CN110595923B - Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and shaft pressure control method thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and shaft pressure control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/06—Multidirectional test stands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and a shaft pressure control method thereof, wherein the electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device comprises a control module, a horizontal actuator, a remote control electromagnet, a counter-force wall and a displacement sensor positioned at the remote control electromagnet; a horizontal counter-force beam is arranged at the upper part of the counter-force wall; the top end of the test piece is adjacent to the counter-force beam; the first repulsive magnetic pole of the remote control electromagnet is arranged on the lower end face of the counter-force beam, and the second repulsive magnetic pole is connected with the top end of the test piece through a spherical hinge; the horizontal actuator is connected with the top of the test piece to apply a horizontal displacement load; a pressure sensor is arranged between the top end of the test piece and the spherical hinge; the remote control electromagnet applies axial pressure to the test piece through magnetic pole repulsive force, the control module measures the length of an air gap between the first repulsive force magnetic pole and the second repulsive force magnetic pole through the displacement sensor, and adjusts the magnetic force of the remote control electromagnet according to the change of the length of the air gap so as to keep the axial pressure born by the test piece unchanged; the invention can improve the vertical shaft pressure loading mode in the structure quasi-static test, so that the test result is more practical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering structural performance test and research, in particular to an electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and a shaft pressure control method thereof.
Background
Although with the development of finite element technology, numerical simulation of the structural seismic catastrophe process can be achieved to some extent. But the experimental study results are still in control. The pseudo static vibration table test is one of the most common methods for researching the earthquake response, the damage mode and the damage mechanism of the structure, and is an important means for evaluating the earthquake resistance of the structure.
In the test of the pseudo static vibration table, the vertical force and the horizontal force are loaded, but the existing vertical force loading device, namely the axial pressure loading device, has the defects that the applied axial pressure is constant, the test process can generate additional limiting force and the like. The existing axial pressure loading device mostly adopts jack loading, but when the loading point applies reciprocating displacement loading, additional limiting force such as additional eccentric force is generated, and if a pulley is installed as a counter-force support for jack loading so as to reduce the limiting force, the test cost can be increased, and the friction coefficient of the pulley needs to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electromagnetic axial pressure loading device and an axial pressure control method thereof, which can improve a vertical axial pressure loading mode in a structure quasi-static test and lead the test result to be more practical.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An electromagnetic axial pressure loading device is used for applying axial pressure to a test piece and comprises a control module, a horizontal actuator, a remote control electromagnet (9), a counter-force wall (1) and a displacement sensor (10) positioned at the remote control electromagnet; a horizontal counter-force beam (3) is arranged at the upper part of the counter-force wall; the top end of the test piece (5) is adjacent to the counter-force beam; the remote control electromagnet comprises a first repulsive magnetic pole and a second repulsive magnetic pole which are arranged in parallel; the first repulsive magnetic pole is arranged on the lower end face of the counter-force beam; the second repulsive magnetic pole is connected with the top end of the test piece through a spherical hinge;
the horizontal actuator is fixed on the counter-force wall, and the force output end of the horizontal actuator is connected with the top of the test piece so as to apply a displacement load in the horizontal direction to the test piece; a pressure sensor (7) for measuring the axial pressure value born by the test piece is arranged between the top end of the test piece and the spherical hinge;
the control module measures the length of an air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole through the displacement sensor, and adjusts the magnetic force of the remote control electromagnet according to the change of the length of the air gap so as to keep the axial pressure born by the test piece unchanged.
The displacement sensor is positioned at the side edge of the second repulsive magnetic pole.
The test piece (5) is arranged below the counter-force beam and is fixed on the bearing platform (4); the pressure sensor is arranged on the cushion block (6).
The method for controlling the axial pressure of the electromagnetic axial pressure loading device comprises the following steps of;
step S1, selecting an applicable electromagnet model as a remote control electromagnet according to the axial pressure to be applied, and firstly applying axial pressure to a test piece by the remote control electromagnet when the horizontal actuator does not output displacement load;
s2, in the remote control electromagnet, the relation between the current and the magnetic force and the length of the air gap are as follows;
G δ mu, is the air gap flux guide 0 For magnetic permeability, a is the side length of the remote control electromagnet, delta is the air gap length,the magnetic flux is magnetic flux of the end face of the magnetic pole, I is the current, W is the number of turns of the coil, S is the total area of the surface of the magnetic pole, F is the repulsive force generated by the working remote control electromagnet, and the length delta of the air gap and the current I are independent variables; after the horizontal actuator starts to load displacement according to a preset displacement loading curve, the change of the length of the air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole is measured through a displacement sensor.
