CN110575186A - Training system and method based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function - Google Patents
Training system and method based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a training system and a training method based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function. The consistent motion detection module is used for performing consistent motion training on the user and recording the step turning rate; the visual search module is used for carrying out visual search capability training on the user; and the visual tracking module is used for training the time tracking capability of the user. The invention is used for training a plurality of cognitive processing processes responsible for the visual macro-cell-dorsal pathway, and improves various abilities of the visual macro-cell-dorsal pathway, thereby improving the language cognitive ability of the visual macro-cell-dorsal pathway. The training system can also effectively avoid the influence of the character difference between Chinese and Western alphabetic writing languages on the training effect, can directly compare the training effects under different language conditions, and is beneficial to determining the cause of reading disorder.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of cognitive function training, in particular to a training system and method based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function.
background
language is a major tool for communication and learning, and the individual's language ability, especially reading ability, has become a fundamental ability for human survival. However, some children have the problems of inaccurate word recognition, poor fluency, and low spelling and decoding abilities when the intelligence is normal and the same education chance is obtained, and the reading level is significantly lower than that of the children of the same age, and this special learning difficulty is called developmental reading disorder (DD). The incidence of developmental reading disorder varies from language-to-text system, typically 5-18% abroad (Snowling, 2000). The incidence rates of Chinese developmental reading disorder determined according to different screening methods in China are 4.55% and 7.96% respectively (Zhang Chenfen et al, 1996). Studies have shown that reading disorders can have a wide range of negative effects on individuals, and children who experience reading failures often have behavioral, social, academic and psychological problems that can seriously hinder normal development of all aspects of the ability of the child. Therefore, there is an urgency and necessity to improve the reading level and language recognition skills of the developing reading disorder people (such as children) and restore them to normal learning and living states.
One view is that reading disorders are caused by linguistic cognitive deficits, among which defects in speech characterization, storage, and extraction are the core deficits of developmental reading disorders (Bradley & Bryant, 1978). In language processing, it is related to early visual processing in addition to the language layers of orthography, speech, and semantics. Visual information such as characters, vocabularies, sections and the like is transmitted to a visual cortex processing area through a subcutaneous visual processing passage and then projected to a high-level language processing cortex to finish further voice and semantic representation. Thus, some researchers believe that speech processing deficits in dyslexia are actually caused by more fundamental visual impairment or developmental delay, and that cognitive deficits are not limited to the linguistic level (Ramus, 2003).
the human visual system can be divided into two pathways: a large cell (magnocellular) pathway and a small cell (paracellular) pathway. The large cell pathway begins with M-type ganglion cells distributed in the periphery of the retina, which, after receiving visual inputs, conduct information through the optic nerve bundle to the large cell layer of the lateral geniculate body, and these visual inputs are then projected into the primary visual cortex and further up the visual dorsal pathway to the visual motor zone (MT zone), the Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC), the anterior frontal fossa (orbit), etc. (Baret al, 2006). The small cell pathway primarily transmits visual input received near the fovea, to the small cell layer of the lateral geniculate body, and then along the ventral visual pathway to the V2, V4 visual cortex, temporal gyrus, etc. of the cerebral cortex (Kaplan, 2008). The large and small cell pathways in the cortical layer correspond primarily to the dorsal and ventral pathways and are therefore collectively referred to by researchers as the large cell-dorsal and small cell-ventral pathways. Currently, numerous studies have found that large cell-dorsal pathway function is closely related to language function (Stein,2003), and large cell-dorsal pathway impairment is also thought to be responsible for the cognitive deficits that lead to progressive dyslexia (Livingstone, Rosen, driselabra, 1991).
The large cell-dorsal pathway is mainly involved in cognitive processing processes such as object positioning, visual motor processing, eye movement control, and visual space attention. A number of studies have found that developing reading disorder people (such as children) have deficiencies in the functions of visual motor processing and visual space attention. In western alphabetic writing countries, training researches based on the function of the large cell-dorsal pathway have been partially carried out, and the effectiveness of training contents such as consistent movement detection and visual search on the improvement of the function of the large cell-dorsal pathway and language skills of normal readers and reading-disorder persons is explored, so that the western alphabetic writing countries have an important role in improving the language ability development of the reading-disorder persons (such as children). Because of the huge difference between the languages of Chinese and Pinyin characters, the method using language skills such as pronunciation, orthography and semantics of Pinyin characters as training contents cannot be directly applied or simply deduced to the people with Chinese developmental reading disorder (such as children).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions. The invention provides a training system based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function, which comprises a consistent motion detection module, a visual search module and a visual tracking module, wherein the consistent motion detection module is used for performing consistent motion training on a user and recording a step turning ratio; the visual search module is used for carrying out visual search capability training on a user; and the visual tracking module is used for training the time tracking capability of the user.
