CN110590426A - A wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method - Google Patents
A wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种湿垃圾综合处理系统及方法，包括垃圾收运系统和脱水发酵系统和信息控制系统，所述垃圾收运系统包括垃圾收运车和垃圾桶，所述垃圾收运车上装有第一识别器和第一称重器，所述垃圾桶上设置有电子标签；所述脱水发酵系统包括驱动装置、进料斗、第二识别器、无轴螺旋推进装置、调节气缸、第二称重器、气体处置装置、发酵生化机；所述第一识别器、第二识别器、第一称重器、第二称重器通过无线连接所述信息控制系统。本发明提供的一种湿垃圾综合处理系统及方法，将脱水和发酵装置结合起来，脱水装置的水分可以用于发酵装置，减少了污水的处置，减少水资源的浪费，节约用电成本，减少污染气体排放量。
The invention provides a wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method, including a garbage collection and transportation system, a dehydration fermentation system and an information control system. The garbage collection and transportation system includes a garbage collection and transportation vehicle and a garbage can. There are a first identifier and a first weighing device, and an electronic tag is arranged on the garbage bin; the dehydration fermentation system includes a driving device, a feeding hopper, a second identifier, a shaftless screw propulsion device, an adjusting cylinder, a second Two weighing devices, a gas handling device, and a fermentation biochemical machine; the first identifier, the second identifier, the first weighing device, and the second weighing device are wirelessly connected to the information control system. The wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method provided by the present invention combine the dehydration and fermentation equipment, and the water in the dehydration equipment can be used in the fermentation equipment, which reduces the disposal of sewage, reduces the waste of water resources, saves electricity costs, and reduces Pollutant gas emissions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及垃圾处理领域，具体涉及一种湿垃圾综合处理系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of garbage treatment, in particular to a wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method.
背景技术Background technique
我国是农业大国，秸秆综合利用主要有“五化”，即秸秆肥料化、秸秆饲料化、秸秆能源化、秸秆原料化以及秸秆基料化。据统计，2017年我国秸秆理论资源量为8.84亿吨，2018年达8.86亿吨左右，焚烧、废弃成为主要处理方式，这不仅导致环境污染，还带来严重资源浪费。因此，提高农作物秸秆的综合利用率势在必行。秸秆肥料化主要通过秸秆还田实现的，秸秆还田后能够补充和平衡土壤中的养分，增加土壤有机质含量(0.01％/年)，提高土壤肥力，改善土壤团粒结构，进而达到减少化肥用量及增加产量(平均亩产增加10％以上)的目的，是提高作物生产潜力的有效措施。按形式分，秸秆还田可分为直接还田、间接还田和秸秆生化腐熟还田。直接还田容易滋生害虫，也会土地墒情有一定的影响，影响重子的出苗率。因此秸秆生化腐熟还田是现在比较行之有效的方法之一。my country is a large agricultural country, and the comprehensive utilization of straw mainly includes "five modernizations", that is, turning straw into fertilizer, turning straw into feed, turning straw into energy, turning straw into raw material and turning straw into base material. According to statistics, in 2017, the theoretical amount of straw resources in my country was 884 million tons, and in 2018 it reached about 886 million tons. Incineration and disposal have become the main treatment methods, which not only lead to environmental pollution, but also cause serious waste of resources. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw. Straw fertilization is mainly realized by returning straw to the field. After returning the straw to the field, it can supplement and balance the nutrients in the soil, increase the content of soil organic matter (0.01%/year), improve soil fertility, and improve the structure of soil aggregates, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and The purpose of increasing output (average yield per mu increased by more than 10%) is an effective measure to improve crop production potential. According to the form, straw returning can be divided into direct returning, indirect returning and biochemically decomposed straw returning. Direct return to the field is easy to breed pests, and it will also have a certain impact on the soil moisture, affecting the emergence rate of baryons. Therefore, biochemically decomposing and returning straw to the field is one of the more effective methods now.
