CN110692295B - An intelligent compound seeder suitable for operation on rice stubble high-humidity land - Google Patents

An intelligent compound seeder suitable for operation on rice stubble high-humidity land Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110692295B
CN110692295B CN201911113024.7A CN201911113024A CN110692295B CN 110692295 B CN110692295 B CN 110692295B CN 201911113024 A CN201911113024 A CN 201911113024A CN 110692295 B CN110692295 B CN 110692295B
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China
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frame
rotary tillage
seed metering
speed measuring
flail
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CN110692295A (en
Inventor
何瑞银
张一帆
林维清
汤永莉
石蕾
张卫建
江海东
丁启朔
刘正辉
段庆飞
方锐
宋明翰
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent compound seeder suitable for rice stubble high-wetland block operation. Comprises a frame, a hanging mechanism connected with the frame, a straw cleaning mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism, a ditching mechanism, a seed metering mechanism, a speed measuring mechanism and a floating plate. When in operation, the suspension mechanism is used for connecting the frame to the agricultural machinery; the straw cleaning mechanism is used for cleaning straw on the sowing belt to finish cleaning operation; the rotary tillage mechanism is driven by independent power to perform belt rotary tillage operation; the ditching mechanism can freely adjust the ditch shape of the drainage ditch to be ditched; the floating plate can press the straws on two sides of the seeding belt and provide enough buoyancy; the speed measuring mechanism can collect the current running speed of the machine tool in real time, and the combined seed metering motor controls the seed metering process, so that precision seeding and missing seeding detection are realized. The invention can meet the seeding operation requirement of the high-wetland block, and solves the problem that the seeder in the prior art cannot work on the high-wetland block.

Description

Intelligent compound seeder suitable for high-wetland block operation of rice stubble
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an intelligent compound seeder suitable for rice stubble high-wetland block operation.
Background
In recent years, the rainfall in the multicast season in the downstream region of the Yangtze river is too large, and the rainfall duration in the sowing season in certain regions is too long. According to research, the total rainfall in the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze river is increasing year by year. Objectively, the number of wet and rotten land blocks in the sowing season is increased. The existing machine tools can not sow in the ground in the wet rotten land, and can not operate in the ground until the soil is dried in the sun to a certain extent, so that the later sowing and the later planting are caused. The large amount of late seeding, late planting means planting rushed planting, while the rushed planting form is currently mainly used for increasing the operation speed of the machine, and the speed of seeding is accelerated, which inevitably leads to the degradation of seeding quality. Meanwhile, the sowing time is delayed from the proper sowing period, so that the germination and emergence of seeds are greatly influenced, and the yield is further influenced. Therefore, the competing sowing time is significant to farmers. In order to ensure that farmers can normally sow in wet rotten land to fight against sowing time, the harm of late sowing is reduced, and thus the benefits of the farmers are ensured. In combination with the current popularization of clean-area sowing technology, the yield is improved, and the research on a sowing machine capable of sowing in the clean area on wet and rotten land is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent compound seeder suitable for rice stubble high-wetland block operation, and solves the technical problem that the seeder in the prior art cannot sow in the wetland block.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block operation, which is characterized in that: the rotary tillage machine comprises a rack, and a hanging rack, a flail knife, a guide plate, rotary tillage knives, a seed sowing device and a floating plate which are connected to the rack, wherein a plurality of groups of the flail knife, the guide plate, the rotary tillage knives and the seed sowing device are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the floating plate and the seed sowing device are alternately arranged; the rack is used for connecting the rack to agricultural machinery, the flail knife and the rotary blade are respectively connected to the rack through a flail knife shaft and a rotary blade shaft, the flail knife shaft or the rotary blade shaft is connected with a power device for driving the rotary blade and the flail knife to rotate, and the flail knife shaft and the rotary blade shaft are connected through a transmission mechanism.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that the power device is an engine connected with the frame, and the power output end of the engine is connected with the rotary tillage cutter shaft.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that the transmission mechanism is a belt, the rotary tillage cutter shaft is provided with a driving belt wheel, the flail cutter shaft is provided with a driven belt wheel, and the belt is connected with the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that the frame is also connected with a ditching shovel with adjustable ditching depth, and a plow curved surface ditcher with adjustable width is further arranged at the rear of the ditching shovel.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that a seeding frame is further arranged at the rear of the frame, and the floating plate and the seed sowing device are sequentially and alternately connected to the seeding frame.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation further comprises a speed measuring wheel, wherein the speed measuring wheel is used for controlling the seed sowing speed of the seed sowing device.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that the speed measuring wheel is connected with the frame through a speed measuring wheel connecting rod.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that the advancing end of the floating plate is also provided with a tilted edge.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation comprises a front suspension bracket connected with an agricultural machine and a rear suspension bracket connected with a frame, wherein the front suspension bracket and the rear suspension bracket are connected through a connecting rod.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the intelligent compound seeder suitable for the rice stubble high-wetland block operation is characterized in that a soil retaining cover connected to a frame is further arranged at the rear part of the rotary tillage cutter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention can meet the sowing requirement of the high-humidity rotten land block and solve the problem that the sowing machine in the prior art cannot work in the muddy land. And can complete the operations of cleaning area, rotary tillage, middle ditching and sowing at one time, and realize the functions of sowing four rows at one time, adjustable sowing quantity, electric control of sowing quantity and adjustable ditch shape.
