CN110574862A - 一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉及其制备方法，该代餐粉的原料包括胚芽米、竹笋、薏仁、海带、发菜、分离乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、榛子仁、荞麦、魔芋、白芸豆提取物、膳食纤维、益生元和甜味剂；该代餐粉的制备方法包括对原料进行清洗、熟制、烘干、粉碎、过筛、混匀、灭菌、包装等步骤，即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，让8‑10岁的儿童和15‑17岁的青少年食用该代餐粉两个周期，青少年和儿童的平均体重均显著降低，体质指数减小，在试验期间每天监测受试人员的血压和血糖，发现受试人员的血压和血糖未出现大的波动，实验结果表明该代餐粉对于青少年和儿童具有很好的减肥效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域，具体是一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
21世纪以来，人们的物质生活水平有了极大的提高，大部分家庭都是独生子女，家长和长辈对孩子过分溺爱，孩子经常吃零食、偏食，有的家长担心孩子碰伤而减少孩子的体育活动，导致越来越多的儿童出现肥胖问题，青少年由于学业压力大、睡眠少于6h和其他心理因素，有些青少年会以贪食、暴饮暴食的方式来排解压力，导致青少年出现肥胖问题；中国内地大城市七至十八岁的儿童青少年中，一百个男生就有十二个超重、五个肥胖，一百个女生就有七个超重、三个肥胖，超重和肥胖的发生率近几年呈快速上升趋势，而学生体质呈下降趋势，青少年儿童肥胖率显著上升，也导致了一些慢性病发病率明显增高。
研究显示肥胖青少年儿童更容易患脂肪肝、高血压、冠心病等疾病，青少年儿童肥胖还会导致脂肪代谢异常、糖代谢异常，这也是青少年儿童糖尿病的早期表现，不仅如此青少年儿童肥胖的患病危险因素也会延续至成年期，这无疑会给他们将来的生活带去很大影响。
代餐，就其字面意思为取代部分或全部正餐的食物，一般代餐食品具有高纤维、低热量、易有持续饱腹感的特性，代餐减肥法是目前最安全最有效的减肥方法，代餐的种类主要有黑豆代餐粉、高蛋白代餐、水果代餐、蔬菜代餐和魔芋粉代餐等，这些代餐品成份比较单一，青少年儿童正处于生长发育阶段，它们无法满足青少年儿童每日所需营养成份。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉及其制备方法，以解决现有技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，该代餐粉包括以下重量份的原料：胚芽米10-20份、竹笋10-20份、薏仁15-20份、海带10-20份、发菜10-15份、分离乳清蛋白30-50份、大豆分离蛋白20-40份、榛子仁 10-30份、荞麦10-15份、魔芋10-20份、白芸豆提取物5-15份、膳食纤维10-15份、益生元10-20份和甜味剂5-10份。
作为优化，益生元选自低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚木糖、低聚乳果糖、低聚壳聚糖中的一种或多种；益生元，在代餐粉中添加益生元有利于调整青少年儿童肠道菌群环境，增加肠蠕动，减少便秘；预防肠道感染，抑制腹泻；促进钙的吸收利用，减少骨质疏松症的发病率；降低甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，减少动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病；缓解胰岛素拮抗，减少肥胖症和2型糖尿病。
作为优化，甜味剂选自山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇中的一种或多种；甜味剂提供的热量很低或根本没有，可供糖尿病人、肥胖病人和高血糖病人食用，将甜味剂加在代餐粉中，可使代餐粉具有适口的感觉。
作为优化，膳食纤维包括水溶性膳食纤维和非水溶性膳食纤维，水溶性膳食纤维选自聚葡萄糖、柚皮果胶、蓝莓果胶、菠萝果胶中的一种或多种，非水溶性膳食纤维选自芹菜纤维、高粱纤维、蚕豆纤维、大麦纤维中的一种或多种。水溶性纤维在胃肠道内和淀粉等碳水化合物交织在一起，并延缓淀粉等碳水化合物的吸收，可以起到降低餐后血糖的作用；非水溶性纤维促进胃肠道蠕动，加快食物通过胃肠道，减少吸收，另外非水溶性纤维在大肠中吸收水分软化大便，可以起到防治便秘的作用。
作为优化，水溶性膳食纤维与非水溶性膳食纤维重量份数之比为 7-6:3-4。