厨余垃圾主要来自于居民日常生活中烹调或者食用之后的废弃物，较之餐饮垃圾，厨余垃圾产量少、成分较稳定、来源单一。填埋是国内最为常见的一种垃圾处理方法，填埋法也存在很多缺点，且会产生有毒有害气体及重金属污染土壤、环境与大气，不易运输，运行成本高，渗滤液的后续处理工艺复杂，因此填埋法越来越不被接受。粉碎直排不会改变厨余垃圾的化学性质，操作方便，运行简单，成本低廉，且不需要特殊处理便可将厨余废弃物直接转移到污水处理系统中。但是，厨余垃圾排入下水道中极易滋生细菌，产生臭气，引发疾病传播，且厨余碎料在排水管道中产生的甲烷气体存在严重的安全隐患。厨余垃圾饲料化技术有高温消毒灭菌法和生物处理法，但是因为同源性不建议使用厨余垃圾作为动物饲料。厨余垃圾单独堆肥会产生大量的硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚等恶臭物质以及渗滤液，污染严重。Kitchen waste mainly comes from the waste after cooking or eating in the daily life of residents. Compared with restaurant waste, kitchen waste has less output, more stable composition, and a single source. Landfill is the most common garbage disposal method in China. The landfill method also has many shortcomings, and it will produce toxic and harmful gases and heavy metals to pollute the soil, environment and atmosphere. It is not easy to transport, the operation cost is high, and the subsequent treatment process of leachate is complicated. , so landfilling is becoming less and less acceptable. Crushing and direct discharge will not change the chemical properties of kitchen waste, it is easy to operate, simple to operate, low in cost, and can directly transfer kitchen waste to the sewage treatment system without special treatment. However, when kitchen waste is discharged into the sewer, it is very easy to breed bacteria, produce odor, and cause the spread of disease. Moreover, the methane gas produced by kitchen waste in the drainage pipe has serious safety hazards. Kitchen waste feed technologies include high-temperature disinfection and biological treatment, but it is not recommended to use kitchen waste as animal feed due to homology. Separate composting of kitchen waste will produce a large amount of malodorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide and leachate, causing serious pollution.
湿垃圾主要是指厨余垃圾、秸秆废弃物、蔬菜尾菜。现有的湿垃圾处理技术一般为直接采用生物发酵机，耗电，成本高。湿垃圾进入生物发酵机后间歇搅拌，并加入微生物菌种加快发酵速度，一般24小时发酵生成液体、气体和残渣，液体从污水管网处理后进入污水处理厂，气体进入净化装置。根据实际使用情况，处理1t垃圾大概耗电量为130-150度左右，运营成本高。Wet waste mainly refers to kitchen waste, straw waste, and vegetable end dishes. The existing wet waste treatment technology generally uses biological fermentation machines directly, which consumes electricity and is expensive. After the wet garbage enters the biological fermentation machine, it is stirred intermittently, and microbial strains are added to speed up the fermentation speed. Generally, it is fermented for 24 hours to produce liquid, gas and residue. The liquid is processed from the sewage pipe network and enters the sewage treatment plant, and the gas enters the purification device. According to the actual usage, the power consumption of processing 1 ton of garbage is about 130-150 degrees, and the operating cost is high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种湿垃圾综合处理系统及方法，将脱水和发酵装置结合起来，脱水装置的水分可以用于发酵装置，减少了污水的处置，减少水资源的浪费，节约用电成本，减少污染气体排放量。The invention provides a wet garbage comprehensive treatment system and method, which combines the dehydration and fermentation device, and the water in the dehydration device can be used in the fermentation device, which reduces the disposal of sewage, reduces the waste of water resources, saves electricity costs, and reduces Pollutant gas emissions.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种湿垃圾综合处理系统，包括垃圾收运系统和脱水发酵系统和信息控制系统，所述垃圾收运系统包括垃圾收运车和垃圾桶，所述垃圾收运车上装有第一识别器和第一称重器，所述垃圾桶上设置有电子标签；A wet garbage comprehensive processing system, including a garbage collection and transportation system, a dehydration fermentation system and an information control system, the garbage collection and transportation system includes a garbage collection and transportation vehicle and a garbage can, and the garbage collection and transportation vehicle is equipped with a first identifier and The first weighing device, the trash can is provided with an electronic tag;
