CN110576025B - Process method for fine classification and sorting pretreatment of household garbage - Google Patents
Process method for fine classification and sorting pretreatment of household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110576025B CN110576025B CN201910739164.9A CN201910739164A CN110576025B CN 110576025 B CN110576025 B CN 110576025B CN 201910739164 A CN201910739164 A CN 201910739164A CN 110576025 B CN110576025 B CN 110576025B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
Abstract
The invention relates to a process method for finely classifying, sorting and pretreating household garbage, which comprises the steps of breaking bags of the household garbage, carrying out single-stage screening, extracting RDF (refuse derived materials) by using RDF extraction equipment after screening, obtaining wet RDF floccules and slurry which is less than 20mm in particle size and contains perishable organic matters, silt, inorganic matter particles and water, crushing oversize products which are obtained after screening and are larger than 80mm, then carrying out multi-stage cleaning, carrying out air separation, adjusting the solid content of the slurry containing the perishable organic matters, carrying out jigging sorting, carrying out slurry filter pressing, obtaining perishable organic matter filter cakes and filtrate, and recycling the filtrate after advanced oxidation modification treatment. According to the invention, the domestic garbage is finely divided into refined RDF, pure perishable organic matters, metals and harmless inorganic particles through the processes, so that the fine classification of the mixed primary domestic garbage is realized, and a foundation is laid for resource conversion of subsequent products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of garbage treatment of garbage classification and sorting, in particular to a process method for fine classification and sorting pretreatment of household garbage.
Background
With the development of society, the urbanization process is accelerated, the urban population is increased, the living standard of people is improved, the yield of urban domestic garbage is continuously increased, the pollution to the environment and the harm to the health of people are increasingly serious, and the development of cities is also limited. The garbage classification is an improvement of the traditional garbage collection and disposal mode, and is a scientific management method for effectively disposing garbage. In the situation of increasing garbage yield and environmental condition deterioration, how to realize garbage resource utilization to the maximum extent through garbage classification treatment, reduce landfill of garbage and improve living environment quality is one of the urgent problems which are commonly concerned by countries in the world at present.
In the comprehensive resource disposal technology of garbage, the fine classification and sorting of the garbage is the most critical step. And the refined RDF with low water content, low ash content and no material metal and inorganic particles can not be obtained without fine classification and sorting of garbage, and the yield and the quality of main pyrolysis products (pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon) of the RDF are difficult to ensure. The garbage is not finely classified and sorted, pure perishable organic matters without RDF, metals and inorganic particles cannot be obtained, perishable objects which account for nearly half of the weight of the garbage cannot be found out, the garbage still needs to be buried, and pollution discharge such as percolate, landfill gas and the like is generated continuously in the process of burying. The garbage is not finely classified and sorted, the metals in the garbage cannot be completely sorted, and the metals in the garbage cannot be recycled to the maximum extent. The fine classification and sorting of the garbage are not carried out, and the obtained inorganic residues are contaminated by organic matters, cannot be treated by the simplest method and can become the burden of garbage treatment and a solid pollution source.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a process method for finely classifying mixed garbage with a single source. A process method for finely classifying, sorting and pretreating household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) breaking the bag, namely breaking the domestic garbage;
(b) single-stage screening, namely screening the household garbage broken in the step (a) into oversize products larger than 80mm and undersize products smaller than 80mm by using a 80mm rotary screen;
(c) RDF extraction, namely extracting the RDF from the undersize product with the particle size less than 80mm obtained in the step (b) by using RDF extraction equipment to obtain wet RDF floccule and slurry with the particle size less than 20mm and containing perishable organic matters, silt, inorganic matter particles and water;
(d) crushing, namely crushing oversize products which are obtained after screening in the step (b) and are larger than 80 mm;
(e) performing multi-stage RDF cleaning, namely performing multi-stage cleaning on wet RDF floccules obtained after the RDF is extracted in the step (c) and oversize products which are crushed in the step (d) and are larger than 80mm by using RDF cleaning equipment to obtain dehydrated RDF crude products and RDF cleaning slurry;
(f) performing air separation on the RDF, namely cleaning and dehydrating in the step (e) to obtain an RDF crude product, and performing air separation to obtain refined RDF and metal;
(g) adjusting the solid content of the slurry containing the perishable organic matters, and mixing the slurry extracted in the step (c) with the RDF cleaning slurry and the circulating washing liquid subjected to the multi-stage cleaning in the step (e) to obtain mixed slurry;
(h) performing jigging separation on the slurry, namely performing jigging separation on the mixed slurry adjusted in the step (g) through a jigger, separating inorganic matters, and separating fine RDF light floats to obtain the slurry containing perishable organic matter fine crushed matters in the middle;
(i) performing pressure filtration on the slurry, namely putting the slurry containing the perishable organic matter fine particles in the middle obtained in the step (h) into a pressure filter for pressure filtration to obtain perishable organic matter cakes and filtrate;
(j) (ii) filtrate treatment, namely (i) performing advanced oxidation treatment on the filtrate obtained after filter pressing in the step (i) to obtain recyclable circulating washing liquor;
(k) and (5) washing and dehydrating the RDF, and washing and dehydrating the fine RDF light flotage obtained after separation in the step (h) to obtain the refined RDF.
