CN110725179A

CN110725179A - Multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and operation and maintenance method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110725179A
Application number: CN201911140807.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方华; 杨顺; 陈兵奇; 向婷; 王心培
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-11-20
Filing date: 2019-11-20
Publication date: 2020-01-24

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method for solving the defects of the existing road rainwater collection and treatment technology. The structure is matched and arranged at the junction position of a roadway and a sidewalk or near a road green belt and is used for dredging and purifying rainwater; the method mainly comprises the following steps: a tree well body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by a peripheral well wall, a bottom plate and a top plate, and the top plate is of a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth; the tree well comprises a tree well main body and is characterized in that a packing layer for purifying water is arranged in the tree well main body, the packing layer sequentially comprises a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer from top to bottom, a water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, the water collecting pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipe, and the upper opening of the overflow pipe extends out of the top surface of the packing layer; and a water collecting port is arranged at the lower part of the top plate along the periphery or one side of the trunk body, and a filter basket and an energy dissipation water distribution weir are arranged at the water collecting port.

Description

Multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and operation and maintenance method thereof

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of municipal rainwater collection, treatment and utilization, and particularly relates to a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method thereof.

Background art:

along with the acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban scale and the population quantity are continuously expanded, and the area of an impervious area in an urban area range is rapidly expanded. Generally, various impurities such as household garbage, construction waste, waste food and grease, petroleum substances, dust particles, atmospheric sediment and the like are reserved in impervious areas such as urban pavements, squares, roofs and the like. In rainy days, the impurities can enter surface rainwater runoff due to rainfall erosion, and a large amount of pollutants such as particles, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, grease, heavy metals and the like are carried in the surface rainwater runoff. A large amount of rainwater, especially initial rainwater with extremely high pollutant concentration, is usually collected by a municipal rainwater pipe network and is directly discharged into a natural water body without treatment. Relevant research shows that the current contribution rate of rainwater pollutants to urban water pollution exceeds 60 percent. Therefore, untreated and purified rainwater will seriously destroy the ecological environment of urban water, and has become one of the main causes of urban water pollution, even black and odorous.

On the other hand, rainwater is also a precious resource, and the development of comprehensive utilization of urban rainwater has important positive significance to society, economy and environment. Rainwater infiltration can properly improve the underground water level and supplement underground water, and has important significance for underground water super-mining cities; the comprehensive utilization of rainwater can reduce the runoff of rainwater on urban streets and reduce the pressure of urban drainage; the rainwater is used for industrial and agricultural water and domestic water, provides a new supply water source for cities, and relieves the contradiction between water resource supply and demand.

In view of this, the collection, treatment and utilization of rainwater become important work for urban water environment protection and sustainable water resource utilization. The purification and guarantee of the rainwater quality are the premise of rainwater resource utilization.

In recent years, by means of the vigorous promotion of sponge city construction work, urban rainwater collection and treatment technologies and projects are rapidly developed and implemented. The existing common rainwater treatment engineering mode is mainly to add an independent rainwater treatment unit or system outside a rainwater collection system, and the common rainwater treatment technology mainly comprises a physicochemical method, a biological treatment method and a combination technology thereof. The engineering technologies can effectively remove various pollutants in rainwater, purify the rainwater quality, and create conditions for protecting the water ecological environment and improving the rainwater utilization efficiency; but also has the defects of large quantity of treatment structures or facilities, complex process, large occupied area and high construction and operation cost.

The existing urban road surface rainwater collection system mainly comprises a rainwater grate, a rainwater well, a rainwater pipe network and the like. Wherein, the rainwater grate is the initiating terminal of rainwater collection system, is the mouth that catchments that the rainwater runoff got into collection system. After entering the rainwater grate, rainwater flows into the rainwater well through the rainwater branch pipe, then is converged into the rainwater main pipe through the rainwater well, and is directly discharged or collected and processed. In addition, the rainwater grate is generally horizontally arranged at the edge of the road surface and is easily blocked by sundries such as garbage, leaves and the like, so that the rainwater grate cannot smoothly drain water in rainfall; meanwhile, the safety belt is easy to damage and lose, and great potential safety hazards are generated to pedestrians and vehicles.