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)分别称取分离乳清蛋白30-50份、大豆分离蛋白20-40份、白芸豆提取物5-15份、膳食纤维10-15份、益生元10-20份和甜味剂5-10份，备用；
(2)精选胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦分别用去离子水清洗1-2遍、然后放入烘焙箱中熟制和烘干，烘焙温度为50-70℃，烘焙时间为5-8h；精选竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别用去离子水清洗2-4遍，用压力锅蒸熟，然后用烘箱进行烘干，烘箱的温度为60-80℃，烘干时间为3-5h；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的各原料分别用超微粉碎机进行粉碎，再分别经过120-150目的网筛进行过滤，分别称取胚芽米粉末10-20份、竹笋粉末10-20份、薏仁粉末15-20份、海带粉末10-20份、发菜粉末10-15份、榛子仁粉末10-30份、荞麦粉末10-15份、魔芋粉末10-20份，备用；120-150 目的网筛孔径大小为106-120μm，粉碎后的原料经过120-150目的网筛进行过滤，可以得到非常细的粉末；
(4)将步骤(1)中的各原料和步骤(3)中的各原料放入干混机中混合均匀，干混机的转速为1000-1500r/min，时间为10-15min，灭菌采用巴氏灭菌法，即将混合原料加热至68-70℃，并保持此温度30min以后急速冷却到4-5℃，包装采用真空包装，即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐产品；巴氏杀菌法中将混合原料加热至68-70℃并保持此温度30min，这样的处理可杀灭其中的致病性细菌和绝大多数非致病性细菌，混合原料加热后突然冷却到4-5℃，急剧的热与冷变化也可以促使细菌的死亡，达到很好的杀菌效果。
本发明中，分离乳清蛋白被称为蛋白之王，是从牛奶中提取的一种蛋白质，乳清蛋白属于优质的完全蛋白质，也是动物性蛋白，它含有人体必需的8种氨基酸，且配比合理，接近人体的需求比例，乳清蛋白较易被吸收消化，是青少年儿童生长发育、增强体质不可缺少的精华物质，乳清蛋白还可以保护心血管健康、促进钙质的吸收和骨骼的生长，进食乳清蛋白可以减少对食物的渴望和减低能量摄入，控制食欲，减少脂肪，改善身体比例。
大豆分离蛋白是植物性的完全蛋白质，在营养价值上，可与动物蛋白等同，是最具营养的植物蛋白质，从氨基酸需求量来看，大豆蛋白的必需氨基酸含量能够满足青少年儿童每日需求量，大豆蛋白具有高蛋白、低脂、低热量的特点，对于肥胖的青少年儿童而言，食用大豆蛋白不仅降低了胆固醇与饱和脂肪的摄入量，同时也达到了营养摄取的均衡，大豆蛋白能阻止尿钙损失，促进骨质健康，减少患骨质疏松的几率，大豆分离蛋白去除了大豆中原有的营养抑制因子胰蛋白酶抑制剂，不用担心消化不良、胃胀气等不适反应。
胚芽米中含有蛋白质、脂肪、糖分、食物纤维、钙、磷、铁、镁、维生素B1、维生素B2、泛酸、叶酸、维生素B6、维生素K、维生素L、维生素E、生物素、芋酸和肌醇等，胚芽米中的可溶性植物纤维，可促进肠道蠕动，加快排出废物，能够预防与改善肥胖，并且能够适当均衡地从胚芽米中摄取微量元素，为青少年儿童的生长发育补充所需的营养素。
竹笋富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、维生素 B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素C、维生素E、钙、磷、钠、镁、铁、锌、硒、铜、锰和钾，竹笋具有低脂肪、低糖、多纤维的特点，大量的纤维素，能促进肠道蠕动、去积食、防便秘，是肥胖者减肥的好食品，竹笋中植物蛋白、维生素及微量元素的含量均很高，有助于增强机体的免疫功能，提高防病抗病能力。
薏仁富含淀粉、蛋白质、多种维生素及人体所需的多种氨基酸，具有利水消肿、健脾去湿、舒筋除痹、清热排脓等功效。
榛子含脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物和膳食纤维，榛子具有补脾胃、益气力、明目的功效。
荞麦富含膳食纤维，荞麦纤维可促进肠道蠕动，软化宿便，预防便秘、结肠癌及直肠癌，可降低血液中的胆固醇、甘油三酯，预防肥胖，可减少糖类在肠道内的吸收，降低餐后血糖，可促进肠道有益菌增殖，提高人体吸收能力。
发菜具有理肠除垢、通便利尿和降血压的功效，发菜富含蛋白质、糖类、钙、铁、碘、藻胶和藻红元等营养成分，脂肪含量极少，故有山珍“瘦物”之称，发菜适宜高血压、肥胖症患者。
