CN110594839A - Combined heat and power supply type heating system and heating method - Google Patents
Combined heat and power supply type heating system and heating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110594839A CN110594839A CN201910874728.XA CN201910874728A CN110594839A CN 110594839 A CN110594839 A CN 110594839A CN 201910874728 A CN201910874728 A CN 201910874728A CN 110594839 A CN110594839 A CN 110594839A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0228—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with conventional heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
Abstract
The invention provides a combined heat and power heating system and a heating method. The heat supply system comprises a biomass furnace heat supply subsystem, an electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem and the like, and is used for outputting hot water for a radiator for improving the ambient temperature. The biomass furnace heat supply subsystem comprises a combustion furnace, a furnace heat exchange device and a flue gas-water heat exchanger arranged at a chimney of the combustion furnace, wherein the flue gas-water heat exchanger comprises a first sub heat exchanger and a second sub heat exchanger. The electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem comprises a heat pump device, wherein the heat pump device comprises a compressor, an expansion valve, an evaporator for recovering heat energy and a condenser for outputting hot water. The combined heat and power supply type heating system and the heating method can realize the full heat utilization of solid biomass energy, and the heat pump device is driven by electric power to provide auxiliary heating, thereby saving the total cost of heating and realizing the combined heating of heat energy and electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building heating systems, in particular to a combined heat and power heating system and a heating method.
Background
Under the background that the traditional energy is gradually exhausted, the biomass energy is an ideal alternative energy, the biomass energy plays an important role in the development of renewable energy in China, and the key task of the development of the biomass energy is to accelerate the popularization of heat supply of a biomass briquette boiler and provide renewable clean heat for villages, towns, industrial parks and public and commercial facilities in areas with resources and market conditions, particularly in areas with serious atmospheric pollution situation, such as Beijing jin Jilu, Changqi, Zhu triangular and northeast China where coal-fired boilers are rejected and have relatively heavy tasks, and rural areas where scattered coal is consumed more. However, in the areas of Jingjin Jilu, Changtriangle, Zhu triangle, northeast and the like and rural areas with more bulk coal consumption at present, the situation of heat supply reformation is not optimistic, and a plurality of problems exist: the total amount of the biomass fuel is limited, the raw materials are difficult to collect and produce, the cost is high, and the heat supply amount cannot be met by singly adopting the biomass fuel; (2) the combustion furnace of the biomass briquette fuel has low efficiency, a large amount of heat is discharged outdoors through flue gas, and the part of heat is not recycled.
In the heating systems in the areas, a plurality of systems adopt an air source heat pump heating technology, the efficiency of the heat pump is too low and even the heat pump is shut down under the condition that the outdoor temperature of the air source heat pump is lower, and the electric charge of the electrically driven air source heat pump is high, and the heating electric charge of the whole heating season is higher than that of the heating by using scattered coal.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems that the efficiency of biomass briquette fuel in the prior art is low, a large amount of heat is discharged outdoors through smoke, the part of heat is not recycled, and the cost of simply using an air source heat pump for heat supply is high, the invention creatively provides a heat and electricity combined supply type heat supply system and a heat supply method, so as to improve the utilization rate of biomass energy combustion and fully utilize valley electricity to save electricity charge.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
according to one aspect of the invention, the heating system includes a biomass furnace heating subsystem and an electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem for outputting hot water to a radiator that increases the temperature of the surrounding environment. The biomass furnace heat supply subsystem comprises a combustion furnace, a furnace heat exchange device and a flue gas-water heat exchanger arranged at a chimney of the combustion furnace, and the flue gas-water heat exchanger comprises a first sub heat exchanger and a second sub heat exchanger. The system comprises an electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem, a heat pump device and a control system, wherein the electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem comprises a heat pump device, and the heat pump device comprises a compressor, an expansion valve, an evaporator for recovering heat energy and a condenser for outputting hot water;
this heating system still includes:
a heat storage tank disposed on a return line of the radiator;
a first circulation line which sequentially communicates the first sub heat exchanger, the in-furnace heat exchange device, and the radiator to form a first circulation, the first circulation line being connected in series to the hot water storage tank through a first three-way valve on a line between the radiator and the first sub heat exchanger;
the second circulating pipeline is communicated with the evaporator and the second sub heat exchanger to form circulation, and the heat storage water tank and the second sub heat exchanger are connected to the evaporator in parallel through a second three-way valve;
a third circulation line communicating the condenser and the radiator to form a third circulation;
the first circulation pipeline, the second circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are respectively provided with a first pump, a second pump and a third pump;
a control system that shuts down the biomass furnace heating subsystem and the first circulation line for a predetermined period of time each day.