Preferably, the consistent motion detection module presents two rectangular dot matrixes to a user, all points in one dot matrix move randomly, and consistent motion points exist in the other dot matrix; the consistent motion detection module can receive information which is input by a user and indicates that the consistent motion points exist, judge whether the user operation is correct, and if the judgment is correct, reduce the number of the consistent motion points; if the judgment is wrong, the number of the consistent motion points is increased; the consistent motion detection module can record the number of consistent motion points and the percentage of the number of the points when the user judges that the error exists.
Preferably, the visual search unit presents the user with numbers randomly arranged in position and records the time when the user circles each number in turn by number size.
Preferably, the visual tracking module comprises a visual dynamic tracking unit, a visual line tracking unit and a visual maze tracking unit, wherein the visual dynamic tracking unit is used for presenting an object to a user, and the object moves along a curve with a plurality of turns; the visual dynamic tracking unit can receive the position information of the object input by the user, judge whether the stop position of the object corresponds to the position information input by the user or not and record the correct times input by the user; the visual line tracking unit is used for presenting a plurality of groups of randomly generated objects connected through complex curves to a user; the visual line tracking unit can receive object connection information input by a user, judge whether the object connection information is correct and record the times of the object connection information input by the user being correct; the visual maze tracking unit is used for presenting a randomly generated maze with unique inlets and outlets and unique unreturned correct routes from the inlets to the outlets to a user; the visual maze tracking unit can receive route information input by a user, judge whether the route is correct and record the times of the user correctly walking out of the maze.
preferably, the system further comprises a testing subsystem, wherein the testing subsystem comprises the consistent motion detection module, a voice consciousness module and a digital quick naming module, and the voice consciousness module is used for judging the processing capacity of the user on the Chinese character pronunciation; and the rapid number naming module is used for detecting the naming capability of the user for the numbers.
Preferably, the speech awareness module is capable of sending a title of the pronunciation of the character to the user, wherein the title includes 3 Chinese characters, and the user is required to select the pronunciation of the character different from the other two characters in terms of initial consonant, final or tone; the voice awareness module receives user answers and judges whether the user answers the answers or not and scores the scores.
Preferably, the number rapid naming module is configured to display an array including a plurality of arabic numerals to a user, and the number rapid naming module receives a pronunciation of the arabic numerals read by the user from left to right, records time, and converts the time into a number naming speed.
The invention also provides a method for utilizing the training system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the consistent motion detection module is used for carrying out consistent motion training on the user, the training is stopped after the step changes for m times, and the consistent motion detection module takes the average value of the step turning ratios of the step turning points of the last n times as a threshold estimation value to represent the proportion of the consistent motion points which can be judged by the user in the dot matrix; wherein m > n;
S2: the visual search module is used for training the visual search ability of the user; wherein, a plurality of numbers 0-9 with randomly arranged positions are presented to a user, and the circled information input by the user is received and the time for circling each number is recorded;
S3: and training the time tracking capability of the user through a visual tracking module.
Preferably, testing is performed by the testing subsystem before and after training.
The invention has the advantages that the visual macro-cell-dorsal pathway function training is carried out on Chinese developmental reading disorder persons (such as children) by units of consistent motion detection, visual search and the like, the influence of character difference of Chinese and Western alphabetic writing languages on the training effect is effectively avoided, the training effect aiming at the Chinese developmental reading disorder persons (such as children) can be directly compared with the same training effect under the alphabetic writing languages, and the generation reason of the reading disorder is favorably determined. The training system can effectively avoid the influence of character difference on the training effect by improving the basic visual processing capability instead of the visual processing capability of specific characters, and has important significance for promoting the language capability development of the developing reading handicapped people (such as children) in China.
