CN110631817B - A reliability test device and test method for a replaceable broach mechanism - Google Patents
A reliability test device and test method for a replaceable broach mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN110631817B CN110631817B CN201910960724.3A CN201910960724A CN110631817B CN 110631817 B CN110631817 B CN 110631817B CN 201910960724 A CN201910960724 A CN 201910960724A CN 110631817 B CN110631817 B CN 110631817B
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种可替换式拉刀机构可靠性试验装置及试验方法，以解决当前电主轴可靠性试验装置不能针对关键零部件进行可靠性试验的局限性。所述电主轴与所述电主轴支撑模块的电主轴抱夹机构连接固定；所述可替换模拟刀柄模块通过可替换刀柄上部与所述电主轴内部拉刀机构连接固定；所述性能检测模块的工作平台底座与所述电主轴支撑模块的地平铁通过螺栓连接固定；所述刀柄进给模块安装于所述性能检测模块的工作平台底座上，所述刀柄辅助进给机构与所述可替换刀柄下部的凹槽配合。利用该试验装置，根据机床主轴或者试验主轴的型号，选择对应的可替换刀柄上部与可替换刀柄下部装配，继而进行功能试验、性能检测试验与故障诊断试验。
The present invention proposes a replaceable broaching mechanism reliability test device and test method to solve the limitation that the current electric spindle reliability test device cannot perform reliability tests on key components. The electric spindle is connected and fixed to the electric spindle clamping mechanism of the electric spindle support module; the replaceable simulated tool holder module is connected and fixed to the internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle through the replaceable tool holder upper part; the working platform base of the performance detection module and the ground iron of the electric spindle support module are connected and fixed by bolts; the tool holder feeding module is installed on the working platform base of the performance detection module, and the tool holder auxiliary feeding mechanism cooperates with the groove of the lower part of the replaceable tool holder. Using this test device, according to the model of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle, the corresponding replaceable tool holder upper part and the replaceable tool holder lower part are selected for assembly, and then functional tests, performance detection tests and fault diagnosis tests are carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool functional part test equipment, and particularly relates to a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and a test method.
Background
The broach mechanism is used as a key part of the electric spindle, and can automatically tighten and loosen a cutter in the electric spindle, so that the performance and the reliability of the broach mechanism have great influence on the running state of the electric spindle and even a machine tool and the machining precision of a workpiece. The traditional electric spindle reliability test device generally focuses on the loading and performance detection of the whole electric spindle under the simulated real working condition, and cannot perform the reliability test of key parts of the electric spindle. The reliability test device of the broach mechanism is designed to realize automatic pushing of the tool handle, perform functional tests, performance detection tests and fault diagnosis tests, and can provide a data basis for reliability research of the broach mechanism. The replaceable simulation tool handle for the threaded connection is designed, so that electric spindles of different types in field tests and bench tests can be simultaneously met, and the replaceability, portability, universality and functional diversity of the reliability device are realized. The reliability research of the broaching mechanism can be carried out according to the data of the times of tool changing, the tool changing time and the like recorded by the functional test, and the relation between the faults of the broaching mechanism and each performance parameter can be analyzed through the performance detection test and the fault diagnosis test.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the limitation that the reliability test can not be carried out on key parts of the electric spindle, the invention provides a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and a test method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The reliability test device for the replaceable broach mechanism comprises an electric spindle, an electric spindle supporting module, a replaceable simulation tool handle module, a performance detection module and a tool handle feeding module, wherein the electric spindle is fixedly connected with an electric spindle holding mechanism of the electric spindle supporting module, the replaceable simulation tool handle module is fixedly connected with the broach mechanism inside the electric spindle through the upper part of a replaceable tool handle, a working platform base of the performance detection module is fixedly connected with a horizontal iron of the electric spindle supporting module through bolts, the tool handle feeding module is mounted on a working platform base of the performance detection module, and the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism is matched with a groove in the lower part of the replaceable tool handle.
The electric spindle supporting module comprises an electric spindle clamping mechanism, an electric spindle supporting upright post and a ground flat iron, wherein the electric spindle clamping mechanism is fixed on the electric spindle supporting upright post through a bolt, and the electric spindle supporting upright post is fixed on the ground flat iron through a bolt.
