CN110675501A - Efficient conversion method from TIN to Grid model under DEM framework - Google Patents
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Abstract
The method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM provided by the invention adopts a conversion method to complete conversion only by traversing an irregular triangular table, avoids considering a complex data structure in the process of constructing an irregular triangular net, so that the method is simpler to realize and has higher calculation speed, because the range is determined according to the irregular triangle, the search range of the corresponding Grid point is smaller, meanwhile, the coordinate reduction processing in the calculation process is also beneficial to improving the efficiency, and the obtained result shows that the method of the invention obviously shortens the conversion time of different Grid distances and the conversion time of different resolutions compared with the method of the prior art, saves more than 26 percent of time, occupies less resources, has smaller errors before and after conversion and does not need to maintain frequently, the error probability is low, the method can be well popularized to practical application, and the practical value is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for converting a model under a DEM (digital elevation model) architecture, in particular to a method for efficiently converting a TIN (triangulated irregular network) to a Grid model under the DEM architecture, and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional geographic information systems.
Background
The concept of the DEM is proposed in the fifties of the twentieth century, and then with the development of computer technology, particularly geographic information systems, the DEM is widely researched and applied in a large number of practical applications, and is rapidly developed up to now, so that the DEM plays an increasingly important role in the current society, plays an important role in the fields of social infrastructure construction such as civil engineering, surveying and mapping engineering, urban planning, road traffic, municipal engineering and the like, and is also widely applied in the aspects of geographic surveying, three-dimensional environment simulation and the like. The digital elevation model DEM is an analog and digital description of the surface topography of the earth, with an increasing field of research and application, and has become the core content of the geospatial data infrastructure and the three-dimensional digital earth, and even the three-dimensional smart earth.
The prior art digital elevation model DEM mainly comprises two relatively common forms: TIN and Grid, which are also referred to as regular Grid digital elevation models, TIN is also referred to as irregular triangulation digital elevation models. The digital elevation models in the two forms of TIN and Grid are relatively simple in structure, the topological relation is relatively easy to establish, and the visual analysis and application of the topological relation are relatively simple. The irregular triangular network TIN digital elevation model has the advantages that the distribution density of ground sampling points and the complexity of the terrain can be fully reflected, the surface characteristics can be accurately described, and the real surface can be more accurately approximated; regular Grid grids are less simple in data structure than regular triangular grids, but the access and processing procedures of regular Grid grids are relatively convenient. Therefore, it is necessary to convert between the irregular triangulation network elevation model TIN and the regular mesh elevation model Grid for more efficient application of the digital elevation model.
The irregular triangular network TIN simulates and approaches to the terrain surface by generating continuous triangular surfaces through different distributed discrete point data, has the capability of expressing complex terrain, and often needs to interpolate the generated TIN according to certain precision, namely, the moment between grids to generate a regular grid because the triangular network data structure is complex. The method for generating the Grid of the regular Grid by the irregular triangular network TIN in the prior art mainly comprises linear interpolation and polynomial interpolation. To increase the interpolation speed, the core is to search the irregular triangles where the mesh nodes are located quickly. Regarding the method for judging whether the lattice points are located in the irregular triangle, the prior art includes that firstly, the irregular triangle is subjected to blocking processing, then the triangle is judged by using a matrix method, more time is needed for establishing the blocks in the algorithm and judging the triangle where the lattice points are located by using the matrix method, the algorithm is complex, more resources are occupied, the method is limited by high calculation complexity, the method cannot be popularized to practical application, and almost no practical value exists; secondly, in the prior art, a vertex closest to a grid node is found out first, and then an irregular triangle where the vertex is located is judged by using a topological relation of the vertex, but certain time is still occupied for searching the closest vertex and maintaining and using the topological relation of the triangle, the algorithm efficiency is still low, the distortion condition is serious, errors before and after conversion are large, frequent maintenance is needed, and the error probability is high; in the third prior art, when searching for an irregular triangle, a rectangular block is firstly used as a range for searching, the specific rectangular block is judged to be located in the irregular triangle, then a point-falling triangle judgment method is used for determining which irregular triangle the elevation point falls in, and the elevation value of the grid is obtained according to elevation interpolation, so that the searching speed is improved.