Therefore, aiming at the defects of the existing road rainwater collecting system and processing system, the development of novel equipment and technology with rainwater collecting and processing functions is urgently needed. And patent ZL201720142745.0 puts forward the ecological tree well suitable for sponge city, set up multilayer filler and water-absorbing component in the apparatus, can absorb the harmful substance in the degradation water, and increased the drought resistance of the tree well; however, the main function of the tree well is plant planting, the tree well is connected with a rainwater pipe only through a branch pipe, the rainwater collecting function is omitted, the purifying function is simple, the tree well cannot be used for synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater, and further improvement is needed.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention provides a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure capable of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater, aiming at solving the defects of the existing road rainwater collecting and processing technology.

The invention also aims to provide an operation and maintenance method of the multifunctional rainwater tree well.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure is arranged at the junction position of a roadway and a sidewalk in a matched manner or near a road green belt and is used for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater;

the method mainly comprises the following steps: a tree well body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by a peripheral well wall, a bottom plate and a top plate, and the top plate is of a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth;

the tree well comprises a tree well main body and is characterized in that a packing layer for purifying water is arranged in the tree well main body, the packing layer sequentially comprises a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer from top to bottom, a water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, the water collecting pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipe, and the upper opening of the overflow pipe extends out of the top surface of the packing layer; and a water collecting port is arranged at the lower part of the top plate along the periphery or one side of the trunk body, and a filter basket and an energy dissipation water distribution weir are arranged at the water collecting port.

Furthermore, the height of the top surface of the filler layer in the trunk body is more than 10cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation water distribution weir.

Furthermore, the covering layer is a fermented scale layer with the thickness of 2-4 cm. The covering layer has the effects of ventilation, heat preservation, moisture retention and further sundries interception, and can effectively protect the plant growth in the tree well and the function of the lower filling area. The fermented pine scales are light, cheap and easy to obtain, and are convenient to clean and replace.

Further, the substrate layer is a plant root growth, attachment and fixation layer. Not only can ensure the growth of crops, but also can play a role in deep purification of rainwater. The matrix layer is formed by laying three mixed fillers of granular carbon (active carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand, the thickness of the matrix layer is 60-100 cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2: 2-4: 5-8. 3 kinds of fillers are mixed according to a certain proportion, which can not only ensure the growth of plants, but also improve the water permeability of the filler layer, and exert respective water purification function, thus realizing the high-efficiency purification of rainwater. The granular carbon in the matrix layer has a strong adsorption function, and can effectively remove and intercept dissolved pollutants (such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and the like) and trace toxic and harmful pollutants (such as heavy metals) in rainwater; the soil in the matrix layer can provide nutrients required for plant growth and maintain the water content in the matrix layer in a rainless period. The quartz sand in the substrate layer can ensure that the substrate layer has certain porosity, namely, the substrate layer has higher water permeability in a rainfall period and better air permeability in a non-rainfall period, and has the water purification function of filtering and intercepting granular and insoluble pollutants in rainwater. In addition, the surfaces or the interiors of the granular carbon, the soil and the quartz sand can provide good places for the growth of microorganisms, so that the matrix layer synchronously has the function of biological purification, and the biological oxidation degradation of organic pollutants and the biological nitrification and denitrification removal of ammonia nitrogen can be realized. The plants growing in the matrix layer can also remove heavy metals and organic pollutants trapped in the matrix layer through the functions of plant absorption, degradation and extraction.

Further, the thickness of the sand layer is 10-15 cm; paving broken stones (or fine pebbles) with the diameter of 1-3 cm;

further, the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; paving thick pebbles with the diameter of 5-10 cm. The sand stone layer and the pebble layer are mainly used for supporting the substrate layer and are used as a collection place for purified rainwater.

Further, the water collecting pipe comprises a main water collecting pipe and a branch water collecting pipe. The main water collecting pipe and the branch water collecting pipes are arranged in a pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well. The water collecting branch pipes are uniformly and horizontally arranged, are downwards provided with water collecting fine holes along the vertical 45-degree angle direction, and are vertically connected with the water collecting main pipe in a tree shape and are arranged in a bilateral symmetry manner.

Furthermore, the water collecting opening is in a horn mouth shape, so that the road surface water collection can be rapidly collected in rainy days.