In some embodiments, the heat pump device is a centralized heat pump device, the respective water outlet ends of the first circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are communicated to a water separator, and the respective water return ends of the first circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are connected to a water collector; the outlet end of the water separator is connected to the radiator, and the inlet end of the water collector is connected to the radiator.
In some embodiments, the first circulation line is provided with a water knockout first inlet valve at the inlet end of the water knockout vessel, and the third circulation line is provided with a water knockout third inlet valve at the inlet end of the water knockout vessel; the first circulating pipeline is provided with a first outlet valve of the water collector at the outlet end of the water collector; and a third outlet valve of the water collector is arranged at the outlet end of the water collector of the third circulating pipeline.
In some embodiments, the radiator includes a high temperature radiator and a low temperature radiator, and the radiator in the first circulation line is a high temperature radiator.
In some embodiments, the radiator in the third circulation line is a low temperature radiator.
In some embodiments, the heat pump apparatus is a plurality of distributed sub heat pump apparatuses, each of the sub heat pump apparatuses is installed adjacent to each of the low temperature radiators, and the second circulation line includes a branch communicated to an evaporator of each of the distributed sub heat pump apparatuses.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, a heating method according to the cogeneration heating system described above is also disclosed, the heating method including a day operation mode and a night operation mode. The daytime running mode includes: starting a combustion furnace, starting the first pump, the second pump and the third pump, and simultaneously operating the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem for combined heat supply; the first three-way valve is adjusted to be communicated with the heat storage water tank, the heat storage water tank is connected in series to enter the first circulation pipeline, and the heat storage water tank is in a heat storage state. The night operation mode includes: closing the combustion furnace, closing the first pump, adjusting the second three-way valve to a state of communicating the second circulation pipeline, and opening the second pump and the third pump, wherein the electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem operates independently; the heat storage water tank is connected in parallel to enter the second circulation pipeline, and the heat storage water tank is in a heat release state.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is also disclosed a heating method according to the cogeneration heating system described above, wherein the combustion furnace is connected to the high temperature radiator by furnace water circulation; the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem respectively supply heat, wherein the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem supplies high-temperature hot water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃, and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem supplies hot water with the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is also disclosed a heating method according to the cogeneration heating system described above, wherein the combustion furnace is connected to the high temperature radiator by furnace water circulation; the flue gas-water heat exchanger directly supplies heat to the low-temperature radiator through the second circulating pipeline; the distributed sub heat pump devices are distributed at the user end, the evaporators of the distributed sub heat pump devices are also communicated with the upstream of the second circulation pipeline, and the condensers of the distributed sub heat pump devices are communicated with the downstream of the second circulation pipeline; the distributed sub heat pump device supplements heat for the low-temperature radiator.
In the embodiments, the heating system can be regarded as a combined heat and power biomass heating system, and the whole heating system can be divided into a biomass furnace heating subsystem and an electric drive heat pump heating subsystem, and the two subsystems share the heat demand of the user side. The electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem fully utilizes the heat of the flue gas discharged by the biomass briquette fuel combustion furnace, performs heat recovery of low-temperature flue gas through the flue gas-water heat exchanger, utilizes electric drive, adopts the heat pump device to raise the temperature, and can adopt electric energy to compensate the temperature of the heat pump device according to the requirement of terminal heating equipment so as to reach the preset heating standard.
The heat supply system and the heat supply method not only fully utilize the heat Of biomass combustion, but also fully utilize the heat Of flue gas recycled by the heat pump device, utilize the waste heat Of the combustion flue gas Of biomass fuel as a low-temperature heat source Of an electrically driven heat pump, have stable temperature Of the heat source, and have the temperature Of the flue gas higher than the outdoor environment temperature in winter, so that the evaporation temperature Of the heat pump system is greatly improved, the COP (Coefficient Of Performance) value Of the heat pump system is in a high level at any moment, and the electric energy can be saved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages that can be achieved with the present invention are not limited to the specific details set forth above, and that these and other objects that can be achieved with the present invention will be more clearly understood from the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. For purposes of illustrating and describing some portions of the present invention, corresponding parts of the drawings may be exaggerated, i.e., may be larger, relative to other components in an exemplary apparatus actually manufactured according to the present invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not so relevant to the present invention are omitted. It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.
