CN110583158B - An embedded mulch cover perforated seeder - Google Patents

An embedded mulch cover perforated seeder Download PDF

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CN110583158B
CN110583158B CN201910997097.0A CN201910997097A CN110583158B CN 110583158 B CN110583158 B CN 110583158B CN 201910997097 A CN201910997097 A CN 201910997097A CN 110583158 B CN110583158 B CN 110583158B
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film
opener
embedded
duckbill
fixed
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CN110583158A (en
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李其昀
谯懿宸
高晨
唐国庆
闫昊
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Shandong University of Technology
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Shandong University of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A01G13/30—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/37—Arrangements for laying out or removing ground coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
    • A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
    • A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及到一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，适用于田间铺膜及播种，属于农业机械领域。由驱动总成、传动系统、驱动轮、地膜、开沟器、镇压轮、电动推杆、喷药系统、控制盒、嵌膜盘、弹簧、鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮、种肥箱、排种器、施肥器、机架组成，该装置由驱动总成通过驱动系统带动驱动轮工作，开沟器立柱安装在可调整机架上，将开沟器与开沟器立柱成45°安装在开沟器立柱上，两个与立柱成45°的嵌膜盘，与开沟器协同完成铺膜。机架后端安装有鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮，各鸭嘴间距可调。整机后端安装截顶圆锥形的镇压轮，压力可以根据农业要求由监控系统进行调整。鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮、种肥箱、排种器和施肥器构成装置的播种系统，装置设计有两组播种系统，分别等距安装在机架两侧，完成施肥和播种过程。控制盒通过控制电动推杆的伸缩来控制装置的压膜强度。

Figure 201910997097

The invention relates to an embedded mulching film covering and perforating seeder, which is suitable for field mulching and sowing, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. It consists of drive assembly, transmission system, drive wheel, mulching film, opener, repression wheel, electric push rod, spray system, control box, film-embedded disc, spring, duckbill punching seeding roller, seed fertilizer box, row The device is composed of a seeder, a fertilizer applicator and a frame. The device is driven by the drive assembly through the drive system to drive the drive wheel to work. The opener column is installed on the adjustable frame, and the opener and the opener column are installed at a 45° angle. On the column of the opener, there are two film-embedding discs at 45° to the column, which cooperate with the opener to complete the film laying. The rear end of the rack is equipped with duckbill punching and seeding rollers, and the spacing between the duckbills is adjustable. The rear end of the whole machine is equipped with a truncated conical pressing wheel, and the pressure can be adjusted by the monitoring system according to the agricultural requirements. Duckbill punching sowing roller, seed fertilizer box, seed metering device and fertilizer applicator constitute the seeding system of the device. The device is designed with two sets of seeding systems, which are installed on both sides of the rack at equal distances to complete the process of fertilization and sowing. The control box controls the lamination strength of the device by controlling the extension and contraction of the electric push rod.