The replaceable simulation tool handle module comprises a replaceable tool handle upper portion, a replaceable tool handle lower portion, a loading bearing and a bearing sleeve, wherein the replaceable tool handle upper portion comprises a BT tool handle and an HSK tool handle, the replaceable tool handle upper portion is connected with the replaceable tool handle lower portion through threads, the loading bearing is mounted on the replaceable tool handle lower portion in an interference fit mode, and the bearing sleeve is mounted on the loading bearing in an interference fit mode to achieve dynamic loading of the radial force loading device on the electric spindle.
The performance detection module comprises a sensor module, a radial force loading module, an integrated working platform, a working platform support and a working platform base, wherein the sensor module is fixed on the integrated working platform through bolts, the radial force loading module is fixed on the integrated working platform through bolts, the integrated working platform is connected with the tops of the two working platform supports through bolts, and the bottoms of the two working platform supports are fixedly connected with the working platform base through bolts.
The sensor module comprises a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II, a laser displacement sensor III, a sensor guide rail frame and a sensor support, wherein the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II and the laser displacement sensor III are fixedly connected to the sensor guide rail frame through bolts, the position of the sensor can be adjusted, performance detection is carried out on a test object, and the sensor guide rail frame is fixedly connected with the sensor support through bolts. The radial force loading module comprises a radial force loading device, a radial force loading device clamp and a radial force loading device bracket, wherein the radial force loading device is fixedly connected with the radial force loading device clamp, and the radial force loading device clamp is fixedly connected to the top of the radial force loading device bracket through a bolt.
The tool handle feeding module comprises a tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism, a feeding cylinder, a cylinder connecting plate and an electric turntable, wherein the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism is connected with the feeding cylinder through threads, and the feeding cylinder is fixedly connected with the cylinder connecting plate and the electric turntable through bolts.
The invention further provides a reliability test method by adopting the replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device, which comprises the steps of selecting the upper part of the corresponding replaceable tool shank and the lower part of the replaceable tool shank according to the model of a machine tool spindle or a test spindle, matching the grooves of the lower part of the assembled replaceable tool shank with an auxiliary tool shank feeding mechanism so as to realize self-locking of the two and pushing of the replaceable simulation tool shank module to the inner conical surface of the electric spindle, carrying out a functional test on the broach mechanism, recording the number of times of tool changing, time of tool changing and the like, providing a data basis for reliability analysis, carrying out a performance detection test on the broach mechanism, obtaining performance parameters such as dynamic and static stiffness, the broach force and the like of the joint surface of the spindle and the tool shank, and taking the performance parameters as criteria of static dynamics and fault diagnosis of the electric spindle, carrying out a fault diagnosis test on the broach mechanism, and diagnosing faults of the broach mechanism according to the obtained performance detection result and transient vibration of the broach process.
The method comprises the steps of enabling a feeding cylinder to carry out a tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism to move upwards from an initial position to push the replaceable simulated tool handle module to the inner conical surface of the electric spindle, enabling the inner conical surface of the electric spindle to be tightly combined with the outer conical surface of the upper part of the replaceable tool handle by the aid of the tool handle, enabling the lower part of the replaceable tool handle to be in a certain angle with the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism, enabling the feeding cylinder to carry out a self-locking operation with the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism to move downwards to the initial position, enabling a frequency converter controlling the electric spindle to rotate at a certain rotating speed, enabling the radial force loading device to be in contact with a groove of the bearing sleeve, enabling the electric spindle to be dynamically loaded in operation, enabling the electric spindle to be simulated under a real working condition, enabling the electric spindle to move for a certain period of time, unloading the radial force loading device to stop operation of the electric spindle, enabling the feeding cylinder to carry out an auxiliary feeding mechanism to move upwards from the initial position to the tool handle, enabling the lower part of the replaceable tool handle to be in a certain angle with the replaceable tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism to move downwards, enabling the electric spindle to be in reverse direction with the groove of the bearing sleeve to be in contact with the electric spindle, enabling the radial force loading device to be in contact with the groove of the electric spindle to be in operation with the bearing sleeve, enabling the electric spindle to be in operation with the replaceable simulation tool spindle to be in operation, and the dynamic loading mode to be in operation, and vice versa, and recording the time of the auxiliary feeding mechanism can be repeatedly carried out a time with the auxiliary feeding mechanism and the tool spindle and the auxiliary spindle.