所述脱水发酵系统包括驱动装置、进料斗、第二识别器、无轴螺旋推进装置、调节气缸、第二称重器、气体处置装置、发酵生化机，所述驱动装置与所述无轴螺旋推进装置连接，所述无轴螺旋推进装置上侧与所述进料斗底部相通，所述进料斗上端边缘设置所述第二识别器，所述无轴螺旋推进装置下侧设置有第一排水口、第二排水口和中间出料口，所述第二排水口与污水管网连接，所述无轴螺旋推进装置内部设置有过滤网，所述无轴螺旋推进装置远离所述驱动装置的一侧连接所述调节气缸，所述第一排水口与所述发酵生化机的进水口连接，所述第一排水口与所述发酵生化机进水口连接的管路上设置有控制阀，所述中间出料口与所述发酵生化机的进料口连接，所述中间出料口与所述发酵生化机进料口连接的管路上设置有第二称重器，所述发酵生化机上侧还设置有秸秆进料口和气体处置装置，所述发酵生化机底部设置有出料口；The dehydration fermentation system includes a driving device, a feed hopper, a second recognizer, a shaftless screw propulsion device, an adjustment cylinder, a second weighing device, a gas handling device, and a fermentation biochemical machine. The driving device and the shaftless The screw propulsion device is connected, the upper side of the shaftless screw propulsion device communicates with the bottom of the feeding hopper, the upper edge of the feeding hopper is provided with the second identifier, and the lower side of the shaftless screw propulsion device is provided with the second A drainage port, a second drainage port and an intermediate discharge port, the second drainage port is connected to the sewage pipe network, a filter screen is arranged inside the shaftless screw propulsion device, and the shaftless screw propulsion device is far away from the drive One side of the device is connected to the regulating cylinder, the first water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the fermentation biochemical machine, and a control valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the first water outlet to the water inlet of the fermentation biochemical machine, The intermediate discharge port is connected to the feed port of the fermentation biochemical machine, and a second weighing device is arranged on the pipeline connected between the intermediate discharge port and the feed port of the fermentation biochemical machine. The side is also provided with a straw feed port and a gas treatment device, and the bottom of the fermentation biochemical machine is provided with a discharge port;
所述第一识别器、第二识别器、第一称重器、第二称重器通过无线连接所述信息控制系统。The first identifier, the second identifier, the first weighing device, and the second weighing device are wirelessly connected to the information control system.
进一步地，所述驱动装置包括减速机和承压泵。Further, the driving device includes a speed reducer and a pressure pump.
进一步地，所述无轴螺旋推进装置包括螺杆和调节挡板，所述调节挡板设置在远离所述中间出料口的一侧。Further, the shaftless screw propulsion device includes a screw and an adjusting baffle, and the adjusting baffle is arranged on a side away from the middle outlet.
进一步地，所述过滤网的数量为两片，分别设置在无轴螺旋推进装置内部的上下两侧。Further, the number of the filter nets is two, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides inside the shaftless screw propulsion device.
进一步地，所述垃圾桶的数量为多个，每个垃圾桶上均设置一个电子标签。Further, there are multiple trash cans, and an electronic tag is set on each trash can.
进一步地，所述每个垃圾桶上的电子标签包括该垃圾桶的基本信息。Further, the electronic label on each trash can includes the basic information of the trash can.
进一步地，所述垃圾桶的基本信息为垃圾桶代码编号、所属单位、垃圾桶放置时间、收运时间。Further, the basic information of the trash can is the code number of the trash can, the unit to which it belongs, the time when the trash can is placed, and the time of collection and transportation.