In summary, the fast and efficient conversion from the irregular triangular mesh TIN to the regular mesh Grid under the DEM framework in the prior art is mainly the fast retrieval of the Grid points, the judgment of which irregular triangle the Grid point is located in, and then the interpolation of the elevation value of the Grid point. The prior art has some algorithms, but all have major defects: firstly, the establishment of the blocks in the algorithm and the judgment of the triangle by using the matrix method all need to occupy more time, the algorithm is complex, the resource occupation is more, the calculation complexity is high, the method cannot be popularized to practical application, and almost has no practical value; secondly, searching of the nearest vertex and maintenance and use of the topological relation of the triangular network still take a certain time, the algorithm efficiency is still low, the distortion condition is serious, the error before and after conversion is large, frequent maintenance is needed, and the error probability is high; thirdly, when searching irregular triangles, the rectangular blocks are used as a searching range, then a point-falling triangle judgment method is used for determining which irregular triangle the elevation points fall in, and the elevation value of the grid is obtained according to elevation interpolation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM provided by the invention adopts a conversion method to complete conversion only by traversing an irregular triangular table, avoids the consideration of complex data structure in the process of constructing an irregular triangular net, so the method is simpler to realize and has higher calculation speed, because the range is determined according to the irregular triangle, the searching range of the corresponding Grid point is smaller, meanwhile, the coordinate reduction processing in the calculation process is also beneficial to improving the efficiency, and the results obtained by carrying out conversion experiments on grids with different densities indicate that the conversion time of different Grid distances and the conversion time of different resolutions of the method of the invention are obviously shortened compared with the method of the prior art, the time is saved by more than 26 percent, the method of the invention occupies less resources, and has smaller errors before and after conversion, frequent maintenance is not needed, the error probability is low, the method can be well popularized to practical application, and the practical value is high.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM architecture, which is characterized in that the TIN to Grid model under DEM architecture is converted into an interpolation Grid point elevation process, the interpolation Grid point elevation adopts a linear interpolation method, after an irregular triangle to which Grid points belong is judged, the elevation of the Grid points is interpolated in a plane determined by the irregular triangle, and the core lies in quickly searching the irregular triangle in which the Grid points are located;
the method for efficiently converting the TIN to the Grid model under the DEM framework comprises the following steps:
firstly, traversing and recording an irregular triangle table of each vertex of each irregular triangle, and determining a minimum rectangular range containing the irregular triangles for each irregular triangle;
secondly, finding out grid points falling into a minimum rectangular range;
and thirdly, traversing the grid points found in the second step and falling into the minimum rectangular range, judging whether the grid points are positioned in an irregular triangle, and if so, interpolating the elevation of the grid points.
The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture comprises the following specific steps: step 1, reading an irregular triangle, step 2, determining a minimum rectangular range, step 3, finding grid points falling into the minimum rectangular range, step 4, traversing the grid points, step 5, judging whether the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangle, step 6, interpolating the elevation of the grid points, and sequentially performing the steps;
if the grid points are judged to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 6 is carried out, and if the grid points are judged not to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 1 is carried out.
The method for efficiently converting the TIN to the Grid model under the DEM architecture comprises the following steps of preparing data to be converted, processing an irregular triangle, and traversing an irregular triangle table to finish the conversion from the TIN to the Grid model;
the processing of one of the irregular triangles includes determining a minimum rectangular range containing the irregular triangle, finding grid points falling within the minimum rectangular range, interpolating grid point elevations.
The method for efficiently converting the TIN to the Grid model under the DEM architecture further comprises the following steps of: finding out the coverage range of all the data points to be converted, simultaneously reducing the coordinates of each data point to be converted, and subtracting the coordinates of the origin of the range.
The method for efficiently converting the TIN into the Grid model under the DEM framework further comprises the steps of determining the range of the minimum rectangle containing the irregular triangle, finding out the minimum rectangle containing all the areas of the irregular triangle, and enabling three vertexes of the irregular triangle to fall on the boundary of the minimum rectangle.
The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture further comprises the following steps of finding out Grid points falling into the minimum rectangular range:
A1＝int(Amin/E)；
A2＝int(Amax/E)+1；
B1＝int(Bmin/E)；
B2＝int(Bmax/E)+1；
Amin，Amax，Bmin，Bmaxe is the grid interval, then the grid points between (a1, B1) to (a2, B2) are all within the smallest rectangular region.