In one embodiment of the invention, the performance detection test of the broaching mechanism comprises the steps of tensioning a broaching detection device through the broaching mechanism inside the electric spindle after the performance detection test is carried out to obtain broaching force, adjusting the position of the laser displacement sensor II on the sensor guide rail frame, enabling the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor II to be in a straight line with the force loading direction of the radial force loading device, enabling the radial force loading device to be in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve, applying different radial forces to obtain static stiffness, starting a frequency converter controlling the electric spindle, controlling the electric spindle to rotate with the broach at a certain rotating speed, enabling the radial force loading device to be in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve, applying different radial forces to obtain dynamic stiffness, enabling the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor III to be in position adjustment on the sensor guide rail frame, enabling the laser displacement sensor I and the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor III to be 90 degrees, and enabling the laser displacement sensor III to be in rotation precision.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fault diagnosis test of the broaching mechanism is carried out by adsorbing a vibration sensor on the end part of the electric spindle through magnetic force, installing a cylinder pressure sensor on a tool beating cylinder of the electric spindle, and carrying out the function test of the single broaching mechanism to obtain the transient vibration values and the tool beating cylinder pressure values of the broaching mechanism and the unclamping mechanism.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention discloses a reliability test device for a replaceable broach mechanism, which can perform reliability test on key parts of an electric spindle and solve the limitation in the reliability test of the whole electric spindle. The replaceable simulation tool handle for the threaded connection is designed, and electric spindles of different types are met, so that the replaceability, universality and functional diversity of the test device are realized, and the manufacturing cost of the simulation tool handle is reduced. The test device can realize the function test, the performance detection test and the fault diagnosis test of the broaching mechanism, and the reliability of the broaching mechanism is researched according to the test data. The reliability test device of the broach mechanism is designed, and the reliability test of the broach mechanism is developed, so that the reliability test device has important guiding significance for researching the reliability of the electric spindle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a reliability test apparatus for an exchangeable broaching mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the motorized spindle support module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an alternative simulated shank module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly of the upper portion of a BT-type replaceable tool shank and the lower portion of the replaceable tool shank according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly of an upper portion of an HSK-type replaceable tool shank and a lower portion of the replaceable tool shank according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a performance detection module according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a structure of a tool shank feeding module according to the present invention.
In the figure:
the electric spindle comprises a 1 electric spindle, a 2 electric spindle supporting module, a 2-1 electric spindle clamping mechanism, a 2-2 electric spindle supporting upright post, a 2-3 ground flat iron, a 3-1 replaceable simulation tool handle module, a 3-1 replaceable tool handle upper part, a 3-2 replaceable tool handle lower part, a 3-3 loading bearing, a 3-4 bearing sleeve, a 4 performance detecting module, a 4-1 sensor module, a 4-1-1 laser displacement sensor I, a 4-1-2 laser displacement sensor II, a 4-1-3 laser displacement sensor III, a 4-1-4 sensor guide rail frame, a 4-1-5 sensor bracket, a 4-2 radial force loading module, a 4-2-1 radial force loading device, a 4-2-2 radial force loading device bracket, a 4-2-3 radial force loading device bracket, a 4-3 integrated working platform, a 4-4 working platform bracket, a 4-5 working platform base, a 5 tool handle feeding module, a 5-1 auxiliary feeding mechanism, a 5-2 feeding cylinder, a 5-3 electric tool handle connecting plate and a 5-4 electric tool handle.