Furthermore, the energy dissipation water distribution weir is strip-shaped and is arranged at the rear part of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port along the length direction of the water collection port. The cross section of the energy dissipation and water distribution weir is rectangular at the lower part and circular at the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy dissipation water distribution weir can form small water blocking at the rear part of the water collection area, rainwater is guaranteed to uniformly enter the tree well along the length direction, the flow speed of the rainwater entering the tree well is reduced, direct scouring of the rainwater on fillers and plants in the tree well can be slowed down, and the filtering effect of the filter screen can be guaranteed. Meanwhile, the energy dissipation water distribution weir is also the foundation for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

Further, the filtering basket is arranged in the water collecting opening, and the shape of the filtering basket is matched with the inside of the water collecting opening. The front part of the filtering basket is open and is flush with the road edge, and two sides of the filtering basket can be fixed on the road edge by bolts, so that the filtering basket is prevented from being loosened or lost by rainwater washing. The peripheral wall and the rear part of the filter basket are sealed by the filter screen, so that coarse impurities and garbage in rainwater can be effectively filtered and retained outside the tree well, daily cleaning is facilitated, and pollutant load and blockage of the tree well are reduced. The rear part of the filter basket is connected with an energy dissipation water distribution weir, and the lower end of the interior of the filter basket is provided with an oil absorption strip.

Furthermore, the oil absorption strip is arranged at the front part of the energy dissipation water distribution weir and is made of a high polymer material with hydrophobic and oleophylic characteristics, so that not only can the grease component contained in rainwater be efficiently removed, but also the filler in the tree well can be prevented from being polluted by oil and losing efficacy.

Furthermore, the top plate of the main body of the tree well adopts a split-type top cover structure with a hole in the center, so that the tree well can be conveniently opened during routine maintenance.

The overflow pipe is vertically arranged near two inner angles on the side of the tree well far away from the road surface; the upper part is connected with an anti-blocking filter head which is higher than the top surface of the packing layer by more than 5cm but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipation water distribution weir; the lower part is connected with a water collecting branch pipe.

An operation and maintenance method of a multifunctional rainwater tree well comprises the following steps:

firstly, in the running process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well, impurities in a filter basket are periodically removed, and an oil suction strip is replaced;

and secondly, periodically opening the well cover of the tree well and replacing the covering layer.

The operation process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well is as follows:

when rainfall occurs, rainwater on nearby road surfaces flows into a water collecting port of the tree well after being collected, passes through the filter basket, is reduced in flow velocity by the energy dissipation water distribution weir, and then uniformly enters the tree well main body; rainwater sequentially passes through the covering layer, the substrate layer, the gravel layer and the pebble layer from top to bottom in the tree well main body; and then collected by a water collecting branch pipe in the pebble bed, converged into a water collecting main pipe, flows out of a rainwater tree well, and is discharged into a municipal rainwater pipe network or a rainwater collecting and processing system.

In the whole process of rainwater purification, firstly, coarse impurities in rainwater are mechanically intercepted and removed by the filter basket, and grease and petroleum substances are synchronously absorbed by the oil absorption strips; after entering the tree well, the rainwater can be intercepted by the solid impurities with smaller size of the filter basket covered by the covering layer, and the fine particle impurities are intercepted by the substrate layer. Pollutants such as soluble organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals and the like in the rainwater are firstly adsorbed and removed by the granular carbon in the matrix layer; the subsequent adsorbed and trapped organic matters can be further removed through the actions of biological oxidation, plant absorption and the like of microorganisms, ammonia nitrogen is further removed through the biological denitrification action of the microorganisms, and heavy metals are further removed through the actions of plant absorption and extraction.

When rainstorm occurs, the amount of rainwater which is converged into the tree well exceeds the overflowing capacity of the packing layer, and accumulated water is generated in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe, overflow is generated; rainwater is directly discharged into the water outlet pipeline through the overflow pipe, so that the drainage capacity of the tree well is improved, and the accumulated water on the road surface is avoided.

In the running process of the rainwater tree well, the functions of the tree well can be recovered and maintained through simple daily maintenance.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the greenbelts such as tree wells, flower gardens and the like are generally arranged at the edges of urban roads, and the defects in the prior art can be better overcome by changing the existing rainwater grate on the road surface into a novel device which is arranged in the greenbelts and has the rainwater collecting and processing functions.

