CN110715857A - Testing device for packer rubber cylinder - Google Patents
Testing device for packer rubber cylinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110715857A CN110715857A CN201810768812.9A CN201810768812A CN110715857A CN 110715857 A CN110715857 A CN 110715857A CN 201810768812 A CN201810768812 A CN 201810768812A CN 110715857 A CN110715857 A CN 110715857A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- autoclave
- packer
- pressure
- testing device
- packer rubber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a testing device for a packer rubber cylinder, which is used for testing the deformation condition of the packer rubber cylinder and comprises an autoclave and a rubber cylinder pressurizing tool arranged in the autoclave, wherein the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool is constructed to be capable of fixing a full-size packer rubber cylinder and pressurizing the packer rubber cylinder; and the pressurizing device is arranged in the autoclave, is connected with the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool and provides pressure for the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool. The invention can provide the environment of high pressure, high temperature and acid gas to test the deformation condition of the packer rubber cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device for a packer rubber cylinder, which is used for testing the deformation of the packer rubber cylinder under the working conditions of high temperature and high pressure.
Background
The packer rubber cylinder is a cylindrical elastic sealing device used for the layered exploitation, test, water injection, acidification and fracturing of oil and gas fields. The packer packing can be used for sealing off the shape space between the tubular columns with various sizes and the well hole, isolating the production zone, controlling the production fluid and protecting the downhole tools of the casing.
At present, gas wells newly explored and developed in China mostly contain a certain amount of H2S、CO2And the like, which are highly corrosive. This places high demands on the sulfur resistance of the packer rubber material. The packer used in many acid oil fields at present is basically an imported product, and the cost is high. To reduce costs and advance the advancement of domestic materials, the independent development of sulfur-resistant rubber materials is required. But no device capable of simulating the performance of the packer rubber barrel of a rubber finished product under a working condition environment exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a testing device for a packer rubber barrel, which can provide environments of high pressure, high temperature and acid gas so as to test the deformation condition of the packer rubber barrel.
The invention provides a testing device for a packer rubber barrel, which comprises:
the pressure of the high-pressure kettle is increased,
the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool is arranged in the autoclave, and is constructed to fix a full-size packer rubber sleeve and pressurize the packer rubber sleeve; and
and the pressurizing device is arranged in the autoclave and is connected with the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool and provides pressure for the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool.
The invention has the further improvement that the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool comprises: the base is arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure kettle and is provided with a simulation oil pipe; and an upper pressure head connected with the pressurizing device;
and the packer rubber sleeve is fixed between the simulation oil pipe and the upper pressure head.
The invention is further improved in that the middle part of the upper pressure head is provided with a bolt connected with the base.
The invention has the further improvement that the upper end of the simulation oil pipe is provided with a lower gasket, and the bottom of the upper pressure head is provided with an upper gasket;
wherein the packer rubber is fixed between the upper gasket and the lower gasket.
The autoclave is further improved in that the autoclave comprises an autoclave body, a autoclave cover is arranged at the top of the autoclave body, and the autoclave body and the autoclave cover are hermetically connected through a plurality of fastening bolts.
The invention has the further improvement that an air inlet pipe extending into the autoclave body is arranged on the autoclave cover, and an air inlet valve is arranged at the part of the air inlet pipe positioned outside the autoclave; and an exhaust valve is arranged on the kettle cover.
The invention has the further improvement that the kettle cover is provided with a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature in the high-pressure kettle and a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure in the high-pressure kettle;
the temperature measurement comprises a temperature control box arranged outside the high-pressure kettle and a temperature measurement probe connected with the temperature control box, wherein the temperature measurement probe extends into the high-pressure kettle.
The invention is further improved in that the pressurizing device comprises a hydraulic pump head fixed below the kettle cover, and the hydraulic pump head is connected with a hydraulic pump station; and the bottom of the hydraulic pump head is connected with the upper pressure head through a pump pressure transmission ring.
The invention is further improved in that an upper stop plate for limiting the upward movement of the hydraulic pump head is arranged on the kettle cover; and the kettle cover changes the position of the kettle body in the horizontal direction through a hydraulic lifting device.