the training method has the advantages of rich and various training items, vivid and interesting training modes, simple and understandable operation, and better contribution to the understanding and operation of developmental reading handicapped persons (such as children) compared with the training mode using text materials, and is favorable for improving the acceptance degree of the training items.
the training project material is generated by using computer software, the difficulty of the project can be directly changed by changing parameters such as the turning quantity of the curve, and the like, and the training project material can be widely applied to reading disorder training of different reading levels and has strong practicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of a training system based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a consistent motion detection module material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of speech awareness modules according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a numerical quick naming module material diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a visual search element material according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a visual dynamic tracking unit material according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a visual line tracking unit material according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a visual maze tracking unit material in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, a technical solution in an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
the invention provides a training system based on a visual macro cell-dorsal pathway function, which is used for training a plurality of cognitive processing processes responsible for the visual macro cell-dorsal pathway, improving various abilities of the visual macro cell-dorsal pathway and further improving the language cognitive ability of a user. As shown in fig. 1, the training system includes a consistent motion detection module, a visual search module, and a visual tracking module.
the consistency motion detection module is used for performing consistency motion training on a user, recording the step turning rate, and training and testing the visual motion processing capability in the visual large cell-dorsal pathway function of the user. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the coincidence motion detection module displays two rectangular dot matrices, such as 9 by 11 dot matrices, on the display, the two dot matrices being spaced 5 apart. The dots move at a certain speed, for example, the moving speed is 7 °/s, all the dots in one dot matrix move completely randomly, a certain proportion of the dots in the other dot matrix move horizontally to the left or right (these are called as consistent moving dots), and the rest of the dots move completely randomly. After a certain time, for example 2500 ms, the detection is started, i.e. the user key information is received. The eyes of the user can be far from the screen by 50 cm, and the user can judge which one of the left dot matrix and the right dot matrix has the point of consistent motion, and the dot matrix appearing on the left side presses the left key, and the dot matrix appearing on the right side presses the right key. After the consistent motion detection module receives the key information, judging whether the user operation is correct or not, and if so, reducing the number of consistent motion points by 1%; if the judgment is wrong, the number of the consistent movement points is increased by 1%.
The step reduction of the number of the consistent motion points is called step turning point when the number of the points is increased due to the judgment error, and the consistent motion detection module calculates the percentage of the number of the consistent motion points in the total amount at the moment and is called step turning ratio. In one embodiment, the detection is stopped after m (e.g. 10) step changes, and the consistent motion detection module takes the average value of the step turning ratios of the last n (e.g. 6) step turning points as a threshold estimation value (where m > n), which represents the proportion of the consistent motion points that can be judged by the user in the dot matrix. The experiment can be performed several times, and the average value is the final consistency exercise threshold limit which is used for representing the visual processing ability of the testers, and the lower the value, the better the value.
The visual search unit is used for training the visual search ability of the user and training the eye movement and the positioning ability. Specifically, the visual search unit presents the user with a number of randomly arranged digits (e.g., 0-9) in several locations (e.g., 100), as shown in FIG. 3. When in use, the user is required to rapidly and accurately circle all 0, 1, 2 and 3 … … 9 in sequence. And the visual search unit receives input information when the user identification circles the number, records time, and finally counts the time of each circled number. A shorter time indicates a stronger visual search capability for the user. The sheets may be randomly arranged in a 10 × 10 pattern on a4 paper, and the user may circle 0, 1, and 2 … … 9 in this order.
The visual search module is different from visual search tasks of searching single numbers, such as scratch test and the like, and can search a plurality of targets within one training time, so that the utilization rate is improved;
The visual tracking module is used for training time tracking capacity of a user, training visual space attention capacity, and comprises a visual dynamic tracking unit, a visual line tracking unit and a visual maze tracking unit, and the visual motion processing and visual space attention of visual large cell-back side access functions and other fields are respectively systematically trained, so that the visual large cell-back side access functions of the user are improved, the transmission of visual information on a visual cortex is promoted, and the visual information is rapidly and accurately projected to the high-level language processing cortex to complete language processing. Compared with the prior art that only static units are tracked, the visual tracking module comprises the tracking of static and dynamic targets, and meanwhile, the interestingness is increased by changing the type of the tracked target.