Detailed Description
In the first embodiment, the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 7. The embodiment provides a specific embodiment of a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device. The replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device comprises five modules, namely an electric spindle 1, an electric spindle supporting module 2, a replaceable simulation tool handle module 3, a performance detection module 4 and a tool handle feeding module 5, and is described with reference to FIG. 1. The electric spindle 1 is fixedly connected with an electric spindle holding and clamping mechanism 2-1 of an electric spindle supporting module 2, a replaceable simulation tool handle module 3 is fixedly connected with an internal broach mechanism of the electric spindle 1 through a replaceable tool handle upper portion 3-1, a working platform base 4-5 of a performance detecting module 4 is fixedly connected with a ground iron 2-3 of the electric spindle supporting module 2 through bolts, a tool handle feeding module 5 is mounted on the working platform base 4-5 of the performance detecting module 4, and the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 is matched with a groove of a lower portion 3-2 of the replaceable tool handle.
The electric spindle 1 is a tested product for the reliability test of the replaceable broach mechanism, and tested electric spindles of different types can be installed on the reliability test device of the replaceable broach mechanism to perform the reliability test.
The electric spindle supporting module 2 is a device for supporting a test electric spindle or a machine tool spindle, and comprises an electric spindle clamping mechanism 2-1, an electric spindle supporting upright post 2-2 and a horizontal iron 2-3, and is shown in fig. 2. The electric spindle holding and clamping mechanism 2-1 is used for fixing and clamping the electric spindle, prevents the axial movement of the electric spindle through interference fit, ensures the stability of fixing, and is fixed on the electric spindle supporting upright post 2-2 through bolts. The electric spindle supporting upright post 2-2 is provided with a sliding groove and a row of threaded holes, and the electric spindle supporting upright post can be fixedly connected with threaded holes at different positions through the electric spindle clamping mechanism 2-1 to adjust the axial position of the electric spindle on the test device. Considering the weight of the test main shaft and the dead weight of the supporting part parts, in order to simulate the working state of the vertical machine tool and ensure that the supporting part has enough rigidity and strength, the electric main shaft supporting upright post 2-2 is designed into a square upright post, is internally provided with a ribbed plate and is fixed on the ground flat iron 2-3 through bolts.
The replaceable simulation tool handle module 3 is a main part of a tool pulling mechanism reliability test device and comprises a replaceable tool handle upper part 3-1, a replaceable tool handle lower part 3-2, a loading bearing 3-3 and a bearing sleeve 3-4, and is shown in FIG. 3. In order to simultaneously meet the requirements of reliability tests and performance detection of electric spindles of different types in field tests and bench tests on the same test device, threaded connection between the upper part 3-1 of the replaceable cutter handle and the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle is designed, so that the manufacturing cost of the simulated cutter handle is reduced, and the replaceability and universality of the simulated cutter handle are realized. According to the model of the electric spindle of most numerical control machine tools, the replaceable tool shank upper part 3-1 mainly designed in the invention mainly comprises a BT tool shank and an HSK tool shank, and the sectional views of the detailed two assemblies of the replaceable tool shank upper part and the replaceable tool shank lower part are respectively referred to fig. 4 and 5. The bottom of the replaceable knife handle lower part 3-2 is provided with a groove with a specific shape, and the replaceable knife handle lower part can be matched with a convex part at the top of the knife handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1, and the two types of self-locking can be realized by rotating a certain angle, so that the replaceable simulation knife handle module 3 is prevented from falling off. The groove of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle is designed into a fan shape, and the area of the top of the groove is increased to the greatest extent on the premise of ensuring the rotation, so that the self-locking stability of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism 5-1 is realized. In order to realize dynamic loading and performance detection of the motorized spindle 1, the loading bearing 3-3 is installed on the lower portion 3-2 of the replaceable tool shank in an interference fit mode, and the bearing sleeve 3-4 is installed on the loading bearing 3-3 in an interference fit mode. The bearing sleeve 3-4 is provided with a groove on the outer side, and can be matched with a loading head of the radial force loading device 4-2-1, so that the stress area is increased to ensure the effectiveness of force loading. The loading bearing 3-3 and the bearing sleeve 3-4 are arranged at the outer side of the bottom end of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable tool handle, so that the real working condition of the electric spindle 1 in-situ processing on a numerical control machine tool, namely the stress at the tool tip of the electric spindle, can be simulated.
