection and treatment system.

When a heavy rain occurs, the amount of rainwater entering the tree well exceeds the overflow capacity of the packing layer, and water accumulates in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe 5, overflow occurs; the rainwater is directly discharged from the overflow pipe 5 The water inlet and outlet pipelines can improve the drainage capacity of tree wells and avoid the generation of road surface water.

During the operation of the rainwater tree well, the function of the tree well can be restored and maintained through simple daily maintenance.

The main daily maintenance work includes: (1) Regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil suction strip; (2) Regularly open the tree well cover and replace the covering layer.

Claims (10)

1. a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure, which is arranged at the junction position of the roadway and the sidewalk, or is arranged near the road green belt, for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater; it is characterized in that: It mainly includes: a tree well main body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by surrounding well walls, a bottom plate, and a top plate, and the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth; Inside the main body of the tree well is a packing layer for water purification. The packing layer is a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer in order from top to bottom. The water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, and the water collecting pipeline is also connected with The overflow pipe, the upper mouth of the overflow pipe protrudes from the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is provided with a water collection port along the main body of the tree well or on one side, and the water collection port is provided with a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir; The height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the well should be more than 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir. 2 . The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 1 , wherein the covering layer is a fermented pine scale layer with a thickness of 2-4 cm. 3 . 3. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the matrix layer is a plant root growth, attachment and fixed layer, and three kinds of mixed fillers of granular carbon/activated carbon/biochar, soil and quartz sand are used It is laid, the thickness is 60-100cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2:2-4:5-8. 4. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the thickness of the sandstone layer is 10-15 cm; 5. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; 6. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the water collecting pipe comprises a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting branch pipe, which are connected to each other and arranged in the pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well. 7. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the energy-dissipating water distribution weir is in strip shape, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water-collecting port along the length direction of the water-collecting port; the cross-section of the energy-dissipating water-distributing weir is the lower part. Rectangular, upper arc-shaped; the top is horizontal along the length direction, and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. 8. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: the water collecting port is in the shape of a bell mouth; the filter basket is arranged in the water collecting port, and the shape fits inside the water collecting port; Front part. 9. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the overflow pipe is vertically arranged near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road side, and the upper part is fortified to block the filter head, which is higher than the top surface of the packing layer by more than 5cm; The roof of the main body of the tree well adopts a split manhole cover structure with a hole in the center. 10. An operation and maintenance method for a multifunctional rainwater tree well, using the multifunctional rainwater tree well structure described in claims 1-9, and the operation and maintenance steps are as follows: 1) During the operation of the multi-functional rainwater tree well, regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil absorption strip; 2) Open the tree well cover regularly and replace the covering layer.

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