The further improvement of the invention is that the autoclave and the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool are both made of nickel-based alloy materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the testing device for the packer rubber barrel can provide high-pressure, high-temperature and acidic environments to test the deformation condition of the packer rubber barrel. Wherein, the autoclave can simulate high temperature, high pressure and acid environment to through bolted connection, not only the leakproofness is good, the dismouting of still being convenient for, packer packing element pressurization frock can test the packer packing element of all sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus for a packer rubber in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the drawings is as follows: 1. the device comprises an autoclave, 2, a rubber sleeve pressurizing tool, 3, a pressurizing device, 11, a kettle body, 12, a kettle cover, 13, a fastening bolt, 14, an air inlet valve, 15, an exhaust valve, 16, a pressure gauge, 17, a temperature measuring device, 18, a temperature measuring probe, 21, a base, 22, a simulation oil pipe, 23, a packer rubber sleeve, 24, an upper pressure head, 25, an upper gasket, 26, a lower gasket, 27, a bolt, 31, a hydraulic pump head, 32 and a pump pressure transmission ring.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a testing apparatus for a packer rubber in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The testing device for the packer rubber can provide an environment with high pressure, high temperature and acid gas to test the deformation condition of the packer rubber 23.
As shown in fig. 1, the testing device for packer rubber according to the present embodiment includes an autoclave 1. The autoclave 1 is capable of providing a high temperature, high pressure environment for testing the packer elements 23. The high-pressure autoclave is characterized in that a rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 is arranged in the high-pressure autoclave 1, the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 is constructed to be capable of fixing packer rubber sleeves 23 of all sizes, and a pressurizing test is carried out on the packer rubber sleeves 23. In this embodiment the testing arrangement still includes pressure device 3, pressure device 3 is connected packing element pressurization frock 2, and pressure device 3 is for packing element pressurization frock 2 provides pressure.
In the testing device for a packer rubber according to the present embodiment, a packer rubber 23 to be tested is fixed in the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2, and the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 is fixed in the autoclave 1. And providing pressure for the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 through the pressurizing device 3, so that the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 pressurizes the packer rubber sleeve 23, and thus the deformation condition of the packer rubber sleeve 23 in a high-pressure and high-temperature environment is tested.
In one embodiment, the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool 2 comprises a base 21, and the base 21 is arranged at the bottom of the autoclave 1. The base 21 is provided with a simulation oil pipe 22. The rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 in this embodiment further includes an upper pressure head 24. Wherein the packer rubber 23 is fixed between the simulation oil pipe 22 and the upper pressure head 24.
In the testing device for the packer rubber according to the present embodiment, when the packer rubber 23 is installed, the lower end of the packer rubber 23 is fitted over the simulation oil pipe 22, and the upper ram 24 is placed on the upper end of the packer rubber 23. After the packer rubber 23 is installed, a pressure device is connected with the upper pressure head 24 and used for providing pressure for the rubber pressurizing tool 22.
In one embodiment, the middle of the upper ram 24 is provided with a bolt 27 that is connected to the base 21. In this embodiment, the upper ram 24 is in the shape of a disk. And a groove is arranged at the top of the upper pressure head 24, and a screw hole is arranged in the groove. The bolt 27 is screwed in through the screw hole, and the head of the bolt 27 is positioned in the groove. The upper pressure head 24 and the base 21 are connected through a bolt 27 to fix the pressure head
In one embodiment, the upper end of the simulated oil pipe 22 is provided with a lower gasket 25, and the bottom of the upper ram 24 is provided with an upper gasket 25. Wherein the packer rubber 23 is fixed between the upper gasket 25 and the lower gasket 25. In this embodiment, the upper pad 25 and the lower pad 25 are both in a disc shape, and the upper pad 25 and the lower pad 25 have a larger diameter to satisfy the full-size packer rubber 23.
In one embodiment, the autoclave 1 comprises a kettle body 11, a kettle cover 12 is arranged on the top of the kettle body 11, and the kettle body 11 and the kettle cover 12 are hermetically connected through a plurality of fastening bolts 13. In this embodiment, the vessel body 11 and the vessel cover 12 are tightly coupled by 12 high-strength fastening bolts 13. When the nuts of the fastening bolts 13 are fastened, 12 nuts are uniformly tightened by using a torque wrench with a settable torque value through cross diagonal force, so that the sealing surfaces are prevented from being crushed by force unevenly. The kettle body 11 and the kettle cover 12 are sealed through the fastening bolts 13, hard sealing can be achieved, and meanwhile, disassembly and assembly are facilitated.
