CN110603947A - A kind of onion harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a onion harvester in the technical field of agricultural machinery, which comprises an excavating shovel, a limiting wheel, a limiting bracket, a baffle, a speed change device, an arc-shaped shifting fork separating mechanism, an arc-shaped shifting fork belt wheel, arc-shaped teeth, a railing, an elevator driving shaft belt wheel, an elevator large chain wheel, an elevator chain wheel shaft, a connecting rod, a scraper blade, a chain, a conveying belt, a root removing device, a collecting device, a slicing knife cover, a slicing knife roller, a slicing knife, a spine-shaped wheel, a cover disc belt wheel and a spine-shaped wheel belt wheel, wherein the excavating shovel is arranged on the front side of the arc-shaped shifting fork separating mechanism, the limiting wheels are arranged at two ends of the excavating shovel, the limiting wheel and the excavating shovel are connected through the limiting bracket, the top of the limiting bracket is connected with the baffle, and the problems of low harvesting efficiency and high damage rate of the existing onion harvester are solved through the combination of the devices, the economical and practical performance is stronger.

Description

A kind of onion harvester

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an onion harvester.

Background technique

Onion is a biennial herbaceous plant with fleshy scales and bulbs in the Allium genus of the Liliaceae family. It is also known as jade onion, shallot, and onion. The onion is native to Central Asia, and the Near East and the Mediterranean coast are the second origin. It has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years and was introduced to my country in the early 20th century. Onion has a special spicy flavor because of its volatile sulfide. It can be fried, cooked or seasoned, and can also be processed into dehydrated vegetables. Small varieties can also be pickled. It has the functions of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fat, relaxing blood vessels and inhibiting cancer. It is an ideal health-care vegetable and is known as the "Queen of Vegetables" abroad.

Onion production is widely distributed in the world. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in 2004 the world's onion planting area was 3 million hm ² , and the output reached 53.4 million tons; in 2003, the global trade volume was 1.085 billion US dollars. The top 10 onion producing countries are: China, India, the United States, Turkey, Pakistan, Russia, Iran, Japan, Brazil, and Spain. The main exporting countries of onions are India, the Netherlands, China, the United States, Egypt, Spain, etc.; the main imports The countries are Russia, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada and so on.

Although the history of onion planting in my country is short, it has developed rapidly. In recent years, it has played an important role in adjusting the industrial structure in rural areas and helping farmers increase their income. At present, China's onion production accounts for 34% of the world's total, and its planting area ranks first in the world. According to FAO statistics, China's onion planting area increased from 286,000 hm ² in 1992 to 850,000 hm ² in 2004, and its output increased from 5.43 million tons increased to 18 million tons. In 2003, my country exported 450,000 tons of onions, earning foreign exchange of about 85 million US dollars, and the international market share was 9.7%. my country's onions are mainly exported to Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries, accounting for about 60% of Japan's total onion imports. The main domestic onion production areas are distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan and other provinces, while Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places have also shown large-scale planting. Hainan Island, Yuanmou in Yunnan, Jiuquan in Gansu, Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Linyi, Jinxiang, and Yutai in East China, Nanyang in Henan, Liaoyang and Yingkou in Liaoning, and Xinxing Base in Inner Mongolia are the main onion growing areas in my country.

After the onion bulbs are fully grown, the leaves gradually wither and turn yellow, and the pseudostems turn from hard to soft and partly lodging. This is a sign that the onion has matured and stopped nutrient accumulation. It can be harvested when about 2/3 of the plants are lodging. Onion plants can be treated before harvesting, usually by spraying chemicals and cutting seedlings.

