CN110725179A - A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and its operation and maintenance method - Google Patents

A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and its operation and maintenance method Download PDF

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CN110725179A
CN110725179A CN201911140807.4A CN201911140807A CN110725179A CN 110725179 A CN110725179 A CN 110725179A CN 201911140807 A CN201911140807 A CN 201911140807A CN 110725179 A CN110725179 A CN 110725179A
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tree well
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rainwater
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方华
杨顺
陈兵奇
向婷
王心培
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/004Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
    • E01C9/005Coverings around trees forming part of the road
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/02Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/14Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates

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Abstract

本发明为了解决现有道路雨水收集处理技术存在不足,提出一种多功能雨水树井结构及运维方法,该结构改造费用低、易于维护,兼备有生态效益和景观效益多种功能。该结构配套设置于车行道与人行道的交界位置,或设置于道路绿化带附近,用于疏导和净化雨水;主要包括:树井主体和集水管路;所述树井主体由四周井壁、底板、以及顶板围成,所述顶板为篦子结构并设有供植物生长的开口;树井主体内部为水体净化的填料层,所述填料层由上至下依次为覆盖层、基质层、碎石层和卵石层,卵石层内布置所述集水管路,集水管路还连接有溢流管,溢流管上口伸出填料层顶面;所述顶板的下部,沿树井主体周围或一侧设有集水口,集水口处设有滤篮和消能布水堰。

Figure 201911140807

In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection and treatment technology, the present invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method. The structure is arranged at the junction of the roadway and the sidewalk, or near the green belt of the road, to divert and purify the rainwater; it mainly includes: the main body of the tree well and the water collection pipeline; the main body of the tree well is composed of surrounding well walls, The bottom plate and the top plate are enclosed, the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth; the inside of the main body of the tree well is a filler layer for water purification, and the filler layer is covered layer, matrix layer, crushed layer from top to bottom. The stone layer and the pebble layer, the water collection pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, the water collection pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipe, and the upper opening of the overflow pipe extends out of the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is along the main body of the tree well or There is a water collecting port on one side, and a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir are arranged at the water collecting port.

Figure 201911140807

Description

一种多功能雨水树井结构及其运维方法A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and its operation and maintenance method

技术领域:Technical field:

本发明属于市政雨水收集、处理和利用技术领域,具体涉及一种多功能雨水树井结构及其运维方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal rainwater collection, treatment and utilization, in particular to a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure and an operation and maintenance method thereof.

背景技术:Background technique:

随着城市化进程的加快,城市规模和人口数量不断扩张,城区范围内不透水区域面积也迅速扩大。通常,城市路面、广场和屋面等不透水区域内存留着生活垃圾、建筑废弃物、废弃食物和油脂、石油类物质、粉尘颗粒及大气沉降物等各类杂质。雨天时,这些杂质会因降雨冲刷而进入地表雨水径流,并使其中携带大量的污染物,如颗粒物、有机物、氮、磷、油脂、重金属等。而大量雨水,特别是污染物浓度极高的初期雨水,往往经市政雨水管网收集后,不经处理直接排入天然水体。相关研究显示,目前雨水污染物对城市水体污染的贡献率超过60%。因此,未经处理与净化的雨水将严重破坏城市水生态环境,并已成为城市水体污染、甚至黑臭的主要原因之一。With the acceleration of urbanization, the scale and population of cities continue to expand, and the area of impervious areas within urban areas also expands rapidly. Usually, various impurities such as domestic garbage, construction waste, waste food and grease, petroleum substances, dust particles and atmospheric sediments remain in impervious areas such as urban pavements, squares and roofs. In rainy days, these impurities will enter the surface rainwater runoff due to rainfall erosion, and carry a large amount of pollutants, such as particulate matter, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, grease, heavy metals, etc. A large amount of rainwater, especially the initial rainwater with extremely high pollutant concentration, is often collected by the municipal rainwater pipe network and directly discharged into the natural water body without treatment. Relevant studies show that the current contribution rate of rainwater pollutants to urban water pollution exceeds 60%. Therefore, untreated and purified rainwater will seriously damage the urban water ecological environment, and has become one of the main reasons for urban water pollution and even black odor.

另一方面,雨水也是宝贵的资源,开展城市雨水的综合利用对社会、经济与环境均具有重要的积极意义。雨水渗透能够适当提高地下水位,补充地下水,对于地下水超采城市来说具有重要的意义;雨水的综合利用可减少城市街道雨水径流量,减轻城市排水的压力;雨水用于工农业用水和生活用水,为城市提供新的供给水源,缓解水资源供需矛盾。On the other hand, rainwater is also a precious resource, and the comprehensive utilization of urban rainwater is of great positive significance to society, economy and environment. Rainwater infiltration can properly raise the groundwater level and supplement groundwater, which is of great significance for cities with overexploitation of groundwater; comprehensive utilization of rainwater can reduce the runoff of urban streets and relieve the pressure of urban drainage; rainwater is used for industrial and agricultural water and domestic water. , to provide a new water supply source for the city and alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand.

