CN110679915B - 一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679915B CN110679915B CN201910888122.1A CN201910888122A CN110679915B CN 110679915 B CN110679915 B CN 110679915B CN 201910888122 A CN201910888122 A CN 201910888122A CN 110679915 B CN110679915 B CN 110679915B
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- linseed
- protein
- flaxseeds
- flaxseed
- gum
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法。本发明将亚麻籽萌动耦合微波预处理,强化亚麻籽多酚的内源性合成和溶出效率,再分别提取富含酚类化合物的亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶,并对亚麻籽蛋白进行空气压等离子体射流处理,最后基于静电自组装构建能够运载亚麻籽油的亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系。利用本发明获得的亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系能够显著提高亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、鱼油和藻油的物理稳定性和氧化稳定性。本发明作为一种递送体系包埋材料和健康食品原料具有极大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体是涉及一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法。
背景技术
膳食n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA),包括植物来源的α-亚麻酸(ALA)和海产品来源的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),在降低以肥胖、2型糖尿病、心脑血管疾病等为主的代谢性疾病风险因子已有较多报道。基于我国居民膳食营养调查的结果显示,膳食ALA、EPA+DHA实际摄入量与推荐摄入量之间仍存在较大差距。以亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、鱼油、藻油等为代表性的富含n-3PUFA的功能脂质的低水溶性一定程度上限制了其作为功能性食品原料在乳制品、饮料等液体食品中的应用。因此,通过改变亚麻籽油等摄入方式以提高ALA、EPA和DHA生物利用度以最大限度的降低其有效摄入量,并进一步扩大其在食品领域的应用范围将是有效解决n-3PUFA摄入严重不足的重要途径。
纳米乳液递送体系因能够改变运载的脂质活性组分的消化、吸收和代谢,为提高n-3PUFA生物利用度提供了可能。其中,基于静电自组装构成的多层水包油乳液能够改善传统乳液体系的界面限制。利用该方法制备的乳液在外界胁迫因素如离子强度、pH值和温度方面具有较好的物理稳定性。已有研究采用静电自组装的复合凝聚法制备了含有蛋白质-多糖稳定的亚麻籽油乳液体系。亚麻籽除了作为植物来源n-3脂肪酸ALA的主要来源外,还富含功能性的蛋白质和亚麻籽胶组分。研究表明,与大豆蛋白相比,亚麻籽蛋白具有更高的表面电荷和较小的乳化液滴尺寸,这在一定程度上依赖于与亚麻籽蛋白共存的亚麻籽胶。此外,亚麻籽蛋白的氨基酸谱在营养学上是可取的,并被认为在营养学上与大豆等其它油籽蛋白相当。亚麻籽胶本身也是一种可作为乳化剂的植物聚合物,用于构建乳液凝胶体系。同时,亚麻籽胶也是一种阴离子杂多糖,水溶性膳食纤维,对机体尤其是肠道健康具有一定的改善作用,但目前仅作为一种食品配料应用于食品体系中。基于亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶静电络合不仅从技术层面或营养学角度均能够用于构建运载亚麻籽油等富含n-3PUFA的乳液体系。
然而,亚麻籽油等富含n-3PUFA的乳液应用到乳饮料等食品体系后的氧化稳定性,以及经口服后在胃肠道消化吸收过程中的脂质氧化也是影响乳液体系中ALA、EPA和DHA生物利用度的关键因素。因此,如何基于亚麻籽中内源性抗氧化组分的靶向富集,构建一种高物理和氧化稳定性的亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系,用于运载亚麻籽油等富含n-3PUFA的功能性脂质是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,本发明的制备方法能够显著提高所运载的亚麻籽油等的物理和氧化稳定性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡0.5~1h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动3~4天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5~2h后在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理18~20h,使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为16~20%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,在650~700w条件下进行微波预处理3~5min;
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中(m/v:1:8~1:10),并在50~60℃、800~1000rpm/min转速条件下机械搅拌提取提取3~5h,过滤,连续提取2~3次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心10~15min弃上清,所得沉淀在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理10-12h,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理10-12h,粉碎之后,加入到pH=9~10的NaOH溶液中,在400~600rpm/min条件下磁力搅拌提取3~5h并过滤,连续提取2~3次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.0-5.0,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,4000-5000g室温条件下离心10~15min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至6.8~7.0,在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理18~20h冷冻干燥,得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,在400~600rpm/min转速下磁力搅拌促溶4~5h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置10~12h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理5~10s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.0~3.5,在磁力搅拌过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,持续磁力搅拌2~3h,即得亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