The method for efficiently converting the TIN to Grid model under the DEM framework further comprises the following steps of interpolating the Grid point elevation:
traversing the grid points in the minimum rectangular area one by one, judging whether the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangle, if so, interpolating the elevation values of the grid points, and if three vertexes of the triangle are A1(x1，y1)，A2(x2，y2)，A3(x3，y3) The judgment whether the lattice point is A (x, y) in the irregular triangle is as follows:
F1＝(y-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x)；
F2＝(y3-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x3)；
F3＝(y-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x2-x)；
F4＝(y1-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x1-x)；
F5＝(y-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x)；
F6＝(y2-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x2)；
if F1×F2Not less than 0 and F3×F4Not less than 0 and F5×F6If the grid point A is not less than 0, the grid point A is positioned in the irregular triangle;
the interpolation grid point elevations a1, a2, A3 determine a plane equation:
the elevation of the undetermined point a is then:
and obtaining the elevation value Z of the undetermined point A.
The method for efficiently converting the TIN to the Grid model under the DEM framework further comprises the following steps of traversing an irregular triangular table to finish the conversion from the TIN to the Grid model: and traversing the irregular triangular table, interpolating the elevation of the Grid points if the Grid points are judged to be positioned in the irregular triangle, and sequentially processing one by one to finish the conversion from TIN to Grid model.
The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture further comprises the following steps: estimating a perfect binary time-frequency masking result, if the signal-to-noise ratio of the result is greater than a preset threshold value, considering the result as a time-frequency unit which is mainly occupied by voice, and reserving the unit; otherwise, the time-frequency unit is regarded as a time-frequency unit with noise in the main position, and the unit is filtered; and finally, recombining the processed time-frequency units into enhanced voice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM provided by the invention adopts the conversion method to complete conversion only by traversing the irregular triangular table, avoids the consideration of complex data structure in the process of constructing the irregular triangular net, so the method is simpler to realize and has higher calculation speed, because the range is determined according to the irregular triangle, the search range of the corresponding Grid point is very small, meanwhile, the coordinate reduction processing in the calculation process is also beneficial to improving the efficiency, and the obtained result shows that the method of the invention obviously shortens the conversion time of different Grid distances and the conversion time of different resolutions compared with the method of the prior art, saves the time by more than 26 percent, has higher calculation efficiency and occupies less resources, the retrieval and the positioning of the Grid points are fast and accurate, the time complexity of the algorithm is low, the efficiency is high, and the efficient and fast conversion from TIN to Grid model can be realized under the DEM framework.
2. The method for efficiently converting the TIN to Grid model under the DEM framework solves the problems that more time is needed for building blocks in the algorithm and the algorithm is complex when the triangle is judged by using a matrix method in the prior art, occupies less resources, is not limited by high calculation complexity, can be well popularized to practical application, and has high practical value.
3. The method for efficiently converting the TIN to Grid model under the DEM framework solves the problems that the searching of the nearest vertex of the algorithm and the maintenance and use of the topological relation of the triangulation network still occupy a certain time, the algorithm efficiency is still low, and the distortion condition is serious in the prior art.
4. The invention provides a high-efficiency conversion method of a TIN to Grid model under a DEM (digital elevation model) architecture, which solves the problems that in part of algorithms in the prior art, a rectangular block is used as a search range firstly when irregular triangles are searched, then a point falling triangle judgment method is used for determining which irregular triangle a height point falls in, and the elevation value of a Grid is obtained according to elevation interpolation, the theoretical basis of the method is weak, the reliability is not high during large-scale conversion, the maintenance is difficult, and the reason is difficult to find after errors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under a DEM framework.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart diagram of the method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under the DEM framework.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for determining the minimum rectangular range containing irregular triangles.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture provided by the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can implement the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under a DEM framework provided by the present invention is a process of converting TIN to Grid model under the DEM framework into an interpolation Grid point elevation, the interpolation Grid point elevation adopts a linear interpolation method, after an irregular triangle to which a Grid point belongs is judged, the elevation of the Grid point is interpolated in a plane determined by the irregular triangle, and in order to increase the speed of elevation interpolation, the core lies in rapidly searching the irregular triangle where the Grid point is located.