The performance detection module 4 is an important part for detecting the performance of the broaching mechanism, and can detect the dynamic and static rigidity, broaching force and other performance parameters of the joint surface of the spindle and the tool handle, and mainly comprises a sensor module 4-1, a radial force loading module 4-2, an integrated working platform 4-3, a working platform bracket 4-4 and a working platform base 4-5, and is shown in FIG. 6. The sensor module 4-1 and the radial force loading module 4-2 are fixed on the integrated working platform 4-3 through bolts. The two work platform supports 4-4 are designed into a Z shape, the top is provided with a positioning plane and a threaded hole which can be connected with the integrated work platform 4-3 through bolts, and the bottom is provided with a positioning plane and a threaded hole which can be fixedly connected with the work platform base 4-5 through bolts. The sensor module 4-1 can measure the displacement of the motorized spindle 1 in a specific direction and comprises a laser displacement sensor I4-1-1, a laser displacement sensor II4-1-2, a laser displacement sensor III4-1-3, a sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4 and a sensor bracket 4-1-5. The laser displacement sensor I4-1-1, the laser displacement sensor II4-1-2 and the laser displacement sensor III4-1-3 are fixedly connected to the sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4 through bolts, so that the adjustment of the sensor position can be realized, and the performance of a test object can be detected. The sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4 is fixedly connected with the sensor support frame 4-1-5 through bolts. The radial force loading module 4-2 is an auxiliary device for detecting the performance of the broach mechanism, and comprises a radial force loading device 4-2-1, a radial force loading device holding clamp 4-2-2 and a radial force loading device bracket 4-2-3. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is fixedly connected with the radial force loading device holding clamp 4-2-2. The radial force loading device holding clamp 4-2-2 is fixedly connected to the top of the radial force loading device bracket 4-2-3 through bolts. In the present invention, various radial loading devices may be selected for loading, and will not be described herein.
The tool shank feeding module 5 can realize feeding movement of the replaceable simulation tool shank module 3, drives the replaceable simulation tool shank module 3 to be pushed upwards to the inner conical surface of the electric spindle 1 and to be pushed downwards to an initial position, so as to complete an automatic tool changing process and simulate tool feeding actions of a manipulator in an actual numerical control machine tool. The cutter handle feeding module 5 comprises a cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1, a feeding cylinder 5-2, a cylinder connecting plate 5-3 and an electric turntable 5-4, and is shown in FIG. 7. The auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle is connected with the feeding cylinder 5-2 through threads. The feeding cylinder 5-2 is fixedly connected with the cylinder connecting plate 5-3 and the electric turntable 5-4 through bolts. The feed cylinder 5-2 refers to the model SC-50 x 150-S-FB of aldehyder. The electric turntable 5-4 refers to the type of Paidiwei px110-200, and can be driven by a motor to rotate for a certain angle to drive the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle, the feeding cylinder 5-2 and the cylinder connecting plate 5-3 to rotate for a corresponding angle, so that the self-locking and unlocking of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle are completed.
In a second embodiment, this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1. The embodiment provides a specific embodiment of a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test method. The reliability test method of the replaceable broach mechanism specifically comprises the following steps:
And 1, selecting the upper part 3-1 of the replaceable cutter handle and the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle of the corresponding BT or HSK model to be assembled through threads according to the model of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle.
And 2, matching the groove at the lower part of the assembled replaceable cutter handle with the cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1, enabling the electric turntable 5-4 to rotate for a certain angle, realizing self-locking of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle and the cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1, and placing the replaceable simulation cutter handle module 3 at an initial position.