Figure 201910997097

Description

Embedded plastic film bedding and punching seeder
Technical Field
The invention relates to an embedded mulching film laying and punching seeder, belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and mainly has the innovation points of a ditching and mulching mode and a punching and seeding device.
Background
And (3) carrying out ditching, film paving and soil covering and pressing on the traditional plastic film mulching machines such as KDF-1 type, 2BFM-2 type and the like. The traditional mulch applicator needs a great ditching depth and a great film pressing area to ensure the stability of the mulch, so that the mulch utilization rate is not high and the energy consumption is high. The tractor does not go directly, and factors such as earthing device interval is unreasonable lead to the earthing volume improper, the skew turn-up of plastic film. The seedling can be injured in the seedling digging process in the later stage, the size of punching can not be artificially controlled, the later stage growth of seedling is caused to be problematic, and the survival rate of seeds is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor mulching film fixing effect, overlarge mulching film covering area, heavy machine body structure, different later-stage punching sizes and the like of the conventional mulching film machine, and provides a novel mulching film covering and punching seeder.
In order to solve the problems of poor mulching film fixing effect, overlarge mulching film covering area and the like, the adopted technical scheme is that the traditional ditching and laminating mode is improved, a front-end ditcher ditches furrows, and the rear end adopts a mode that a mulching film is embedded into soil at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground by a film embedding disc, so that a small amount of mulching film is obliquely embedded into the soil, and the utilization rate of the mulching film is improved. The press wheel is arranged at the rear end of the machine body, and the main purpose of the press wheel is to better contact the mulching film with soil and achieve a better fixing effect. The mulch film machine frame is provided with a pesticide spraying box, pesticide is sprayed to the edge part of the mulch film, the main purpose is to spray pesticide to the seeds sowed at the back, and meanwhile, the part of the mulch film entering the soil is better adhered to the soil by wetting the ground, so that the mulch film is better fixed in the soil.
In order to solve the instability of the post-punching size, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: improve the mode of traditional seeding earlier after the tectorial membrane, adopt the mode of seeding after the tectorial membrane earlier, there is the disseminator at the rear end of frame, punches before sowing the plastic film, reduces the artifical instability of digging the seedling.
Further explaining the technical scheme, the seeder adopts a duckbilled punching seeding roller, improves the duckbilled shape, adopts an arc edge, and installs the seeding roller on an upright post which forms 90 degrees with the ground. Its main objective is in order to reduce the adhesion of plastic film and machine to lead to the effect of punching not good.
The whole machine only adopts one traveling wheel, and the purpose is to avoid the use of a differential mechanism of a general two-wheel seeder and reduce the size of the machine body for the convenience of steering. Two press wheels are installed at the rear end, the main purpose of the press wheels is to play a role in pressing, and meanwhile, the function of supporting the rack is played, so that the operation risk is reduced.
On the rear end frame of plastic film fixed axle, install and spout the medical kit, at the tubule of medical kit bottom installation band valve to lead to the position that plastic film fixed axle both ends are inclined to the interior with the tubule, make liquid medicine spray the plastic film both ends just, thereby make the better adhesion of plastic film and soil, avoid the plant diseases and insect pests of seedling simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that 1) an obliquely embedded mulching film paving mode is adopted, the soil at the bottom layer is prevented from turning upwards, and the loss of water is reduced. The embedded mulching film laying and punching seeder adopts intelligent control of the film pressing strength and the ditching depth, realizes reasonable film pressing, reduces damage to the mulching film and improves the utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side structure view of an embedded mulching film laying hole-drilling seeder provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the embedded mulching film laying hole-drilling seeder provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the punching and seeding device.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the shank construction.
In the drawings: 1. the device comprises a driving assembly, 2, a transmission system, 3, a driving wheel, 4, a mulching film, 5, a furrow opener, 6, a press wheel, 7, an electric push rod, 8, a pesticide spraying system, 9, a control box, 10, a disc embedding film, 11, a spring, 12, a duckbilled punching seeding roller, 13, a seed and fertilizer box, 14, a seed sowing device, 15, a fertilizer applicator, 16 and a rack.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the drive assembly (1) drives the drive wheel (3) to provide power for the device through the transmission system (2) of the embedded mulching film laying and punching seeder provided by the invention; the furrow opener (5) is fixed on a fixed rod of a rack (16), the film embedding disc (10) is fixed on the furrow opener (5) through a spring (11), and a pesticide spraying system (8) positioned above the furrow opener (5) is fixed on a liquid tank fixed seat; the seeding device is positioned behind the furrow opener and consists of a duckbilled type punching seeding roller (12), a seed and fertilizer box (13), a seeding device (14) and a fertilizer applicator (15), wherein the seeding device (14) and the fertilizer applicator (15) are positioned below the seed and fertilizer box (13), and the duckbilled type punching seeding roller (12) is positioned below the seeding device (14) and the fertilizer applicator (15); the electric push rod (7) is positioned behind the seeder and is fixed on the rack (16) through a fixed seat and a pressure spring, and a press wheel (6) is fixed below the rack through a U-shaped bolt; the whole effect of establishing ties of frame, the medicine system (8) that spouts that is located furrow opener (5) top is fixed on the liquid case fixing base, installs the liquid pipe that has the valve in the liquid bottom of the case portion, and the liquid pipe is fixed through frame (16) and is stretched to plastic film both ends edge top: before work, a mulching film is arranged on a mulching film fixing shaft and pulled into a space between a film embedding disc (10) and a ridge, a driving assembly (1) drives a travelling wheel to travel to pull the whole machine to move forwards during work, a furrow opener is used for digging a film embedding ditch, the mulching film is embedded into the film embedding ditch under the action of the film embedding disc (10), and the film embedding ditch is filled with the soil falling back from the back to finish film covering; the seeder that is located the machine rear portion follows the machine antedisplacement, drives duckbilled formula seeding gyro wheel (12) and rolls that punches, when drive seed metering ware (fertilizer applicator) seed metering (arrange fertile) seed (fertilizer) in with kind fertile case (13) are discharged, punches and duckbilled opening the plastic film, and it is downthehole to emit seed (fertilizer), accomplishes seeding (fertilization) process, and press wheel (6) of organism rear end carry out the suppression to the plastic film and fix.