my country's onion planting areas are widely distributed and the geographical environment is complex. Although large-scale planting has occurred in many places, the vast rural areas are still dominated by decentralized small-scale production methods; the planting models are complex, including both ridge farming and flat farming, and various cultivars , The distance between rows and plants is not uniform, which greatly restricts the development of onion harvesting machinery. At present, there are not many domestic researches on onion harvesting machines, and the start also lags behind peanuts, garlic and other rhizome harvesting machines. Although there are individual patented technologies, they have not yet formed actual products. At present, there is no suitable and special onion harvesting machine in China. It only increases and expands the function of onion harvesting on the basis of garlic, potatoes, peanuts and other harvesting machines. Mechanized combined harvesting is still blank.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an onion harvester to solve the problems of low harvesting efficiency and high damage rate of existing machines for onion harvesting proposed in the background art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an onion harvester, including a digging shovel, a limit wheel, a limit bracket, a baffle, a speed change device, an arc-shaped shift fork separation mechanism, and an arc-shaped shift fork pulley , arc-shaped teeth, railings, elevators, elevator driving shaft pulleys, elevator large sprockets, elevator sprocket shafts, connecting rods, scrapers, chains, conveyor belts, root removal devices, collection devices, Slicing knife cover, slicing knife roller, slicing knife, ratchet wheel, cover pulley and ratchet pulley, the excavating shovel is installed on the front side of the arc-shaped shift fork separation mechanism, and the two ends of the excavating shovel are installed Limiting wheel, the limiting wheel and the excavating shovel are connected by a limiting bracket, the top of the limiting bracket is connected to the baffle, the top of the baffle is connected to the speed change device, and the arc fork is separated The mechanism is installed on the front side of the elevator, and the arc-shaped fork separation mechanism includes an arc-shaped fork pulley, an arc-shaped tooth and a railing, and the railing is installed between the digging shovel and the arc-shaped tooth, and the railing The left and right sides are connected with the baffle, the inner wall of the arc-shaped tooth is meshed with the arc-shaped shift fork pulley, and the elevator is installed on the front side of the conveyor belt, and the elevator includes the elevator driving shaft belt wheel, elevator large sprocket, elevator sprocket shaft, connecting rod, scraper and chain, the elevator drive shaft pulley is connected with the arc-shaped shift fork pulley through a chain, and the elevator large chain The wheel is installed on the outer wall of the sprocket shaft of the elevator, the two ends of the connecting rod and the scraper are screwed with the chain, the conveyor belt is installed on the inner cavity rear side wall of the baffle, and the root removing device is installed on the The right side of the device and the conveyor belt, the derooting device includes a slicing knife cover, a slicing knife roller, a slicing knife, a ratchet wheel, a cover pulley and a ratchet pulley, and the slicing knife cover is installed on the slicing knife roller The outer wall of the slicing knife is installed on the slicing knife roller, the ratchet wheel is installed between two adjacent slicing knife rollers, and the cover pulley is installed on the right side of the slicing knife roller and the ratchet wheel. The ratchet pulley is installed on the right side of the cover disc pulley, and the collection device is installed at the bottom of the front side of the root removal device.

Preferably, the transmission device includes a transmission, a traction bracket and a traction hanger, the transmission is installed in the middle of the traction hanger, the two ends of the traction hanger are installed on the top of the traction bracket, and the bottom of the traction bracket is connected to the The limit bracket is connected, and the power output end of the transmission is connected with the arc shift fork pulley through a chain.

Preferably, a ratchet wheel shaft is installed at the connection between the elevator and the conveyor belt, and the two ends of the ratchet wheel shaft are connected to the pulley of the drive shaft of the elevator through a chain, and the conveyor belt includes a conveyor belt and a bearing seat , the power output ends of the two bearing seats are connected to both ends of the inner wall of the conveyor belt.