Preferably, the recycled washing liquid obtained after the filtrate treatment in the step (j) enters the step (g) and the step (c) for recycling.
Preferably, the bag breaking rate of the step (a) is higher than 95%, and the size of the mixed household garbage subjected to bag breaking treatment is more than 90% and less than 200 mm.
Preferably, the water content of the perishable organic cake is 50-60%.
Preferably, the RDF cleaning equipment consists of a support frame and a shell, the support frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell, the left side of the top of the shell is fixedly connected with a feeding hole, and the right end of the bottom of the shell is provided with a discharging end; a motor is arranged on the outer side of the shell, the motor is fixedly arranged on the support frame, and a central shaft is movably arranged in the middle of the left side of the shell; the output end of the motor is in belt transmission connection with the central shaft; movable mounting has the main shaft in the middle of the inside of casing, the left end and the center pin fixed connection of main shaft, the right-hand member of main shaft runs through the right side wall of casing, the right-hand member fixedly connected with oral siphon of main shaft, a plurality of apopores have been seted up on the main shaft, the outer fixed surface of main shaft is connected with a plurality of blades of evenly distributed, the sieve bucket has been cup jointed in the outside of main shaft, the inside wall of casing and the terminal surface fixed connection of sieve bucket, the blanking mouth that corresponds the setting with the feed inlet is seted up to the roof of sieve bucket, the outside fixed mounting of sieve bucket has the fixed block that is the circumference array and arranges, fixed mounting has the funnel in the middle of the bottom of casing.
Preferably, the main shaft is provided with a hollow shape; the water outlet holes are uniformly distributed.
Preferably, the blades are inclined; the screen barrel is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell through the fixing block.
Preferably, the RDF extraction equipment comprises a separation box, a feed port is formed in one end of the top of the separation box, an organic matter groove is formed in the middle of the bottom end of the separation box, an RDF groove is formed in one end of the bottom of the separation box, discharge ports are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the organic matter groove and the RDF groove, a crushing mechanism and a separation and extraction mechanism are arranged inside the separation box, the crushing mechanism corresponds to the feed port, the separation and extraction mechanism corresponds to the organic matter groove, the crushing mechanism comprises a fixed shaft, a transmission shaft and a hammer head, the hammer head is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft, far away from the fixed shaft, penetrates through the separation box and is connected with a driving device, the separation and extraction mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a helical blade and a screen, the screen is sleeved on the outer side of the helical blade, and a support rod is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the helical blade, helical blade's one end and screen cloth fixed connection are kept away from to the bracing piece, helical blade and pivot are as an organic whole, helical blade's inside is the cavity form, the delivery port has been seted up on helical blade's surface, the inlet channel has been seted up to the inside of pivot, helical blade's one end and fixed axle fixed connection, the one end of pivot runs through the separator box and the swivelling joint has a shaft support, one side of shaft support is equipped with water supply mechanism, water supply mechanism includes suction pump, inlet tube and conduction pipe, the input and the inlet tube fixed connection of suction pump, the output and the conduction pipe fixed connection of suction pump, the inlet channel is linked together with helical blade's inside, the conduction pipe is linked together with the inlet channel.
Preferably, the screen cloth is the cylinder, the mesh on screen cloth surface is square or circular, the screen cloth is close the one end of tup and is equipped with the sealing washer, sealing washer and separator box fixed connection, the screen cloth is close the one end of pivot and is corresponded with the RDF groove, the middle part of screen cloth corresponds with organic matter groove, the tup has two sets ofly, two the tup symmetry is fixed in the both sides of fixed axle.