鉴于此,开展雨水的收集、处理和利用,已成为当前城市水环境保护和水资源可持续利用的重要工作。而雨水水质的净化和保障则是雨水资源化利用的前提。In view of this, the collection, treatment and utilization of rainwater has become an important task for the current urban water environment protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. The purification and protection of rainwater quality is the premise of rainwater resource utilization.

近年来,依托于海绵城市建设工作的大力推进,城市雨水收集、处理技术与工程也得到了快速发展和实施。现有常见的雨水处理工程形式主要是在雨水收集系统外增加单独的雨水处理单元或系统,常用的雨水处理技术则主要包括物理化学法和生物处理法及其组合技术。这些工程技术可有效去除雨水中的各类污染物,净化雨水水质,为保护水生态环境、提高雨水利用效率创造了条件;但也存在需大幅增加处理构筑物或设施数量、工艺复杂、占地面积大、建设与运行费用高的缺点。In recent years, relying on the vigorous promotion of sponge city construction, urban rainwater collection, treatment technology and engineering have also been rapidly developed and implemented. The existing common rainwater treatment engineering forms mainly add a separate rainwater treatment unit or system to the rainwater collection system, and the commonly used rainwater treatment technologies mainly include physical and chemical methods, biological treatment methods and their combined technologies. These engineering technologies can effectively remove various pollutants in rainwater, purify the quality of rainwater, and create conditions for protecting the water ecological environment and improving the efficiency of rainwater utilization; however, there are also problems that require a substantial increase in the number of treatment structures or facilities, complex processes, and floor space. The disadvantages of large size, high construction and operation costs.

现有城市路面雨水收集系统,主要由雨水篦子、雨水井和雨水管网等构成。其中,雨水篦子为雨水收集系统的起始端,是雨水径流进入收集系统的集水口。雨水进入雨水篦子后,先通过雨水支管流入雨水井,后由雨水井汇入雨水主管,直接排放或进行收集处理。此外,雨水篦子一般水平设置于路面边沿处,容易被垃圾、树叶等杂物堵塞,导致降雨时排水不畅;同时,也较易损坏遗失,对行人和车辆产生极大的安全隐患。The existing urban pavement rainwater collection system is mainly composed of rainwater grate, rainwater well and rainwater pipe network. Among them, the rainwater grate is the starting end of the rainwater collection system, and it is the water collection port where the rainwater runoff enters the collection system. After the rainwater enters the rainwater grate, it first flows into the rainwater well through the rainwater branch pipe, and then enters the rainwater main pipe from the rainwater well, and is directly discharged or collected and processed. In addition, the rainwater grate is generally set horizontally at the edge of the road, which is easily blocked by debris, leaves and other debris, resulting in poor drainage during rainfall; at the same time, it is also easy to be damaged and lost, which poses a great safety hazard to pedestrians and vehicles.

因此,针对现有道路雨水收集系统和处理系统存在的缺陷,亟待开发兼具雨水收集和处理功能的新型装备和技术。以及专利ZL201720142745.0提出的适用于海绵城市的生态树井,该装置中设置了多层填料和吸水构件,可吸收降解水中的有害物质,并增加了树井的抗旱性;但该树井的主要功能为植物种植,仅通过支管与雨水管相连,无雨水收集功能,且净化功能也较为简单,不能用于雨水的同步收集与净化,有必要进一步改进。Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection systems and treatment systems, it is urgent to develop new equipment and technologies with both rainwater collection and treatment functions. As well as the ecological tree well suitable for sponge city proposed by patent ZL201720142745.0, the device is provided with multi-layer fillers and water-absorbing components, which can absorb and degrade harmful substances in water and increase the drought resistance of tree wells; The main function is plant planting. It is only connected to the rainwater pipe through the branch pipe. It has no rainwater collection function, and the purification function is relatively simple. It cannot be used for the simultaneous collection and purification of rainwater, and it is necessary to further improve it.

发明内容:Invention content:

本发明为了解决现有道路雨水收集处理技术存在不足,提出一种能够对雨水进行同步收集和净化处理的多功能雨水树井结构,该结构改造费用低、易于维护,兼备有生态效益和景观效益多种功能。In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing road rainwater collection and treatment technology, the present invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure capable of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater. The structure has low renovation cost, is easy to maintain, and has both ecological and landscape benefits. A variety of functions.

本发明另一目的是提供一种多功能雨水树井的运维方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide an operation and maintenance method for a multifunctional rainwater tree well.