海带中含有大量的碘，碘可以促使甲状腺的机能提升，对于热量消耗及身体的新陈代谢相当有帮助，进而达到减重及控制体重的目的，海带中富含可溶性纤维，比一般纤维更容易消化吸收，帮助身体顺畅排便，海带中含有牛磺酸，牛磺酸对青少年儿童大脑发育和成长能起到十分重要的作用，海带中富含谷氨酸，其含量高出肝油30倍，可健脑补脑，有助于青少年儿童健康地发育成长。
白芸豆提取物中含有较高活性的α-淀粉酶抑制物质，该物质能阻断淀粉分解，减少葡萄糖吸收，从而起到降低餐后血糖升高、减少胰岛素分泌、降低脂肪合成等作用，可以有效配合糖尿病人和减肥者的饮食治疗，使他们饭吃饱、消除饥饿感，而餐后血糖不高，体重不增。
魔芋中含量最多的葡萄甘露聚糖具有强大的膨胀力，有超过任何一种植物胶的粘韧度，既可填充胃肠，消除饥饿感，又因所含热量微乎其微，故可控制体重，达到减肥健美的目的。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明所制备的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，一是其原料中的分离乳清蛋白和大豆分离蛋白分别为动物性完全蛋白和植物性完全蛋白，为青少年儿童生长发育、增强体质提供必需氨基酸，胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁、荞麦和发菜含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、多种维生素和矿物质，在为青少年儿童提供所需营养素的同时，又可以促进肠道蠕动、去积食、防便秘，能够预防和改善肥胖，海带中的碘可以促进青少年儿童体内的热量消耗及新陈代谢，有利于减肥和控制体重，海带中的牛磺酸能促进青少年儿童大脑发育，海带中的谷氨酸，可健脑补脑，有助于青少年儿童健康地发育成长，白芸豆提取物和魔芋都具有使人体消除饥饿感的作用，故可控制体重，达到减肥健美的目的，这些原料均可被人体直接食用，安全无毒副作用；二是生产成本低，制备方法简单，并且在制备过程中未添加色素、香精等食品添加剂，该代餐产品为适用于青少年儿童减肥的营养绿色健康食品；三是该代餐粉用温水冲服，有利于青少年儿童随时食用，有效预防和改善青少年儿童肥胖问题。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，该代餐粉包括以下重量份的原料：胚芽米10份、竹笋10份、薏仁15份、海带10份、发菜10份、分离乳清蛋白30份、大豆分离蛋白20份、榛子仁10份、荞麦10份、魔芋10份、白芸豆提取物5份、水溶性膳食纤维7份、非水溶性膳食纤维 3份、益生元10和甜味剂5份。
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)分别称取分离乳清蛋白30份、大豆分离蛋白20份、白芸豆提取物5份、水溶性膳食纤维7份、非水溶性膳食纤维3份、益生元10份和甜味剂5份，备用；
(2)精选胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦分别用去离子水清洗1遍，然后放入烘焙箱中进行熟制和烘干，烘焙温度为50℃，时间为8h；精选竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别用去离子水清洗2遍，用压力锅蒸熟，然后用烘箱进行烘干，烘箱的温度为60℃，烘干时间为5h；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的各原料分别用超微粉碎机进行粉碎，再分别经过120目的网筛进行过滤，分别称取胚芽米粉末10份、竹笋粉末10份、薏仁粉末15份、海带粉末10份、发菜粉末10份、榛子仁粉末10份、荞麦粉末10份和魔芋粉末10份，备用；
(4)将步骤(1)中的各原料和步骤(3)中的各原料放入干混机中混合均匀，干混机的转速为1000r/min，时间为15min，采用巴氏杀菌法进行灭菌，即将混合原料加热至68℃，并保持此温度30min以后急速冷却到4℃，真空包装即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐产品。
实施例2：
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，该代餐粉包括以下重量份的原料：胚芽米15份、竹笋15份、薏仁18份、海带15份、发菜13份、分离乳清蛋白40份、大豆分离蛋白30份、榛子仁20份、荞麦13份、魔芋15份、白芸豆提取物10份、水溶性膳食纤维7份、非水溶性膳食纤维 5份、益生元15份和甜味剂8份。
