CN110567428B - Frozen expansive soil body displacement detection device and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Frozen expansive soil body displacement detection device and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567428B CN110567428B CN201910862684.9A CN201910862684A CN110567428B CN 110567428 B CN110567428 B CN 110567428B CN 201910862684 A CN201910862684 A CN 201910862684A CN 110567428 B CN110567428 B CN 110567428B
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012424 Freeze-thaw process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a displacement detection device for a frost heaving soil body, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the stand, four horizontal support bodies, four vertical support bodies, eight displacement sensor, eight backup pads and top cap, the equipartition has linked firmly four horizontal support bodies on the stand, has all linked firmly displacement sensor at four horizontal support body's overhanging end, has all linked firmly vertical support body on four horizontal support body, has all linked firmly displacement sensor at the lower extreme of vertical support body, and displacement sensor's probe rod end has all linked firmly the support flat board. Its installing method is also disclosed. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high sensitivity and accurate measurement; the installation method is simple, time-saving and labor-saving, and has small error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and relates to a displacement detection device for a frost heaving soil body and an installation method thereof. The method is particularly suitable for field detection of frost heaving soil.
Background
Frozen soil refers to various soils and rocks containing ice below 0 ℃. Generally, it can be classified into short-term frozen soil (hours/days or more to half a month), seasonal frozen soil (half a month to months), and perennial frozen soil. Chinese frozen soil can be divided into perennial frozen soil and seasonal frozen soil. China is used as the third frozen soil area in the world, and the seasonal frozen soil occupies more than half of the territory area of China. Frozen earth is extremely temperature sensitive, contains abundant groundwater, and has rheological properties with long-term strength far lower than the instantaneous strength at low temperatures. Therefore, the engineering structures built in the frozen soil area must face two risks due to the freezing of the soil mass: frost heaving and thaw sinking. During the freeze-thaw process, the soil undergoes four stages: a rapid cooling stage, a slow cooling stage, a continuous freezing and cooling stage and a slow heating stage. In the frozen soil freezing process, the frost heaving amount of the soil body caused by the migration of water is far larger than the expansion amount caused by in-situ freezing of pore water, so that the frost heaving and thawing sinking of the frozen soil area can cause great damage to a structure, such as cracks, structural fracture, settlement, extrusion damage and the like. In many areas in the north, frost heaving of a soil body can generate frost heaving force on a supporting structure of a deep foundation pit, so that the deformation of the supporting structure of the foundation pit is overlarge, and the supporting engineering of the foundation pit is provided with considerable potential safety hazard. More and more infrastructures in China, such as expressways, high-speed rails, power transmission lines, various foundation pits and the like, are built in frozen soil areas, and before each project is built, corresponding frost heaviness evaluation must be carried out on soil bodies in the areas where the projects to be built are located, so that design and constructors can conveniently take corresponding measures, and the safety and the reliability of the project structures are ensured.
Particularly, a supporting structure in a cold area is very easily influenced by horizontal frost heaving force, the deformation of the supporting structure is easily caused by the excessive horizontal frost heaving force, cracks and dislocation of a supporting body occur, even the supporting structure is wholly toppled, and the safety and stability of the supporting engineering are seriously threatened, so that the research on the change rule of the horizontal frost heaving force of the supporting structure in the cold area has important significance. The intensity of the frost heaving force is closely related to the size of the frozen and expanded volume of the soil body, so that the frost heaving level of the soil body is evaluated by comprehensively measuring the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the frozen and expanded soil body, and corresponding soil body treatment measures are taken according to the evaluated result, which is very important for practical engineering.
