CN110592322B - Method for generating micro-bubbles in RH refined molten steel - Google Patents

Method for generating micro-bubbles in RH refined molten steel Download PDF

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CN110592322B
CN110592322B CN201910896744.9A CN201910896744A CN110592322B CN 110592322 B CN110592322 B CN 110592322B CN 201910896744 A CN201910896744 A CN 201910896744A CN 110592322 B CN110592322 B CN 110592322B
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bubbles
molten steel
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downcomer
steel
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CN110592322A (en
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刘建华
张硕
何杨
张�杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

A method for generating micro-bubbles in RH refined molten steel belongs to the field of steel making. The method comprises the steps of arranging a metal pipe or a straight-through air brick or a dispersion air brick on the side wall of a descending pipe of an RH refining device, and blowing argon or mixed gas of argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen into molten steel through the metal pipe or the straight-through air brick or the dispersion air brick; mainly by adjusting the lifting gas flow of the RH ascending pipe, utilizing the downward flowing molten steel in the descending pipe to apply bubble drag force, controlling the size of most of bubbles desorbed from the side wall air holes of the descending pipe to be 1mm-6mm, and entering the steel ladle along with the molten steel in the descending pipe; then the bubbles float to the ladle slag, and inclusions in the molten steel are removed by bubble adhesion in the process. The size of the bubbles generated by the method is small, and the diameter of most bubbles is smaller than 6mm, so that the method is beneficial to improving the effect of removing the inclusions in the steel.

Description

Method for generating micro-bubbles in RH refined molten steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel making, relates to a technology for removing inclusions in molten steel, in particular to a method for generating micro bubbles in RH refined molten steel, and can obviously improve the effect of removing inclusions in the molten steel.
Background
The quantity, size and distribution of inclusions in steel have great influence on the quality of the steel, and the removal of nonmetallic inclusions in the steel is one of key technologies for improving the quality of steel products and producing clean steel. In the metallurgical process, most of inclusions in molten steel naturally float upwards under the action of buoyancy, and inclusions with small sizes generally cannot float upwards and be removed in a refining period. The removal of inclusions in refining processes has hitherto remained a problem.
In recent years, the removal of inclusions in steel by using bubbles has become a hot spot of research by metallurgists. The inclusion can be removed by two modes of floating the collision adhesion inclusion or floating the inclusion carried by the wake flow of the bubble in the molten steel. The dispersed fine bubbles have an excellent effect of adhering inclusions, but the conditions for generating the fine bubbles in the molten steel are severe. The RH refining device realizes the circular flow of molten steel, has better dynamic conditions, but the inclusion removing effect of the prior RH refining device needs to be further improved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for generating micro bubbles in RH refining molten steel, wherein a metal pipe or an air brick is arranged on the side wall of a downcomer of an RH refining device, argon or mixed gas of the argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen is used, and the metal pipe or the air brick is used for blowing in the molten steel to generate the micro bubbles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for generating micro bubbles in RH refined molten steel, wherein the micro bubbles are generated by directly blowing argon into the molten steel through a metal pipe or an air brick on the side wall of a descending pipe, and the micro bubbles have good effect on removing impurities by adhesion.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a method for generating fine bubbles in molten RH refining steel, comprising: arranging a metal pipe or a straight-through air brick or a dispersion air brick on the side wall of a descending pipe of the RH refining device, and blowing the molten steel through the metal pipe or the straight-through air brick or the dispersion air brick by using argon or mixed gas of argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen; the method comprises the following steps of applying drag force to bubbles by utilizing molten steel flowing downwards in a downcomer, controlling the drag force to be larger than other forces acting on the bubbles such as bubble buoyancy and the like, ensuring that resultant force acting on the bubbles is downward, controlling the size of most of the bubbles desorbed from air holes in the side wall of the downcomer to be 1-6 mm in diameter, and feeding the bubbles into a steel ladle along with the molten steel in the downcomer; then the bubbles float to the steel ladle slag, and in the process, fine inclusions in the downcomer and the steel ladle are removed by bubble adhesion, so that the inclusion removal effect is improved by 20 to 50 percent.
Furthermore, the desorption bubbles formed by blowing gas into the descending tube are thinned by using the gas blowing holes with small pore diameters, the diameter of the pores of the metal tube or the straight-through air brick is controlled to be 0.2-3.7mm, and the average pore diameter of the dispersion air brick is 5-100 mu m.
Furthermore, the flow rate of the molten steel at the position where the gas is blown into the RH descending pipe is controlled to be more than 0.2m/s by controlling the flow rate of the lifting gas of the ascending pipe of the RH refining device, so that the downward drag force acting on the bubbles is controlled to be more than the buoyancy force of the bubbles and other forces acting on the bubbles, the resultant force acting on the bubbles is ensured to be downward, and the bubbles move downward along with the molten steel.