In one embodiment, the cover 12 is provided with an air inlet pipe extending into the autoclave body 11, and the portion of the air inlet pipe located outside the autoclave 1 is provided with an air inlet valve 14. And an exhaust valve 15 is arranged on the kettle cover 12. The autoclave 1 of the present embodiment can adjust the air pressure inside the autoclave body 11 by controlling the air intake valve 14 and the air exhaust valve 15. When the pressure in the autoclave 1 is larger, the pressure is released through the exhaust valve 15, so that the safety of the autoclave 1 is ensured. According to the present embodiment, the gas inlet pipe is capable of introducing H into the autoclave 12S、CO2And the like to simulate the downhole environment.
In one embodiment, the cover 12 is provided with a temperature measuring device 17 for measuring the temperature inside the autoclave 1, and a pressure gauge 16 for measuring the pressure inside the autoclave 1. The temperature measuring device 17 is used to measure the temperature inside the autoclave 1. The pressure gauge 16 is capable of measuring the pressure inside the autoclave 1 so as to accurately record the pressure at the time of the deformation test of the packer rubber 23.
In the testing device for the packer rubber according to the embodiment, the temperature measurement comprises a temperature control box arranged outside the autoclave 1 and a temperature measurement probe 18 connected with the temperature control box, and the temperature measurement probe 18 extends into the autoclave 1. The autoclave cover 12 is provided with a through hole, and the temperature measuring probe 18 extends into the autoclave 1 through the through hole and is fixed with the through hole in a sealing way. And the portion located outside is connected to a temperature control tank to measure the temperature inside the autoclave 1.
In one embodiment, the pressurizing device 3 comprises a hydraulic pump head 31, the hydraulic pump head 31 is fixed on the lower surface of the kettle cover 12, and a hydraulic pump station outside the autoclave 1 is connected through the kettle cover 12. And the bottom of the hydraulic pump head 31 is connected to the upper head 24 by a pump pressure transfer ring 32. In a test apparatus using the packer rubber 23 according to the present embodiment, a hydraulic pump station supplies pressure to the hydraulic pump head 31, and the hydraulic pump head 31 applies pressure to the upper pressing plate, so that the upper pressing plate applies pressure to the packer rubber 23, thereby measuring the deformation of the packer rubber 23.
In one embodiment, the kettle cover 12 is provided with an upper stop plate for limiting the upward movement of the hydraulic pump head 31. The upward movement of the hydraulic pump head 31 can be limited by arranging the upper stop plate, and the pressure is completely transmitted to the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool 2. In this embodiment, the kettle cover 12 is changed in position in the horizontal direction on the kettle body 11 by a hydraulic lifting device. The kettle cover 12 moves up and down through the hydraulic lifting device without manual moving, thereby reducing the labor intensity.
In one embodiment, the autoclave 1 and the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool 2 are both made of nickel-based alloy materials, so that corrosion in a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-acid environment can be avoided. The rest parts can be made of stainless steel.
In using the testing device for a packer rubber according to the present embodiment, the packer rubber 23 is first put on the simulation oil pipe 22, and the upper pad 25 is installed on the upper portion of the packer rubber 23 and the lower pad 25 is installed on the lower portion. After that, the press head 24 is mounted, and the entire rubber sleeve pressurizing tool 2 is fastened by the bolt 27. Then, the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool 2 is placed in the cylindrical kettle body 11, and the pumping pressure transmission ring 32 and the hydraulic pump head 31 are placed on the rubber cylinder pressurizing tool. Finally, the vessel cover 12 is closed and tightened with the fastening bolts 13. The pump transfer ring 32 is provided with an opening of suitable size to allow a torque wrench to be inserted to tighten the bolt 27. When pressurizing, the hydraulic pump head 31 can only move downward because the upper surface of the hydraulic pump head 31 is restricted by the tank cover 12, and transmits the pressure to the pump pressure transmission ring 32, and then applies the pressure to the packer rubber 23 through the upper gasket 25. When the pressure reaches the setting pressure, the bolts 27 are tightened with a torque wrench from the opening in the pump transfer ring 32 to maintain the setting pressure. Then, the fastening bolts 13 on the kettle cover 12 are removed, the kettle cover 12 is lifted, the hydraulic pump head 31 and the pump pressure transmission ring 32 are taken away, the kettle cover 12 is closed, and all the fastening bolts 13 are screwed down by uniform force in a cross diagonal manner. The temperature is increased to the designated temperature, the temperature is tested by the temperature measuring probe 18, the gas with the designated pressure is introduced through the air inlet valve 14, and the pressure value is displayed by the pressure gauge 16.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A testing device for a packer rubber, comprising:
an autoclave (1) is provided,
the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool (2) is arranged in the autoclave (1), and the rubber sleeve pressurizing tool (2) is configured to fix a full-size packer rubber sleeve (23) and pressurize the packer rubber sleeve (23); and
the rubber tube pressing device comprises a pressing device (3) arranged in the high-pressure kettle (1), wherein the pressing device (3) is connected with the rubber tube pressing tool (2) and provides pressure for the rubber tube pressing tool (2).