一种湿垃圾综合处理方法，基于前述湿垃圾综合处理系统，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for comprehensive treatment of wet garbage, based on the aforementioned comprehensive treatment system for wet garbage, said method comprising the following steps:
小区内的垃圾桶收集完湿垃圾，垃圾收运车通过第一识别器识别垃圾桶上的电子标签，将电子标签包含的垃圾桶的基本信息上传到控制系统中；第一称重器对垃圾桶的重量进行称重，并将重量上传到信息控制系统中；After the garbage cans in the community have collected wet garbage, the garbage collection and transportation vehicle will identify the electronic tags on the garbage cans through the first recognizer, and upload the basic information of the garbage cans contained in the electronic tags to the control system; Weigh the weight of the bucket and upload the weight to the information control system;
垃圾收运车运送湿垃圾到脱水发酵系统，将垃圾收运车中的垃圾从进料斗倒入脱水发酵系统中，无轴螺旋推进装置对湿垃圾进行脱水，第二称重器进行称重后，湿垃圾进入发酵生化机中；The garbage collection vehicle transports the wet garbage to the dehydration fermentation system, pours the garbage in the garbage collection vehicle from the hopper into the dehydration fermentation system, the shaftless screw propulsion device dehydrates the wet garbage, and the second weighing device weighs Finally, the wet garbage enters the fermentation biochemical machine;
将秸秆进行破碎，根据湿垃圾进入发酵生化机的重量，取湿垃圾重量的1/4作为破碎的秸秆的重量，将破碎的秸秆从秸秆进料口中加入到发酵生化机中，并同时将高温菌种从秸秆进料口加入到发酵生化机中；The straw is crushed, and according to the weight of the wet garbage entering the fermentation biochemical machine, 1/4 of the weight of the wet garbage is taken as the weight of the broken straw, and the broken straw is added to the fermentation biochemical machine from the straw feeding port, and at the same time, the high temperature The bacteria are added to the fermentation biochemical machine from the straw feeding port;
经过6-8小时发酵后，湿垃圾从发酵生化机的出料口排出，从发酵生化机排出的湿垃圾在自然条件下腐熟。After 6-8 hours of fermentation, the wet garbage is discharged from the outlet of the fermentation biochemical machine, and the wet garbage discharged from the fermentation biochemical machine is decomposed under natural conditions.
进一步地，所述垃圾收运车运送湿垃圾到脱水发酵系统，将垃圾收运车中的垃圾从进料斗倒入脱水发酵系统中，无轴螺旋推进装置对湿垃圾进行脱水，第二称重器进行称重后，湿垃圾进入发酵生化机中，包括：进料斗上的第二识别器识别垃圾桶上的电子标签，并记录到信息控制系统中；无轴螺旋推进装置通过调节挡板推动湿垃圾想中间出料口的方向移动，在螺杆和调节挡板的巨大的挤压力作用下，湿垃圾完成脱水；脱水后的湿垃圾从中间出料口排出，调节阀调节排出的水从第一排水口进入到发酵生化机中的水量，当排出的水有剩余时，经过第二排水口进入到污水管网中。Further, the garbage collection and transportation vehicle transports wet garbage to the dehydration fermentation system, pours the garbage in the garbage collection and transportation vehicle into the dehydration fermentation system from the hopper, and the shaftless screw propulsion device dehydrates the wet garbage. After the weight is weighed, the wet garbage enters the fermentation biochemical machine, including: the second recognizer on the hopper recognizes the electronic tag on the garbage bin and records it in the information control system; the shaftless screw propulsion device passes through the adjustment gear The plate pushes the wet garbage to move in the direction of the middle outlet, and under the action of the huge extrusion force of the screw and the adjusting baffle, the wet garbage is dehydrated; the dehydrated wet garbage is discharged from the middle outlet, and the regulating valve adjusts the discharge. The amount of water that enters the fermentation biochemical machine from the first outlet, when there is surplus water, enters the sewage pipe network through the second outlet.
