CN110678276B - 用于浇铸铅酸电池的电极载体的装置 - Google Patents
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于在连续的铸造方法中浇铸用于制造铅格栅电极的电极载体的装置,其中,该装置具有以下特征:铸造鼓(1),在该铸造鼓中凹出待铸造的铅带(3)的形状;以及铸造靴(2),在铸造鼓(1)逆时针旋转时铸造靴在通过其旋转轴线的水平线的区域中在右侧贴靠在铸造鼓(1)的外周上,在此,流出的液态铅运行到铸造鼓表面的凹形形状中并且可在四分之三转之后作为硬化的铅带在铸造鼓(1)的下部顶点处被取走,其中,脱模斜面小于7度、尤其是小于3度。
Description
技术领域
为了制造铅酸电池的正电极和负电极的电极载体(Elektrodentraegern)使用以下技术:倾铸或喷铸技术、金属板网技术、冲压技术以及借助铸造鼓的连续铸造。
背景技术
倾铸或喷铸技术:
在倾铸或喷铸技术中由两个半模构成的模具被填充以液态铅,并且通过在铅硬化之后打开半模来脱模。两个半模用软木铸型涂料处理,以避免在填充模具期间使铅硬化并吸收被排挤的空气。该方法的优点是格栅的菱形结构以及表面粗糙度。二者产生良好的质量-格栅粘性并且粗糙度还增大了接触面。缺点是较小的产量以及有限的合金选择。软的合金以及耐腐蚀的合金不能借助该技术加工。此外,由于操作必要性而限制了格栅厚度以及重量。对最小格栅重量的限制是倾铸方法十分重要的成本缺点。因为所有合金成分都具有腐蚀和格栅增长的缺点,例如Ca合金,或消耗水,例如Sb合金,因此倾铸方法不适合未来所需的软铅合金。对明显更高的周期负荷和使用寿命的要求需要耐腐蚀的软铅合金。
金属板网和冲压技术:
对于金属板网以及冲压技术,首先浇铸铅带并在必要时轧制,以便一方面提高强度另一方面获得细粒的耐腐蚀的组织。两种方法相对于倾铸技术都具有明显更高的产量。在两种技术中称为整流子片凸肩的电流放电器仅具有铅带的厚度。这限制了电阻。
在金属板网加工期间捻转格栅条,由此实现电极的良好粘附性能。金属板网技术的主要缺点是缺少闭合框架以及由于缺少闭合的框架而限制在硬合金。与硬合金相关的缺少框架不可避免地导致可能损坏在极性之间的隔板的问题。尤其是对于AGM(吸水玻璃垫)电池,金属板网电极载体是非常有问题的。
在冲压技术中可使用具有闭合框架的任意格栅几何结构以及任意的合金。但是冲压技术除了设备成本高以外还具有十分明显的缺点。在冲压工艺期间约75%-85%的铅被冲压。该冲压件具有氧化铅表面。在没有开销大的精炼的情况下、即在直接回引到铅熔化炉中时氧化铅到达格栅中并且导致腐蚀提高。虽然可加工任意的铅合金,但是在软合金的情况下明显降低了设备速度。
借助铸造鼓的连续铸造:
借助包括凹入的格栅结构的铸造鼓和将液体铅导入格栅结构的铸造靴连续地铸造铅电极在铸造速度方面与合金组分无关,从而也可生产加工软铅。此外电流放电器、整流子片凸肩可实施得比格栅更厚且格栅片的框架制造得比其余内部的格栅条更结实。但是这种可用的连续铸造技术在正电极方面具有重大缺点:
为了从鼓中移除格栅带,在根据现有技术的设备中脱模斜面在格栅凹腔中必须大于10度。脱模斜面在靴侧要求过渡粘结,以便类似于燕尾地避免从格栅中滑出。此外,梯形的横截面在腐蚀方面不利,因为通过最小横截面的部位决定腐蚀。因此相比于正方形的横截面需要更多的铅。但是主要缺点是格栅和平板的非对称性,在正电极中在充电/放电过程期间非对称性通过在充电以及放电状态中的不同体积导致拱曲,由此一方面使活动质量与格栅分离而另一方面将显著的压力施加到隔板上。由此格栅由于连续铸造而不可用于正电极。
因此综上所述,由于较厚的整流子片凸肩而较低的电阻而缺少冲压反冲以及如前所述的促进腐蚀的氧化铅以及与合金无关的高铸造速度获得连续铸造方法的显著优点。而特别不利的是格栅条的脱模斜面。
通过使用若干物理方法惊奇地发现,用于避免连续铸造方法的非对称格栅的解决方案。至今为止的工程实现方案基于在教科书中提及的滚压齿轮和齿带,而齿轮和齿带需要脱模斜面。
发明内容
通过改变目前的根据图1以及放大的鼓半径的商业设备的运行方向,可以小于7°的脱模斜面进行脱模。可以有利地使用半径大于1m、优选大于1.2m的鼓,由此能够更简单地脱模。在示出的铸造靴在下部顶点处的布置中在约270度之后仅使朝地球吸引力的方向的力分量作用到铅格栅带上。因此在下部顶点处取消了垂直于地球吸引力的任意重力分量,从而通过重力作用使格栅从凹出的铸造模具中落下,没有通过滑动件的附着力,滑动件必须施加到铸造毂上以降低铸造靴和铸造鼓之间的摩擦。因此除了通过分离鼓的附着力以外,在脱模斜面小于5度、通常为3度时格栅从鼓中落下,由此格栅条具有近似理想矩形的横截面。
为了辅助克服很小的附着力可将热压力空气吹入鼓和格栅之间的间隙中或以合适的方式借助平行运行的真空带吸走铸造的铅格栅带。叩击装置(Klopfvorrichtung)或振动装置也适用于克服附着力。此外提出,将铸型分离涂料(Kokillentrennschlichte)引入铸造鼓的凹腔中。真空带的开口与铅格栅带的轮廓相匹配,由此实现了有效的力配合,将铅格栅带从凹入的格栅模具中拉出。
可将具有如此小的脱模斜面的格栅看作是矩形对称的,类似于冲压的格栅。这种在连续铸造中产生的格栅充分对称的且如果活动的质量以相同的强度施加到格栅的下侧以及上侧,在电池中正常运行时不易于弯曲。
在连续铸造设备中也没有在氧化铅的合金工艺中必须清除的冲压区段。额外的合金步骤的成本至少为提供铅的价格的10%。如果取消合金工艺,则格栅在电池中的耐腐蚀性降低。