Further, downcomer in RH refining processThe blowing rate of the used gas is 0.06-6m3/h。
Further, in the process that the bubbles enter the steel ladle along with the molten steel downwards, the hydrostatic pressure of the molten steel is further improved, and the size of the bubbles is further reduced; argon is blown into the downcomer, and the size of formed argon bubbles is reduced to 0.6mm-4.8mm after the argon bubbles enter the steel ladle.
Furthermore, when the mixed gas is blown into the downcomer, the volume fraction of the argon in the mixed gas accounts for 10-100%, hydrogen or/and nitrogen in formed bubbles of the mixed gas are partially dissolved in the molten steel, so that the diameter of the bubbles is further reduced, and the size of the bubbles is reduced more remarkably in the descending process when the proportion of the hydrogen or/and the nitrogen in the bubbles is higher; the diameter reduction degree of the bubbles of the mixed gas with the diameter of 1mm-6mm desorbed from the pores on the side wall of the downcomer is 10-50% after the bubbles are reduced into the ladle, and the inclusion capturing capability of the bubbles is further improved.
The method for generating the micro-bubbles in the RH refined molten steel comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, mounting a metal pipe or a straight-through air brick on the side wall of the RH downcomer, and controlling the diameter of an air hole to be 0.2-3.7 mm; or installing dispersive air bricks, wherein the average pore diameter of the air bricks is 5-100 mu m;
step 2, blowing argon into the RH downcomer through the blowing device arranged on the side wall of the RH downcomer, wherein the flow is controlled to be 0.05-0.5m3H, preventing the relevant blowing device from being blocked by molten steel during RH refining;
step 3, starting RH refining, and inserting an RH dip pipe into the molten steel;
and 4, after the molten steel is deoxidized, blowing argon or mixed gas of the argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen into the RH downcomer through a blowing device arranged on the side wall of the downcomer, wherein the blowing flow is 0.06-6m3H; the volume proportion of argon in the mixed gas is 10-100%;
step 5, controlling the flow of lifting gas of an ascending pipe of the RH refining device, and controlling the flow rate of molten steel at the position where the gas is blown into the RH descending pipe to be more than 0.2m/s, so that the downward drag force acting on bubbles is controlled to be more than the buoyancy force of the bubbles and other forces acting on the bubbles, and the resultant force acting on the bubbles is ensured to be downward and the bubbles move downward along with the molten steel;
step 6, applying a downward drag force to bubbles blown in the downcomer by the molten steel flowing downwards in the downcomer, so that most of the bubbles desorbed from the side wall air holes of the downcomer have the diameter of 1-6 mm;
step 7, the generated fine bubbles move downwards along with the molten steel flowing downwards in the descending pipe and enter a steel ladle; in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced due to the fact that the molten steel static pressure is larger and larger, and the diameter of the bubbles in the steel ladle is 0.6mm-4.8 mm;
step 8, if mixed gas of argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen is adopted, hydrogen or/and nitrogen in formed mixed gas bubbles are partially dissolved in molten steel, so that the size of the bubbles is further reduced by 10-50%, and the effect of capturing and removing inclusions by the bubbles is further improved;
step 9, the fine bubbles have good capacity of capturing inclusions in the molten steel, collide with the inclusions in the molten steel and capture the inclusions;
and step 10, floating impurities carried by bubbles to enter ladle slag, and well removing the impurities from molten steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, the generated bubbles are small in size compared with bubbles generated by traditional processes of argon blowing at the bottom of a steel ladle and the like, and the removal effect of inclusions is obviously improved; 2, micro bubbles generated in the RH refining device have good inclusion removal effect, and can realize deep removal of inclusions in molten steel; 3, if argon gas is blown into the molten steel alone, the generated fine bubbles do not contaminate the molten steel since argon gas is an inert gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method for forming fine bubbles in RH refined molten steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the results of physical simulation experiments used to validate the study of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the direction of the molten steel flow; 2. the position of a metal pipe or an air brick of the downcomer; 3. RH refining ladle top slag; 4. the movement track of argon bubbles blown out by a downcomer metal pipe or an air brick is changed; 5. a mixing area of bubbles and molten steel is blown out by a downcomer metal pipe or an air brick; 6. the mixed bubble movement track blown out by the downcomer metal pipe or the air brick; 7. a vacuum chamber; 8. the riser lifts the gas; 9. a ladle; 10. inclusions in the molten steel; 11. molten steel; 12. a riser pipe; 13. water; 14. a down pipe; 15. a ladle; 16. reference iron rod (11.5 mm diameter).