The method further comprises a step S3;
in step S3, the displacement of the horizontal actuator is loaded with the following formula;
here let F * Because other parameters are determined, =f, the current magnitude Δi=i to be adjusted can be obtained * -I。
The method further comprises a step S4;
in step S4, the control module includes a single-chip microcomputer controller, a computer system, and an electromagnet remote controller, and the working voltage of the remote control electromagnet is controlled by the control module to adjust the working current of the remote control electromagnet, so as to adjust the electromagnetic repulsive force between the first repulsive force magnetic pole and the second repulsive force magnetic pole to adjust the axial pressure born by the test piece;
the adjustment process is based on the following general formulas of current, shaft pressure and air gap length;
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize single-point and multi-point loading and axle pressure follow-up loading; the loading surface of the electromagnet can be kept to be parallel to the upper plane constantly, and the effect of vertical downward consistent with the actual gravity is achieved; and under the load of reciprocating displacement, the electromagnet is not in mechanical contact, so that no additional limiting force such as friction force, additional eccentric force and the like can be generated. The invention has convenient installation, economy and practicability, and can adjust the axle pressure in the loading process, thereby being more practical.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention without output force from a horizontal actuator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal actuator according to the present invention when the test piece is deformed by the displacement load.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention
In the figure: 1-a counterforce wall; 2-a horizontal actuator; 3-a counter-force beam; 4-bearing platform; 5-test piece; 6-cushion blocks; 7-a pressure sensor; 8-spherical hinge; 9-remote control electromagnet; 10-a displacement sensor; 101-a first repulsive magnetic pole; 102-second repulsive magnetic pole.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, an electromagnetic axial pressure loading device is used for applying axial pressure to a test piece, and comprises a control module, a horizontal actuator, a remote control electromagnet 9, a counter-force wall 1 and a displacement sensor 10 positioned at the remote control electromagnet; a horizontal counter-force beam 3 is arranged at the upper part of the counter-force wall; the top end of the test piece 5 is adjacent to the counter-force beam; the remote control electromagnet comprises a first repulsive magnetic pole 101 and a second repulsive magnetic pole 102 which are arranged in parallel; the first repulsive magnetic pole is arranged on the lower end face of the counter-force beam; the second repulsive magnetic pole is connected with the top end of the test piece through a spherical hinge 8;
the horizontal actuator is fixed on the counter-force wall, and the force output end of the horizontal actuator is connected with the top of the test piece so as to apply a displacement load in the horizontal direction to the test piece; a pressure sensor 7 for measuring the axial pressure value born by the test piece is arranged between the top end of the test piece and the spherical hinge;
the control module measures the length of an air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole through the displacement sensor, and adjusts the magnetic force of the remote control electromagnet according to the change of the length of the air gap so as to keep the axial pressure born by the test piece unchanged.
The displacement sensor is positioned at the side edge of the second repulsive magnetic pole.
The test piece 5 is arranged below the counter-force beam and is fixed on the bearing platform 4; the pressure sensor is arranged on the cushion block 6.
The method for controlling the axial pressure of the electromagnetic axial pressure loading device comprises the following steps of;
step S1, selecting an applicable electromagnet model as a remote control electromagnet according to the axial pressure to be applied, and firstly applying axial pressure to a test piece by the remote control electromagnet when the horizontal actuator does not output displacement load;
s2, in the remote control electromagnet, the relation between the current and the magnetic force and the length of the air gap are as follows;
G δ mu, is the air gap flux guide 0 For magnetic permeability, a is the side length of the remote control electromagnet, delta is the air gap length,the magnetic flux is magnetic flux of the end face of the magnetic pole, I is the current, W is the number of turns of the coil, S is the total area of the surface of the magnetic pole, F is the repulsive force generated by the working remote control electromagnet, and the length delta of the air gap and the current I are independent variables; after the horizontal actuator starts to load displacement according to a preset displacement loading curve, the change of the length of the air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole is measured through a displacement sensor.
The method further comprises a step S3;
in step S3, the displacement of the horizontal actuator is loaded with the following formula;
here let F * Because other parameters are determined, =f, the current magnitude Δi=i to be adjusted can be obtained * -I。
The method further comprises a step S4;
in step S4, the control module includes a single-chip microcomputer controller, a computer system, and an electromagnet remote controller, and the working voltage of the remote control electromagnet is controlled by the control module to adjust the working current of the remote control electromagnet, so as to adjust the electromagnetic repulsive force between the first repulsive force magnetic pole and the second repulsive force magnetic pole to adjust the axial pressure born by the test piece, so that the axial pressure born by the test piece is kept unchanged;
the adjustment process is based on the following general formulas of current, shaft pressure and air gap length;
examples:
after the device is started, the remote control electromagnet applies axial pressure to the top of the test piece, then the horizontal actuator applies horizontal displacement load to the top of the test piece, so that the test piece deforms and the top generates horizontal displacement, at the moment, the magnetic repulsive surfaces of the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole generate relative movement change, so as to prevent the axial pressure change born by the test piece, the control module controls the working voltage of the remote control electromagnet to adjust the working current of the remote control electromagnet, and the axial pressure born by the test piece is adjusted by adjusting the electromagnetic repulsive force between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole, so that the axial pressure born by the test piece is kept unchanged.