该装置特别适用于制造具有很小合金部分的铅电极格栅以及纯的铅锡合金。该合金尤其适用于AGM电池以及混合应用在机动车中。钙或锶合金用作强化格栅的合金成分。两种合金都会导致腐蚀加剧。过去使用的锑会导致高耗水量,不能用于免维护的电池。事实证明,纯铅锡合金特别耐腐蚀,并且耗水量极低。此外,软铅格栅技术避免了AGM电池中使用的力效应和对隔板的损坏,尤其是玻璃绒隔板的损坏。
通过后续的喷砂,一方面可使铅带的表面粗糙另一方面还除去了留下的分离介质。因此通过喷砂增大了表面,这带来更好的质量网格附着并因此带来更好的电流传导(Stromableitung)。喷砂同时从上方和下方进行。
已经发现特别有利的是,喷砂喷嘴朝向彼此设置。由此特别是在软合金的情况下避免了格栅结构的变形,因为补偿了冲击的喷射材料的冲量。可以较高的喷射压力工作,该喷射压力引起较大的表面粗糙度。
附图说明
下面根据示意图详细描述本发明的设备。
图1示出了以上所描述设备的侧视图。
图2示出了现有技术中的设备。
具体实施方式
图1示出了鼓1,在鼓的表面中凹出待浇铸的铅带3的形状。所谓的铸造靴2在穿过其旋转轴线的水平线的区域中贴靠在鼓的外周上。在这种情况下铸造靴2布置在鼓的右侧,鼓逆时针旋转。从铸造靴2中流出的液态铅进入鼓表面的凹形形状中。在转过四分之三圈之后,借助真空带4取走硬化的铅带。真空带必要时有助于克服存在的附着力。
图2示出了连续铸造用于铅酸电池的电极的铅格栅的市场常见的设备。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于在连续的铸造方法中浇铸用于制造铅格栅电极的电极载体的装置,其中,所述装置具有以下特征:
-铸造鼓(1),在所述铸造鼓的表面中凹出待铸造的铅带(3)的形状并且特征在于脱模斜面为3度-7度,其中,所述铸造鼓(1)的半径大于1m;以及
-铸造靴(2),该铸造靴(2)在所述铸造鼓(1)的外周上,在所述铸造鼓(1)逆时针旋转时在穿过其旋转轴线的水平线的区域中在右侧贴靠在所述铸造鼓(1)上,其中,流出的液态铅运行到铸造鼓表面的凹形形状中并且在四分之三转之后作为硬化的铅带在铸造鼓(1)的下部顶点处通过重力作用被取走,在此,脱模斜面为3度-7度。
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CN112088845B (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-08-19 | 张万容 | 一种自动下料式铅皮制作设备 |
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- 2018-05-22 PL PL18792837T patent/PL3624963T3/pl unknown
- 2018-05-22 KR KR1020197033857A patent/KR20200037742A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-05-22 WO PCT/DE2018/000152 patent/WO2018210367A2/de active Application Filing
- 2018-05-22 EP EP18792837.9A patent/EP3624963B1/de active Active
- 2018-05-22 SI SI201830455T patent/SI3624963T1/sl unknown
- 2018-05-22 CN CN201880033022.4A patent/CN110678276B/zh active Active
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2019
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Also Published As
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KR20200037742A (ko) | 2020-04-09 |
SI3624963T1 (sl) | 2022-01-31 |
US11731194B2 (en) | 2023-08-22 |
PL3624963T3 (pl) | 2022-01-31 |
US20190351480A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3624963A2 (de) | 2020-03-25 |
WO2018210367A2 (de) | 2018-11-22 |
WO2018210367A3 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
EP3624963B1 (de) | 2021-08-25 |
JP2020520811A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
ES2899646T3 (es) | 2022-03-14 |
US20210379653A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
CN110678276A (zh) | 2020-01-10 |
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