The rotary tillage blade and the flail knife are provided with the independent power devices, so that independent rotary tillage can be carried out without depending on the output power of agricultural machinery, and the riding type rice transplanter can be used as traction power.
The rotary tillage blades are all installed inwards, and furrows appear between two adjacent groups of ridges in the middle after rotary tillage. The seeding device can effectively improve the seed emergence rate of the wet rotten land after sowing seeds on the ridges.
The straw cleaning operation is completed by the flail knife and the guide plates, the flail knife rotates to crush the straw and throw the crushed straw backwards, and the guide plates shunt the crushed straw to two sides of the seeding belt, so that the straw cleaning operation can be effectively performed, and the problem of straw congestion is avoided.
The ditching depth of the ditching shovel can be adjusted, and the width of the plow curved surface ditcher can be adjusted. The plow curved surface ditcher has Fugou functions, so that soil after ditching is prevented from backfilling into the ditches, and the ditches are prevented from collapsing.
The floating plate can press the straw in the unclean area. The speed measuring wheel can adjust the seed sowing speed of the seed sowing device according to the current walking speed, so that the sowing speed is matched with the walking speed.
The invention is suitable for sowing wheat and rape in rice stubble, and can be used for sowing other crops according to actual conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first overall block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second overall block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention (hidden rack);
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the curved furrow opener of the present invention;
Meaning of reference numerals: 1-a front suspension bracket; 2-a rear suspension bracket; 3-a soil blocking cover; 4-sowing a frame; 5-a speed measuring wheel; 6-floating plate; 7-a frame; 8-flail knife; 9, a speed measuring wheel connecting rod; 10-seed metering motor; 11-rotary tillage cutter; 12-rotary tillage cutter shafts; 13-plow curved surface furrow opener; 131-supporting plates; 132-a chute; 14-a seed sowing device; 71-an engine; 19-a ditching shovel; 81-a deflector; 61-edge warping; 72-a belt; 82-a knife shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4: the embodiment discloses an intelligent compound seeder suitable for rice stubble high-wetland block operation, which comprises a rack 7, and a hanging rack, a flail knife 8, a guide plate 81, a rotary tillage knife 11, a seed metering device 14 and a floating plate 6 which are connected with the rack 7. Wherein, the flail knife 8, the guide plate 81, the rotary tillage knife 11 and the seed sowing device 14 are all arranged in sequence from front to back (see thick solid line in fig. 3). The floating plate 6 and the seed metering device 14 are alternately arranged in the left-right direction, and the walking direction of the whole machine can be understood as follows when the normal operation is performed from front to back in the embodiment: during normal walking, the flail knife 8, the guide plate 81, the rotary tillage knife 11 and the seed sowing device 14 work sequentially from front to back. "left-right direction" is understood to mean the transverse direction, i.e. the direction perpendicular to the machine travel.
The hanger is used for connecting the frame 7 to agricultural machinery, and flail knife 8, rotary blade 11 are respectively through getting rid of arbor 82, rotary blade arbor 12 and are connected in frame 7, get rid of arbor 82 or rotary blade arbor 12 and connect the power device who is used for driving rotary blade 11 and flail knife 8 rotatory, are connected through drive mechanism between flail knife arbor 82, the rotary blade arbor 12.