本发明的具体技术方案如下:The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种多功能雨水树井结构,该结构配套设置于车行道与人行道的交界位置,或设置于道路绿化带附近,用于疏导、收集和净化雨水;A multifunctional rainwater tree well structure, which is arranged at the junction of the roadway and the sidewalk, or near the green belt of the road, and is used for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater;

主要包括:树井主体和集水管路;所述树井主体由四周井壁、底板、以及顶板围成,所述顶板为篦子结构并设有供植物生长的开口;It mainly includes: a tree well main body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by surrounding well walls, a bottom plate, and a top plate, and the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth;

树井主体内部为水体净化的填料层,所述填料层由上至下依次为覆盖层、基质层、碎石层和卵石层,卵石层内布置所述集水管路,集水管路还连接有溢流管,溢流管上口伸出填料层顶面;所述顶板的下部,沿树井主体周围或一侧设有集水口,集水口处设有滤篮和消能布水堰。Inside the main body of the tree well is a packing layer for water purification. The packing layer is a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer in order from top to bottom. The water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, and the water collecting pipeline is also connected with The overflow pipe, the upper mouth of the overflow pipe protrudes from the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is provided with a water collecting port along the main body of the tree well or on one side, and the water collecting port is provided with a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir.

进一步地,树井主体内填料层顶面的高度应低于消能布水堰顶面高度10 cm以上。Further, the height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the tree well should be more than 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir.

进一步地,所述覆盖层为发酵松鳞层,厚度2~4 cm。覆盖层具有透气、保温、保持水分以及进一步截留杂物的功效,可有效保护树井内植物生长和下部填料区功能。发酵松鳞轻质、廉价、易得,便于清理与更换。Further, the covering layer is a fermented pine scale layer with a thickness of 2-4 cm. The covering layer has the functions of ventilation, heat preservation, moisture retention and further retention of debris, which can effectively protect the plant growth in the tree well and the function of the lower filling area. Fermented pine scales are lightweight, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to clean and replace.

进一步地,所述基质层为植物根系生长、附着与固定层。既可保证作物生长,又承担雨水深度净化的功能。基质层采用颗粒炭(活性炭或生物炭)、土壤和石英砂三种混合填料铺设而成,厚度60~100cm,三种成份的质量比为1~2:2~4:5~8。3种填料按照一定比例混合,除可保障植物生长外,还可提高填料层透水性,并发挥各自的净水功能,实现雨水高效净化。基质层中的颗粒炭具有强大的吸附功能,可有效去除和截留雨水中溶解态的污染物(如有机物、氨氮等)和微量有毒有害污染物(如重金属);基质层中的土壤可为植物生长提供所需的养分,保持基质层中无雨时段的含水率。基质层中的石英砂则可保证基质层的具有一定的孔隙率,即在降雨时段具有较高的透水性,在无雨时段具有较好的透气性,并具有过滤截留雨水中颗粒态和不溶性污染物的净水功能。此外,颗粒炭、土壤和石英砂表面或内部均可为微生物生长提供良好的场所,使得基质层同步具有了生物净化的功能,可实现有机污染物的生物氧化降解和氨氮的生物硝化反硝化脱除。基质层中生长的植物也可通过植物吸收、降解和提取的功能,去除截留在基质层中的重金属和有机污染物。Further, the substrate layer is the growth, attachment and fixation layer of plant roots. It can not only ensure the growth of crops, but also undertake the function of deep purification of rainwater. The matrix layer is made of three kinds of mixed fillers, granular carbon (activated carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand, with a thickness of 60-100cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2:2-4:5-8. The fillers are mixed in a certain proportion, which can not only ensure the growth of plants, but also improve the water permeability of the filler layer, and exert their respective water purification functions to achieve efficient purification of rainwater. The granular carbon in the matrix layer has a strong adsorption function, which can effectively remove and intercept dissolved pollutants (such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, etc.) and trace toxic and harmful pollutants (such as heavy metals) in rainwater; the soil in the matrix layer can be plants Growth provides the nutrients needed to maintain moisture levels in the substrate during periods of no rain. The quartz sand in the matrix layer can ensure that the matrix layer has a certain porosity, that is, it has high water permeability in the rainy period, good air permeability in the no rain period, and has the ability to filter and intercept the particle state and insolubility in rainwater. The water purification function of pollutants. In addition, the surface or interior of granular carbon, soil and quartz sand can provide a good place for the growth of microorganisms, so that the matrix layer has the function of biological purification simultaneously, which can realize the biological oxidation degradation of organic pollutants and the biological nitrification, denitrification and denitrification of ammonia nitrogen. remove. Plants growing in the substrate layer can also remove heavy metals and organic pollutants trapped in the substrate layer through the functions of plant absorption, degradation and extraction.

进一步地,砂石层厚度为10~15cm;铺设直径1~3 cm碎石(或细卵石);Further, the thickness of the sandstone layer is 10-15 cm; the gravel (or fine pebbles) with a diameter of 1-3 cm is laid;

进一步地,卵石层厚度为15~20cm;铺设直径5~10 cm粗卵石。砂石层和卵石层的主要作用为承托基质层,并且是净化后雨水的收集场所。Further, the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; the coarse pebble with a diameter of 5-10 cm is laid. The main function of the sandstone layer and the pebble layer is to support the matrix layer, and it is the collection place for the rainwater after purification.