Claims (5)

1.一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，包括驱动总成(1)、传动系统(2)、驱动轮(3)、地膜(4)、开沟器(5)、镇压轮(6)、电动推杆(7)、喷药系统(8)、控制盒(9)、嵌膜盘(10)、弹簧(11)、鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮(12)、种肥箱(13)、排种器(14)、施肥器(15)、机架(16)，其特征驱动总成(1)通过传动系统(2)带动驱动轮(3)给装置提供动力；开沟器(5)固定于机架(16)的固定杆上，嵌膜盘(10)通过弹簧(11)固定于开沟器(5)上，位于开沟器(5)上方的喷药系统(8)固定在液体箱固定座上；播种装置位于开沟器后方，由鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮(12)、种肥箱(13)、排种器(14)和施肥器(15)组成，其中排种器(14)和施肥器(15)位于种肥箱(13)的下方，鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮(12)位于排种器(14)和施肥器(15)的下方；电动推杆(7)位于播种器的后方，通过固定座以及压簧固定在机架(16)上，机架下方通过U型螺栓固定有镇压轮(6)；机架整体串连作用,位于开沟器(5)上方的喷药系统(8)固定在液体箱固定座上，将带有阀门的液体管安装在液箱底部，液体管通过机架(16)固定引伸到地膜两端边缘上方：开沟器(5)曲面x²+y²+2z²-9x+4y-18=0；嵌膜盘(10)，曲面公式：x²+3y²+z²-2x+5z=0；鸭嘴器弧端趋势曲线公式：3y²-4x+1=0；镇压轮工作面有平面和曲面两种方案，曲面公式：x²+y²+z²-2x+4y-4z-7=0；工作前将地膜装在地膜固定轴上,将地膜拉入嵌膜盘(10)与地垄之间，工作时驱动总成(1)驱动行走轮行走牵引整个机器前移，开沟器开出嵌膜沟，在嵌膜盘(10)的作用下地膜嵌入嵌膜沟中，后面的土壤回落将嵌膜沟填满，完成覆膜；位于机器后部的播种装置跟随机器前移，带动鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮(12)滚动，在驱动排种器和施肥器排种和排肥将种肥箱（13）内的种子和肥料排出的同时，对地膜打孔和鸭嘴的开启，将种子和肥料排入孔内，完成播种和施肥工序，机体后端的镇压轮(6)对地膜进行镇压固定，强化铺膜效果，完成整个覆膜打孔播种和施肥过程。1. An embedded mulch covering and drilling planter, comprising a drive assembly (1), a transmission system (2), a drive wheel (3), a mulch (4), a trench opener (5), and a pressing wheel (6) , electric push rod (7), spraying system (8), control box (9), film-embedded disc (10), spring (11), duckbill punching and seeding roller (12), seed fertilizer box (13) , a seed metering device (14), a fertilizer applicator (15), and a frame (16), characterized in that the drive assembly (1) drives the drive wheel (3) through the transmission system (2) to provide power to the device; the opener (5) ) is fixed on the fixing rod of the frame (16), the film-embedding disc (10) is fixed on the opener (5) by the spring (11), and the spraying system (8) above the opener (5) is fixed On the fixed seat of the liquid tank; the seeding device is located behind the opener and consists of a duckbill punching seeding roller (12), a seed fertilizer box (13), a seed metering device (14) and a fertilizer applicator (15). The seed device (14) and the fertilizer applicator (15) are located below the seed fertilizer box (13), and the duckbill punching and seeding roller (12) is located under the seed meter (14) and the fertilizer applicator (15); the electric push rod (7) It is located at the rear of the seeder, and is fixed on the frame (16) by the fixing seat and the compression spring, and the pressing wheel (6) is fixed under the frame by the U-bolt; (5) The spraying system (8) above is fixed on the fixed seat of the liquid tank, and the liquid pipe with the valve is installed at the bottom of the liquid tank. Groove device (5) curved surface x²+y²+2z²-9x+4y-18=0; film-embedded disc (10), surface formula: x²+3y²+z²-2x+5z=0; duckbill arc end trend curve formula : 3y²-4x+1=0; the working surface of the repression wheel has two schemes: flat and curved, the formula of the curved surface: x²+y²+z²-2x+4y-4z-7=0; before the work, install the mulch on the mulch fixed shaft , Pull the plastic film between the film-embedding disc (10) and the ground ridge. During operation, the drive assembly (1) drives the