2. The testing device for packer elements according to claim 1, characterised in that the element (2) comprises: the base (21) is arranged at the bottom of the autoclave (1), and the base (21) is provided with a simulation oil pipe (22); and an upper ram (24) connected to the pressing device (3);
wherein the packer rubber sleeve (23) is fixed between the simulation oil pipe (22) and the upper pressure head (24).
3. Testing device for packer elements according to claim 2, characterised in that the middle of the upper ram (24) is provided with a bolt (27) connecting the base (21).
4. A testing device for a packer rubber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper end of the simulation oil pipe (22) is provided with a lower gasket (25), and the bottom of the upper ram (24) is provided with an upper gasket (25);
wherein the packer rubber (23) is fixed between the upper gasket (25) and the lower gasket (25).
5. The testing device for the packer rubber according to claim 4, characterized in that the autoclave (1) comprises an autoclave body (11), a autoclave cover (12) is arranged on the top of the autoclave body (11), and the autoclave body (11) and the autoclave cover (12) are hermetically connected through a plurality of fastening bolts (13).
6. The testing device for the packer rubber according to claim 5, wherein an air inlet pipe extending into the kettle body (11) is arranged on the kettle cover (12), and an air inlet valve (14) is arranged on the part of the air inlet pipe, which is positioned outside the autoclave (1); and an exhaust valve (15) is arranged on the kettle cover (12).
7. The testing device for packer rubber according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the autoclave cover (12) is provided with a temperature measuring device (17) for measuring the temperature inside the autoclave (1) and a pressure gauge (16) for measuring the pressure inside the autoclave (1);
the temperature measurement comprises a temperature control box arranged outside the autoclave (1) and a temperature measurement probe (18) connected with the temperature control box, wherein the temperature measurement probe (18) extends into the autoclave (1).
8. The testing device for packer rubber according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the pressurizing device (3) comprises a hydraulic pump head (31) fixed under the kettle cover (12), the hydraulic pump head (31) being connected to a hydraulic pump station; and the bottom of the hydraulic pump head (31) is connected with the upper pressure head (24) through a pump pressure transmission ring (32).
9. The testing device for the packer rubber according to claim 8, wherein an upper stop plate for limiting the upward movement of the hydraulic pump head (31) is arranged on the kettle cover (12); and the kettle cover (12) changes the position of the kettle body (11) in the horizontal direction through a hydraulic lifting device.
10. The testing device for the packer rubber according to claim 9, wherein the autoclave (1) and the rubber pressurizing tool (2) are both made of nickel-based alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768812.9A CN110715857A (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Testing device for packer rubber cylinder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768812.9A CN110715857A (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Testing device for packer rubber cylinder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110715857A true CN110715857A (en) | 2020-01-21 |
Family
ID=69208491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810768812.9A Pending CN110715857A (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Testing device for packer rubber cylinder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110715857A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2123566A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1984-02-01 | Hawk Ind Inc | Packer assemblies for high-pressure leak-testing apparatus |
| CN201372765Y (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2009-12-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Testing device of rubber cylinder of packer |
| CN102879321A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-16 | 西南石油大学 | Method for simulating high-temperature and high-pressure down-hole packer rubber corrosion test |
| CN202903604U (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-04-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Bridge plug, packing element of packer and packing element testing arrangement |
| CN203941161U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-11-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The ageing test apparatus of simulation packing element under actual working conditions |
-
2018
- 2018-07-13 CN CN201810768812.9A patent/CN110715857A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2123566A (en) * | 1979-05-23 | 1984-02-01 | Hawk Ind Inc | Packer assemblies for high-pressure leak-testing apparatus |
| CN201372765Y (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2009-12-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Testing device of rubber cylinder of packer |
| CN102879321A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-16 | 西南石油大学 | Method for simulating high-temperature and high-pressure down-hole packer rubber corrosion test |
| CN202903604U (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-04-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Bridge plug, packing element of packer and packing element testing arrangement |
| CN203941161U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-11-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The ageing test apparatus of simulation packing element under actual working conditions |
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Application publication date: 20200121 |