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)分别称取分离乳清蛋白40份、大豆分离蛋白30份、白芸豆提取物10份、水溶性膳食纤维7份、非水溶性膳食纤维5份、益生元15份和甜味剂8份，备用；
(2)精选胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦分别用去离子水清洗2遍，然后放入烘焙箱中进行熟制和烘干，烘焙温度为60℃，烘焙时间为7h；精选竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别用去离子水清洗3遍，用压力锅蒸熟，然后用烘箱进行烘干，烘箱的温度为70℃，烘干时间为4h；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的各原料分别用超微粉碎机进行粉碎，再分别经过140目的网筛进行过滤，分别称取胚芽米粉末15份、竹笋粉末15份、薏仁粉末18份、海带粉末15份、发菜粉末13份、榛子仁粉末20份、荞麦粉末13份和魔芋粉末15份，备用；
(4)将步骤(1)中的各原料和步骤(3)中的各原料放入干混机中混合均匀，干混机的转速为1300r/min，时间为13min，采用巴氏灭菌法进行灭菌，即将混合原料加热至68℃，并保持此温度30min以后急速冷却到4℃，真空包装即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐产品。
实施例3：
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，该代餐粉包括以下重量份的原料：胚芽米20份、竹笋20份、薏仁20份、海带20份、发菜15份、分离乳清蛋白50份、大豆分离蛋白40份、榛子仁30份、荞麦15份、魔芋20份、白芸豆提取物15份、水溶性膳食纤维9份、非水溶性膳食纤维 6份、益生元20份和甜味剂10份。
一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)分别称取分离乳清蛋白50份、大豆分离蛋白40份、白芸豆提取物15份、水溶性膳食纤维9份、非水溶性膳食纤维6份、益生元20份和甜味剂10份，备用；
(2)精选胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦用去离子水清洗1遍，然后放入烘焙箱中进行熟制和烘干，烘焙温度为70℃，烘焙时间为8h；精选竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别用去离子水清洗4遍，用压力锅蒸熟，然后用烘箱进行烘干，烘箱的温度为80℃，烘干时间为3h；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的各原料分别用超微粉碎机进行粉碎，再分别经过150目的网筛进行过滤，分别称取胚芽米粉末20份、竹笋粉末20份、薏仁粉末20份、海带粉末20份、发菜粉末15份、榛子仁粉末30份、荞麦粉末15份、魔芋粉末20份，备用；
(4)将步骤(1)中的各原料和步骤(3)中的各原料放入干混机中混合均匀，干混机的转速为1500r/min，时间为10min，采用巴氏灭菌法进行灭菌，即将混合原料加热至70℃，并保持此温度30min以后急速冷却到5℃，真空包装即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐产品。
实验例：
实验样品1-3：实施例1-3制备的适用于青少年儿童的的营养减肥代餐粉。
(1)实验对象：
以60名儿童志愿者为研究对象，他们的年龄在8-10岁之间，分为3 组，分别食用本发明实施例1-3制备的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉；以60名青少年志愿者为研究对象，他们的年龄在15-17岁之间，分为3组，分别食用本发明实施例1-3制备的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，所有受试者身体正常健康。
(2)实验方法：
在受试人员尚未食用代餐产品之前，对他们的体重和体脂比进行测量并记录，实验持续两个周期，每一个周期是30天，受试人员食用代餐产品第一周期和第二周期之后，分别对她们的体重和体脂比进行测定并记录，实验期间受试人员早晚餐食用代餐产品，午餐保持正常的饮食，试验品用量均为50g，用200ml温水冲服，实验结果见表1和表2。
表1儿童食用该代餐粉前后体重和体质指数的变化情况
表2青少年食用该代餐粉前后体重和体质指数的变化情况
(3)实验结果：