Detailed Description
The method for generating the micro bubbles in the RH refined molten steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a metal pipe or a straight-through air brick or a dispersion air brick on the side wall of a descending pipe of the RH refining device, and blowing the molten steel through the metal pipe or the straight-through air brick or the dispersion air brick by using argon or mixed gas of argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen; the method comprises the following steps of applying drag force to bubbles by utilizing molten steel flowing downwards in a downcomer, controlling the drag force to be larger than other forces acting on the bubbles such as bubble buoyancy and the like, ensuring that resultant force acting on the bubbles is downward, controlling the size of most of the bubbles desorbed from air holes in the side wall of the downcomer to be 1-6 mm in diameter, and feeding the bubbles into a steel ladle along with the molten steel in the downcomer; then the bubbles float to the steel ladle slag, and in the process, fine inclusions in the downcomer and the steel ladle are removed by bubble adhesion, so that the inclusion removal effect is improved by 20 to 50 percent.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.55 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.8mm, and the flow of lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 100m in the refining process3H, the flow velocity of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.3m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80% of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 2mm-4 mm; argon bubbles enter a steel ladle along with molten steel of a downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 1.2mm-3.2mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the removal effect of the impurities is improved by 30 percent.
Example 2
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.3 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.8mm, and the flow of the lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 60m in the refining process3H, the flow velocity of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.3m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80% of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 2mm-4 mm; argon bubbles enter a steel ladle along with molten steel of a downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 1.2mm-3.2mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the removal effect of the impurities is improved by 30 percent.
Example 3
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.55 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.8mm, and the flow of the lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 150m in the refining process3The flow rate of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.4m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80 percent of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 1.6mm-3.6 mm; argon bubbles enter a steel ladle along with molten steel of a downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 1mm-2.9mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the impurity removal effect is improved by 35%.
Example 4
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.55 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.4mm, and the flow of lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 100m in the refining process3H, the flow velocity of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.3m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80 percent of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 1.3mm-2.7 mm; argon bubbles enter along with molten steel of a downcomerIn the downward movement process of the steel ladle, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 0.8mm-2.2mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the impurity removal effect is improved by 45%.
Example 5
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.55 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.8mm, and the flow of lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 100m in the refining process3H, the flow velocity of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.3m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.8m3H, 80% of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 2mm-4 mm; argon bubbles enter a steel ladle along with molten steel of a downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 1.2mm-3.2mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the impurity removal effect is improved by 45%.
Example 6
In a refining device 150tRH of a certain domestic steel mill, the inner diameter of a downcomer is 0.55 m. 4 air brick dispersive air bricks are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the average diameter of air holes of the air bricks is set to be 20 mu m, and the flow of the lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 100m in the refining process3H, the flow velocity of the molten steel at the gas outlet of the air brick is 0.3m/s, and argon is blown into the molten steel through the air brick, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80% of generated argon bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 1mm-6 mm; argon bubbles enter a steel ladle along with molten steel of a downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced to 0.6mm-4.8mm as the molten steel static pressure is increased; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the removal effect of the impurities is improved by 30 percent.
Example 7