The power device of the embodiment is an engine 71 connected to the frame 7, and the power output end of the engine 16 is connected to the rotary blade shaft 12 (a transmission case and a gearbox can be arranged in the middle). The transmission mechanism is a belt 72, the rotary tillage cutter shaft 12 is provided with a driving belt pulley, the throwing cutter shaft 82 is provided with a driven belt pulley, and the belt 72 is connected with the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.
The frame 7 of this embodiment is also preferably provided with a ditching shovel 19, and the ditching products 19 are preferably arranged at the transverse center of the frame 7, and when there are four rows of flail knife 8, guide plate 81, rotary blade 11 and seed metering device 14, for example, two rows of ditching products 19 are respectively arranged at two sides.
Referring to fig. 4: the rear of the ditching shovel 19 is also provided with a plow curved surface ditcher 13 with adjustable width, the plow curved surface ditcher 13 is provided with two planes, the opposite surfaces of the two planes are provided with a supporting plate 131 and a chute 132, the angle between the two planes can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the supporting plate 131 relative to the chute 132, then the effective width adjustment of the plow curved surface ditcher 13 is realized, the plow curved surface ditcher 13 has a ditching protection function, and soil backfilling into a ditch after ditching is avoided.
A seeding machine frame 4 is also arranged behind the machine frame 7, and the seeding machine frame 4 can be regarded as an extension part of the machine frame 7, namely a subsidiary machine frame of the machine frame 7. Both the floating plate 6 and the seed sowing device 14 are connected to the seeding frame 4, wherein the floating plate 6 is connected to the lower part of the seeding frame 4.
The embodiment also comprises a tachometer wheel 5, wherein a wheel shaft of the tachometer wheel 5 is connected with a tachometer sensor, such as an encoder, and the tachometer sensor feeds back the current walking speed to a rotating speed control device of the seed sowing motor 10 for controlling the seed sowing speed of the seed sowing device 14.
The tachometer wheel 5 is connected to the frame 7 by a tachometer wheel link 9. The tachometer wheel connecting rod 9 and the frame 7 are connected in a hinged mode, and in a natural state, the tachometer wheel 5 and the tachometer wheel connecting rod 9 are connected with the ground surface through dead weight.
In order to improve the passing performance of the floating plate 6, in this embodiment, the advancing end of the floating plate 6 is preferably further provided with a raised edge 61, and the raised edge 61 is streamlined and can effectively press the straw in the unclean area, thereby improving the passing performance.
The hanger of this embodiment includes a front hanger 1 connected to the agricultural machine, a rear hanger 2 connected to a frame 7, and the front hanger 1 and the rear hanger 2 are connected by a connecting rod. Therefore, the front hanging frame 1, the rear hanging frame 2 and the connecting rod can form a quadrilateral, the quadrilateral has certain deformability in a certain range, and the height adjustment of the whole machine relative to the agricultural machinery can be met.
The rear of the rotary blade 11 is also provided with a soil retaining cover 3 connected with the frame 7, and the soil retaining cover 3 can prevent the soil thrown by the rotary blade 11 from interfering with the sowing operation during the rotary tillage operation.
During operation, the front hanging frame 1 connects the whole machine to the tail of the agricultural machine, the whole machine walks forward under the traction of the agricultural machine, the engine 71 rotates to drive the rotary blade 11 to rotate in the walking process, the rotary blade shaft 12 drives the flail 8 to rotate through the belt 72, the flail 8 cuts off the straws in the field through the blade and drives the straws to the front of the guide plate 81, the guide plate 81 is in a V shape, the V shape faces the flail 8, the broken straws can rebound to two sides, the cleaning of the straws can be realized through the actions of the flail 8 and the guide plate 81, the rotary blade 11 rotates the field of the row after cleaning, and finally the seed sowing motor 10 rotates to arrange the seeds in the seed sowing device 14 on the surface after rotary tillage.
In the above working process, the floating plate 6 can press the straw in the unclean area. Furthermore, the speed measuring wheel 5 can adjust the seed sowing speed of the seed sowing device 14 according to the current walking speed, so that the sowing speed is matched with the walking speed.