And 3, performing a functional test on the broaching mechanism, which is the basis of performing a reliability test on the broaching mechanism, exciting faults by repeating the tool changing action, recording the tool changing times, the tool changing time, the running time of the electric spindle with the tool, the loading time of the electric spindle with the tool, and the like, and providing data for the reliability research of the broaching mechanism. The feeding cylinder 5-2 carries the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 for pushing the replaceable simulation tool handle module 3 up from the initial position to the inner conical surface position of the electric spindle 1. The internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle 1 performs broaching, so that the inner conical surface of the electric spindle 1 is tightly combined with the outer conical surface of the upper part 3-1 of the replaceable tool handle. The electric turntable 5-4 rotates for a certain angle, the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism 5-1 are released from self-locking, and the feeding cylinder 5-2 carries the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism 5-1 to descend to an initial position. Starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, controlling the electric spindle to rotate with a cutter at a certain rotating speed, enabling the radial force loading device 4-2-1 to be in contact with a groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, dynamically loading the running electric spindle, simulating the running of the electric spindle 1 with the cutter under real working conditions for a period of time, unloading the radial force loading device 4-2-1, and stopping the running of the electric spindle 1. The feeding cylinder 5-2 is provided with the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle, the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle ascends from an initial position to the inside of a groove of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle, the electric turntable 5-4 reversely rotates for a certain angle, and the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the cutter handle are self-locked. The feeding cylinder 5-2 is provided with the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the knife handle and the replaceable simulation knife handle module 3 to descend to an initial position, and the steps are repeated.
And 4, performing a performance detection test on the broaching mechanism, and obtaining performance parameters such as dynamic and static rigidity, broaching force and the like of the joint surface of the main shaft and the tool handle, and taking the performance parameters as criteria of static and dynamic properties and fault diagnosis of the electric main shaft. After the function test is carried out, the broach detecting device is tensioned through a broach mechanism in the electric spindle 1, so that the broach force is obtained. And adjusting the position of the laser displacement sensor II4-1-2 on the sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4, and enabling the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor II4-1-2 and the force loading direction of the radial force loading device 4-2-1 to be in the same straight line. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is contacted with the groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, and different radial forces are applied to obtain static rigidity. And starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, and controlling the electric spindle to rotate with the cutter at a certain rotating speed. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is contacted with the groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, and different radial forces are applied to obtain dynamic stiffness. And adjusting the positions of the laser displacement sensor I4-1-1 and the laser displacement sensor III4-1-3 on the sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4, and enabling the testing directions of the laser displacement sensor I4-1-1 and the laser displacement sensor III4-1-3 to be 90 degrees so as to obtain rotation precision.
And 5, performing a fault diagnosis test on the broaching mechanism, and diagnosing whether the broaching mechanism has faults or not according to the obtained performance detection result and the transient vibration of the broaching process. The vibration sensor is adsorbed to the end part of the electric spindle 1 through magnetic force, and the cylinder pressure sensor is arranged on the tool striking cylinder of the electric spindle 1. And performing a function test of the single broach mechanism to obtain and record transient vibration values of the broach and the loose broach and pressure values of the broaching cylinder.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reliability of the broaching mechanism is researched by taking the broaching mechanism of the key part of the electric spindle as a research object. The invention can carry out functional test, performance detection test and fault diagnosis test aiming at broach mechanisms of electric spindles of different models on the basis of the established test device. The functional test and the performance detection test are the basis of the reliability test, and provide a judgment basis for the fault diagnosis test. The repeated tool change function test may trigger a specific failure of the broaching mechanism and cause a change in a specific performance parameter to determine whether the failure has occurred and to determine the failure mode.
Through the reliability test steps of the cyclically repeated broaching mechanism, the accumulated test data are analyzed, and the achievable research content mainly comprises the following aspects:
1. the relation between the related fault mode of the disc spring and broach force, dynamic and static rigidity and rotation precision;
2. The relation between the fault mode related to the disc spring and the transient vibration of the pulling and loosening knife;
3. the relation between the fault mode related to the disc spring and the pressure value of the cutter striking cylinder;
4. a relationship between a knife cylinder related failure mode and a knife cylinder pressure value;
5. the relation between the pull claw related fault mode and the broach force, dynamic and static rigidity and rotation precision;
6. the relation between the pull claw related fault mode and the pull and loose cutter transient vibration;
7. relationship between various performance parameters of the motorized spindle;
8. The relationship between the number of tool changes, the tool changing time, the running time of the electric spindle with the tool, the loading time of the electric spindle with the tool and the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF).