It is also noted herein that the term "coupled," if not specifically stated, may refer herein to not only a direct connection, but also an indirect connection in which an intermediate is present. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
The medium for heat exchange and heat transfer referred to in this disclosure is "water", and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other liquids or fluids capable of heat transfer and heat exchange, including liquids or gases of single and mixed substances, have equivalent effects and should be considered as alternatives with equivalent effects.
In view of the problems that the efficiency of biomass briquette fuel in the prior art is low, a large amount of heat is discharged outdoors through smoke, the part of heat is not recycled, and the cost of simply using an air source heat pump for heat supply is high, the invention creatively provides a heat and electricity combined supply type heat supply system and a heat supply method, so as to improve the utilization rate of biomass energy combustion and fully utilize valley electricity to save electricity charge.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a cogeneration heating system is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the cogeneration heating system of the present invention mainly includes a biomass furnace heating subsystem, an electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem, a heat storage water tank, and the like, for outputting hot water to a radiator for raising the temperature of the surrounding environment.
The biomass furnace heat supply subsystem comprises a combustion furnace 1, a furnace heat exchange device and a flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 arranged at a chimney 4 of the combustion furnace 1, wherein the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 comprises a first sub heat exchanger and a second sub heat exchanger. Wherein the first sub heat exchanger and the second sub heat exchanger can be arranged at different height positions of the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3.
The furnace 1 may be selected as a biomass furnace or a biomass briquette furnace. The combustion furnace 1 comprises a feed chute 2, an air inlet, a chimney 4, a flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 arranged at the chimney 4, and the like. In some embodiments, the heat exchange device in the furnace can adopt a tubular heat exchange structure, a plate heat exchange structure and the like. The combustion furnace 1 is connected with the heat collector through a furnace water circulation or a plate heat exchanger 5 which exchanges heat with the furnace water circulation. When the heat collector needs hot water or steam with higher temperature, the heat collector can be directly connected with a furnace water circulation circuit of the combustion furnace, so that the efficiency is higher; when the heat collector needs hot water with medium temperature, the plate heat exchanger 5 can be connected with the heat collector through a pipeline, wherein the plate heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with high-temperature hot water or steam of water circulation in the furnace.
The electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem can comprise a heat pump device, the heat pump device can adopt an electric compression type heat pump device, the temperature can also be compensated by using electric energy, and the heat pump device can comprise an evaporator 8, a compressor 6, a condenser 7 and an expansion valve 9 which are connected with the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3. The evaporator 8 of the heat pump device is used for recovering heat energy from the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3, and the condenser 7 of the heat pump device is connected with the heat collector and used for outputting hot water. The heat pump firstly obtains low-grade heat energy from the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3, works by electric power, and then provides the high-grade heat energy which can be utilized to the heat supply end.
For example, the heat pump device exchanges heat with hot water of the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 through the evaporator 8 to absorb the flue gas waste heat. Meanwhile, the working medium in the evaporator absorbs heat and is vaporized and sucked into the compressor, the compressor 6 compresses the low-pressure working medium gas into high-temperature and high-pressure gas and sends the high-temperature and high-pressure gas into the condenser 7, the condenser 7 can also be used as a heat exchanger of a heat pump device and a circulating heat supply pipeline, latent heat is released when the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium gas is condensed, and circulating water of the circulating heat supply pipeline absorbs heat through the condenser 7 and then is sent to a radiator or a heat supply tail end. The working medium of the heat pump device flows into the evaporator again through the throttling action of the expansion valve 9 after being cooled by the condenser 7. The expansion valve 9 can make the medium temperature high pressure working medium gas become low temperature low pressure wet steam through its throttle, then the working medium absorbs the heat in the evaporimeter, the expansion valve also can be through the change of the superheat degree of evaporimeter terminal to control the valve flow, prevents to appear that the evaporimeter area from utilizing inadequately etc.. The heat energy in the flue gas is continuously pumped to the heat supply end for the user to use.