进一步地，所述进料斗上的第二识别器识别垃圾桶上的电子标签，并记录到信息控制系统中后，还包括：信息控制系统将当前收运时间垃圾收运车收运的已识别的垃圾桶的状态记录为已处理。Further, after the second recognizer on the hopper recognizes the electronic tag on the garbage can and records it in the information control system, it also includes: the information control system records the collected and transported garbage collection vehicle at the current collection time. The status of the identified trash can is recorded as processed.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)将厨余垃圾处理与秸秆处理联合起来，不仅实现了资源的利用，而且秸秆的加入有利于厨余垃圾发酵过程中氨气、硫化氢等有害气体的减少，同时加快腐熟，减少环境的污染和生产运营成本。主要原因是秸秆含有有机质，本身可以发酵成肥料，同时秸秆因为其结构可以作为膨松剂，也可以吸收厨余垃圾高水分。(1) The combination of kitchen waste treatment and straw treatment not only realizes the utilization of resources, but also contributes to the reduction of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the fermentation process of kitchen waste, and at the same time accelerates decomposition and reduces environmental pollution. pollution and production operating costs. The main reason is that the straw contains organic matter and can be fermented into fertilizer. At the same time, the straw can be used as a leavening agent because of its structure, and can also absorb the high moisture content of kitchen waste.
(2)将脱水和发酵装置结合起来，脱水装置的水分可以用于发酵装置，减少了污水的处置，减少水资源的浪费。脱水装置的排料口与发酵装置相连，整个物料无需二次转运，减少环境的污染。(2) Combining the dehydration and fermentation devices, the water in the dehydration device can be used in the fermentation device, reducing the disposal of sewage and reducing the waste of water resources. The discharge port of the dehydration device is connected to the fermentation device, and the entire material does not need to be transferred twice, reducing environmental pollution.
(3)现有技术直接采用发酵装置处置厨余垃圾，一般处置24h，耗电量大，主要是没有经过前期脱水预处理，发酵缓慢。本发明将脱水与发酵、自然二次发酵结合起来，发酵仅6-8小时，大量节省了运营成本。(3) The existing technology directly uses a fermentation device to dispose of kitchen waste. Generally, it takes 24 hours to dispose of kitchen waste, which consumes a lot of power. The main reason is that there is no pre-dehydration pretreatment and the fermentation is slow. The present invention combines dehydration with fermentation and natural secondary fermentation, and the fermentation is only 6-8 hours, greatly saving operating costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种湿垃圾综合处理系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wet garbage comprehensive treatment system according to the present invention.
图2为本发明一种湿垃圾综合处理方法的流程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a wet garbage comprehensive treatment method according to the present invention.
图3为本发明中脱水发酵系统的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the dehydration fermentation system in the present invention.
附图中，驱动装置1、进料斗2、第二识别器3、无轴螺旋推进装置4、过滤网5、第一排水口6、调节气缸7、控制阀8、第二称重器9、中间出料口10、进料口11、秸秆进料口12、气体处置装置13、发酵生化机14、出料口15、第二排水口16、进水口17。In the accompanying drawings, the driving device 1, the feeding hopper 2, the second identifier 3, the shaftless screw propulsion device 4, the filter screen 5, the first water outlet 6, the regulating cylinder 7, the control valve 8, and the second weighing device 9 , the middle discharge port 10, the feed port 11, the straw feed port 12, the gas treatment device 13, the fermentation biochemical machine 14, the discharge port 15, the second drain port 16, and the water intake port 17.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种湿垃圾综合处理系统，包括垃圾收运系统和脱水发酵系统和信息控制系统。As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides a comprehensive treatment system for wet garbage, including a garbage collection and transportation system, a dehydration fermentation system, and an information control system.