发明人在前期研究中发现,适度萌动预处理在不明显影响亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶含量、结构和功能的前提下能够增加亚麻籽中多酚类化合物的含量,与之伴随的是亚麻籽体外抗氧化活性的明显提高。这主要归因于萌动预处理诱导的亚麻籽中SDG、SECO、游离及结合态酚酸内源性合成。空气压等离子体射流处理用于植物或动物源蛋白质改性的研究正逐步展开。已有学者研究表明,适度时间的等离子体处理能够改善植物或动物蛋白的功能特性如起泡性、乳化性等。我们的研究也发现,短时间的空气压等离子体射流处理明显改善了亚麻籽蛋白的乳化活性和稳定性,这将有望进一步提升亚麻籽蛋白作为乳化剂构建纳米乳液的潜力。亚麻木酚素,主要存在于亚麻籽外种皮骨细胞的次生细胞壁中,是亚麻籽内源性抗氧化体系的关键组分。在成熟亚麻籽中,亚麻木酚素几乎不以游离形式存在,而与3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酸(HMGA)通过酯键共价结合,平均每5个SDG与4个HMGA交联构成木酚素低聚体。其它酚类化合物,包括咖啡酸糖苷(CAG)、对香豆酸糖苷(CouAG)、阿魏酸糖苷(FAG)和草棉黄素糖苷(HDG)参与构成木酚素大分子聚合物。其中,HDG直接与HMGA连接,而CAG、CouAG和FAG则交联于SDG糖苷上,并决定了木酚素多聚体的链长和分子量。因亚麻木酚素大分子特异性的空间分布、存在形态和分子极性特性,在亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白提取过程中会共存较高含量的亚麻木酚素大分子。值得注意的是,我们发现,短时间的空气压等离子体射流处理在改善亚麻籽蛋白功能特性尤其是乳化活性和稳定性的同时,诱导了亚麻木酚素大分子“解聚增活”效应,从而增加了亚麻籽蛋白的体外抗氧化活性。在此基础上发明人进一步研究得到了本发明的亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系;
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)萌动预处理提高了亚麻籽原料的总酚和黄酮含量:将亚麻籽置于碱性电生功能水中浸泡后进行萌动处理。通过福林酚比色法测定的萌动亚麻籽总酚平均含量达到1100mg/100g,与未萌动亚麻籽(686mg/100g)相比提高了60%,与传统的去离子水萌动相比(873mg/100g)提高了26%。
(2)本发明通过微波处理萌动亚麻籽,提高了亚麻籽酚类化合物在亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白提取过程中的溶出和释放。亚麻籽蛋白中总酚平均含量达到959mg/100g,与未微波相比提高了25%;亚麻籽胶中总酚平均含量达到780mg/100g,与未微波相比提高了19%。
本发明采用空气压等离子体射流(5~10s)处理所提取的亚麻籽蛋白,显著提高其乳化活性和乳化稳定性,与未处理相比,乳化活性增加16~24%,乳化稳定性增加17~22%。经空气压等离子体射流(5~10s)处理后亚麻籽蛋白中总酚含量为1033~1127mg/100g,与未处理相比,总酚含量增加8~18%。经空气压等离子体射流(5~10s)处理后亚麻籽蛋白中DPPH自由基清除活力为819~890μmol/100g,FRAP为6884~7029μmol/100g,ABTS为406~427mmol/100g,与未处理相比,分别增加28~39%,9~11%和16~22%。
进一步,上述骤(2)中所述弱碱性电生功能水的制备参数:电解质为质量分数0.8~1.0%氯化钙溶液,电解电压为8~10V;弱碱性电生功能水的pH值9.45~9.55,ORP值145~165mV。
采用上述进一步的有益效果在于:所采用的弱碱性电生功能水具有相对较高的pH值,且含有-OH,H2、Ca2+等,具有一定的还原性。我们推测,该弱碱性电生功能水在促进亚麻籽萌动过程中,可能对亚麻酚类化合物内源性生物合成相关的基因具有调控效应,从而表现出明显优于去离子水和自来水的效果。
进一步,上述步骤(2)中育苗盘的规格为长34cm×宽25cm;为保证亚麻籽发芽率,每盘育苗盘亚麻籽的平铺量为30~35g,萌动期间每隔8~10小时喷淋100~150mL碱性电生功能水,以促进亚麻籽萌动过程中内源性酚类化合物的合成。
进一步,上述步骤(3)中萌动亚麻籽经低温冷冻干燥后仍应保持亚麻籽水分含量为18~20%,后续微波预处理时萌动亚麻籽中残余水分可以作为吸收微波能量的介质。
进一步,上述步骤(4)中微波预处理的功率为650~700w,微波时间为3~5min。一方面微波预处理能够抑制萌动亚麻籽脂肪酶活性;另一方面微波预处理能够促进后续亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白提取过程中与之共存的酚类化合物的溶出和释放
采用上述进一步的有益效果在于:微波预处理能够抑制亚麻籽萌动过程中被激活的各种酶类,如脂肪氧化酶等,避免亚麻籽蛋白提取过程中与之共存的残留脂质过氧化对亚麻籽蛋白乳化特性和氧化稳定性的不利影响。此外,微波预处理能够增加亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白提取过程中酚类化合物的溶出和释放,这可能主要归因于微波处理能够诱导亚麻木酚素大分子“解聚”效应、分子极性改变、酚酸形态的改变等。总之,多重效应协同诱导了所提取的亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶中酚类化合物的靶向富集。
进一步,上述步骤(8)空气压等离子体射流的放电功率700~750w,空气压等离子体射流与液面的距离为30~35mm,空气压等离子体处理时间为5~10s;短时间空气压等离子体处理能够提高亚麻籽蛋白的乳化活性和乳化稳定性;同时,该处理还能够并进一步释放酚类化合物,提高亚麻籽蛋白的抗氧化活性。
采用上述进一步的有益效果在于:在水相体系中,短时间的空气压等离子体处理诱导产生的初级和次级活性氧和活性氮族化合物能够改变疏水/亲水性氨基酸所处的微环境,进而改善所处理的亚麻籽蛋白的乳化活性和乳化稳定性。更重要的是,短时间的空气压等离子体处理诱导了木酚素大分子解聚效应,使与SDG交联的CAG、CouAG、FAG从侧链上释放出来,从而显著增加了亚麻籽蛋白的抗氧化活性。处理时间是影响亚麻籽蛋白乳化特性和抗氧化特性的关键。研究发现,进一步延长处理时间会导致亚麻籽蛋白乳化活性、总酚含量和抗氧化活性的逐渐降低。