Preferably, the water content of the refined RDF is 13% -17%, and the soil content is lower than 10%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the mixed domestic garbage is finely divided into refined RDF, pure perishable organic matters, metals and harmless inorganic particles by bag breaking, RDF extraction, RDF multi-stage cleaning, RDF winnowing, adjustment of solid content of slurry containing perishable organic matters, slurry jigging and sorting and slurry filter pressing, so that the fine classification and sorting of the mixed garbage are realized, the recovery rate of the garbage is improved, and a foundation is laid for subsequent resource conversion of the produced matters.
(2) The circulating washing liquid obtained by treating the filtrate is subjected to advanced oxidation to realize deodorization and modification, and is added into the RDF multistage cleaning process and the RDF extraction process for use, so that the closed cycle of the circulating washing liquid is realized, and no wastewater is discharged in the whole cleaning process.
(3) The invention carries out RDF multi-stage cleaning through RDF cleaning equipment, realizes the dehydration of RDF, the ash removal and the separation of metal and inorganic particles through mechanical means, obtains refined RDF, creates conditions for changing RDF into standard products, and lays a foundation for reducing the RDF pyrolysis cost and improving the quality of the product.
(4) The RDF extraction equipment is designed by fully utilizing the characteristics between plastics, fabrics, rubber, paper and the like in the garbage and perishable organic matters, silt, metals and inorganic particles. The high-efficiency separation of the soft objects and the impact fragile objects is realized. Through the tup shape, the scientific design of angle, reduce the damage in the RDF cleaning process, make rubbish feeding and RDF ejection of compact realize smoothly, through the spraying mouth setting with water in the pivot of device, on tup and helical blade, again in the pivot, under the effect of helical blade and screen cloth, the quantity of water has not only significantly reduced, and through the centrifugal force that the high-speed rotation of material produced and the high-speed rotatory screen cloth under the wet attitude, realize the separation of fine crushing thing and bold soft thing rapidly, RDF extraction effect has been improved, guarantee the smooth discharge of thick liquids.
(5) According to the invention, the jigging separation equipment in the mineral separation industry is used for realizing the fine classification and separation of the slurry after the RDF is extracted, removing the RDF, metals and inorganic inert substances in the perishable organic matters, ensuring the purity of the perishable organic matters and creating conditions for the fertilization of humus. The water content of the pure perishable organic matter filter cake is kept between 50 and 60 percent through filter pressing, and the optimal condition of subsequent fermentation is met.
(6) The invention realizes the modification treatment of the washing liquor of the system through advanced oxidation and flocculation sedimentation, does not cause the washing liquor to go bad, realizes long-term recycling without discharging, not only reduces the sewage discharge in the fine garbage classification and separation process, but also mostly reduces the treatment cost of the fine garbage classification and separation.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the RDF cleaning apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing of the RDF cleaning apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a screen drum of the RDF cleaning equipment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic front sectional view of the RDF extraction device configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the helical blade configuration of the RDF extraction apparatus configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the helical blade and screen attachment of the RDF extraction apparatus configuration of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1. RDF cleaning equipment; RDF cleaning equipment; 3, conveying the belt; 4. a feed inlet; 5. a discharge end; 6. a support frame; 7. a motor; 8. a drain pipe; 9. a main shaft; 10. a central shaft; 11. a housing; 12. a funnel; 13. a water inlet pipe; 14. a blade; 15. a water outlet hole; 16. a screen barrel; 17. a fixed block; RDF extraction equipment 21, separator boxes; 22. a motor support; 23. a shaft support; 24. a variable frequency motor; 25. a rotating shaft; 26. a helical blade; 27. a water outlet; 28. a water inlet pipe; 29. a support bar; 210. screening a screen; 211. a fixed shaft; 212. a transmission shaft; 213. a coupling; 214. a hammer head; 215. a feeding port; 216. an organic matter tank; 217. an RDF slot; 218. a discharge valve; 219. a water pump; 220. a water inlet pipe; 221. a conduction pipe; 222. a seal ring; 223. a crushing mechanism; 224. a separation and extraction mechanism; 225. a drive device; 226. a water supply mechanism.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