Preferably, the left and right ends of the root removal device are equipped with a root removal device support beam, the other end of the root removal device support beam is connected with a baffle bolt, and the bottom of the collection device is in an inverted cone shape.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: through the arrangement of the onion harvester, the structural design is reasonable, and the onion harvester can collect mature onions in a timely and efficient manner, greatly reducing labor demand , improve the harvesting quality of onion, the onion harvester designed in the present invention is mainly aimed at harvesting the onion after removing seedlings, and the whole machine is mainly composed of excavation mechanism, separation mechanism, lifting mechanism, conveying mechanism, root removal mechanism and collection mechanism. Mechanism composition, the digging shovel excavates the onion from the soil, separates the soil in the separation mechanism, and then through lifting and transportation, the onion reaches the root removal mechanism to remove the virtual root, and finally collects it through the collector. This design adopts an arc The fork structure separates the soil, relying on the concavity of the arc to receive the onion and transport it backwards. At the same time, the onion on the arc surface rubs against the arc teeth to make the surface soil layer fall off. The smoothness of the arc structure itself It can also reduce the damage to the surface of the onion. In addition, a device for removing the roots of the onion is designed in this paper. Through the relative movement of the blade and the conveying cover, the virtual roots at the bottom of the onion are cut off to improve the harvest quality of the onion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 digging shovel, 2 limit wheel, 3 limit bracket, 36 ratchet axle, 4 baffle plate, 5 speed change device, 51 speed changer, 52 traction bracket, 53 traction hanger, 6 arc shift fork separation mechanism, 61 arc-shaped shift fork pulley, 62 arc-shaped teeth, 63 railing, 7 elevator, 71 elevator drive shaft pulley, 72 elevator large sprocket, 73 elevator sprocket shaft, 74 connecting rod, 75 Scraper, 76 chain, 8 conveyor belt, 81 conveyor belt, 82 bearing seat, 9 derooting device, 90 collecting device, 91 slicing knife cover, 92 slicing knife roller, 93 slicing knife, 94 ratchet wheel, cover pulley 95, 96 ratchet pulleys, 97 root removal device support beam.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention provides the following technical solutions: an onion harvester, which is used to solve the problems of low harvesting efficiency and high damage rate of the existing onion harvester, please refer to Figure 1-2, including digging shovel 1, limit wheel 2. Limiting bracket 3, baffle plate 4, transmission device 5, arc-shaped shift fork separation mechanism 6, arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61, arc-shaped tooth 62, railing 63, elevator 7, elevator driving shaft belt Wheel 71, elevator large sprocket 72, elevator sprocket shaft 73, connecting rod 74, scraper 75, chain 76, conveyor belt 8, root removal device 9, collection device 90, slicer cover 91, slicer roller 92, slicing knife 93, ratchet wheel 94, cover disc pulley 95 and ratchet pulley 96;

Please refer to Fig. 1 again, the excavating shovel 1 is installed on the front side of the arc-shaped fork separation mechanism 6, the two ends of the excavating shovel 1 are equipped with limit wheels 2, and the limit wheels 2 and the excavating shovel 1 are connected by a limit bracket 3 , the top of the limit bracket 3 is connected to the baffle 4, and the top of the baffle 4 is connected to the transmission device 5;

Please refer to Fig. 1-2 again, the arc-shaped shift fork separation mechanism 6 is installed on the front side of the elevator, and the arc-shaped shift fork separation mechanism 6 includes an arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61, an arc-shaped tooth 62 and a railing 63, and the railing 63 Installed between the digging shovel 1 and the arc-shaped tooth 62, the left and right sides of the railing 63 are connected to the baffle plate 4, and the inner wall of the arc-shaped tooth 62 is meshed with the arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61;

Please refer to Fig. 1-2 again, the elevator 7 is installed on the front side of the conveyor belt 8, and the elevator 7 includes an elevator driving shaft pulley 71, an elevator large sprocket 72, an elevator sprocket shaft 73, Connecting rod 74, scraper 75 and chain 76, elevator driving shaft belt pulley 71 is connected with arc shift fork belt pulley 61 by chain 76, and elevator large chain wheel 72 is installed on the outer wall of elevator sprocket shaft 73, The two ends of connecting rod 74 and scraper 75 are threadedly connected with chain 76;

Please refer to Figure 1-2 again, the conveyor belt 8 is installed on the rear side wall of the inner cavity of the baffle plate 4, and the conveyor belt is connected to the rear side wall of the baffle plate through bolts;