进一步,上述步骤(9)中亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶体积比为3:1~5:1,磁力搅拌速度为120~150rmp/min,以使亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶能够基于静电络合形成亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于pH值为9.45和ORP值158mV的弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡0.5h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动3天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5h后进行真空冷冻干燥处理(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间18h),使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为18%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,进行微波预处理(微波功率为680w,微波时间为3min);
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中(m/v:1:10),并在50℃条件下机械搅拌提取(900rpm/min)提取3h,过滤,连续提取2次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心10min弃上清,所得沉淀冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间10h),得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间10h),粉碎之后,加入到NaOH溶液(pH=10,m/v=1:10)中,室温磁力搅拌(500rpm/min)提取3h并过滤,连续提取2次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.5,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,5000g室温条件下离心10min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至7.0,冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20~℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间18h),得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,室温磁力搅拌(400rpm/min)促溶4h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置12h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理5s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.5,在低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,持续低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)2h,即得亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
(10)将亚麻籽油、亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系按质量比1:9混合,先经高速均质机均质3min进行初步乳化,再经120MPa压力的超高压微射流进一步均质,循环次数4次,获得亚麻籽油乳液体系。加速贮藏试验结果显示,与对照组相比,以该复合凝聚体系构建的亚麻籽油乳液体系在37℃贮藏35天后,乳液油析和絮凝现象明显改善,且初级(以氢过氧化物含量标示)和次级氧化产物(以丙二醛含量标示)明显降低,表现出较好的物理和氧化稳定性。
表1亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白中酚类化合物富集及抗氧化活性评价结果
表2以亚麻籽胶蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚构建的亚麻籽油乳液37℃
贮藏35天氧化稳定性评价结果
实施例2
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于pH值为9.50和ORP值155mV的弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡1h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动3.5天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5h后进行真空冷冻干燥处理(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间18h),使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为18%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,进行微波预处理(微波功率为670w,微波时间为4min);
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中(m/v:1:9),并在50℃条件下机械搅拌提取(900rpm/min)提取3h,过滤,连续提取2次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心10min弃上清,所得沉淀冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间12h),得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间12h),粉碎之后,加入到NaOH溶液(pH=10,m/v=1:10)中,室温磁力搅拌(500rpm/min)提取3h并过滤,连续提取2次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.5,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,5000g室温条件下离心10min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至7.0,冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20~℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间20h),得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,室温磁力搅拌(400rpm/min)促溶4h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置10h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理5s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.5,在低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,持续低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)2.5h,即得亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