In these embodiments, after the biomass briquette is burned, flue gas is generated, and due to the fact that the biomass fuel has a large volatile content and a high flue gas temperature, when the flue gas is discharged from the chimney 4 to the outside, the flue gas passes through the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 (which may also be called an economizer), the heat exchange amount in the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 is large, and the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the outside is low, for example, can be controlled within a range below 30 ℃. Because the temperature of the discharged flue gas is lower, the heat generated after the biomass briquette is combusted is fully utilized, and the overall heat utilization rate of the fuel is improved.
In these embodiments, the water side circulation in the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 can be divided into two parts, one part is at the upstream of the flue gas channel of the heat exchanger, the hot water of the part can be merged into the circulating water produced by the combustion furnace, the temperature is higher, the other part is at the downstream of the flue gas channel of the heat exchanger, the temperature is lower, and the part of the circulating water can be used as the low-temperature heat source for driving the heat pump heating subsystem. Of course, the water side circulation in the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 can also be completely merged into the driving heat pump heating subsystem. Preferably, the first sub-heat exchanger 31 is arranged downstream of the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 and the second sub-heat exchanger 32 is arranged upstream of the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3.
Wherein the heat sink receives output hot water from the biomass furnace heating subsystem and/or the electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem and is used to increase the ambient temperature. The radiator can also be regarded as a terminal heating device, in some embodiments, the radiator may be the same radiator, or may include different high-temperature radiators and low-temperature radiators, and the radiator may be set differently according to different arrangement modes and heating modes. It can be understood that the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electrically driven heat pump heat supply subsystem can jointly supply heat to the radiator or the tail end heat supply equipment, and can also respectively supply heat to the radiator or the tail end heat supply equipment so as to be suitable for different application scenes.
Wherein the hot water storage tank 10 is arranged on a return pipeline of the radiator, and particularly can be arranged on a return pipeline of a biomass furnace heating subsystem. In some embodiments, the hot water storage tank 10 may also be connected to the evaporator 8 of the heat pump apparatus through a circulation line. The heat storage water tank 10 may be used to collect the residual heat of the return water in the return line of the radiator, reduce the temperature of the return water, and may be used as a heat source of the heat pump apparatus. In other embodiments, the hot water storage tank may also be used to regulate the amount of heat supplied.
The combined heat and power heating system further comprises pipelines for connecting the biomass furnace heating subsystem, the electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem, the radiator, the heat storage water tank and the like, for example: a first circulation line, a second circulation line, a third circulation line, etc. The first cycle is mainly used for the heat supply cycle of the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem to the heat collector, the third cycle is mainly used for the heat supply cycle of the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem to the heat collector, and the second cycle is mainly used for the heat source cycle of the heat pump device.
The first circulation pipeline is communicated with the first sub heat exchanger, the in-furnace heat exchange device and the radiator in sequence to form a first circulation. The first circulation line is connected in series with the hot water storage tank on a line between the radiator and the first sub heat exchanger through a first three-way valve F1. Wherein, the second circulation pipeline connects the evaporator 8 and the second sub heat exchanger to form circulation, and the hot water storage tank 10 is connected in parallel to the circulation pipeline of the evaporator 8 together with the second sub heat exchanger through the second three-way valve F2. Wherein a third circulation line communicates the condenser 9 and the radiator to form a third circulation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a first pump P1, a second pump P2 and a third pump P3 are respectively disposed in the first circulation pipeline, the second circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline, and are used for providing circulation power and promoting the circulation speed of water in the pipeline.
The combined heat and power heating system further comprises a control system, and the control system closes the biomass furnace heating subsystem and the first circulating pipeline within a preset time period every day. The control system can also be used for controlling the opening and closing of each valve and each pump so as to provide different heating modes in different time periods or flexibly adjust according to the low estimation of the biomass energy fuel or the electricity charge peak.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the heat pump apparatus is a centralized heat pump apparatus, the respective water outlet ends of the first circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are both connected to a water separator 11, and the respective water return ends of the first circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are both connected to a water collector 12; the outlet end of the water separator 11 is connected to the radiator, and the inlet end of the water collector 12 is connected to the radiator. The water separator is a device which disperses a path of inlet water into a plurality of paths of inlet water for output, and the water collector is a device which collects a plurality of paths of inlet water for output.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the first circulation line is provided with a water knockout first inlet valve F4A at the inlet end of the water knockout vessel 11, and the third circulation line is provided with a water knockout third inlet valve F4B at the inlet end of the water knockout vessel 11; the first circulation line is provided with a sump first outlet valve F3A at the outlet end of the sump 12; the third circulation line is provided with a sump third outlet valve F3B at the outlet end of the sump 12.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, an inlet valve and/or an outlet valve is mounted on at least one of the in-furnace heat exchanging apparatus, the first sub heat exchanger 31, the second sub heat exchanger 32, the hot water storage tank 10, and the radiator. These control valves F4 are installed in the respective water supply and return pipes to perform circuit switching.