进一步地,集水管包括集水主管和集水支管。集水主管与集水支管设置在树井底部的卵石层中。集水支管均匀水平设置,沿铅直45°角方向向下开有集水细孔,并与集水主管垂直树状连接、左右对称排布。Further, the water collection pipe includes a water collection main pipe and a water collection branch pipe. The main water collection pipe and the water collection branch pipe are arranged in the pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well. The water collection branch pipes are arranged evenly and horizontally, and the water collection fine holes are opened downward along the vertical 45° angle direction, and are connected with the water collection main pipe vertically in a tree-like manner, and are arranged symmetrically on the left and right.

进一步地,集水口呈喇叭口状,以便雨天快速收集路面汇水。Further, the water collecting port is in the shape of a bell mouth, so that the road water can be quickly collected in rainy days.

进一步地,消能布水堰呈条状,沿集水口长度方向设置于集水口下底面后部。消能布水堰截面为下部矩形、上部圆弧形;顶部沿长度方向水平、且低于路面10cm以上。消能布水堰可在集水区后部形成小幅雍水,保证雨水沿长度方向均匀进入树井,降低了雨水进入树井的流速,即可减缓雨水对树井内填料和植物的直接冲刷,还可保障滤网过滤效果。同时,消能布水堰也是滤篮固定与承托的基础。Further, the energy dissipation water distribution weir is in the shape of a strip, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port along the length direction of the water collection port. The cross section of the energy dissipation weir is rectangular in the lower part and arc in the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy-dissipating water distribution weir can form a small amount of water at the back of the catchment area, ensuring that the rainwater enters the tree well evenly along the length direction, reducing the flow rate of the rainwater entering the tree well, which can slow down the direct erosion of the filling and plants in the tree well by rainwater. It can also guarantee the filtering effect of the filter. At the same time, the energy dissipation weir is also the basis for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

进一步地,滤篮设置于集水口内,形状与集水口内部契合。滤篮前部敞口,与路沿平齐,两侧可由螺栓固定于路沿,防止雨水冲刷松动或遗失。滤篮周壁和后部由滤网封闭,可有效滤除雨水中粗大杂物和垃圾,并将其截留在树井外,既便于日常清理,又减少了树井的污染物负荷和堵塞。滤篮后部与消能布水堰相接,内部下端设置吸油条。Further, the filter basket is arranged in the water collecting port, and the shape fits with the inside of the water collecting port. The front of the filter basket is open and flush with the curb, and both sides can be bolted to the curb to prevent it from being loosened or lost by rain. The peripheral wall and rear of the filter basket are closed by a filter screen, which can effectively filter out the coarse debris and garbage in the rainwater, and trap them outside the tree well, which is convenient for daily cleaning and reduces the pollutant load and blockage of the tree well. The rear part of the filter basket is connected with the energy dissipating water distribution weir, and an oil absorption strip is arranged at the lower end of the inner part.

进一步地,吸油条设置在消能布水堰前部,采用具有憎水亲油特性的高分子材料制成,既可高效去除雨水所含的油脂成分,又可使树井内填料免受油污污染而失效。Further, the oil absorbing strip is arranged at the front of the energy-dissipating water distribution weir, and is made of polymer material with hydrophobic and lipophilic properties, which can not only efficiently remove the oil and grease components contained in rainwater, but also protect the filler in the tree well from oil pollution. and fail.

进一步地,树井主体顶板采用中心带孔的对开式顶盖结构,便于树井的日常维护时打开。Further, the top plate of the main body of the tree well adopts a split roof structure with a hole in the center, which is convenient for opening the tree well during routine maintenance.

溢流管铅直设置在树井远离路面侧两内角附近;上部接防堵塞滤头,高于填料层顶面5cm以上,但低于消能布水堰顶面;下部与集水支管相接。The overflow pipe is set vertically near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road surface; the upper part is connected to the anti-clogging filter head, which is more than 5cm above the top surface of the packing layer, but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipating water distribution weir; the lower part is connected to the water collection branch pipe .

一种多功能雨水树井的运维方法,包括以下步骤:A method for operation and maintenance of a multifunctional rainwater tree well, comprising the following steps:

第一,多功能雨水树井运行过程中,定期清除滤篮中杂物,更换吸油条;First, during the operation of the multi-functional rainwater tree well, regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil absorption strip;

第二,定期打开树井井盖,更换覆盖层。Second, open the tree well cover regularly and replace the cover.