150tRH refining plant and downcomer inner diameter of certain domestic steel millIs 0.55 m. 6 metal pipes are arranged on the side wall of the descending pipe, the diameter of each metal pipe is set to be 0.8mm, and the flow of lifting gas of the ascending pipe is controlled to be 100m in the refining process3The flow rate of the molten steel at the outlet of the metal blowing pipe is 0.3m/s, and the mixed gas of argon (10%) + nitrogen (90%) is blown into the molten steel through the metal pipe, wherein the flow rate is 1.2m3H, 80% of generated mixed bubbles are small bubbles with the diameter of 2mm-4 mm; the mixed bubbles enter the steel ladle along with the molten steel of the downcomer, and in the downward movement process, the sizes of the bubbles are further reduced to 1mm-2.8mm due to the increasing molten steel static pressure and the dissolution of soluble gas; the fine bubbles move in the steel ladle along with the molten steel, adhere to and capture impurities in the steel, and finally float to the slag of the steel ladle, so that the floating removal of the impurities is promoted, and the impurity removal effect is improved by 35%.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for generating micro bubbles in RH refining molten steel is characterized in that a metal tube or a through type air brick or a dispersion type air brick is arranged on the side wall of a descending tube of an RH refining device, argon gas or mixed gas of the argon gas and hydrogen gas or/and nitrogen gas is used, and the molten steel is blown in through the metal tube or the through type air brick or the dispersion type air brick; the method comprises the following steps of applying gas bubble drag force to molten steel flowing downwards in a downcomer, controlling the drag force to be larger than the buoyancy force of gas bubbles and other forces acting on the gas bubbles, ensuring that resultant force acting on the gas bubbles is downward, controlling the size of most of the gas bubbles desorbed from gas holes in the side wall of the downcomer to be 1-6 mm in diameter, and enabling the gas bubbles to enter a steel ladle along with the molten steel in the downcomer; then the bubbles float to the steel ladle slag, and in the process, fine inclusions in the downcomer and the steel ladle are removed by bubble adhesion, so that the inclusion removal effect is improved by 20 to 50 percent;
controlling the flow rate of the molten steel at the gas blowing-in position in the RH descending pipe to be more than 0.2m/s by controlling the flow rate of lifting gas of the ascending pipe of the RH refining device, so that the downward drag force acting on bubbles is controlled to be more than the buoyancy force of the bubbles and other forces acting on the bubbles, and the bubbles are ensured to move downwards along with the molten steel when the resultant force acting on the bubbles is downward;
meanwhile, the desorption bubbles formed by blowing gas into the descending pipe are thinned by using the gas blowing holes with small apertures, the diameter of the pores of the metal pipe or the straight-through air brick is controlled to be 0.2-0.8mm, and the average aperture of the dispersion air brick is 5-100 mu m;
in the process that the bubbles enter the steel ladle along with the molten steel downwards, the hydrostatic pressure of the molten steel is further improved, and the size of the bubbles is further reduced; argon is blown into the downcomer, and the size of formed argon bubbles is reduced to 0.6mm-4.8mm after the argon bubbles enter the steel ladle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the downcomer uses a gas having a blowing rate of 0.06-6m during the RH refining process3/h。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein when the downcomer blows in the mixed gas, the volume fraction of argon in the mixed gas is 10-100%, hydrogen or/and nitrogen in the formed mixed gas bubbles are partially dissolved in the molten steel, so that the diameter of the bubbles is further reduced, and the size of the bubbles is reduced more remarkably in the descending process as the ratio of hydrogen or/and nitrogen in the bubbles is higher; the diameter reduction degree of the bubbles of the mixed gas with the diameter of 1mm-6mm desorbed from the pores on the side wall of the downcomer is 10-50% after the bubbles are reduced into the ladle, and the inclusion capturing capability of the bubbles is further improved.
4. The method of claim 1 for generating microbubbles in RH refined molten steel, comprising the steps of:
step 1, mounting a metal pipe or a straight-through air brick on the side wall of the RH downcomer, and controlling the diameter of an air hole to be 0.2-0.8 mm; or installing dispersive air bricks, wherein the average pore diameter of the air bricks is 5-100 mu m;
step 2, blowing argon into the RH downcomer through the blowing device arranged on the side wall of the RH downcomer, wherein the flow is controlled to be 0.05-0.5m3H, preventing the relevant blowing device from being blocked by molten steel during RH refining;
step 3, starting RH refining, and inserting an RH dip pipe into the molten steel;
and 4, after the molten steel is deoxidized, blowing argon or mixed gas of the argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen into the RH downcomer through a blowing device arranged on the side wall of the downcomer, wherein the blowing flow is 0.06-6m3H; the volume proportion of argon in the mixed gas is 10-100%;
step 5, controlling the flow of lifting gas of an ascending pipe of the RH refining device, and controlling the flow rate of molten steel at the position where the gas is blown into the RH descending pipe to be more than 0.2m/s, so that the downward drag force acting on bubbles is controlled to be more than the buoyancy force of the bubbles and other forces acting on the bubbles, and the resultant force acting on the bubbles is ensured to be downward and the bubbles move downward along with the molten steel;
step 6, applying a downward drag force to bubbles blown in the downcomer by the molten steel flowing downwards in the downcomer, so that most of the bubbles desorbed from the side wall air holes of the downcomer have the diameter of 1-6 mm;
step 7, the generated fine bubbles move downwards along with the molten steel flowing downwards in the descending pipe and enter a steel ladle; in the downward movement process, the size of the bubbles is further reduced due to the fact that the molten steel static pressure is larger and larger, and the diameter of the bubbles in the steel ladle is 0.6mm-4.8 mm;
step 8, if mixed gas of argon and hydrogen or/and nitrogen is adopted, hydrogen or/and nitrogen in formed mixed gas bubbles are partially dissolved in molten steel, so that the size of the bubbles is further reduced by 10-50%, and the effect of capturing and removing inclusions by the bubbles is further improved;
step 9, the fine bubbles have good capacity of capturing inclusions in the molten steel, collide with the inclusions in the molten steel and capture the inclusions;
and step 10, floating impurities carried by bubbles to enter ladle slag, and well removing the impurities from molten steel.
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JP6291801B2 (en) * 2013-11-14 2018-03-14 新日鐵住金株式会社 Method and apparatus for producing ultra-low nitrogen steel

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