At present, a small part of heating systems adopt absorption heat pumps, the absorption heat pumps are complex in system, the requirement on technical conditions during maintenance is high, and the absorption heat pumps are not suitable for small-sized users and are particularly not suitable for single-family residential buildings. The heating system can adopt an electrically driven compression type heat pump device, and utilizes the waste heat of the biomass energy, thereby not only improving the efficiency of the compression type heat pump, but also improving the heat utilization rate of the biomass fuel.
In these embodiments, the cogeneration heating system can be divided into a biomass fuel combustion heating subsystem (biomass furnace heating subsystem) and an electrically driven heat recovery heat pump heating subsystem (electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem), which share the heat demand of the user side. The electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem fully utilizes the heat of the flue gas discharged by the biomass briquette fuel combustion furnace, performs heat recovery of low-temperature flue gas through the flue gas-water heat exchanger, utilizes electric drive, adopts the heat pump device to raise the temperature, and can adopt electric energy to compensate the temperature of the heat pump device according to the requirement of terminal heating equipment so as to reach the preset heating standard. The heat supply system not only fully utilizes the heat Of biomass combustion, but also fully utilizes the heat Of flue gas recycled by the heat pump device, utilizes the waste heat Of the combustion flue gas Of biomass fuel as a low-temperature heat source Of an electrically driven heat pump, has stable temperature Of the heat source, has higher flue gas temperature than the outdoor environment temperature in winter, greatly improves the evaporation temperature Of the heat pump system, ensures that the COP (Coefficient Of Performance) value Of the heat pump system is in a high level at any time, and can save electric energy.
The low-temperature heat source of the heat pump device is provided by the waste heat of the flue gas of the biomass combustion furnace. The heat supply system can realize the full heat utilization of solid biomass energy, the heat pump system is driven by electric power to provide auxiliary heat supply, peak-valley electricity price difference can be utilized, the total heat supply cost is saved, and the combined heat supply of heat energy and electric energy is realized. The heat supply system has high heat energy utilization rate and obvious energy-saving effect, and can be widely popularized and applied to small and medium-sized heat supply systems.
In addition, due to poor economic conditions and weak technical strength in villages and small towns, a too complex heating system cannot be adopted, and the economic benefit of the system is required to be good. The combined heat and power supply type heating system provided by the invention is used for the projects of changing coal into electricity, changing coal into gas and the like in the current villages and small towns, the actual conditions of the villages and small towns are considered, a combined heating mode of biomass energy and electric energy is adopted, and the combined heat supply type heating system is particularly suitable for small and medium-sized users, and is particularly suitable for residential buildings with single-family heating area or small public buildings in the villages and small towns.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 shows that the combined heat and power heating system biomass furnace heating subsystem and the electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem of the invention supply heat to the same terminal heating equipment or radiator in a day and night manner. In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, biomass briquette fuel enters a combustion furnace 1 from a feed chute 2, air enters from an air inlet, the biomass briquette fuel generates heat in the furnace after combustion, high-temperature steam or hot water can be generated after heat exchange with water, and the specific temperature can be determined according to actual requirements.
In this embodiment, a plate heat exchanger 5, which exchanges heat with the combustion furnace through water circulation in the furnace, is connected to the radiator. Wherein high temperature steam (or hot water) flows through the plate heat exchanger 5 to complete water circulation in the combustion furnace 1. The circulating water sent from the first pump P1 is heat-exchanged by the plate heat exchanger 5 to generate high-temperature hot water. According to the heat demand of an actual user and the type of the biomass combustion furnace, the temperature of the circulating water can be selected within the range of 60-95 ℃ so as to adapt to different tail end heat dissipation equipment or radiators.