The rainwater drainage device is simple in structure, ingenious in design and powerful in function, can efficiently remove various impurities, particles, insoluble suspended matters and soluble pollutants in rainwater while ensuring drainage in rainy days, and has good effluent quality;

the invention has low construction cost, small land occupation scale, simple and convenient operation and maintenance, can be transformed by utilizing the existing roadside green belts, also has landscape greening function, and has great application prospect in rainwater resource utilization and sponge city construction;

the invention provides a multifunctional rainwater tree well and an operation and maintenance method, which have the functions of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater and can overcome the defects of the conventional road rainwater collecting system in function and safety.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention (also shown in the attached abstract);

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the multi-functional storm-water tree well;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a water collecting port of the multifunctional rainwater tree well;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a water collection pipeline of the multifunctional rainwater tree well;

in the figure, 1-well wall, 2-top plate, 3-split well cover, 4-plant, 5-overflow pipe, 6-covering layer, 7-matrix layer, 8-sandstone layer, 9-pebble layer, 10-water collecting branch pipe, 11-water collecting main pipe, 12-fixing bolt, 13-filter basket, 14-energy dissipation water distribution weir, 15-oil absorption strip, 16-road surface, 17 water collecting port and 18 bottom plate.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The first embodiment is as follows: multifunctional rainwater tree well structure

As shown in fig. 1, the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is disposed at a junction between a road and a green belt (or a sidewalk) on one side of the green belt (or the sidewalk). This multi-functional rainwater tree well's major structure includes: a tree well body and a water collection pipeline. A water collecting opening is arranged along the periphery or one side of the main body of the tree well.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the tree well body is in a cubic shape and is enclosed by a top plate 2, a well wall 1 and a bottom plate 18. The center of the top plate 2 is provided with a round (or square) split well cover 3, which is convenient for the daily maintenance of the tree well.

As shown in fig. 4, the water collecting port is a rainwater inlet of the tree well and is composed of a water collecting port 17, a filter basket 13, an energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 and the like. The top surface of the water collecting port 17 is gradually opened from inside to outside, and the lower bottom surface is inclined and sunk towards the main body of the tree well from the route.

The energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 is strip-shaped and is arranged at the rear part of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port 17 along the length direction of the water collection port 17. The cross section of the energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 is rectangular at the lower part and circular at the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 is the foundation for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

The filter basket 13 is arranged in the water collecting port 17, and the shape of the filter basket is matched with the interior of the water collecting port 17. The filter basket 13 is open at the front and flush with the road edge, two sides can be fixed on the road edge by bolts 12, and the peripheral wall and the rear part are closed by a filter screen. The rear part of the filter basket 13 is connected with an energy dissipation water distribution weir 14, and the lower end of the interior is provided with an oil absorption strip 15. The oil absorption strip 15 is made of a high polymer material with hydrophobic and oleophilic characteristics.

Set up multilayer packing layer in the tree well main part, from top to bottom do respectively: a cover layer 6, a matrix layer 7, a gravel layer 8 and a pebble layer 9. The top surface of the filler layer in the trunk body is 10cm lower than the top surface of the energy distribution weir 14 in the water collecting area.

And laying fermented loose scales on the covering layer 6, wherein the thickness of the fermented loose scales is 2-4 cm. The fermented pine scales are light, cheap and easy to obtain, and are convenient to remove and replace.

The matrix layer 7 is formed by mixing 3 fillers of granular carbon (active carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand and then paving, the mass ratio is 1-2: 2-4: 5-8, the thickness is 60-100 cm, and the 3 fillers are mixed according to a certain proportion.

Broken stones (or fine pebbles) with the diameter of 1-3 cm and the thickness of 10-15 cm are paved on the gravel layer 8; coarse pebbles with the diameter of 5-10 cm and the thickness of 15-20 cm are paved on the pebble layer 9. The crushed stone layer and the pebble layer mainly serve as a bearing substrate layer and are used as a collection place for purified rainwater.

As shown in fig. 5, the water collecting pipe includes a main water collecting pipe 11 and a branch water collecting pipe 10, and an overflow pipe 5 is connected thereto.

Wherein, the main water collecting pipe 11 and the branch water collecting pipe 10 are arranged in the pebble layer 9 at the bottom of the tree well. The water collecting branch pipes 10 are uniformly and horizontally arranged, are provided with water collecting pores downwards along the vertical 45-degree angle direction, are vertically connected with the water collecting main pipe 11 in a tree shape and are symmetrically arranged left and right. The main water collecting pipe 11 is horizontally arranged on the middle line of the bottom of the tree well along the road direction, penetrates out of the wall of the tree well from one side of the tree well to the other side of the tree well, and is connected with a municipal rainwater pipe network (or a processing system). The main water collecting pipe 11 is provided with an upward bent pipe outside the tree well, and the highest position of the pipe top is lower than the top surface of the rubble layer in the tree well.