(10)将紫苏籽油、亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系按质量比1:9混合,先经高速均质机均质3min进行初步乳化,再经120MPa压力的超高压微射流进一步均质,循环次数4次,获得亚麻籽油乳液体系。加速贮藏试验结果显示,与对照组相比,以该复合凝聚体系构建的亚麻籽油乳液体系在37℃贮藏35天后,乳液无油析和絮凝现象明显改善,且初级(以氢过氧化物含量标示)和次级氧化产物(以丙二醛含量标示)含量明显降低,表现出较好的物理和氧化稳定性。
表3亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白中酚类化合物富集及抗氧化活性评价结果
表4以亚麻籽胶蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚构建的紫苏籽油乳液37℃
贮藏35天氧化稳定性评价结果
实施例3
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于pH值为9.55和ORP值151mV的弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡1h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动4天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5h后进行真空冷冻干燥处理(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间19h),使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为19%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,进行微波预处理(微波功率为660w,微波时间为5min);
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中(m/v:1:9),并在50℃条件下机械搅拌提取(900rpm/min)提取3h,过滤,连续提取2次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心10min弃上清,所得沉淀冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间11h),得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间12h),粉碎之后,加入到NaOH溶液(pH=10,m/v=1:10)中,室温磁力搅拌(500rpm/min)提取2h并过滤,连续提取3次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.5,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,5000g室温条件下离心10min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至6.9,冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20~℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间19h),得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,室温磁力搅拌(400rpm/min)促溶5h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置11h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理10s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.5,在低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,持续低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)3.0h,即得亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
(10)将鱼油、亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系按质量比1:9混合,先经高速均质机均质3min进行初步乳化,再经120MPa压力的超高压微射流进一步均质,循环次数4次,获得亚麻籽油乳液体系。加速贮藏试验结果显示,以该复合凝聚体系构建的亚麻籽油乳液体系在37℃贮藏35天后,乳液无油析和絮凝现象,且初级(以氢过氧化物含量标示)和次级氧化产物(以丙二醛含量标示)无显著提高,表现出较好的物理和氧化稳定性。
表5亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白中酚类化合物富集及抗氧化活性评价结果
表6以亚麻籽胶蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚构建的鱼油乳液37℃贮藏
35天氧化稳定性评价结果
实施例4
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于pH值为9.50和ORP值153mV的弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡1h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动4天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5h后进行真空冷冻干燥处理(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间19h),使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为19%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,进行微波预处理(微波功率为700w,微波时间为4min);