Application publication No.: CN104880153A discloses the invention patent application of a device for measuring frost heaving displacement of frozen soil by a laser sensor, which proposes that the frost heaving displacement of frozen soil can be accurately measured by the laser displacement sensor under the condition of not contacting with a soil sample, the operation is simple and reliable, the test efficiency and precision of the test are greatly improved, but the application can only be applied to laboratory soil samples at present and can not be applied to construction sites; the application publication No. CN104929098A discloses a patent application of the invention of a method and a device for on-site observation of soil frost heaving of a high-speed railway in a seasonal frozen soil area, and provides that holes are dug in a frost heaving layer, a lower anchor plate is embedded, a measuring rod displacement meter and an upper anchor plate are connected by an equal-diameter joint, the upper anchor plate and the lower anchor plate are driven to move by the frost heaving deformation of the seasonal frost heaving layer, and the frost heaving amount of the seasonal frost heaving layer is observed by the measuring rod displacement meter. However, the patent can only detect the one-way displacement of soil expansion, and the measuring rod displacement meter and the upper and lower anchor disks can constrain the soil at the initial stage, if the frost heaving deformation is not obvious, the error will be larger; the application publication No. CN109738480A discloses an invention patent application of 'a frost heaving device for comprehensively detecting soil on site and a detection method thereof', and provides a method for detecting vertical displacement of the surface of a soil body by using an upright post with a base, a support body and a plurality of displacement sensors, and the method considers using non-contact eddy current displacement sensors and laser displacement sensors to avoid errors caused by contact with the soil body. The device's drawback is not considered the soil body surface and receives the influence of weather factor, for example wind and snow rainwater weather, and in actual operation, the soil body surface receives the disturbance easily, produces the error, needs to excavate the deep hole at the installation simultaneously, causes considerable disturbance to the soil body, measures probably to produce the error with the original state soil. The device can only detect the vertical expansion displacement of the soil body, and cannot detect the horizontal expansion displacement. The engineering of present many actual is more and more complicated, the requirement to the degree of becoming more meticulous of construction is also more and more high, many infrastructure processes have also proposed the requirement to the side direction frost heaving weight of the soil body, no longer satisfy only consider vertical frost heaving displacement, need the more comprehensive freezing inflation displacement of measuring the frost heaving soil body, measure the horizontal frost heaving displacement and the vertical frost heaving displacement of the soil body simultaneously, come the frost heaving of three-dimensional reflection soil body, simultaneously in field measurement's process, how avoid the environment as far as possible to cause the interference to the measuring result, prevent that uncontrollable factors such as weather from causing the influence to the soil body, and then influence the accuracy of result, not yet obtain ripe scheme and solve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for comprehensively detecting frost heaving displacement of frozen soil on site and an installation method thereof, which can realize the effect of simultaneously measuring horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of a soil body in the process of freezing expansion, provide reference for calculating the frost heaving rate and frost heaving strength of the frozen soil, avoid the influence of uncontrollable factors such as weather on the measured soil body as much as possible, reduce the disturbance of the installation of the device on the measured soil body and improve the accuracy of a measurement result.
In order to achieve the above purpose, one of the solutions adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a displacement detection device of frost heaving soil body, characterized by, it includes: the stand, four horizontal support bodies, four vertical support bodies, eight displacement sensor, eight backup pads and top cap, the equipartition has linked firmly four horizontal support bodies on the stand, has all linked firmly displacement sensor at four horizontal support body's overhanging end, has all linked firmly vertical support body on four horizontal support body, has all linked firmly displacement sensor at the lower extreme of vertical support body, and displacement sensor's probe rod end has all linked firmly the support flat board.
And an anchor cone is arranged at the bottom end of the upright post.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the second solution adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for installing a displacement detection device for a frost heaving soil body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) looking up geological data to obtain the depth of an unfrozen soil layer, arranging a square pit hole suitable for placing a displacement detection device of a frost heaving soil body in the frost layer, wherein the depth of the square pit hole is determined according to the frost layer, and the width of the square pit hole is determined according to the installation size of a displacement sensor, the diameter of an upright column and the length of a horizontal support body;
2) the upright post of the frozen soil displacement detection device is firmly fixed in the non-frozen soil layer at the bottom of the square pit hole through the anchor cone at the bottom end of the upright post; the support flat plates fixedly connected with the probe ends of the eight displacement sensors are in close contact with the corresponding surfaces of the square pot holes; the upper end surface of the upright post is 5-8 cm higher than the ground, a top cover is arranged on the ground positioned at the top of the square pit hole, and the upper end of the upright post is inserted and fixed in a middle circular groove of the top cover;
3) and the eight displacement sensors are connected with the background observation device through a connecting circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the comprehensive and flexible frost heaving deformation process detection applied to a construction site is realized through mutual matching among the upright columns, the supporting bodies and the displacement sensors, and frost heaving displacement values of the soil body in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be quickly and simultaneously obtained in a short time;
2. according to the invention, four displacement sensors are respectively arranged horizontally and vertically as monitoring control groups, and are fixedly connected with the support flat plate, so that the contact area between the support flat plate and the soil body is increased, the sensitivity is high, and the measurement is accurate;
3. the top cover is arranged at the top of the upright column, so that the square pit can be effectively sealed, and compared with an instrument for measuring frost heaving quantity on the surface of the ground, the instrument can effectively avoid the interference of external environment, such as soil change and errors caused by wind, rainfall and snowfall, and prevent sundries from entering a measuring area; the top cover with large mass can prevent the vertical column from being frozen and pulled to influence the precision of the displacement sensor in the vertical direction; the circular groove arranged at the top of the cover can limit the vertical column from moving horizontally to interfere the measurement effect;
4. the bottom end of the upright post adopts the anchor cone, so that the construction is convenient, the deep penetration into a soil layer is avoided, the large-scale excavation of a soil body is avoided, the structure of the soil body is disturbed, the upright post is anchored in a non-frozen soil layer through the design of the anchor cone, and the freezing and pulling of the upright post are prevented;
3 the invention has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, no need of digging deep pits, less disturbance to soil body, simple installation steps, time saving and labor saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a displacement detecting device for a frost heaving soil body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of B-B in FIG. 1.