Please refer to Fig. 2 again, the root removal device 9 is installed on the right side of the elevator 7 and the conveyor belt 8, and the root removal device 9 includes a slicer cover 91, a slicer roller 92, a slicer 93, a ratchet wheel 94, and a cover plate Belt pulley 95 and ratchet pulley 96, slicing knife cover 91 is installed on the outer wall of slicing knife roll 92, and slicing knife 93 is installed on the slicing knife roll 92, and ratchet wheel 94 is installed between adjacent two slicing knife rolls 92 Between, the cover disc pulley 95 is installed on the right side of the slicing knife roller 92 and the ratchet wheel 94, the ratchet pulley 96 is installed on the right side of the cover disc pulley 95, and the collection device 90 is installed in front of the root removing device 9 side bottom.

In the specific use process, the digging shovel 1 digs the onion out of the ground, and the transmission 51 on the transmission device 5 rotates to drive the arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61 to rotate, thereby moving the onion to the arc-shaped tooth 62 through the railing 63 On the top, the arc-shaped tooth 62 drives the onion to advance to the elevator 7 through the rotation of the arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61, and the elevator driving shaft pulley 71 on the elevator 7 passes through the chain 76 and the arc-shaped shift fork pulley 61 connection to drive the rotation of the elevator driving shaft pulley 71, so that the connecting rod 74 and the scraper 75 rotate through the chain 76 to transport the onion to the next level, and at the same time the large sprocket 71 of the elevator passes through the elevator The sprocket shaft 73 drives the rotation and assists the rotation of the connecting rod 74. The rotation of the onion through the ratchet wheel shaft 36 makes the onion reach the conveyor belt 8, and the rotation of the bearing in the bearing seat 82 on the conveyor belt 8 drives the rotation of the conveyor belt 81. , the onion on the conveyor belt 81 is transported to the root removal device 9, the slicing knife cover 91 is set on the cover plate, and rotates to the direction in which the onion is transported, the main function of the slicing knife cover 91 is to transport the onion, and The onion is rotated during the conveying process, so that the virtual root can be in contact with the blade of the slicer knife 93, and the slicer knife 93 is installed on the slicer knife roller 92, and the blade adopts a forked structure, so that the virtual root can be efficiently removed , here requires that the turning direction of the slicing knife roller 92 is opposite to that of the slicing knife cover 91, and the rotating speed of the slicing knife 93 is higher than that of the slicing knife cover 91. After being conveyed, the slicing knife roller 92 reversely rotates at a higher speed, thereby removing the rhizome of the onion, and the onion with the rhizome removed arrives at the collecting device 90 and then packs it into bags.

Please refer to Fig. 1 again, the transmission device 5 comprises a speed changer 51, a traction bracket 52 and a traction hanger 53, the speed changer 51 is installed in the middle part of the traction hanger 53, and the two ends of the traction hanger 53 are installed on the top of the draw bracket 52, and the draw bracket The bottom of 52 is connected with limit bracket 3, and the power output end of speed changer 51 is connected with arc shift fork pulley 61 by chain 76.

Please refer to Fig. 1-2 again, the joint of elevator 7 and conveyor belt 8 is equipped with ratchet wheel shaft 36, and the two ends of ratchet wheel shaft 36 are connected with elevator drive shaft belt pulley 71 by chain, and conveyor belt 8 includes Conveyor belt 81 and bearing housing 82, the power output ends of two bearing housings 82 are connected with the inner wall two ends of conveying belt 81.

Please refer to Fig. 2 again, the left and right ends of the root removal device 9 are equipped with a root removal device support beam 97, and the other end of the root removal device support beam 97 is connected with the baffle plate 4 bolts, and the bottom of the collection device 90 is inverted tapered.