In this embodiment, high temperature hot water is sent to the water separator 11, and sent to the radiator through the water separator 11, return water flows back to the water collector 12, and the return water flows through the first three-way valve F1, the first three-way valve F1 functions to control the flow direction of the return water through the heat collecting water tank 10, and the heat collecting water tank 10 is a low temperature heat collecting water tank on the first circulation pipeline and functions to absorb the heat of the return water and reduce the temperature of the return water, thereby expanding the temperature difference of the hot return water. The return water flowing out of the heat collecting water tank 10 is sent back to the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3, and is sent back to the plate heat exchanger 5 after absorbing the waste heat in the flue gas, so that the circulation of the supply and return water is completed.
In this embodiment, the hot water storage tank 10 is connected in series to a return water pipe of the first circulation line in a selectively communicable manner through a first three-way valve F1 and a pipe, and is configured to absorb waste heat of the return water. Meanwhile, the hot water storage tank 10 is connected in parallel into the second heat collecting pipe in a selectively communicable manner through the second three-way valve F2 and the pipe so that the heat in the hot water storage tank 10 is supplied to the heat pump means. In this embodiment, the second three-way valve F2 may be provided upstream of the second pump P2 so that only one pump is required to meet the demand for pumping water from the flue-water heat exchanger 3 or the hot water storage tank 10, respectively.
In this embodiment, the heating mode of the electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem is: the second pump P2 provides power for the water circulation of the evaporator 8, the circulating water can exchange heat from the heat storage water tank 10 and is switched by the second three-way valve F2, and the temperature of the circulating water in the evaporator 8 can be controlled within the range of 20-30 ℃. After the low-temperature circulating water is lifted by the heat pump device, hot water is output from the end 7 of the condenser, and high-temperature water with the temperature of over 60 ℃ can be provided. The third pump P3 provides circulating power, the hot water is sent to the water collector 11, mixed with the high-temperature water provided by the combustion furnace 1 and sent to the radiator, and the return water returns to the condenser 7 through the water collector 12.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a heating method of the heating system according to the embodiments, the heating method including a day operation mode and a night operation mode which are different according to time.
In some embodiments, the daytime operating modes include: and (3) starting the combustion furnace, starting the first pump P1, the second pump P2 and the third pump P3, and simultaneously operating the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem for combined heat supply. The first three-way valve F1 is switched to a state of communicating with the hot water storage tank 10, the hot water storage tank 10 is connected in series to enter the first circulation line, and the hot water storage tank 10 is in a hot water storage state. At the moment, the second three-way valve F2 is adjusted to a flue gas-water heat exchange state, the biomass combustion furnace and the heat pump heat recovery system run simultaneously, and the system is in a biomass energy and electric energy combined heat supply mode.
In some embodiments, the night mode of operation includes: the burner is turned off, the first pump P1 is turned off, the first inlet valve F4A and the first outlet valve F3A of the water separator of the first circulation line are closed, and the third inlet valve F4B and the third outlet valve F3B of the water separator of the third circulation line are opened. And the second three-way valve F2 is adjusted to be communicated with the second circulation pipeline, the second pump P2 and the third pump P3 are started, the electric drive heat pump heating subsystem operates independently, the hot water storage tank 10 is connected in parallel to enter the second circulation pipeline, and the hot water storage tank 10 is in a heat release state. At this time, only the power at night is consumed, and biomass energy is not consumed.
The heat supply system and the heat supply method can use electric power to drive the heat pump system to operate independently at night, make full use of peak-to-valley electricity price difference, save energy cost, enable the system to be applied in areas with peak-to-valley electricity price difference, and have wide market practical prospect.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 is a system diagram of a cogeneration heating system of the present invention for supplying heat to a biomass furnace heating subsystem and an electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the biomass furnace heating subsystem and the electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem respectively supply heat to different radiators. For example, the radiator includes a high temperature radiator and a low temperature radiator, and the radiator in the first circulation line may be the high temperature radiator. The radiator in the third circulation pipeline is a low-temperature radiator.
In the embodiment, the combustion furnace is connected with the high-temperature radiator through water circulation in the furnace, and the plate heat exchanger 5 is removed, so that hot water can be directly supplied to the high-temperature radiator.