In the figure: 1-upright column; 2-a horizontal support; 3-a vertical support; 4-a displacement sensor; 5-a support plate; 6-top cover; 7-frozen soil layer; 8-non-frozen soil layer; 9-square pot holes; 10-a circular groove; 11 anchor cone.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments shown in fig. 1-3.
The invention discloses a displacement detection device for a frost heaving soil body, which comprises an upright post 1, four horizontal support bodies 2, four vertical support bodies 3, eight displacement sensors 4, eight supporting plates 5 and a top cover 6, wherein the four horizontal support bodies 2 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the upright post 1, the displacement sensors 4 are fixedly connected to the extending ends of the four horizontal support bodies 2, the vertical support bodies 3 are fixedly connected to the four horizontal support bodies 2, the displacement sensors 4 are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the vertical support bodies 3, and the probe rod ends of the displacement sensors 4 are fixedly connected with supporting flat plates 5. The length of the upright column 1 is determined according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer 7, so that the length of the upright column 1 is larger than the thickness of the frozen soil layer 7. Stand 1 adopts the comparatively high steel pipe of intensity, and rust-resistant and smooth processing need be done on the surface, can adopt the stainless steel, and the bottom of stand 1 is anchor awl 11, can adopt the stainless steel. The upright column 1 is fixedly connected with the horizontal support body 2 by welding, and a hole is processed at the joint of the upright column 1 and the horizontal support body so that a line of the displacement sensor 5 can be collected to the upright column 1 through the support body 2. In a similar way, the vertical support body 3 and the horizontal support body 2 are fixedly connected by welding, and at the position where the vertical support body and the horizontal support body are fixedly connected, the hole is processed so that 5 lines of the displacement sensor can enter the horizontal support body 2 through the hole by the support body 3, and then the vertical column 1 is collected. The fixed connection mode of the displacement sensor 4, the horizontal support body 2 and the vertical support body 3 is selected according to the specific model of the displacement sensor, and a matched clamping groove, a threaded connection, a filling adhesive connection and the like are adopted. The support flat plate 5 is made of an aluminum alloy thin plate, the support flat plate 5 is fixedly connected with the displacement sensor 4, nuts can be arranged on the support flat plate 5 according to the type of a support rod of the sensor, and the head of the support rod is threaded in a threaded connection mode.
The invention discloses an installation method of a displacement detection device for a frost heaving soil body, which comprises the following steps:
1) looking up geological data to obtain the depth of an unfrozen soil layer, arranging a square pit hole 9 suitable for placing a displacement detection device of a frost heaving soil body in a frozen soil layer 7, wherein the depth of the square pit hole 9 is determined according to the frozen soil layer, and the width of the square pit hole 9 is determined according to the installation size of a displacement sensor 4, the diameter of an upright post 1 and the length of a horizontal support body 2; the depth of the square pothole 9 is 0.6-0.8 m, and the width is 0.6-0.8 m;
2) the displacement detection device for the frost heaving soil body is guaranteed: the upright post 1 is fixed in the unfrozen soil layer at the bottom of the square pit hole 9 through an anchor cone 11 at the bottom end of the upright post; the support flat plates 5 fixedly connected with the probe ends of the eight displacement sensors 4 are in close contact with the corresponding surfaces of the square pot holes 9; the upper end surface of an upright post 1 of the soil body displacement detection device is 5 cm higher than the ground, a top cover 6 is arranged on the ground positioned at the top of a square pit hole 9, and the upper end of the upright post 1 is fixedly inserted into a middle circular groove 10 of the top cover 6;
3) eight displacement sensors 4 are connected with a background observation device through a connecting circuit, and the final horizontal and vertical frost heaving amount is obtained by observing the average value of the measured values of the displacement sensors 4.
The displacement sensor and the background observation device are both commercially available products.