In summary, the invention provides a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device, so as to realize automatic feeding and changing of a tool shank, and perform functional tests, performance detection tests and fault diagnosis tests. The reliability test of the device provides a data basis for the reliability research of the broach mechanism, so as to solve the limitation that the reliability test of key parts cannot be carried out by the current electric spindle reliability test device.
Claims (4)
1. A replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device is characterized in that:
The electric spindle comprises an electric spindle (1), an electric spindle supporting module (2), a replaceable simulation tool handle module (3), a performance detecting module (4) and a tool handle feeding module (5), wherein the electric spindle (1) is fixedly connected with an electric spindle holding and clamping mechanism (2-1) of the electric spindle supporting module (2), the replaceable simulation tool handle module (3) is fixedly connected with a broach mechanism in the electric spindle (1) through the upper part (3-1) of a replaceable tool handle, a working platform base (4-5) of the performance detecting module (4) is fixedly connected with a horizontal iron (2-3) of the electric spindle supporting module (2) through bolts, the tool handle feeding module (5) is mounted on the working platform base (4-5) of the performance detecting module (4), the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the tool handle feeding module (5) is matched with a groove in the replaceable lower part (3-2) of the replaceable simulation tool handle module (3), and the electric spindle supporting module (2) comprises a holding and clamping mechanism (2-1) of the electric spindle supporting module (2), the electric spindle holding and clamping mechanism (2-1) is fixed on the electric spindle supporting upright post (2-2) through a bolt, and the electric spindle supporting upright post (2-2) is fixed on the horizontal iron (2-3) through a bolt;
The electric spindle supporting upright post (2-2) is provided with a sliding groove and a row of threaded holes, and is fixedly connected with the threaded holes at different positions through the electric spindle clamping mechanism (2-1) to adjust the axial position of the electric spindle on the test device;
The replaceable simulation tool handle module (3) comprises a replaceable tool handle upper portion (3-1), a replaceable tool handle lower portion (3-2), a loading bearing (3-3) and a bearing sleeve (3-4), wherein the replaceable tool handle upper portion (3-1) comprises a BT tool handle and an HSK tool handle, the replaceable tool handle upper portion (3-1) and the replaceable tool handle lower portion (3-2) are connected through threads, the loading bearing (3-3) is installed on the replaceable tool handle lower portion (3-2) in an interference fit mode, the bearing sleeve (3-4) is installed on the loading bearing (3-3) in an interference fit mode, and dynamic loading of the radial force loading device (4-2-1) of the performance detection module (4) on the electric spindle (1) is achieved;
The performance detection module (4) comprises a sensor module (4-1), a radial force loading module (4-2), an integrated working platform (4-3), a working platform support (4-4) and a working platform base (4-5), wherein the sensor module (4-1) is fixed on the integrated working platform (4-3) through bolts, the radial force loading module (4-2) is fixed on the integrated working platform (4-3) through bolts, the integrated working platform (4-3) is connected with the tops of the two working platform supports (4-4) through bolts, and the bottoms of the two working platform supports (4-4) are fixedly connected with the working platform base (4-5) through bolts;
The sensor module (4-1) comprises a laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1), a laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2), a laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3), a sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4) and a sensor support (4-1-5), wherein the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1), the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) are fixedly connected to the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4) through bolts to realize the adjustment of the position of the sensor, performance detection is carried out on a test object, the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4) is fixedly connected with the sensor support (4-1-5) through bolts, and the radial force loading module (4-2) comprises a radial force loading device (4-2-1), a radial force loading device (4-2-2) and a clamping device (4-2-2), the radial force loading device comprises a radial force loading device bracket (4-2-3), wherein the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is fixedly connected with a radial force loading device holding clamp (4-2-2), and the radial force loading device holding clamp (4-2-2) is fixedly connected to the top of the radial force loading device bracket (4-2-3) through a bolt;
The cutter handle feeding module (5) comprises a cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1), a feeding air cylinder (5-2), an air cylinder connecting plate (5-3) and an electric turntable (5-4), wherein the cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) is connected with the feeding air cylinder (5-2) through threads, and the feeding air cylinder (5-2) is fixedly connected with the air cylinder connecting plate (5-3) and the electric turntable (5-4) through bolts.