(1) visual dynamic tracking unit: and presenting an object to the user, wherein the object moves along a curve with a plurality of turns, receiving position information input by the user when the object stops, judging whether the stop position of the object corresponds to the position information input by the user, and recording the correct times.
As shown in fig. 4, the moving monkey can sequentially pass through the banana position to reach the final position, and requires the user to watch the movement track of the monkey and input the final stop position of the monkey. After the staying position is input, the visual dynamic tracking unit can judge the correctness of the user, and correct times are recorded after multiple tests.
(2) Visual line tracking unit: randomly generating a plurality of groups of objects connected through complex curves, dividing the objects into an upper part and a lower part, and generating the objects through matlab software as shown in fig. 5; the user's gaze follows the curve and inputs object information having a connection relationship. And the visual line tracking unit judges whether the connection relation is correct or not after receiving the user information and records the times of the correct connection relation input by the user. The more times, the stronger the visual line tracing ability of the user.
(3) Visual maze tracking unit: a maze with unique entries and exits and with unique non-returning correct paths from entry to exit is randomly generated by, for example, Amaze software, as shown in fig. 6. The visual maze tracking unit receives the route information input by the user and judges whether the route is correct or not. A plurality of labyrinths are generated during each training, and the times of correctly walking out of the maze by the user are recorded by the visual maze tracking unit. The more times, the stronger the user visual maze tracking ability.
The training system also comprises a testing subsystem used for judging the visual movement and language function capability of the user, and comprises a consistent movement detection module, a voice consciousness module and a rapid number naming module. Through the detection of the 3 units, the basic visual function and language function damage condition of the user can be timely and effectively judged, and the cognitive function state of the user can be rapidly known. The test subsystem can also carry out tests before and after the user trains so as to know the training effect.
Wherein the consistent motion detection module is the same as the consistent motion detection module described above.
the voice consciousness module is used for judging the processing capacity of a user on the character voice of the Chinese character, and compared with the existing phoneme deleting and phonetic notation tasks, the voice consciousness module is beneficial to simultaneously exploring the auditory processing and voice distinguishing capacity and simultaneously can independently explore the processing consciousness of initials, finals and tones. The voice consciousness module adopts word sounds familiar to a user, word sound questions can be sent to the user through an earphone and the like and are divided into initial consonant consciousness questions, final consciousness questions and tone consciousness questions (shown in figure 7), each question comprises 3 Chinese characters, and the user is required to select one word sound different from the other two words in initial consonants, final sounds or tones. The voice consciousness module receives the user answers and scores, and the answers mark 1 score for one question.
For example, the user would hear the tone awareness question/wo 3/,/ke 3/,/zhu 1/, in turn, wherein the third word tone is one and the remaining two are three, so the answer to this example question is 3.
the quick number naming module is used to detect the ability of the user to name numbers quickly and accurately, and displays an array of 6 rows by 5 columns containing 2, 9, 6, 4, 7 (randomly selected) five arabic numbers to the user, as shown in fig. 8. In use, the user reads the numbers from left to right row by row, and the number rapid naming module receives the user's pronunciation, records the time and converts the time into a number naming speed (one/second). Likewise, multiple tests may be performed and then the average taken as the numerical naming speed. The numerical naming speed may be used to predict the reading ability of the user.
The invention also provides a method for utilizing the training system, which comprises the following steps:
S1: the consistent motion detection module is used for carrying out consistent motion training on the user, the training is stopped after the step changes for m times, and the consistent motion detection module takes the average value of the step turning ratios of the step turning points of the last n times as a threshold estimation value to represent the proportion of the consistent motion points which can be judged by the user in the dot matrix; wherein m > n;
S2: the visual search module is used for training the visual search ability of the user; wherein, a plurality of numbers with randomly arranged positions are presented to a user, and the time for the user to circle each number is recorded;
S3: and training the time tracking capability of the user through a visual tracking module.
Before and after training, the test subsystem can be used for testing, and the two test results are compared to determine the improvement degree of the visual large cell-dorsal pathway function and the language function of the user.