To realize fast conversion, as shown in fig. 1, the method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture provided by the present invention has the following steps:
firstly, traversing and recording an irregular triangle table of each vertex of each irregular triangle, and determining a minimum rectangular range containing the irregular triangles for each irregular triangle;
secondly, finding out grid points falling into a minimum rectangular range;
and thirdly, traversing the grid points found in the second step and falling into the minimum rectangular range, judging whether the grid points are positioned in an irregular triangle, and if so, interpolating the elevation of the grid points.
First, the method is a specific process
The specific process of the method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM framework provided by the invention is shown in FIG. 2, step 1 is to read in irregular triangle, step 2 is to determine the minimum rectangular range, step 3 is to find out the Grid point falling into the minimum rectangular range, step 4 is to traverse the Grid point, step 5 is to judge whether the Grid point is positioned in the irregular triangle, step 6 is to interpolate the elevation of the Grid point, and all steps are carried out in sequence; if the grid points are judged to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 6 is carried out, and if the grid points are judged not to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 1 is carried out.
Second, efficient conversion process from TIN to Grid model
Preparation of data to be converted
Finding out the coverage range of all the data points to be converted, simultaneously reducing the coordinates of each data point to be converted, and subtracting the coordinates of the origin of the range.
(II) treatment of an irregular triangle
The processing of an irregular triangle comprises three steps: firstly, determining the minimum rectangular range containing irregular triangles, secondly, finding out grid points falling into the minimum rectangular range, and thirdly, interpolating grid point elevations.
(1) Determining a minimum rectangular extent containing irregular triangles
The minimum rectangle range containing the irregular triangle is determined, as shown in fig. 3, the minimum rectangle containing all the areas of the irregular triangle is found, and the three vertexes of the irregular triangle fall on the boundary of the minimum rectangle.
(2) Finding grid points falling within a minimum rectangular range
Al＝int(Amin/E)；
A2＝int(Amax/E)+1；
B1＝int(Bmin/E)；
B2＝int(Bmax/E)+1；
Amin，Amax，Bmin，BmaxE is the grid interval, then the grid points between (a1, B1) to (a2, B2) are all within the smallest rectangular region.
(3) Interpolated grid point elevation
Traversing the grid points in the minimum rectangular area one by one, judging whether the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangle, and interpolating the grid points if the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangleThe elevation value of the grid point is A if the three vertexes of the triangle are1(x1，y1)，A2(x2，y2)，A3(x3，y3) The judgment whether the lattice point is A (x, y) in the irregular triangle is as follows:
F1＝(y-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x)；
F2＝(y3-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x3)；
F3＝(y-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x2-x)；
F4＝(y1-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x1-x)；
F5＝(y-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x)；
F6＝(y2-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x2)；
if F1×F2Not less than 0 and F3×F4Not less than 0 and F5×F6If the grid point A is not less than 0, the grid point A is positioned in the irregular triangle;
the interpolation grid point elevations a1, a2, A3 determine a plane equation:
the elevation of the undetermined point a is then:
and obtaining the elevation value Z of the undetermined point A.
Thirdly, traversing the irregular triangular table to complete the conversion from TIN to Grid model
And traversing the irregular triangular table, interpolating the elevation of the Grid points if the Grid points are judged to be positioned in the irregular triangle, and sequentially processing one by one to finish the conversion from TIN to Grid model.
The method for efficiently converting TIN to Grid model under DEM provided by the invention adopts a conversion method to complete conversion only by traversing an irregular triangular table, avoids considering a complex data structure in the process of constructing an irregular triangular net, so that the method is simpler to realize and has higher calculation speed, because the range is determined according to the irregular triangle, the search range of the corresponding Grid point is smaller, meanwhile, the coordinate reduction processing in the calculation process is also beneficial to improving the efficiency, and the obtained result shows that the method of the invention obviously shortens the conversion time of different Grid distances and the conversion time of different resolutions compared with the method of the prior art, saves more than 26 percent of time, occupies less resources, has smaller errors before and after conversion and does not need to maintain frequently, the error probability is low, the method can be well popularized to practical application, and the practical value is high.