The invention can meet the sowing requirement of the high-humidity rotten land block and solve the problem that the sowing machine in the prior art cannot work in the muddy land.
The rotary blade 11 of the present invention is provided with a separate power unit (engine 16) which can independently rotary tillage without depending on the output power of agricultural machinery, thus enabling the present invention to be hung at the rear end of a rice transplanter.
The ditching depth of the ditching shovel 19 is adjustable, and the width of the plow curved surface ditcher 13 is adjustable. The plow curved surface furrow opener 13 has Fugou functions, so that soil after furrowing is prevented from backfilling into the furrow, and the furrow is prevented from collapsing.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block operation, which is characterized in that: the rotary tillage machine comprises a frame (7), and a plurality of groups of hanging racks, flail knives (8), guide plates (81), rotary tillage blades (11), seed metering devices (14) and floating plates (6) which are connected to the frame (7), wherein the flail knives (8), the guide plates (81), the rotary tillage blades (11) and the seed metering devices (14) are sequentially arranged from front to back, and the floating plates (6) and the seed metering devices (14) are alternately arranged; the hanger is used for connecting the frame (7) to agricultural machinery, the flail knife (8) and the rotary tillage knife (11) are respectively connected to the frame (7) through a flail knife shaft (82) and a rotary tillage knife shaft (12), the flail knife shaft (82) or the rotary tillage knife shaft (12) is connected with a power device for driving the rotary tillage knife (11) and the flail knife (8) to rotate, the flail knife shaft (82) and the rotary tillage knife shaft (12) are connected through a transmission mechanism, the rotary tillage knife (11) is installed inwards, furrows appear between two adjacent groups of ridges in the middle of a rotary tillage, and the seed is sowed on the ridge by the sowing device;
The machine frame (7) is further connected with a ditching shovel (19) with adjustable ditching depth, the ditching shovel is arranged at the transverse center of the machine frame (7), a plow curved surface ditcher (13) with adjustable width is further arranged at the rear of the ditching shovel (19), the plow curved surface ditcher (13) is provided with two planes, a supporting plate (131) and a sliding groove (132) are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two planes, the angle between the two planes can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the supporting plate (131) relative to the sliding groove (132), and then the effective width adjustment of the plow curved surface ditcher (13) is realized;
the seed metering device also comprises a speed measuring wheel (5), wherein the speed measuring wheel (5) is used for controlling the seed metering speed of the seed metering device (14), a wheel shaft of the speed measuring wheel (5) is connected with a speed measuring sensor, and the speed measuring sensor feeds back the current walking speed to a rotating speed control device of the seed metering motor (10);
the hanging frame comprises a front hanging frame (1) connected to the agricultural machine and a rear hanging frame (2) connected to a frame (7), wherein the front hanging frame (1) and the rear hanging frame (2) are connected through a connecting rod, and the front hanging frame (1), the rear hanging frame (2) and the connecting rod form a quadrilateral which has certain deformability in a certain range;
The rear of the frame (7) is also provided with a seeding frame (4), the floating plate (6) and the seed sowing device (14) are sequentially and alternately connected to the seeding frame (4), and the advancing end of the floating plate (6) is also provided with a tilting edge (61).
2. An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block work according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power device is an engine (71) connected to the frame (7), and the power output end of the engine (71) is connected to the rotary tillage cutter shaft (12).
3. An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block work according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary tillage cutter shaft (12) is provided with a driving belt wheel, the flail cutter shaft (82) is provided with a driven belt wheel, and the belt (72) is connected with the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel.
4. An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block work according to claim 1, characterized in that: the speed measuring wheel (5) is connected with the frame (7) through a speed measuring wheel connecting rod (9).
5. An intelligent compound planter suitable for rice stubble high wetland block work according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear part of the rotary tillage cutter (11) is also provided with a soil retaining cover (3) connected with the frame (7).
CN201911113024.7A 2019-11-14 2019-11-14 An intelligent compound seeder suitable for operation on rice stubble high-humidity land Active CN110692295B (en)

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CN120202766B (en) * 2025-05-28 2025-08-12 东海县农业技术推广中心 An intelligent compound seeder suitable for working on rice stubble and high-humidity land

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