as shown in the figure, the process method for the fine classification, sorting and pretreatment of the household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) breaking bags, namely breaking the household garbage, wherein the household garbage is mixed household garbage which is classified and collected with building garbage, large garbage and decoration garbage;
(b) single-stage screening, namely screening the mixed primary domestic garbage broken in the step (a) into oversize products larger than 80mm and undersize products smaller than 80mm by using a 80mm rotary screen;
(c) RDF extraction, namely extracting the RDF from the undersize product with the particle size less than 80mm obtained in the step (b) by using RDF extraction equipment 18 (in the extraction process, circulating washing water is added if necessary) to obtain wet RDF floccule and slurry which contains perishable organic matters, silt and inorganic matter particles with the particle size less than 20mm and water;
(d) crushing, namely crushing oversize products which are obtained after screening in the step (b) and are larger than 80 mm;
(e) performing multi-stage RDF cleaning, namely performing multi-stage cleaning on wet RDF floccules obtained after the RDF extraction in the step (c) and oversize products which are crushed in the step (d) and are larger than 80mm by using RDF cleaning equipment 1 to obtain dehydrated RDF crude products and RDF cleaning slurry;
(f) performing air separation on the RDF, namely cleaning and dehydrating in the step (e) to obtain an RDF crude product, and performing air separation to obtain refined RDF and metal;
(g) adjusting the solid content of the slurry containing perishable organic matters, mixing the slurry extracted in the step (c) with the RDF cleaning slurry and the circulating washing liquid subjected to the multi-stage cleaning in the step (e), and adding circulating washing water to adjust the solid content if necessary to obtain mixed slurry;
(h) performing jigging separation on the slurry, namely performing jigging separation on the mixed slurry adjusted in the step (g) through a jigger, separating inorganic matters, and separating fine RDF light floats to obtain slurry containing perishable organic matter fine floats in the middle, wherein the jigger is the prior art, and the separated harmless inorganic matters directly enter a building refuse landfill or are used as filling materials;
(i) performing pressure filtration on the slurry, namely putting the slurry containing the perishable organic matter fine particles in the middle obtained in the step (h) into a pressure filter for pressure filtration to obtain perishable organic matter cakes and filtrate, and keeping the water content of the filter cakes between 50 and 60 percent to meet the optimal humidity of perishable organic matter fermentation; the aim of controlling the content of heavy metal in the perishable organic matters can be achieved by monitoring the concentration of the heavy metal in the process water of the slurry filter pressing, so that the quality of the perishable organic matters can be controlled;
(j) (ii) treating the filtrate, namely performing advanced oxidation treatment on the filtrate obtained after filter pressing in the step (i) through ozone micro-nano bubbles; the micro-nano bubble technology is the prior art, deodorization, partial decomposition of COD, sterilization and the like are realized by treating washing liquor, the washing liquor is kept not to decay and deteriorate, and the washing liquor can be recycled for a long time;
(k) and (5) washing and dehydrating the RDF, washing and dehydrating the fine-crushed RDF light floats obtained after separation in the step (h) to obtain refined RDF, and mixing the remaining slurry into the mixed slurry to realize recycling.
Specifically, the circulating washing liquid obtained after the filtrate in the step (j) is treated enters the step (g), the step (c) and the step (g) for recycling, so that the recycling of the circulating washing liquid is realized, the whole process is in a dynamic balance process, and the accumulation of pollutants is avoided.
Specifically, the bag breaking rate in the step (a) is higher than 95%, the size of the mixed household garbage subjected to bag breaking treatment is more than 90% and less than 200mm, and the size of the mixed household garbage subjected to bag breaking treatment is more than 90% and less than 200mm, so that the subsequent screening process is facilitated.
Specifically, the water content of the perishable organic matter cake is 50-60%, and the quality of perishable organic matter is guaranteed.