Claims (8)
- The method for efficiently converting the TIN to Grid model under the DEM architecture is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of converting TIN to Grid models into an interpolation Grid point elevation under a DEM framework, judging an irregular triangle to which a Grid point belongs by adopting a linear interpolation method for the interpolation Grid point elevation, and interpolating the Grid point elevation in a plane determined by the irregular triangle, wherein the core is that the irregular triangle in which the Grid point is located is rapidly searched;the method for efficiently converting the TIN to the Grid model under the DEM framework comprises the following steps:firstly, traversing and recording an irregular triangle table of each vertex of each irregular triangle, and determining a minimum rectangular range containing the irregular triangles for each irregular triangle;secondly, finding out grid points falling into a minimum rectangular range;and thirdly, traversing the grid points found in the second step and falling into the minimum rectangular range, judging whether the grid points are positioned in an irregular triangle, and if so, interpolating the elevation of the grid points.
- 2. The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture according to claim 1, wherein the specific method flow is as follows: step 1, reading an irregular triangle, step 2, determining a minimum rectangular range, step 3, finding grid points falling into the minimum rectangular range, step 4, traversing the grid points, step 5, judging whether the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangle, step 6, interpolating the elevation of the grid points, and sequentially performing the steps;if the grid points are judged to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 6 is carried out, and if the grid points are judged not to be located in the irregular triangle in the step 5, the step 1 is carried out.
- 3. The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-efficiency conversion process from the TIN to the Grid model comprises the steps of preparing data to be converted, processing an irregular triangle, and traversing an irregular triangle table to complete the conversion from the TIN to the Grid model;the processing of one of the irregular triangles includes determining a minimum rectangular range containing the irregular triangle, finding grid points falling within the minimum rectangular range, interpolating grid point elevations.
- 4. The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM according to claim 3, wherein in the preparation of data to be converted: finding out the coverage range of all the data points to be converted, simultaneously reducing the coordinates of each data point to be converted, and subtracting the coordinates of the origin of the range.
- 5. The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM architecture according to claim 3, wherein the minimum rectangle range containing the irregular triangle is determined, the minimum rectangle containing all the areas of the irregular triangle is found, and three vertexes of the irregular triangle fall on the boundary of the minimum rectangle.
- 6. A method for efficient conversion of TIN to Grid model under DEM architecture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the Grid points that fall within the smallest rectangular range are found:A1＝int(Amin/E)；A2＝int(Amax/E)+1；B1＝int(Bmin/E)；B2＝int(Bmax/E)+1；Amin，Amax，Bmin，Bmaxe is the grid interval, then the grid points between (a1, B1) to (a2, B2) are all within the smallest rectangular region.
- 7. A method for efficient conversion of TIN to Grid models under DEM architecture as in claim 3, wherein in interpolating Grid point elevations:traversing the grid points in the minimum rectangular area one by one, judging whether the grid points are positioned in the irregular triangle, if so, interpolating the elevation values of the grid points, and if three vertexes of the triangle are A1(x1，y1)，A2(x2，y2)，A3(x3，y3) The judgment whether the lattice point is A (x, y) in the irregular triangle is as follows:F1＝(y-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x)；F2＝(y3-y1)(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)(x1-x3)；F3＝(y-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x2-x)；F4＝(y1-y2)(x3-x2)+(y3-y2)(x1-x)；F5＝(y-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x)；F6＝(y2-y1)(x3-x1)+(y3-y1)(x1-x2)；if F1×F2Not less than 0 and F3×F4Not less than 0 and F5×F6If the grid point A is not less than 0, the grid point A is positioned in the irregular triangle;the interpolation grid point elevations a1, a2, A3 determine a plane equation:
the elevation of the undetermined point a is then:
and obtaining the elevation value Z of the undetermined point A. - 8. The method for efficiently converting TIN into Grid model under DEM according to claim 3, wherein the irregular triangular table is traversed to complete the conversion from TIN to Grid model: and traversing the irregular triangular table, interpolating the elevation of the Grid points if the Grid points are judged to be positioned in the irregular triangle, and sequentially processing one by one to finish the conversion from TIN to Grid model.
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| CN111899335A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Image generation method based on DEM |
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| CN111415414A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-14 | 江苏数创智能科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional space information processing method, equipment and storage medium thereof |
| CN111415414B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏数创智能科技发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional space information processing method, equipment and storage medium thereof |
| CN111899335A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Image generation method based on DEM |
| CN111899335B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Image generation method based on DEM |
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