When the soil body freezes, the soil body inflation inevitably will produce the slight frost heaving and pull up to stand 1, for the upward displacement of effectual restriction stand, ensures vertical displacement sensor 4's measurement accuracy, increases the quality of top cap 6, and top cap 6 adopts the cement top cap optimally.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a test area is a construction site of a 220kV power transmission line pole and tower foundation in an X area of the northeast H city, a geological survey report is obtained, the depth of an unfrozen layer of soil in the test area is H =2000mm, an angle steel tower is adopted, a plurality of measuring points are arranged according to the position of the foundation and the type and the area of the foundation, the interval between every two adjacent side points is L =5m, and each measuring point is correspondingly provided with a frost heaving soil body displacement detection device.
The specific operation process when the frost heaving device is used for installation and detection is as follows:
1) looking up geological data, determining 2100mm (including an anchor cone) of the size required by the stand column of the frost heaving device in the test area, and manually ramming the stand column 10 until the anchor cone 11 reaches the non-frozen soil layer 8;
2) excavating a square hole 9, wherein the depth of the square pit 9 is 0.6-0.8 m, and the width of the square pit 9 is 0.6-0.8 m; flattening the side surfaces and the bottom surface of the square hole 9; welding the vertical support body 3 on the transverse support body 2, and then welding the transverse support body 2 to a proper position on the upright post 1;
3) mounting a support flat plate 5 on a probe rod of a sensor 4, mounting the sensor 4 on the end parts of a transverse support body 2 and a vertical support body 3, selecting a proper position, and then fixing by filling glue with bolts to ensure that the support flat plate 5 is tightly attached to the side wall and the bottom surface of a square pit hole 9 and is in an initial state;
4) prefabricating a cement top cover 6, aligning the middle circular groove 10 to the upper end of the upright post 1 to enable the upright post to be just clamped, meanwhile, arranging a flange on the cement top cover 6, and digging a pit matched with the flange of the cement top cover at the edge of the position of the square hole 9 for water prevention;
5) connecting eight displacement sensors 4 with a recorder of a background observation device, and recording the reading change of each displacement sensor when the test time is 12 months, 25 days and 8 am, wherein the horizontal direction is delta x1=1.51mm, the horizontal direction is delta x2=1.52mm, the horizontal direction is delta x3=1.51mm, the horizontal direction is delta x4=1.52mm, and the average value of the horizontal expansion change is delta x = ([ delta ] x1+ [ delta ] x2+ [ delta ] x3+ [ delta ] x 4)/4 =1.515 mm; vertical direction Δ y1=1.6, Δ y2=1.61, Δ y3=1.62, Δ y4=1.61, vertical expansion displacement average value Δ y = (—, Δ y1 +. Δ y2 +. Δ y3 +. Δ y 4)/4 =1.61 mm. By analogy, other measuring points are tested, frost heaving information of other frost layers can be obtained according to needs, or data detected by the whole frost heaving device can be obtained, the plane positions of the measuring points and the frost heaving deformation of the measuring points are gathered to draw a three-dimensional image, the change trend along with time is marked, the frost heaving deformation degree of the test area is quantitatively evaluated, and guidance suggestions are given.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit the same, and those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications and equivalent changes made with reference to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a displacement detection device of frost heaving soil body, it includes the stand, four horizontal support bodies, characterized by still includes: four vertical supporter, eight displacement sensor, eight backup pads and top cap, the stand bottom sets up the anchor awl that is used for the stationary mast, and the equipartition has linked firmly four horizontal supporter on the stand, has all linked firmly the displacement sensor who is used for measuring frozen soil horizontal direction displacement at the overhanging end of four horizontal supporter, has all linked firmly vertical supporter on four horizontal supporter, has all linked firmly the displacement sensor who is used for measuring frozen soil vertical displacement at the lower extreme of vertical supporter, and displacement sensor's probe rod end all links firmly the support flat board that is used for enlarging detection area.
2. The displacement detection device for the frost heaving soil body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the installation method comprises the following steps:
1) looking up geological data to obtain the depth of an unfrozen soil layer, arranging a square pit hole suitable for placing a displacement detection device of a frost heaving soil body in the frost layer, wherein the depth of the square pit hole is determined according to the frost layer, and the width of the square pit hole is determined according to the installation size of a displacement sensor, the diameter of an upright column and the length of a horizontal support body;
2) the upright post of the frozen soil displacement detection device is firmly fixed in the non-frozen soil layer at the bottom of the square pit hole through the anchor cone at the bottom end of the upright post; the support flat plates fixedly connected with the probe ends of the eight displacement sensors are in close contact with the corresponding surfaces of the square pot holes; the upper end surface of the upright post is 5-8 cm higher than the ground, a top cover is arranged on the ground positioned at the top of the square pit hole, and the upper end of the upright post is inserted and fixed in a middle circular groove of the top cover;
3) and the eight displacement sensors are connected with the background observation device through a connecting circuit.
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