从表1和表2中可以看出，食用二个周期后，青少年和儿童的平均体重均显著降低，体质指数减小，达到了减肥的目的，在试验期间每天监测受试人员的血压和血糖，发现受试人员的血压和血糖未出现大的波动，实验结果表明食用本发明代餐粉可以降低体质指数，而且未对青少年儿童的身体产生副作用。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
Claims (9)
1.一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，其特征在于，该代餐粉包括以下重量份的原料：胚芽米10-20份、竹笋10-20份、薏仁15-20份、海带10-20份、发菜10-15份、分离乳清蛋白30-50份、大豆分离蛋白20-40份、榛子仁10-30份、荞麦10-15份、魔芋10-20份、白芸豆提取物5-15份、膳食纤维10-15份、益生元10-20份和甜味剂5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，其特征在于：所述益生元选自低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚木糖、低聚乳果糖、低聚壳聚糖中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，其特征在于：所述甜味剂选自山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，其特征在于：所述膳食纤维包括水溶性膳食纤维和非水溶性膳食纤维，所述水溶性膳食纤维选自聚葡萄糖、柚皮果胶、蓝莓果胶、菠萝果胶中的一种或多种，所述非水溶性膳食纤维选自芹菜纤维、高粱纤维、蚕豆纤维、大麦纤维中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉，其特征在于：所述水溶性膳食纤维与非水溶性膳食纤维重量份数之比为7-6:3-4。
6.一种根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法，其特征在于，该代餐粉的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将分离乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、白芸豆提取物、膳食纤维、益生元和甜味剂按配比分别称好，备用；
(2)精选胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁、荞麦、竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别清洗、熟制和烘干；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的各原料分别用超微粉碎机进行粉碎，再分别经过120-150目的网筛进行过滤，按配比分别称取各原料，备用；
(4)将步骤(1)中的各原料和步骤(3)中的各原料放入干混机中混合均匀，干混机的转速为1000-1500r/min，时间为10-15min，灭菌、包装即得适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦分别用去离子水清洗1-2遍，所述步骤(2)中竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋分别用去离子水清洗2-4遍。
8.根据权利要求7所述的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中胚芽米、薏仁、榛子仁和荞麦的熟制和烘干，采用低温烘焙技术进行熟制和烘干，烘焙温度为50-70℃，烘焙时间为5-8h，所述步骤(2)中竹笋、海带、发菜和魔芋采用压力锅蒸熟，然后用烘箱进行烘干，烘箱的温度为60-80℃，烘干时间为3-5h。
9.根据权利要求8所述的适用于青少年儿童的营养减肥代餐粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中灭菌采用巴氏灭菌法，即将混合原料加热至68-70℃，并保持此温度30min以后急速冷却到4-5℃，所述包装采用真空包装。
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| JP2023550574A (ja) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-12-04 | シー ジェイ ダブリュ コスメティック コーポレーション | タケノコ及び分離大豆タンパクを含む植物性プロテイン組成物及びそれを用いた餅の製造方法 |
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