The overflow pipe 5 is vertically arranged near two inner angles on the side of the tree well far away from the road surface; the upper part is connected with an anti-blocking filter head which is higher than the top surface of the packing layer by more than 5cm but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipation water distribution weir 14; the lower part is connected with a branch water collecting pipe 10.

Example two: multifunctional rainwater tree well operation and maintenance method

The multifunctional rainwater tree well provided by the invention is used as follows:

when rainfall occurs, rainwater on nearby road surfaces is collected and flows into a tree well water collecting port 17, passes through the filter basket 13, is reduced in flow speed by the energy dissipation water distribution weir 14, and then uniformly enters the tree well main body; rainwater sequentially passes through the covering layer 6, the matrix layer 7, the gravel layer 8 and the pebble layer 9 from top to bottom in the tree well main body; and then collected by a water collecting branch pipe 10 in the pebble bed 9, converged into a water collecting main pipe 11, flows out of a rainwater tree well, and is discharged into a municipal rainwater pipe network or a rainwater collecting and treating system.

When rainstorm occurs, the amount of rainwater which is converged into the tree well exceeds the overflowing capacity of the packing layer, and accumulated water is generated in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe 5, overflow is generated; rainwater is directly discharged into the water outlet pipeline through the overflow pipe 5, so that the drainage capacity of the tree well is improved, and the generation of surface water accumulation is avoided.

The main routine maintenance work includes: (1) removing sundries in the filter basket at regular intervals, and replacing the oil suction strips; (2) and opening the well cover of the tree well at regular intervals and replacing the covering layer.

Claims

1. A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure is arranged at the junction position of a roadway and a sidewalk in a matched manner or near a road green belt and is used for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater; the method is characterized in that:

the tree well comprises a tree well main body and is characterized in that a packing layer for purifying water is arranged in the tree well main body, the packing layer sequentially comprises a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer from top to bottom, a water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, the water collecting pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipe, and the upper opening of the overflow pipe extends out of the top surface of the packing layer; a water collecting opening is formed in the lower portion of the top plate along the periphery or one side of the trunk body, and a filter basket and an energy dissipation water distribution weir are arranged at the water collecting opening; the height of the top surface of the filler layer in the trunk body is more than 10cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation water distribution weir.

2. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 1 wherein: the covering layer is a fermented scale loosening layer and is 2-4 cm thick.

3. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 2 wherein: the substrate layer is a plant root growth, attachment and fixation layer and is formed by paving three mixed fillers of granular carbon/active carbon/biological carbon, soil and quartz sand, the thickness of the substrate layer is 60-100 cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2: 2-4: 5-8.

4. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 3 wherein: the thickness of the sand layer is 10-15 cm; and paving broken stones or fine pebbles with the diameter of 1-3 cm.

5. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 4 wherein: the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; paving thick pebbles with the diameter of 5-10 cm.

6. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the water collecting pipe comprises a main water collecting pipe and a branch water collecting pipe which are mutually connected and arranged in a pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well.

7. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 6 wherein: the energy dissipation water distribution weir is strip-shaped and is arranged at the rear part of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port along the length direction of the water collection port; the cross section of the energy dissipation and water distribution weir is rectangular at the lower part and circular at the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface.

8. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 7 wherein: the water collecting opening is in a bell mouth shape; the filter basket is arranged in the water collecting opening, and the shape of the filter basket is matched with the inside of the water collecting opening; the oil absorption strips are arranged at the front part of the energy dissipation water distribution weir.

9. The multi-functional storm-tree well structure of claim 8 wherein: the overflow pipe is vertically arranged near two inner angles on the side of the tree well far away from the road surface, and the upper part of the overflow pipe is provided with a defense blocking filter head which is higher than the top surface of the packing layer by more than 5 cm; the top plate of the main body of the tree well adopts a split well cover structure with a hole in the center.

10. A method for operating and maintaining a multifunctional rainwater tree well, which adopts the structure of the multifunctional rainwater tree well as claimed in claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps:

1) in the operation process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well, impurities in the filter basket are periodically removed, and the oil absorbing strips are replaced;

2) and opening the well cover of the tree well at regular intervals and replacing the covering layer.