Specifically, the RDF cleaning equipment 1 is composed of a support frame 6 and a shell 11, wherein the support frame 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell 11, a feed inlet 4 is fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the shell 11, and a discharge end 5 is installed at the right end of the bottom of the shell 11; a motor 7 is arranged on the outer side of the shell 11, the motor 7 is fixedly arranged on the support frame 6, and a central shaft 10 is movably arranged in the middle of the left side of the shell 11; the output end of the motor 7 is in belt transmission connection with the central shaft 10; movable mounting has main shaft 9 in the middle of the inside of casing 11, the left end and the center pin 10 fixed connection of main shaft 9, the right-hand member of main shaft 9 runs through the right side wall of casing 11, the right-hand member fixedly connected with oral siphon 13 of main shaft 9, a plurality of apopores 15 have been seted up on main shaft 9, the outer fixed surface of main shaft 9 is connected with a plurality of blades 14 of evenly distributed, sieve bucket 16 has been cup jointed in the outside of main shaft 9, the terminal surface fixed connection of the inside wall of casing 11 and sieve bucket 16, the blanking mouth that corresponds the setting with feed inlet 4 is seted up to the roof of sieve bucket 16, sieve bucket 16's outside fixed mounting has the fixed block 17 that is the circumference array and arranges, fixed mounting has funnel 12 in the middle of casing 11's bottom.
Specifically, the main shaft 9 is provided in a hollow shape; a plurality of the water outlet holes 15 are uniformly arranged.
In particular, the blades 14 are inclined; the sieve barrel 16 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 11 through a fixing block 17, so that a spiral transmission cavity is formed inside the sieve barrel 16, and the blades 14 push the materials to rotate and move axially.
Specifically, the RDF extraction device 18 includes a separation box 21, a feeding port 215 is formed at one end of the top of the separation box 21, an organic matter groove 216 is formed in the middle of the bottom end of the separation box 21, an RDF groove 217 is formed at one end of the bottom of the separation box 21, discharge valves 218 are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the organic matter groove 216 and the RDF groove 217, a crushing mechanism 223 and a separation extraction mechanism 224 are arranged inside the separation box 21, the crushing mechanism 223 corresponds to the feeding port 215, the separation extraction mechanism 224 corresponds to the organic matter groove 216, the crushing mechanism 223 includes a fixing shaft 211, a transmission shaft 212 and a hammer 214, the hammer 214 is fixedly connected to the circumference of the fixing shaft 211, the fixing shaft 211 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft 212, which is far away from the fixing shaft 211, penetrates through the separation box 21 and is connected to a driving device 225, and the separation extraction mechanism 224 includes a rotating shaft 25, Helical blade 26 and screen cloth 210, screen cloth 210 cover is in helical blade 26's outside, helical blade 26's circumference fixedly connected with bracing piece 29, helical blade 26's one end and screen cloth 210 fixed connection are kept away from to bracing piece 29, helical blade 26 and pivot 25 are as an organic whole, helical blade 26's inside is the cavity form, delivery port 27 has been seted up on helical blade 26's surface, inlet channel 28 has been seted up to the inside of pivot 25, helical blade 26's one end and fixed axle 211 fixed connection, the one end of pivot 25 runs through separator 21 and is rotated and be connected with axle support 23, one side of axle support 23 is equipped with water supply mechanism 226, water supply mechanism 226 includes suction pump 219, inlet tube 220 and conduction pipe 221, suction pump 219's input and inlet tube 220 fixed connection, suction pump 219's output and conduction pipe 221 fixed connection, the water inlet pipe 28 is communicated with the inside of the spiral blade 26, and the conduction pipe 221 is communicated with the water inlet pipe 28.
Optionally, the screen cloth 210 is the cylinder, the mesh on screen cloth 210 surface is square or circular, the one end that the screen cloth 210 is close to tup 214 is equipped with sealing washer 222, sealing washer 222 and separator box 21 fixed connection, the one end that the screen cloth 210 is close to pivot 25 is corresponding with RDF groove 217, the middle part of screen cloth 210 is corresponding with organic matter groove 216, sets up sealing washer 222 and can avoid the material to be smashed the back and directly fall into organic matter groove 216 in, the one end that screen cloth 210 is close to pivot 25 is corresponding with RDF groove 217, the middle part of screen cloth 210 is corresponding with organic matter groove 216, tup 214 is the T font, tup 214 has two sets ofly, two sets up tup 214 symmetry is fixed in the both sides of fixed axle 211.
Optionally, the conduction pipe 221 is a metal pipe, an electromagnetic valve is installed in the middle of the conduction pipe 221, the conduction pipe 221 is horizontally arranged with the rotating shaft 25, and the conduction pipe 221 is rotatably connected with the water inlet pipe 28 through a sealing bearing, so that the rotating shaft 25 does not affect the normal water conveying work of the conduction pipe 221 during rotation.