本发明多功能雨水树井的运行过程如下:The operation process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is as follows:

当发生降雨时,附近路面雨水汇集后流入树井集水口,通过滤篮,由消能布水堰降低流速后,均匀进入树井主体;雨水在树井主体中由上向下依次通过覆盖层、基质层、碎石层和卵石层;后被卵石层中的集水支管收集,汇入集水主管,并流出雨水树井,排入市政雨水管网或进入雨水收集处理系统。When rainfall occurs, the rainwater from the nearby roads will flow into the tree well water collection port, pass through the filter basket, and the flow rate will be reduced by the energy dissipating water distribution weir, and then evenly enter the tree well main body; the rainwater will pass through the covering layer from top to bottom in the tree well main body. , matrix layer, gravel layer and pebble layer; then collected by the water collection branch pipe in the pebble layer, into the water collection main pipe, and out of the rainwater tree well, discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network or into the rainwater collection and treatment system.

在雨水净化的整个过程中,首先是雨水中的粗大杂质被滤篮机械截留去除,油脂和石油类物质被吸油条同步吸收;进入树井后,雨水中可通过滤篮的尺寸较小的固体杂质被覆盖层所截留,细颗粒杂质则被基质层过滤截留。雨水中溶解性的有机物、氨氮、重金属等污染物则首先被基质层中颗粒炭吸附脱除;后续被吸附截留的有机物可通过微生物的生物氧化、植物吸收等作用被进一步去除,氨氮通过微生物的生物脱氮作用被进一步去除,重金属通过植物吸收、提取作用被进一步去除。In the whole process of rainwater purification, firstly, the coarse impurities in the rainwater are mechanically intercepted and removed by the filter basket, and the grease and petroleum substances are simultaneously absorbed by the oil suction strip; after entering the tree well, the rainwater can pass through the filter basket. Smaller-sized solids Impurities are retained by the cover layer, and fine particles are retained by the matrix layer. Dissolved organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals and other pollutants in rainwater are first adsorbed and removed by granular carbon in the matrix layer; the organic matter that is subsequently adsorbed and retained can be further removed by microbial biological oxidation, plant absorption, etc., and ammonia nitrogen is absorbed by microorganisms. Biological denitrification is further removed, and heavy metals are further removed by plant absorption and extraction.

当发生暴雨时,汇入树井的雨水量超过填料层过流能力,树井内产生积水;当积水达到溢流管进水高度时,产生溢流;雨水由溢流管直接排入出水管路,提高树井排水能力,避免产生路面积水。When a rainstorm occurs, the amount of rainwater entering the tree well exceeds the overflow capacity of the packing layer, and water accumulation occurs in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe, overflow occurs; the rainwater is directly discharged into and out of the overflow pipe Water pipelines can improve the drainage capacity of tree wells and avoid the generation of road surface water.

雨水树井运行过程中,可通过简单日常维护,恢复和保持树井功能。During the operation of the rainwater tree well, the function of the tree well can be restored and maintained through simple daily maintenance.

本发明相比现有技术具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明根据城市道路边沿一般均设置有树井、花圃等绿化带,考虑将现有路面上的雨水篦子变为设置在绿化带中的具有雨水收集和处理功能的新型装置,则可较好的解决现有技术中存在的缺陷。According to the present invention, green belts such as tree wells and flower beds are generally arranged along the edges of urban roads. Considering that the rainwater grate on the existing road is changed into a new type of device with rainwater collection and treatment functions arranged in the green belt, it can better Solve the defects existing in the prior art.

本发明结构简单、设计巧妙、功能强大,可在保证雨天排水的同时,高效去除雨水中各类杂质、颗粒物、不溶性悬浮物及溶解性污染物,出水水质好;The invention has the advantages of simple structure, ingenious design and powerful functions, and can effectively remove various impurities, particulate matter, insoluble suspended solids and soluble pollutants in rainwater while ensuring drainage in rainy days, and the water quality of the effluent is good;

本发明建设费用低,占地规模小,可利用现有路边绿化带改造,运行维护简便,还具有景观绿化功能,在雨水资源化利用和海绵城市建设中具有极大的应用前景;The invention has low construction cost, small land occupation, can be reconstructed by using the existing roadside green belt, easy to operate and maintain, and has the function of landscape greening, and has great application prospects in the utilization of rainwater resources and the construction of sponge cities;

本发明提出了一种多功能雨水树井及运维方法,具有同步收集和净化雨水的功能,可克服现有道路雨水收集系统在功能和安全性上存在的缺陷。The invention proposes a multifunctional rainwater tree well and an operation and maintenance method, which has the function of synchronously collecting and purifying rainwater, and can overcome the defects in the function and safety of the existing road rainwater collection system.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明多功能雨水树井的俯视图(也作摘要附图);Fig. 1 is the top view of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention (also make the abstract accompanying drawing);

图2为本发明多功能雨水树井的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention;

图3为多功能雨水树井的侧面剖视图;Figure 3 is a side sectional view of a multifunctional rainwater tree well;

图4为多功能雨水树井集水口的结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional rainwater tree well water collection port;

图5为多功能雨水树井的集水管路示意图;Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the water collection pipeline of the multifunctional rainwater tree well;