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中(m/v:1:9),并在50℃条件下机械搅拌提取(900rpm/min)提取2h,过滤,连续提取3次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心15min弃上清,所得沉淀冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间12h),得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间10h),粉碎之后,加入到NaOH溶液(pH=10,m/v=1:10)中,室温磁力搅拌(500rpm/min)提取2h并过滤,连续提取3次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.5,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,5000g室温条件下离心10min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至6.9,冷冻干燥(冷冻温度-20~℃,真空度0.12mbar,时间20h),得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,室温磁力搅拌(400rpm/min)促溶4.5h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置10h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理5s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.5,在低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,持续低速磁力搅拌(120rpm/min)2.5h,即得亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
(10)将藻油、亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚体系按质量比1:9混合,先经高速均质机均质3min进行初步乳化,再经120MPa压力的超高压微射流进一步均质,循环次数4次,获得亚麻籽油乳液体系。加速贮藏试验结果显示,与对照组相比,以该复合凝聚体系构建的亚麻籽油乳液体系在37℃贮藏35天后,乳液无油析和絮凝现象明显改善,且初级(以氢过氧化物含量标示)和次级氧化产物(以丙二醛含量标示)显著降低,表现出较好的物理和氧化稳定性。
表7亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白中酚类化合物富集及抗氧化活性评价结果
表8以亚麻籽胶蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚构建的藻油乳液37℃贮藏
35天氧化稳定性评价结果
Claims (4)
1.一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)亚麻籽原料预处理:将当年度收获的亚麻籽进行清理除杂,获得籽粒完整、饱满、均匀的亚麻籽;
(2)亚麻籽萌动:将亚麻籽置于弱碱性电生功能水中浸泡0.5~1h后,将浸泡后的亚麻籽沥水并均匀平铺于育苗盘内,再将育苗盘置于恒温恒湿培养箱中萌动3~4天;待萌动结束后,用去离子水淋洗萌动的亚麻籽,以去除附着在萌动亚麻籽表面的碱性电生功能水;所述弱碱性电生功能水的制备参数:电解质为质量分数0.8~1.0%氯化钙溶液,电解电压为8~10V;所述弱碱性电生功能水的pH值9.45~9.55,ORP值145~165mV;
(3)低温冷冻干燥:将萌动的亚麻籽先置于-20℃条件下预冷冻1.5~2h后在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理18~20h,使萌动亚麻籽终水分含量为16~20%;
(4)微波预处理:将冷冻干燥后的萌动亚麻籽置于10cm直径培养皿中,用保鲜膜封口之后,在650~700w条件下进行微波预处理3~5min;
(5)亚麻籽胶提取:将经微波处理后的萌动亚麻籽加入到去离子水中m/v:1:8~1:10,并在50~60℃、800~1000rpm/min转速条件下机械搅拌提取3~5h,过滤,连续提取2~3次,合并提取液,加入等体积无水乙醇沉淀亚麻籽胶,5000g室温条件下离心10~15min弃上清,所得沉淀在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理10-12h,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽胶;
(6)亚麻籽蛋白提取:将脱胶后的萌动亚麻籽在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理10-12h,粉碎之后,加入到pH=9~10的NaOH溶液中,在400~600rpm/min条件下磁力搅拌提取3~5h并过滤,连续提取2~3次,合并提取液;用1MHCl溶液调节提取液pH值为4.0-5.0,使亚麻籽蛋白沉淀,4000-5000g室温条件下离心10~15min,得到富含亚麻籽多酚的亚麻籽蛋白,去离子水复溶,用0.5M稀HCl溶液调节溶液pH值至6.8~7.0,在冷冻温度-20~-18℃,真空度0.12~0.14mbar条件下进行真空冷冻干燥处理18~20h冷冻干燥,得到亚麻籽蛋白;
(7)将获得的亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白以去离子水为分散剂分别配制成质量浓度为0.25%和1%的分散液,在400~600rpm/min转速下磁力搅拌促溶4~5h,然后置于4℃冰箱中静置10~12h,以使亚麻籽胶和亚麻籽蛋白充分溶解;
(8)亚麻籽蛋白等离子体射流处理:将步骤(7)中溶解后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液进行空气压等离子体射流处理5~10s;所述空气压等离子体射流的放电功率700~750w,空气压等离子体射流与液面的距离为30~35mm,空气压等离子体处理时间为5~10s;
(9)复合凝聚包埋体系:将经等离子体处理后的亚麻籽蛋白溶液pH值调至3.0~3.5,在磁力搅拌过程中逐滴加入步骤(7)中充分溶解后的亚麻籽胶溶液,120~150rmp/min持续磁力搅拌2~3h,亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶体积比为3:1~5:1,使亚麻籽蛋白和亚麻籽胶能够基于静电络合形成亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述育苗盘的规格为长34cm×宽25cm;为保证亚麻籽发芽率,每盘育苗盘亚麻籽的平铺量为30~35g,萌动期间每隔8~10小时喷淋100~150mL碱性电生功能水,以促进亚麻籽萌动过程中内源性酚类化合物的合成。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述萌动亚麻籽经低温冷冻干燥后仍应保持亚麻籽水分含量为18~20%,后续微波预处理时萌动亚麻籽中残余水分可以作为吸收微波能量的介质。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种亚麻籽蛋白/亚麻籽胶/多酚复合凝聚包埋体系的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述微波预处理的功率为650~700w,微波时间为3~5min。
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