垃圾收运系统包括垃圾收运车和垃圾桶，垃圾收运车上装有第一识别器和第一称重器，垃圾桶上设置有电子标签。垃圾桶的数量为多个，每个垃圾桶上均设置一个电子标签。每个垃圾桶上的电子标签包括该垃圾桶的基本信息，垃圾桶的基本信息为垃圾桶代码编号、所属单位、垃圾桶放置时间、收运时间。The garbage collecting and transporting system includes a garbage collecting and transporting vehicle and a garbage can. The garbage collecting and transporting vehicle is equipped with a first identifier and a first weighing device, and the garbage can is provided with an electronic label. There are multiple trash cans, and an electronic label is set on each trash can. The electronic label on each trash can includes the basic information of the trash can. The basic information of the trash can is the code number of the trash can, the unit to which the trash can is placed, and the collection and transportation time.
如图2所示，脱水发酵系统包括驱动装置1、进料斗2、第二识别器3、无轴螺旋推进装置4、调节气缸7、第二称重器9、气体处置装置13、发酵生化机14。驱动装置1包括减速机和承压泵，驱动装置1与无轴螺旋推进装置4连接，无轴螺旋推进装置4上侧与进料斗2底部相通，进料斗2上端边缘设置第二识别器3，无轴螺旋推进装置4下侧设置有第一排水口6、第二排水口16和中间出料口10，第二排水口16与污水管网连接，无轴螺旋推进装置4包括螺杆和调节挡板，调节挡板设置在远离中间出料口10的一侧。无轴螺旋推进装置4内部设置有过滤网5，过滤网5的数量为两片，分别设置在无轴螺旋推进装置4内部的上下两侧。无轴螺旋推进装置4远离驱动装置1的一侧连接调节气缸7，第一排水口6与发酵生化机14的进水口17连接，第一排水口6与发酵生化机14进水口17连接的管路上设置有控制阀8，中间出料口10与发酵生化机14的进料口11连接，中间出料口10与发酵生化机14进料口11连接的管路上设置有第二称重器9，发酵生化机14上侧还设置有秸秆进料口12和气体处置装置13，发酵生化机14底部设置有出料口15。As shown in Figure 2, the dehydration fermentation system includes a driving device 1, a feed hopper 2, a second identifier 3, a shaftless screw propulsion device 4, an adjusting cylinder 7, a second weighing device 9, a gas handling device 13, a fermentation biochemical machine14. The drive device 1 includes a reducer and a pressure pump, the drive device 1 is connected to the shaftless screw propulsion device 4, the upper side of the shaftless screw propulsion device 4 communicates with the bottom of the feed hopper 2, and the upper edge of the feed hopper 2 is provided with a second identifier 3. The lower side of the shaftless screw propulsion device 4 is provided with a first discharge port 6, a second discharge port 16 and an intermediate discharge port 10, and the second discharge port 16 is connected to the sewage pipe network. The shaftless screw propulsion device 4 includes a screw and The baffle is adjusted, and the baffle is arranged on the side away from the middle outlet 10 . The shaftless screw propulsion device 4 is provided with a filter screen 5 inside, and the number of the filter screens 5 is two, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the shaftless screw propulsion device 4 . The side of the shaftless screw propulsion device 4 away from the drive device 1 is connected to the adjustment cylinder 7, the first water outlet 6 is connected to the water inlet 17 of the fermentation biochemical machine 14, and the first water outlet 6 is connected to the water inlet 17 of the fermentation biochemical machine 14. A control valve 8 is arranged on the road, the middle discharge port 10 is connected with the feed port 11 of the fermentation biochemical machine 14, and the pipeline connecting the middle discharge port 10 with the feed port 11 of the fermentation biochemical machine 14 is provided with a second weighing device 9 The upper side of the fermentation biochemical machine 14 is also provided with a straw feed port 12 and a gas treatment device 13 , and the bottom of the fermentation biochemical machine 14 is provided with a discharge port 15 .