图中,1-井壁,2-顶板,3-对开式井盖,4-植物,5-溢流管,6-覆盖层,7-基质层,8-砂石层,9-卵石层,10-集水支管,11-集水主管,12-固定螺栓,13-滤篮,14-消能布水堰,15-吸油条,16-路面,17集水口,18底板。In the figure, 1-well wall, 2-roof, 3-split manhole cover, 4-plant, 5-overflow pipe, 6-covering layer, 7-matrix layer, 8-sand layer, 9-pebble layer, 10-water collecting branch pipe, 11-water collecting main pipe, 12-fixing bolt, 13-filter basket, 14-energy dissipation weir, 15-oil suction strip, 16-road surface, 17-water collecting port, 18-bottom plate.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

实施例一:多功能雨水树井结构Example 1: Multifunctional rainwater tree well structure

如图1所示,本发明的多功能雨水树井,该多功能雨水树井设置在道路与绿化带(或人行道)交界处、绿化带(或人行道)一侧。该多功能雨水树井的主要结构包括:树井主体和集水管路。沿树井主体周围或一侧设有集水口。As shown in Figure 1, the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is arranged at the junction of the road and the green belt (or sidewalk), on one side of the green belt (or sidewalk). The main structure of the multi-functional rainwater tree well includes: the main body of the tree well and the water collection pipeline. A water collection port is arranged around or on one side of the main body of the tree well.

如图2和图3所示,树井主体呈立方体形,由顶板2、井壁1和底板18围成。顶板2中心设置圆形(或方形)对开式井盖3,便于树井的日常维护。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the main body of the tree well is in the shape of a cube, and is surrounded by a top plate 2 , a well wall 1 and a bottom plate 18 . A circular (or square) split manhole cover 3 is arranged in the center of the top plate 2 to facilitate the daily maintenance of the tree well.

如图4所示,集水口为树井雨水入口,由集水口17、滤篮13、消能布水堰14等部分构成。集水口17顶面由内向外呈渐开状,下底面由路面向树井主体倾斜下沉。As shown in FIG. 4 , the water collecting port is the rainwater inlet of the tree well, which is composed of the water collecting port 17 , the filter basket 13 , and the energy-dissipating water distribution weir 14 . The top surface of the water collecting port 17 is involute from the inside to the outside, and the lower bottom surface slopes and sinks from the road to the main body of the tree well.

消能布水堰14呈条状,沿集水口17长度方向设置于集水口17下底面后部。消能布水堰14截面为下部矩形、上部圆弧形;顶部沿长度方向水平、且低于路面10cm以上。消能布水堰14是滤篮固定与承托的基础。The energy dissipation water distribution weir 14 is in the shape of a strip, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water collection port 17 along the length direction of the water collection port 17 . The cross section of the energy dissipation weir 14 is rectangular in the lower part and arc in the upper part; the top is horizontal along the length direction and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. The energy dissipation weir 14 is the basis for fixing and supporting the filter basket.

滤篮13设置于集水口17内,形状与集水口17内部契合。滤篮13前部敞口,与路沿平齐,两侧可由螺栓12固定于路沿,周壁和后部由滤网封闭。滤篮13后部与消能布水堰14相接,内部下端设置吸油条15。吸油条15采用具有憎水亲油特性的高分子材料制成。The filter basket 13 is arranged in the water collecting port 17 , and its shape fits with the inside of the water collecting port 17 . The front part of the filter basket 13 is open and is flush with the road edge, the two sides can be fixed to the road edge by bolts 12, and the peripheral wall and the rear part are closed by the filter screen. The rear part of the filter basket 13 is connected with the energy dissipating water distribution weir 14, and an oil absorption strip 15 is arranged at the lower end of the inner part. The oil absorption strip 15 is made of a polymer material with hydrophobic and lipophilic properties.

树井主体内设置多层填料层,由上至下分别为:覆盖层6、基质层7、碎石层8和卵石层9。树井主体内填料层顶面高度低于集水区中消能布水堰14顶面高度10 cm。Multi-layer filler layers are arranged in the main body of the tree well, and from top to bottom are: a covering layer 6 , a matrix layer 7 , a crushed stone layer 8 and a pebble layer 9 . The height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the tree well is 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir 14 in the catchment area.

覆盖层6铺设发酵松鳞,厚度2~4 cm。发酵松鳞轻质、廉价、易得,便于清除与更换。The cover layer 6 is laid with fermented pine scales, with a thickness of 2-4 cm. Fermented pine scales are lightweight, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to remove and replace.

基质层7采用颗粒炭(活性炭或生物炭)、土壤和石英砂3种填料混合后铺设,质量比为1~2:2~4:5~8,厚度60~100 cm,3种填料按照一定比例混合。The matrix layer 7 is made of granular carbon (activated carbon or biochar), soil and quartz sand mixed with three kinds of fillers, the mass ratio is 1-2:2-4:5-8, the thickness is 60-100 cm, and the three kinds of fillers are in accordance with certain Proportional mix.