In one embodiment, a person with Chinese language reading disorder (such as children) performs training for 2 times per week, each training time is 1 hour, and after training for 5 weeks, test indexes such as consistent movement detection, voice consciousness and naming speed of the person are positively changed; the consistent movement detection capability, the voice consciousness and the rapid numerical naming capability of the training system are improved, so that the training system provided by the invention can be applied to Chinese developmental reading handicapped persons (such as children) to improve the performance of the training system in the aspects of visual large cell-dorsal pathway function and language function. And compared with the Chinese developmental reading disorder patients (such as children) who do not participate in training, the test performance of the children who participate in training is obviously better than that of the children who do not participate in training.
The training system can also effectively avoid the influence of the character difference between Chinese and Western alphabetic writing languages on the training effect, can directly compare the training effects under different language conditions, and is beneficial to determining the cause of reading disorder.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (9)
1. A training system based on visual large cell-dorsal pathway function comprises a consistent motion detection module, a visual search module and a visual tracking module, wherein,
The consistent motion detection module is used for performing consistent motion training on a user and recording the step turning rate;
The visual search module is used for carrying out visual search capability training on a user;
And the visual tracking module is used for training the time tracking capability of the user.
2. The training system of claim 1, wherein the consistent motion detection module presents two rectangular lattices to the user, all points in one lattice moving randomly and consistent motion points in the other lattice; the consistent motion detection module can receive information which is input by a user and indicates that the consistent motion points exist, judge whether the user operation is correct, and if the judgment is correct, reduce the number of the consistent motion points; if the judgment is wrong, the number of the consistent motion points is increased; the consistent motion detection module can record the number of consistent motion points and the percentage of the number of the points when the user judges that the error exists.
3. the training system of claim 1, wherein the visual search unit presents the user with randomly positioned digits, receives user input information and records the time at which the user circles each digit in turn by digit size.
4. Training system according to claim 1, wherein the visual tracking module comprises a visual dynamic tracking unit, a visual line tracking unit and a visual maze tracking unit, wherein,
The visual dynamic tracking unit is used for presenting an object to a user, and the object moves along a curve with a plurality of turns; the visual dynamic tracking unit can receive the position information of the object input by the user, judge whether the stop position of the object corresponds to the position information input by the user or not and record the correct times input by the user;
The visual line tracking unit is used for presenting a plurality of groups of randomly generated objects connected through complex curves to a user; the visual line tracking unit can receive object connection information input by a user, judge whether the object connection information is correct and record the times of the object connection information input by the user being correct;
The visual maze tracking unit is used for presenting a randomly generated maze with unique inlets and outlets and unique unreturned correct routes from the inlets to the outlets to a user; the visual maze tracking unit can receive route information input by a user, judge whether the route is correct and record the times of the user correctly walking out of the maze.
5. the training system of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a testing subsystem comprising the consistent motion detection module, a speech awareness module, and a numerical fast naming module, wherein,
the voice consciousness module is used for judging the processing capacity of the user on the Chinese character pronunciation;
And the rapid number naming module is used for detecting the naming capability of the user for the numbers.
6. The training system of claim 5, wherein the speech awareness module is capable of sending a title of a letter sound to the user, the title comprising 3 Chinese characters from which the user is asked to select a letter sound different from the other two characters in initial consonants, vowels, or tones; the voice awareness module receives user answers and judges whether the user answers the answers or not and scores the scores.
7. The training system of claim 5, wherein the number rapid naming module is configured to display an array of a plurality of Arabic numerals to the user, the number rapid naming module receiving the pronunciation of the Arabic numerals read by the user from left to right, recording the time and translating the time into a number naming speed.
8. a method of using the training system of any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
S1: the consistent motion detection module is used for carrying out consistent motion training on the user, the training is stopped after the step changes for m times, and the consistent motion detection module takes the average value of the step turning ratios of the step turning points of the last n times as a threshold estimation value to represent the proportion of the consistent motion points which can be judged by the user in the dot matrix; wherein m > n;
S2: the visual search module is used for training the visual search ability of the user; wherein, a plurality of numbers with randomly arranged positions are presented to a user, and the time for the user to circle each number is recorded;
s3: and training the time tracking capability of the user through a visual tracking module.
9. The training method of claim 8, further comprising testing by the testing subsystem before and after training.
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| CN116936038A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 北京智精灵科技有限公司 | Visual search training improvement method and system for reading disorder |
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