第一识别器、第二识别器3、第一称重器、第二称重器9通过无线连接信息控制系统。The first identifier, the second identifier 3, the first weighing device, and the second weighing device 9 are connected to the information control system through wireless.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例在实施例一的基础上提供了一种湿垃圾综合处理方法，用于实现实施例一所述的系统，参照图3，图3为本实施例的流程示意图，本实施例的具体步骤如下：This embodiment provides a comprehensive treatment method for wet garbage on the basis of Embodiment 1, which is used to realize the system described in Embodiment 1. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of this embodiment. The specific details of this embodiment Proceed as follows:
S1、小区内的垃圾桶收集完湿垃圾，垃圾收运车通过第一识别器识别垃圾桶上的电子标签，将电子标签包含的垃圾桶的基本信息上传到控制系统中；第一称重器对垃圾桶的重量进行称重，并将重量上传到信息控制系统中。S1. After the garbage bins in the community have collected wet garbage, the garbage collection and transportation vehicle recognizes the electronic tags on the garbage bins through the first identifier, and uploads the basic information of the garbage bins contained in the electronic tags to the control system; the first weighing device Weigh the weight of the trash can and upload the weight to the information control system.
垃圾收运车收运某几个小区厨余垃圾共计3000kg，垃圾桶上的电子标签包含的垃圾桶的基本信息(垃圾桶代码编号，所属单位，垃圾桶放置时间，收运时间等)上传到信息控制系统中。Garbage collection and transportation trucks collect and transport a total of 3,000kg of kitchen waste from certain communities. The basic information of the trash can contained in the electronic label on the trash can (trash can code number, affiliated unit, garbage can storage time, collection and transportation time, etc.) is uploaded to in the information control system.
S2、垃圾收运车运送湿垃圾到脱水发酵系统，将垃圾收运车中的垃圾从进料斗倒入脱水发酵系统中，无轴螺旋推进装置对湿垃圾进行脱水，第二称重器进行称重后，湿垃圾进入发酵生化机中；S2. The garbage collection vehicle transports the wet garbage to the dehydration fermentation system, pours the garbage in the garbage collection vehicle from the hopper into the dehydration fermentation system, the shaftless screw propulsion device dehydrates the wet garbage, and the second weighing device After weighing, the wet garbage enters the fermentation biochemical machine;
S21、进料斗上的第二识别器识别垃圾桶上的电子标签，并记录到信息控制系统中，信息控制系统将当前收运时间垃圾收运车收运的已识别的垃圾桶的状态记录为已处理。S21. The second recognizer on the feed hopper recognizes the electronic tag on the garbage can, and records it in the information control system, and the information control system records the status of the identified garbage can collected and transported by the garbage collection vehicle at the current collection time is processed.
S22、无轴螺旋推进装置通过调节挡板推动湿垃圾想中间出料口的方向移动，在螺杆和调节挡板的巨大的挤压力作用下，湿垃圾完成脱水；S22. The shaftless screw propulsion device pushes the wet garbage to move in the direction of the middle outlet through the adjustment baffle, and the wet garbage is dehydrated under the action of the huge extrusion force of the screw and the adjustment baffle;
S23、脱水后的湿垃圾从中间出料口排出，调节阀调节排出的水从第一排水口进入到发酵生化机中的水量，当排出的水有剩余时，经过第二排水口进入到污水管网中；S23. The dehydrated wet garbage is discharged from the middle discharge port, and the regulating valve adjusts the amount of discharged water entering the fermentation biochemical machine from the first discharge port. When the discharged water is surplus, it enters the sewage through the second discharge port In the pipe network;
S24、第二称重器对从中间出料口排出的湿垃圾进行称重(脱水后的湿垃圾约1200kg)后，湿垃圾进入到发酵生化机中。S24. After the second weighing device weighs the wet garbage discharged from the middle outlet (about 1200 kg of wet garbage after dehydration), the wet garbage enters the fermentation biochemical machine.