碎石层8铺设直径1~3 cm碎石(或细卵石),厚度10~15 cm;卵石层9铺设直径5~10 cm粗卵石,厚度15~20 cm。碎石层和卵石层的主要作用为承托基质层,并且是净化后雨水的收集场所。The gravel layer 8 is laid with gravel (or fine pebbles) with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm and a thickness of 10 to 15 cm; the pebble layer 9 is laid with coarse pebbles with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm and a thickness of 15 to 20 cm. The main function of the gravel layer and the pebble layer is to support the matrix layer and to collect the rainwater after purification.

如图5所示,集水管路包括集水主管11和集水支管10,同时还连接有溢流管5。As shown in FIG. 5 , the water collection pipeline includes a water collection main pipe 11 and a water collection branch pipe 10 , and is also connected with an overflow pipe 5 .

其中,集水主管11与集水支管10设置在树井底部的卵石层9中。集水支管10均匀水平设置,沿铅直45°角方向向下开有集水细孔,并与集水主管11垂直树状连接、左右对称排布。集水主管11沿道路方向水平设置于树井底部中线上,由树井一侧至另一侧后穿出树井井壁,并与市政雨水管网(或处理系统)相接。集水主管11在树井外侧设置向上弯管,管顶最高处低于井内碎石层顶面。Among them, the water collection main pipe 11 and the water collection branch pipe 10 are arranged in the pebble layer 9 at the bottom of the tree well. The water collecting branch pipes 10 are arranged evenly and horizontally, and the water collecting fine holes are opened downward along the vertical 45° angle direction, and are connected with the water collecting main pipe 11 in a vertical tree shape and are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides. The water collection main pipe 11 is horizontally arranged on the middle line of the bottom of the tree well along the road direction, passes through the wall of the tree well from one side of the tree well to the other side, and is connected with the municipal rainwater pipe network (or treatment system). The water collection main pipe 11 is provided with an upward curved pipe outside the tree well, and the highest point of the top of the pipe is lower than the top surface of the gravel layer in the well.

溢流管5铅直设置在树井远离路面侧两内角附近;上部接防堵塞滤头,高于填料层顶面5cm以上,但低于消能布水堰14顶面;下部与集水支管10相接。The overflow pipe 5 is vertically arranged near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road surface; the upper part is connected to the anti-clogging filter head, which is more than 5cm above the top surface of the packing layer, but lower than the top surface of the energy dissipating water distribution weir 14; the lower part is connected to the water collection branch pipe 10 connected.

实施例二:多功能雨水树井运维方法Embodiment 2: Operation and maintenance method of multi-functional rainwater tree well

本发明多功能雨水树井使用过程如下:The use process of the multifunctional rainwater tree well of the present invention is as follows:

当发生降雨时,附近路面雨水汇集后流入树井集水口17,通过滤篮13,由消能布水堰14降低流速后,均匀进入树井主体;雨水在树井主体中由上向下依次通过覆盖层6、基质层7、碎石层8和卵石层9;后被卵石层9中的集水支管10收集,汇入集水主管11,并流出雨水树井,排入市政雨水管网或进入雨水收集处理系统。When rainfall occurs, the rainwater from the nearby roads will be collected and flow into the tree well water collecting port 17. After passing through the filter basket 13, the energy dissipation weir 14 will reduce the flow rate and evenly enter the tree well body; the rainwater will flow in the tree well body from top to bottom in order It passes through the covering layer 6, the matrix layer 7, the gravel layer 8 and the pebble layer 9; it is then collected by the water collection branch pipe 10 in the pebble layer 9, and merges into the water collection main pipe 11, and flows out of the rainwater tree well, and is discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network or into the rainwater collection and treatment system.

当发生暴雨时,汇入树井的雨水量超过填料层过流能力,树井内产生积水;当积水达到溢流管5进水高度时,产生溢流;雨水由溢流管5直接排入出水管路,提高树井排水能力,避免产生路面积水。When a heavy rain occurs, the amount of rainwater entering the tree well exceeds the overflow capacity of the packing layer, and water accumulates in the tree well; when the accumulated water reaches the water inlet height of the overflow pipe 5, overflow occurs; the rainwater is directly discharged from the overflow pipe 5 The water inlet and outlet pipelines can improve the drainage capacity of tree wells and avoid the generation of road surface water.

雨水树井运行过程中,可通过简单日常维护,恢复和保持树井功能。During the operation of the rainwater tree well, the function of the tree well can be restored and maintained through simple daily maintenance.

主要日常维护工作包括:(1)定期清除滤篮中杂物,更换吸油条;(2)定期打开树井井盖,更换覆盖层。The main daily maintenance work includes: (1) Regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil suction strip; (2) Regularly open the tree well cover and replace the covering layer.