Optionally, the driving device 225 includes a motor control cabinet, a variable frequency motor 24 and a motor support 22, the motor control cabinet is electrically connected to the variable frequency motor 24, the variable frequency motor 24 is fixedly connected to the motor support 22, and a shaft of the variable frequency motor 24 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 212 through a coupling 213.
Optionally, the rotating shaft 25 and the separating box 21 are arranged in parallel, and an angle between the rotating shaft 25 and the fixed shaft 211 is 165 degrees.
Specifically, the water content of the refined RDF is 13% -17%, the soil content is lower than 10%, the quality of the RDF is guaranteed, and subsequent resource conversion is facilitated.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: breaking the bag, namely breaking the mixed domestic garbage; RDF extraction, the undersize thing after single-stage screening is extracted to RDF through RDF extractor, get wet RDF floccule and slurry material that the particle size is less than 20mm and contains perishable organic matter, silt, inorganic matter granule and water, with RDF (plastic film, fabric, packing material, paper, rubber, etc.) and can't break by the impact force only, strike perishable organic matter, glass, stone, cement block, etc. under the impact force, under the assistance of water, rely on the centrifugal force to realize the extraction of RDF; crushing, namely crushing oversize products which are obtained after single-stage screening and are larger than 80 mm; performing multi-stage RDF cleaning, namely performing multi-stage cleaning on wet RDF floccules obtained after RDF extraction and crushed oversize materials larger than 80mm by using RDF cleaning equipment to obtain dehydrated RDF crude products and RDF cleaning slurry; performing air separation on the RDF, namely performing air separation on the crude RDF obtained after multistage cleaning to obtain refined RDF and metal; adjusting the solid content of the slurry containing perishable organic matters, mixing the slurry obtained after RDF extraction with the RDF cleaning slurry obtained after multistage cleaning and a circulating cleaning solution, and adding circulating cleaning water to adjust the solid content if necessary to obtain mixed slurry; performing jigging separation on the slurry, namely performing jigging separation on the adjusted mixed slurry through a jigger, separating inorganic matters, finely crushing RDF light floats to obtain slurry containing perishable organic matter fine crushed matters in the middle, and performing filter pressing on the slurry containing perishable organic matter fine crushed matters in the middle to obtain perishable organic matter cakes and filtrate; the aim of controlling the content of heavy metal in the perishable organic matters can be achieved by monitoring the concentration of the heavy metal in the process water of the slurry filter pressing, so that the quality of the perishable organic matters can be controlled; treating the filtrate, namely performing advanced oxidation treatment on the filtrate obtained after filter pressing to obtain recyclable circulating washing liquor; and (3) washing and dehydrating the RDF, washing and dehydrating the fine-crushed RDF light floats obtained after separation to obtain refined RDF, and mixing the residual slurry into the mixed slurry to realize recycling.
The RDF cleaning equipment 1 works according to the following principle: putting wet RDF floccules obtained after RDF extraction and oversize materials which are crushed in the step (d) and are larger than 80mm into the RDF cleaning equipment 1 from the feed inlet 4, and pushing the materials to rotate at high speed and move axially under the action of a main shaft 9 and blades 14 in the RDF cleaning equipment 1; water is sprayed in the process of material movement through the hollow main shaft 9 and the water outlet holes 15 on the main shaft, so that the materials are kept in an easily separated state; by utilizing the high-speed rotation of the materials, water, perishable organic matters and solid impurities attached to the RDF are thrown out of the sieve barrel 16 at a high speed under the action of centrifugal force, wherein the solid impurities comprise glass, ceramics, cement and the like, and the RDF is centrifugally dewatered in the process; the RDF can be discharged from a discharge end 5 at the tail end of the RDF cleaning equipment 1 and is conveyed into the next RDF cleaning equipment 2 through a conveying belt 3, the RDF cleaning equipment 1 and the RDF cleaning equipment 2 have the same structure and are further cleaned and separated to realize multi-stage cleaning, the rotation speed of the RDF cleaning equipment 1 is 800-.