According to an aspect of the invention, a heating method of the heating system according to the embodiments is also provided. For example, the heating subsystem of the biomass furnace can provide high-temperature hot water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃, and the electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem can provide hot water with the temperature of 40-60 ℃. The heat supply system and the method of the embodiment are suitable for the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem to supply heat respectively.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 is a system diagram of a cogeneration heat supply system of the present invention for performing all-day operation of a biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and an electrically driven heat pump heat supply subsystem. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the hot-water storage tank 10 is connected in parallel to the first circulation line in a selectively communicable manner through the first three-way valve F1 and the piping, and the hot-water storage tank 10 functions to regulate the amount of heat supplied without the electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem recovering heat from the hot-water storage tank 10. The hot water storage tank 10 may not be connected to the second circulation line or its communication state may be in a closed state.
In the embodiment, the combined heat and power supply system can also supply heat to the same tail end heating equipment or a radiator, and the biomass furnace heating subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heating subsystem operate simultaneously all day long to supply heat jointly.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 is a system diagram of a cogeneration heating system of the present invention employing a distributed electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the biomass furnace heating subsystem is used to supply heat to the high temperature radiator and the radiator, and the electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem is used to supply heat to the low temperature radiator.
In this embodiment, the heat pump device may be arranged at the user end, the heat pump device being a plurality of distributed sub heat pump devices, each sub heat pump device being mounted adjacent to a respective cryogenic radiator, the second circulation line comprising a branch to an evaporator of each distributed sub heat pump device. And a third circulation pipeline of the heating system is communicated with distributed end heating equipment or a radiator.
According to an aspect of the invention, a heating method of the heating system according to the embodiments is also provided. The method is mainly suitable for distributed electric drive heat pump heat supply.
Wherein, the combustion furnace device can be connected with the high-temperature radiator through water circulation in the furnace; the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem respectively supply heat.
In this embodiment, the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 can directly supply heat to the low-temperature radiator through the second circulation pipeline.
In this embodiment, the heat pump device is distributively provided at the customer end, and the evaporator 8 of the heat pump device is also in upstream communication with the water supply line of the second circulation line, and the condenser 7 of the heat pump device is in downstream communication with the water return line of the second circulation line.
In this embodiment, the heat pump device can supplement heat for the low-temperature radiator, and consumes electric energy to supplement heat under the condition that the flue gas-water heat exchanger 3 directly provides insufficient heat.
The heat supply system and the heat supply method are suitable for heat supply of the distributed electric drive heat pump, the flue gas waste heat recovered from the biomass combustion furnace is conveyed to an evaporator in the electric drive heat pump of the user side through the pump, temperature is improved at the user side, and distributed heat supply is achieved.
The combined heat and power heating system and the heating method can at least achieve the following technical effects:
1) according to the biomass heat recovery device, the flue gas waste heat of the biomass combustion furnace is recovered through the electrically-driven heat recovery type heat pump device, so that the combined heat supply of biomass energy and electric energy can be realized, the heat energy of biomass briquette fuel is fully utilized, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the heat energy is improved, the biomass fuel is saved, and the capacity of the biomass combustion furnace can be reduced.
2) The invention utilizes the waste heat of the combustion flue gas of the biomass fuel as the low-temperature heat source of the electrically driven heat pump, the temperature of the heat source is stable, and the temperature of the flue gas is higher than the outdoor environment temperature in winter, so that the evaporation temperature of the heat pump system is greatly improved, the COP value of the heat pump system is in a high level all the time, and the electric energy can be saved.
3) The system can use electric power to drive the heat pump system to operate independently at night, makes full use of peak-to-valley electricity price difference, saves energy cost, can be applied to areas with peak-to-valley electricity price difference, and has wide market practical prospect.