While the invention has been described above with reference to certain embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for parts thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the various embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be used in combination with each other in any way, and the description of these combinations is not exhaustive in this specification only for the sake of Omit length and resource conservation considerations. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. An onion harvester, characterized in that: comprising digging shovel (1), limit wheel (2), limit support (3), baffle plate (4), speed change device (5), arc shift fork Separation mechanism (6), arc-shaped shift fork pulley (61), arc-shaped tooth (62), railing (63), elevator (7), elevator driving shaft pulley (71), elevator large Sprocket (72), elevator sprocket shaft (73), connecting rod (74), scraper (75), chain (76), conveyor belt (8), root removal device (9), collection device (90) , slicing knife cover (91), slicing knife roller (92), slicing knife (93), ratchet wheel (94), cover disc pulley (95) and ratchet pulley (96), described digging shovel ( 1) Installed on the front side of the arc-shaped fork separation mechanism (6), the two ends of the excavating shovel (1) are equipped with limit wheels (2), and the limit wheel (2) and the excavating shovel (1) The space is connected by a limit bracket (3), the top of the limit bracket (3) is connected with the baffle (4), the top of the baffle (4) is connected with the speed change device (5), and the arc dial The fork separation mechanism (6) is installed on the front side of the elevator (7), and the arc-shaped fork separation mechanism (6) includes an arc-shaped fork pulley (61), an arc-shaped tooth (62) and a railing (63 ), the railing (63) is installed between the digging shovel (1) and the arc-shaped teeth (62), the left and right sides of the railing (63) are connected with the baffle (4), and the arc-shaped teeth (62 ) is meshed with the arc-shaped fork pulley (61), and the elevator (7) is installed on the front side of the conveyor belt (8), and the elevator (7) includes the elevator drive shaft belt wheel (71), elevator large sprocket (72), elevator sprocket shaft (73), connecting rod (74), scraper (75) and chain (76), the elevator driving shaft pulley (71) is connected with the arc-shaped fork pulley (61) by a chain (76), and the large sprocket (72) of the elevator is installed on the outer wall of the sprocket shaft (73) of the elevator, and the connecting rod (74 ) and the two ends of the scraper (75) are threadedly connected with the chain (76), the conveyor belt (8) is installed on the inner chamber rear side wall of the baffle (4), and the root removal device (9) is installed on the lift The right side of the carrier (7) and the conveyor belt (8), the root removal device (9) includes a slicer cover (91), a slicer roll (92), a slicer (93), a ratchet wheel (94) , cover disc pulley (95) and ratchet pulley (96), described slicing knife cover (91) is installed on the outer wall of slicing knife roll (92), and described slicing knife (93) is installed on slicing knife roll ( 92), the ratchet wheel (94) is installed between two adjacent slicing knife rollers (92), and the cover pulley (95) is installed between the slicing knife roller (92) and the ratchet wheel. On the right side of (94), the ratchet pulley (96) is installed on the right side of the cover disc pulley (95), and the collection device (90) is installed on the front bottom of the root removal device (9). 2. a kind of onion harvester according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described speed change device (5) comprises speed changer (51), traction bracket (52) and traction hanger (53), and described speed changer ( 51) installed in the middle of the traction hanger (53), the two ends of the traction hanger (53) are installed on the top of the traction bracket (52), the bottom of the traction bracket (52) and the limit bracket (3) Connected, the power output end of the speed changer (51) is connected with the arc shift fork pulley (61) through a chain (76). 3. A kind of onion harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: a ratchet-shaped wheel shaft (36) is installed at the junction of the elevator (7) and the conveyor belt (8), and the ratchet-shaped The two ends of wheel axle (36) are connected with elevator driving shaft belt pulley (71) by chain, and described conveyor belt (8) comprises conveyor belt (81) and bearing seat (82), and two described bearing seats (82 ) is connected with the inwall two ends of the conveyor belt (81). 4. A kind of onion harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the left and right ends of the root removal device (9) are equipped with root removal device support beams (97), and the root removal device support beams The other end of (97) is bolted to the baffle (4), and the bottom of the collection device (90) is in an inverted cone shape.