The RDF extraction device 18 works on the principle: the undersize materials with the diameter less than 80mm are thrown into the separation box 21 from the feeding port 215, the undersize materials with the diameter less than 80mm fall into the crushing mechanism 223, the variable frequency motor 24 is started, the variable frequency motor 24 drives the transmission shaft 212 to rotate through the coupler 213, the transmission shaft 212 drives the hammer 214 to rotate through the fixed shaft 211, the undersize materials with the diameter less than 80mm are crushed under the action of the hammer 214, perishable organic matters and inert substances in the garbage are crushed into fine crushed materials, the fixed shaft 211 drives the spiral blade 26 to rotate through the rotating shaft 25 under the action of the variable frequency motor 24, the spiral blade 26 drives the garbage to enter the screen mesh 210, the fine crushed materials containing perishable organic matters and difficult rotten organic matters are separated under the action of high-speed rotation of the screen mesh 210 and the spiral blade 26, the water suction pump 219 is started, the water pump 219 sucks water into a water source through the water inlet pipe 220, water enters the water inlet pipe 28 in the rotating shaft 25 through the conduction pipe 221, and then enters the spiral blade 26 and is sprayed out through the water outlet 27 on the surface of the spiral blade 26, the sprayed water helps to quickly separate organic matter slurry and soil adhered to soft and corrosion-resistant organic matters, perishable organic matter slurry and broken inorganic matter particles fall into the organic matter groove 216 after passing through the screen 210, the corrosion-resistant organic matters and part of larger inert substances are discharged from a discharge port at the tail end of the screen 210 under the pushing of the spiral blade 26 and then fall into the RDF discharging system 217, and finally, separation of the corrosion-resistant organic matters and the corrosion-resistant organic matters is realized, so that wet RDF floccule is obtained.
Claims (7)
1. A process method for finely classifying, sorting and pretreating household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) breaking the bag, namely breaking the domestic garbage;
(b) single-stage screening, namely screening the household garbage broken in the step (a) into oversize products larger than 80mm and undersize products smaller than 80mm by using a 80mm rotary screen;
(c) RDF extraction, namely extracting the RDF from the undersize product with the particle size less than 80mm obtained in the step (b) by using RDF extraction equipment to obtain wet RDF floccule and slurry with the particle size less than 20mm and containing perishable organic matters, silt, inorganic matter particles and water;
(d) crushing, namely crushing oversize products which are obtained after screening in the step (b) and are larger than 80 mm;
(e) performing multi-stage RDF cleaning, namely performing multi-stage cleaning on wet RDF floccules obtained after the RDF is extracted in the step (c) and oversize products which are crushed in the step (d) and are larger than 80mm by using RDF cleaning equipment to obtain dehydrated RDF crude products and RDF cleaning slurry;
(f) performing air separation on the RDF, namely cleaning and dehydrating in the step (e) to obtain an RDF crude product, and performing air separation to obtain refined RDF and metal;
(g) adjusting the solid content of the slurry containing the perishable organic matters, and mixing the slurry extracted in the step (c) with the RDF cleaning slurry and the circulating washing liquid subjected to the multi-stage cleaning in the step (e) to obtain mixed slurry;
(h) performing jigging separation on the slurry, namely performing jigging separation on the mixed slurry adjusted in the step (g) through a jigger, separating inorganic matters, and separating fine RDF light floats to obtain the slurry containing perishable organic matter fine crushed matters in the middle;
(i) performing pressure filtration on the slurry, namely putting the slurry containing the perishable organic matter fine particles in the middle obtained in the step (h) into a pressure filter for pressure filtration to obtain perishable organic matter cakes and filtrate;
(j) (ii) filtrate treatment, namely (i) performing advanced oxidation treatment on the filtrate obtained after filter pressing in the step (i) to obtain recyclable circulating washing liquor;
(k) washing and dehydrating RDF, and washing and dehydrating the fine RDF light floats obtained after separation in the step (h) to obtain refined RDF;
the circulating washing liquid obtained after the filtrate in the step (j) is treated enters the step (g) and the step (c) for recycling;