2. The method for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism by using the testing device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
according to the model of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle, the corresponding upper part (3-1) of the replaceable tool handle is selected to be assembled with the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable tool handle;
Matching a groove at the lower part of the assembled replaceable tool handle with an auxiliary tool handle feeding mechanism (5-1) so as to realize self-locking of the replaceable tool handle and pushing the replaceable simulation tool handle module (3) to the inner conical surface of the electric spindle (1);
Performing a functional test on the broaching mechanism, recording the times of tool changing and the time of tool changing, and providing a data base for reliability analysis;
Performing a performance detection test on the broaching mechanism to obtain dynamic and static stiffness and broaching force performance parameters of the joint surface of the spindle and the tool handle, and taking the parameters as criteria of static and dynamic properties and fault diagnosis of the electric spindle;
Performing a fault diagnosis test on the broaching mechanism, and diagnosing faults of the broaching mechanism according to the obtained performance detection result and transient vibration of the broaching process;
wherein, when carrying out broach mechanism function test specifically include:
The feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism (5-1) to push the replaceable simulation cutter handle module (3) to the inner conical surface of the electric spindle (1) from the initial position in an upward direction;
The internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle (1) performs broaching, so that the internal conical surface of the electric spindle (1) is tightly combined with the external conical surface of the upper part (3-1) of the replaceable tool handle;
The electric turntable (5-4) rotates for a certain angle, the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism (5-1) are released from self-locking, and the feeding air cylinder (5-2) drives the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism (5-1) to descend to an initial position;
Starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, controlling the electric spindle to rotate with a cutter at a certain rotating speed, enabling the radial force loading device (4-2-1) to be in contact with a groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4), and dynamically loading the running electric spindle to realize simulation of a real working condition;
the motorized spindle (1) runs for a period of time with a knife, unloads the radial force loading device (4-2-1), and stops the motorized spindle (1);
The feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the cutter handle, the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the cutter handle ascends from an initial position to the inside of a groove of the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable cutter handle, the electric turntable (5-4) reversely rotates for a certain angle, and the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the cutter handle are self-locked;
the feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the knife handle and the replaceable simulation knife handle module (3) to descend to an initial position;
Repeating the steps, and recording the times of tool changing, the time of tool changing, the running time of the electric spindle with the tool, and the loading time of the electric spindle with the tool.
3. The method for testing the reliability of a replaceable broaching mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the performance test of the broaching mechanism comprises:
after a functional test is carried out, the broach detection device is tensioned through a broach mechanism in the electric spindle (1) so as to obtain a broach force;
The position of the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) is adjusted on the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4), and the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) and the force loading direction of the radial force loading device (4-2-1) are in the same straight line;
the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is contacted with the groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4), and different radial forces are applied to obtain static rigidity;
Starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, and controlling the electric spindle to rotate with a knife at a certain rotating speed;
the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is contacted with the groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4) to apply different radial forces so as to obtain dynamic stiffness;
And adjusting the positions of the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) on the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4), and enabling the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) to be 90 degrees so as to obtain rotation precision.
4. The method for testing the reliability of a replaceable broaching mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the step of performing the failure diagnosis test of the broaching mechanism comprises:
the vibration sensor is adsorbed to the end part of the electric spindle (1) through magnetic force, and the cylinder pressure sensor is arranged on a cutter striking cylinder of the electric spindle (1);
And performing a function test of the single broach mechanism to obtain transient vibration values of the broach and the loose broach and a pressure value of the broaching cylinder.
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| CN114264462B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-03-22 | 吉林大学 | Reliability test bed and method for double-motorized spindle broach mechanism |
| CN115046750A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-13 | 深圳市创世纪机械有限公司 | Tool changing life experimental device and method for main shaft |
| CN116038428A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-05-02 | 清华大学 | Vertically installed multi-model motorized spindle accuracy monitoring test bench considering gravity factors |
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