It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this patent describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, may be performed in an order different from the order in the embodiments, or may be performed simultaneously.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments in the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A combined heat and power heating system is characterized in that the heating system comprises a biomass furnace heating subsystem and an electrically driven heat pump heating subsystem, and is used for outputting hot water for a radiator for increasing the temperature of the surrounding environment;
the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem comprises a combustion furnace, a furnace heat exchange device and a flue gas-water heat exchanger arranged at a chimney of the combustion furnace, wherein the flue gas-water heat exchanger comprises a first sub heat exchanger and a second sub heat exchanger;
the electrically-driven heat pump heating subsystem comprises a heat pump device, wherein the heat pump device comprises a compressor, an expansion valve, an evaporator for recovering heat energy and a condenser for outputting hot water;
this heating system still includes:
a heat storage tank disposed on a return line of the radiator;
the first circulation pipeline is communicated with the first sub heat exchanger, the in-furnace heat exchange device and the radiator in sequence to form a first circulation, and the first circulation pipeline is connected with the heat storage water tank in series on a pipeline between the radiator and the first sub heat exchanger through a first three-way valve;
the second circulating pipeline is communicated with the evaporator and the second sub heat exchanger to form circulation, and the heat storage water tank and the second sub heat exchanger are connected to the evaporator in parallel through a second three-way valve;
a third circulation line communicating the condenser and the radiator to form a third circulation;
the first circulation pipeline, the second circulation pipeline and the third circulation pipeline are respectively provided with a first pump, a second pump and a third pump;
a control system that shuts down the biomass furnace heating subsystem and the first circulation line for a predetermined period of time each day.
2. A cogeneration heating system according to claim 1, wherein said heat pump device is a centralized heat pump device, the respective water outlet ends of said first circulation line and said third circulation line are both connected to a water separator, and the respective water return ends of said first circulation line and said third circulation line are both connected to a water collector; the outlet end of the water separator is connected to the radiator, and the inlet end of the water collector is connected to the radiator.
3. A cogeneration heating system according to claim 2, wherein said first circulation line is provided with a water knockout vessel first inlet valve at an inlet end of said water knockout vessel, and a third circulation line is provided with a water knockout vessel third inlet valve at an inlet end of said water knockout vessel; the first circulating pipeline is provided with a first outlet valve of the water collector at the outlet end of the water collector; and a third outlet valve of the water collector is arranged at the outlet end of the water collector of the third circulating pipeline.
4. A cogeneration heating system according to claim 1, wherein said radiators comprise a high temperature radiator and a low temperature radiator, and said radiator in said first circulation line is a high temperature radiator.
5. A cogeneration heating system according to claim 4, wherein the radiator in the third circulation line is a low temperature radiator.
6. A cogeneration heating system according to claim 5, wherein said heat pump unit is a plurality of distributed sub-heat pump units, each of said sub-heat pump units being mounted adjacent to each of said cryogenic radiators, said second circulation line including a branch to an evaporator of each of said distributed sub-heat pump units.
7. A cogeneration heat supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said first sub heat exchanger is arranged upstream of said chimney and said second sub heat exchanger is arranged downstream of said chimney.
8. A heating method of the cogeneration heating system according to claim 1, wherein the heating method comprises a day operation mode and a night operation mode;
the daytime running mode includes: starting a combustion furnace, starting the first pump, the second pump and the third pump, and simultaneously operating the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem for combined heat supply; the first three-way valve is adjusted to be communicated with the heat storage water tank, the heat storage water tank is connected in series to enter the first circulation pipeline, and the heat storage water tank is in a heat storage state;
the night operation mode includes: closing the combustion furnace, closing the first pump, adjusting the second three-way valve to a state of communicating the second circulation pipeline, and opening the second pump and the third pump, wherein the electrically-driven heat pump heat supply subsystem operates independently; the heat storage water tank is connected in parallel to enter the second circulation pipeline, and the heat storage water tank is in a heat release state.
9. A heating method of a cogeneration heating system according to claim 4, wherein said combustion furnace is connected to said high temperature radiator by furnace water circulation;
the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem respectively supply heat, wherein the biomass furnace heat supply subsystem supplies high-temperature hot water with the temperature of more than 80 ℃, and the electric drive heat pump heat supply subsystem supplies hot water with the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
10. A heating method of a heating system according to claim 6, wherein said combustion furnace is connected to said high temperature radiator by furnace water circulation;
the flue gas-water heat exchanger directly supplies heat to the low-temperature radiator through the second circulating pipeline;
the distributed sub heat pump devices are distributed at the user end, the evaporators of the distributed sub heat pump devices are also communicated with the upstream of the second circulation pipeline, and the condensers of the distributed sub heat pump devices are communicated with the downstream of the second circulation pipeline;
the distributed sub heat pump device supplements heat for the low-temperature radiator.
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