the RDF extraction equipment (18) comprises a separation box (21), a feeding port (215) is formed in one end of the top of the separation box (21), an organic matter groove (216) is formed in the middle of the bottom end of the separation box (21), an RDF groove (217) is formed in one end of the bottom of the separation box (21), discharge ports (218) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the organic matter groove (216) and the RDF groove (217), a crushing mechanism (223) and a separation extraction mechanism (224) are arranged inside the separation box (21), the crushing mechanism (223) corresponds to the feeding port (215), the separation extraction mechanism (224) corresponds to the organic matter groove (216), the crushing mechanism (223) comprises a fixed shaft (211), a transmission shaft (212) and a hammer (214), the hammer (214) is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the fixed shaft (211), and the transmission shaft (211) is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft (212), the separation device is characterized in that one end, far away from the fixed shaft (211), of the transmission shaft (212) penetrates through the separation box (21) and is connected with a driving device (225), the separation and extraction mechanism (224) comprises a rotating shaft (25), a spiral blade (26) and a screen (210), the screen (210) is sleeved on the outer side of the spiral blade (26), a supporting rod (29) is fixedly connected to the circumferential direction of the spiral blade (26), one end, far away from the spiral blade (26), of the supporting rod (29) is fixedly connected with the screen (210), the spiral blade (26) and the rotating shaft (25) are integrated, the interior of the spiral blade (26) is hollow, a water outlet (27) is formed in the surface of the spiral blade (26), a water inlet pipeline (28) is formed in the rotating shaft (25), one end of the spiral blade (26) is fixedly connected with the fixed shaft (211), one end of the rotating shaft (25) penetrates through the separation box (21) and is rotatably connected with a shaft base (23), one side of the shaft support (23) is provided with a water supply mechanism (226), the water supply mechanism (226) comprises a water suction pump (219), a water inlet pipe (220) and a conduction pipe (221), the input end of the water suction pump (219) is fixedly connected with the water inlet pipe (220), the output end of the water suction pump (219) is fixedly connected with the conduction pipe (221), the water inlet pipeline (28) is communicated with the inside of the helical blade (26), the conduction pipe (221) is communicated with the water inlet pipeline (28), the screen (210) is cylindrical, meshes on the surface of the screen (210) are square or circular, one end of the screen (210) close to the hammer head (214) is provided with a sealing ring (222), the sealing ring (222) is fixedly connected with the separation box (21), one end of the screen (210) close to the rotating shaft (25) corresponds to the RDF groove (217), and the middle of the screen (210) corresponds to the organic matter groove (216), the two groups of hammers (214) are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the fixed shaft (211).
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the bag breaking rate of step (a) is higher than 95%, and the size of the mixed household garbage subjected to bag breaking treatment is more than 90% and less than 200 mm.
3. The process method for the fine classification, separation and pretreatment of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the perishable organic cake is 50-60%.
4. The process method for the fine classification, sorting and pretreatment of the household garbage is characterized in that the RDF cleaning equipment (1) is composed of a support frame (6) and a shell (11), the support frame (6) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shell (11), the left side of the top of the shell (11) is fixedly connected with a feeding hole (4), and the right end of the bottom of the shell (11) is provided with a discharging end (5); a motor (7) is arranged on the outer side of the shell (11), the motor (7) is fixedly arranged on the support frame (6), and a central shaft (10) is movably arranged in the middle of the left side of the shell (11); the output end of the motor (7) is in belt transmission connection with the central shaft (10); a main shaft (9) is movably arranged in the middle of the inside of the shell (11), the left end of the main shaft (9) is fixedly connected with a central shaft (10), the right end of the main shaft (9) penetrates through the right side wall of the shell (11), the right end of the main shaft (9) is fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe (13), a plurality of water outlet holes (15) are formed in the main shaft (9), a plurality of blades (14) which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the main shaft (9), a sieve barrel (16) is sleeved on the outer side of the main shaft (9), the inner side wall of the shell (11) is fixedly connected with the end face of the sieve barrel (16), the top wall of the sieve barrel (16) is provided with a blanking port which is arranged corresponding to the feeding port (4), the outer side of the screen barrel (16) is fixedly provided with fixing blocks (17) which are arranged in a circumferential array, and the middle of the bottom of the shell (11) is fixedly provided with a funnel (12).
5. The process method for the fine classification and sorting pretreatment of the household garbage according to claim 4, which is characterized in that:
the main shaft (9) is hollow;
the water outlet holes (15) are uniformly distributed.
6. The process method for the fine classification and sorting pretreatment of the household garbage according to claim 4, which is characterized in that:
the blades (14) are inclined;
the screen barrel (16) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell (11) through a fixing block (17).
7. The process method for the fine classification, sorting and pretreatment of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the refined RDF is 13% -17%, and the soil content is lower than 10%.
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