Claims (3)
1. An electromagnetic axial pressure loading device for applying axial pressure to a test piece, characterized in that: the loading device comprises a control module, a horizontal actuator, a remote control electromagnet (9), a counter-force wall (1) and a displacement sensor (10) positioned at the remote control electromagnet; a horizontal counter-force beam (3) is arranged at the upper part of the counter-force wall; the top end of the test piece (5) is adjacent to the counter-force beam; the remote control electromagnet comprises a first repulsive magnetic pole and a second repulsive magnetic pole which are arranged in parallel; the first repulsive magnetic pole is arranged on the lower end face of the counter-force beam; the second repulsive magnetic pole is connected with the top end of the test piece through a spherical hinge;
the horizontal actuator is fixed on the counter-force wall, and the force output end of the horizontal actuator is connected with the top of the test piece so as to apply a displacement load in the horizontal direction to the test piece; a pressure sensor (7) for measuring the axial pressure value born by the test piece is arranged between the top end of the test piece and the spherical hinge;
the control module measures the length of an air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole through a displacement sensor, and adjusts the magnetic force of the remote control electromagnet according to the change of the length of the air gap so as to keep the axial pressure born by the test piece unchanged;
the method for controlling the axial pressure of the electromagnetic axial pressure loading device comprises the following steps of;
step S1, selecting an applicable electromagnet model as a remote control electromagnet according to the axial pressure to be applied, and firstly applying axial pressure to a test piece by the remote control electromagnet when the horizontal actuator does not output displacement load;
s2, in the remote control electromagnet, the relation between the current and the magnetic force and the length of the air gap are as follows;
G δ mu, is the air gap flux guide 0 For magnetic permeability, a is the side length of the remote control electromagnet, delta is the air gap length,the magnetic flux is magnetic flux of the end face of the magnetic pole, I is the current, W is the number of turns of the coil, S is the total area of the surface of the magnetic pole, F is the repulsive force generated by the working remote control electromagnet, and the length delta of the air gap and the current I are independent variables; after the horizontal actuator starts to carry out displacement loading according to a preset displacement loading curve, measuring the length change of an air gap between the first repulsive magnetic pole and the second repulsive magnetic pole through a displacement sensor;
further comprising a step S3;
in step S3, the displacement of the horizontal actuator is loaded with the following formula;
here let F * Because other parameters are determined, =f, the current magnitude Δi=i to be adjusted can be obtained * -I；
Further comprising a step S4;
in step S4, the control module includes a single-chip microcomputer controller, a computer system, and an electromagnet remote controller, and the working voltage of the remote control electromagnet is controlled by the control module to adjust the working current of the remote control electromagnet, so as to adjust the electromagnetic repulsive force between the first repulsive force magnetic pole and the second repulsive force magnetic pole to adjust the axial pressure born by the test piece, so that the axial pressure born by the test piece is kept unchanged;
the adjustment process is based on the following general formulas of current, shaft pressure and air gap length;
2. an electromagnetic axle pressure loading apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensor is positioned at the side edge of the second repulsive magnetic pole.
3. An electromagnetic axle pressure loading apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the test piece (5) is arranged below the counter-force beam and is fixed on the bearing platform (4); the pressure sensor is arranged on the cushion block (6).
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911016224.0A CN110595923B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and shaft pressure control method thereof |
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| CN201911016224.0A CN110595923B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device and shaft pressure control method thereof |
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| CN110595923B true CN110595923B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008196571A (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-28 | Hiroaki Tokunaga | Magnetic spring control apparatus, and cushioning apparatus using the magnetic spring control apparatus |
| CN102706734A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-03 | 北京工业大学 | Loading test device and method of asymmetric lateral-force-resisting structure |
| WO2019148547A1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | 东北大学 | Large-sized deep cavern group three-dimensional physical model test system and method |
| CN210953676U (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-07-07 | 福州大学 | Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device |
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- 2019-10-24 CN CN201911016224.0A patent/CN110595923B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008196571A (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-28 | Hiroaki Tokunaga | Magnetic spring control apparatus, and cushioning apparatus using the magnetic spring control apparatus |
| CN102706734A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-03 | 北京工业大学 | Loading test device and method of asymmetric lateral-force-resisting structure |
| WO2019148547A1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | 东北大学 | Large-sized deep cavern group three-dimensional physical model test system and method |
| CN210953676U (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-07-07 | 福州大学 | Electromagnetic shaft pressure loading device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 大型结构构件地震作用模拟装置MUST的研发及加载控制验证;肖岩;孙意斌;徐金俊;单波;郭玉荣;姚祥;;建筑结构学报(第06期);全文 * |
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