traveling wheel to drive the whole machine to move forward. Under the action of ), the mulch is embedded in the film-embedding groove, and the soil behind falls back to fill the film-embedding groove to complete the mulching; the seeding device at the rear of the machine moves forward with the machine, and drives the duckbill punching and seeding roller (12) to roll. , while driving the seed metering device and the fertilizer applicator to discharge the seeds and fertilizers in the seed fertilizer box (13), the mulch film is punched and the duckbill is opened, and the seeds and fertilizers are discharged into the holes. In the sowing and fertilization process, the pressing wheel (6) at the rear end of the machine presses and fixes the plastic film, strengthens the film laying effect, and completes the entire process of mulching, perforating, sowing and fertilizing. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，其特征在于：开沟器(5)和嵌膜盘(10)左右各自作为一个单体与地垄倾斜一定角度，可调节范围0-45°，嵌膜盘(10)通过弹簧与固定杆连接，固定在开沟器(5)后上方，距开沟器最前端100mm~1000mm处。2. A kind of embedded mulch covering and perforating seeder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the left and right of the trench opener (5) and the film-embedding disc (10) are respectively inclined at a certain angle with the ground ridge as a single unit, The adjustable range is 0-45°. The film-embedding disc (10) is connected to the fixing rod through a spring, and is fixed at the rear and top of the opener (5), 100mm~1000mm from the front end of the opener. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，其特征在于：开沟器(5)曲面有两种方案，一是平面；二是曲面x²+y²+2z²-9x+4y-18=0；嵌膜盘(10)有平盘和曲面盘两种方案，曲面公式：x²+3y²+z²-2x+5z=0。3. An embedded mulch covering perforating planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the opener (5) curved surface has two schemes, one is a plane; the other is a curved surface x²+y²+2z²-9x +4y-18=0; there are two options for the embedded disc (10), the flat disc and the curved disc. The surface formula is: x²+3y²+z²-2x+5z=0. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，其特征在于：鸭嘴式打孔播种滚轮(12)与地面呈90°固定在机架上，1-20个鸭嘴式打孔器固定在外径0-2000mm、内径0-1800mm的滚轮上；鸭嘴器具有一定弧度，鸭嘴器弧端趋势曲线公式：3y²-4x+1=0。4. A kind of embedded mulch covering perforating planter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: duckbill type perforating planting roller (12) is fixed on the frame at 90° with the ground, 1-20 ducks The mouth punch is fixed on a roller with an outer diameter of 0-2000mm and an inner diameter of 0-1800mm; the duckbill has a certain arc, and the trend curve formula of the arc end of the duckbill is: 3y²-4x+1=0. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种嵌入式地膜铺盖打孔播种机，其特征在于：镇压轮(6)通过电动推杆(7)固定在机架上，受控制盒(9)的控制，可镇压距机架700mm-900mm的地垄；镇压轮工作面有平面和曲面两种方案，曲面公式：x²+y²+z²-2x+4y-4z-7=0。5. A kind of embedded mulch covering perforating planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressing wheel (6) is fixed on the frame through the electric push rod (7), and is controlled by the control box (9) , it can suppress the ground ridges 700mm-900mm away from the frame; the working surface of the pressing wheel has two schemes: flat and curved. The curved surface formula is: x²+y²+z²-2x+4y-4z-7=0.
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