Claims (10)

1.一种多功能雨水树井结构,该结构配套设置于车行道与人行道的交界位置,或设置于道路绿化带附近,用于疏导、收集和净化雨水;其特征在于:1. a multifunctional rainwater tree well structure, which is arranged at the junction position of the roadway and the sidewalk, or is arranged near the road green belt, for dredging, collecting and purifying rainwater; it is characterized in that: 主要包括:树井主体和集水管路;所述树井主体由四周井壁、底板、以及顶板围成,所述顶板为篦子结构并设有供植物生长的开口;It mainly includes: a tree well main body and a water collection pipeline; the tree well main body is surrounded by surrounding well walls, a bottom plate, and a top plate, and the top plate is a grate structure and is provided with an opening for plant growth; 树井主体内部为水体净化的填料层,所述填料层由上至下依次为覆盖层、基质层、碎石层和卵石层,卵石层内布置所述集水管路,集水管路还连接有溢流管,溢流管上口伸出填料层顶面;所述顶板的下部,沿树井主体周围或一侧设有集水口,集水口处设有滤篮和消能布水堰;树井主体内填料层顶面的高度应低于消能布水堰顶面高度10 cm以上。Inside the main body of the tree well is a packing layer for water purification. The packing layer is a covering layer, a matrix layer, a gravel layer and a pebble layer in order from top to bottom. The water collecting pipeline is arranged in the pebble layer, and the water collecting pipeline is also connected with The overflow pipe, the upper mouth of the overflow pipe protrudes from the top surface of the packing layer; the lower part of the top plate is provided with a water collection port along the main body of the tree well or on one side, and the water collection port is provided with a filter basket and an energy dissipating water distribution weir; The height of the top surface of the packing layer in the main body of the well should be more than 10 cm lower than the height of the top surface of the energy dissipation weir. 2.根据权利要求1所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:所述覆盖层为发酵松鳞层,厚度2~4 cm。2 . The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 1 , wherein the covering layer is a fermented pine scale layer with a thickness of 2-4 cm. 3 . 3.根据权利要求2所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:所述基质层为植物根系生长、附着与固定层,采用颗粒炭/活性炭/生物炭、土壤和石英砂三种混合填料铺设而成,厚度60~100cm,三种成份的质量比为1~2:2~4:5~8。3. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the matrix layer is a plant root growth, attachment and fixed layer, and three kinds of mixed fillers of granular carbon/activated carbon/biochar, soil and quartz sand are used It is laid, the thickness is 60-100cm, and the mass ratio of the three components is 1-2:2-4:5-8. 4.根据权利要求3所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:砂石层厚度为10~15cm;铺设直径1~3 cm碎石或细卵石。4. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the thickness of the sandstone layer is 10-15 cm; 5.根据权利要求4所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:卵石层厚度为15~20cm;铺设直径5~10 cm粗卵石。5. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the thickness of the pebble layer is 15-20 cm; 6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:集水管包括集水主管和集水支管,二者相互连接设置在树井底部的卵石层中。6. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the water collecting pipe comprises a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting branch pipe, which are connected to each other and arranged in the pebble layer at the bottom of the tree well. 7.根据权利要求6所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:消能布水堰呈条状,沿集水口长度方向设置于集水口下底面后部;消能布水堰截面为下部矩形、上部圆弧形;顶部沿长度方向水平、且低于路面10cm以上。7. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the energy-dissipating water distribution weir is in strip shape, and is arranged at the rear of the lower bottom surface of the water-collecting port along the length direction of the water-collecting port; the cross-section of the energy-dissipating water-distributing weir is the lower part. Rectangular, upper arc-shaped; the top is horizontal along the length direction, and is more than 10cm lower than the road surface. 8.根据权利要求7所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:集水口呈喇叭口状;滤篮设置于集水口内,形状与集水口内部契合;吸油条设置在消能布水堰前部。8. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: the water collecting port is in the shape of a bell mouth; the filter basket is arranged in the water collecting port, and the shape fits inside the water collecting port; Front part. 9.根据权利要求8所述多功能雨水树井结构,其特征在于:溢流管铅直设置在树井远离路面侧两内角附近,上部设防堵塞滤头,高于填料层顶面5cm以上;树井主体顶板采用中心带孔的对开式井盖结构。9. The multifunctional rainwater tree well structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the overflow pipe is vertically arranged near the two inner corners of the tree well away from the road side, and the upper part is fortified to block the filter head, which is higher than the top surface of the packing layer by more than 5cm; The roof of the main body of the tree well adopts a split manhole cover structure with a hole in the center. 10.一种多功能雨水树井的运维方法,采用权利要求1-9所述多功能雨水树井结构,运维步骤如下:10. An operation and maintenance method for a multifunctional rainwater tree well, using the multifunctional rainwater tree well structure described in claims 1-9, and the operation and maintenance steps are as follows: 1)多功能雨水树井运行过程中,定期清除滤篮中杂物,更换吸油条;1) During the operation of the multi-functional rainwater tree well, regularly remove the sundries in the filter basket and replace the oil absorption strip; 2)定期打开树井井盖,更换覆盖层。2) Open the tree well cover regularly and replace the covering layer.
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