S3、将秸秆进行破碎，根据湿垃圾进入发酵生化机的重量，取湿垃圾重量的1/4作为破碎的秸秆的重量(约300kg)，将破碎的秸秆从秸秆进料口中加入到发酵生化机中，并同时将高温菌种从秸秆进料口加入到发酵生化机中；S3, crush the straw, according to the weight of the wet garbage entering the fermentation biochemical machine, take 1/4 of the weight of the wet garbage as the weight of the broken straw (about 300kg), and add the broken straw to the fermentation biochemical machine from the straw feeding port At the same time, high-temperature strains are added to the fermentation biochemical machine from the straw feed port;
S4、经过6-8小时发酵后，湿垃圾从发酵生化机的出料口排出，从发酵生化机排出的湿垃圾在自然条件下腐熟。根据实际情况，还可以定期进行翻堆。S4. After 6-8 hours of fermentation, the wet garbage is discharged from the outlet of the fermentation biochemical machine, and the wet garbage discharged from the fermentation biochemical machine is decomposed under natural conditions. According to the actual situation, it can also be turned over regularly.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)生化发酵机直接发酵3000kg的厨余垃圾需要发酵24h，耗电量为420度电，而采用本发明的方式耗电量仅60度电，大量节约成本。(1) The biochemical fermentation machine needs to ferment 3000kg of kitchen waste directly for 24 hours, and consumes 420 kilowatt-hours of electricity, while the method of the present invention consumes only 60 kilowatt-hours of electricity, which saves a lot of cost.
(2)相对于生化发酵机直接发酵厨余垃圾产生的氨气与硫化氢累积排放量，本发明氨气的累积排放量减少30％，硫化氢的累积排放量减少45％。(2) Compared with the cumulative discharge of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced by the direct fermentation of kitchen waste by the biochemical fermentation machine, the cumulative discharge of ammonia in the present invention is reduced by 30%, and the cumulative discharge of hydrogen sulfide is reduced by 45%.
(3)将厨余垃圾处理与秸秆处理联合起来，不仅实现了资源的利用，而且秸秆的加入有利于厨余垃圾发酵过程中氨气、硫化氢等有害气体的减少，同时加快腐熟，减少环境的污染和生产运营成本。主要原因是秸秆含有有机质，本身可以发酵成肥料，同时秸秆因为其结构可以作为膨松剂，也可以吸收厨余垃圾高水分。(3) The combination of kitchen waste treatment and straw treatment not only realizes the utilization of resources, but also helps to reduce harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during the fermentation process of kitchen waste, and at the same time accelerates decomposition and reduces environmental pollution. pollution and production operating costs. The main reason is that the straw contains organic matter and can be fermented into fertilizer. At the same time, the straw can be used as a leavening agent because of its structure, and can also absorb the high moisture content of kitchen waste.
(4)将脱水和发酵装置结合起来，脱水装置的水分可以用于发酵装置，减少了污水的处置，减少水资源的浪费。脱水装置的排料口与发酵装置相连，整个物料无需二次转运，减少环境的污染。(4) Combining the dehydration and fermentation devices, the water in the dehydration device can be used in the fermentation device, reducing the disposal of sewage and reducing the waste of water resources. The discharge port of the dehydration device is connected to the fermentation device, and the whole material does not need to be transported twice, reducing environmental pollution.
(5)现有技术直接采用发酵装置处置厨余垃圾，一般处置24h，耗电量大，主要是没有经过前期脱水预处理，发酵缓慢。本发明将脱水与发酵、自然二次发酵结合起来，发酵仅6-8小时，大量节省了运营成本。(5) The existing technology directly uses a fermentation device to dispose of kitchen waste. Generally, it takes 24 hours to dispose of kitchen waste, which consumes a lot of electricity. The main reason is that it has not undergone pre-dehydration pretreatment and the fermentation is slow. The present invention combines dehydration with fermentation and natural secondary fermentation, and the fermentation is only 6-8 hours, greatly saving operating costs.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解；其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand; it still can Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be included within the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.
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| CN208680141U (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-04-02 | 杭州鹏创环保科技有限公司 | A kind of food waste remaining meal rubbish processing system |
| CN211005175U (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-07-14 | 重庆暄洁再生资源利用有限公司 | Wet garbage comprehensive treatment system |
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