CN110527609A - 一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺 - Google Patents
一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110527609A CN110527609A CN201910923421.4A CN201910923421A CN110527609A CN 110527609 A CN110527609 A CN 110527609A CN 201910923421 A CN201910923421 A CN 201910923421A CN 110527609 A CN110527609 A CN 110527609A
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- raspberry
- fruit wine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,包括原料选择及处理,压榨,初发酵,酶解,发酵步骤。本申请在制备过程中很好的保留了树莓中丰富的营养成分,还提供了多种人体必需的氨基酸以及丰富的元素,制得的树莓果酒酸度较低,果香浓郁,口感甘甜醇厚,爽怡纯净,回味持久弥香;并结合中药提取物的加入,还具有调经活血、增进食欲、兴奋强壮、消除疲劳、止血利尿等保健功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于果酒生产加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺。
背景技术
树莓,又名覆盆子、木莓、树莓,,,是蔷薇科悬钩子属的多年生落叶性灌木型果树,又称托盘、悬钩子等。树莓具有生态效益好、抗病虫性强、投资效益高、管理技术简便、产业延伸链条长等优点。同时,因其具有特殊的营养保健功能,为各国消费者广泛认可,在国际市场上被誉为“黄金水果”。树莓果味甜美,含糖、苹果酸、柠檬酸及维生素C等,可供生食、制果酱及酿酒。
树莓果实营养丰富,所含的各种成分易被人体所吸收,而且具有促进人体对其他营养物质的吸收和消化、改善新陈代谢及增强抗病力的作用。树莓富含人体必需的21种氨基酸和多种维生素,其中有八种氨基酸是人体不能合成却在人体代谢中发挥重要作用的。树莓还富含人体可吸收的植物SOD、天然抗癌物质鞣花酸、天然阿斯匹林水扬酸及大量天然减肥物质树莓酮,其含有维生素E的量居各类水果之首。由于树莓浆果所含的糖、有机酸、维生素C、维生素P、维生素B9和造血化合物协调地结合,使树莓成为有利于防病、治病的药物食品。
树莓味甘酸,平,无毒;入肝、肾二经。主益气轻身,主男子肾精虚竭,女子食之有子。具有涩精益肾、助阳明目、补肝、醒酒止渴、化痰解毒、安五脏、益颜色、养精气、长发、强志、护肝解酒、止咳平喘和提高人体机体免疫功能之功效,主治肾虚、遗精、醉酒、丹毒等症。临床实验证明,树莓中的“鞣花酸”很容易被人体吸收,能引起癌细胞的凋亡,食用树莓是抑制某些癌症发生的一种简单、有效的自然疗法,所以欧美称它为红宝石,癌症的克星。另外,树莓含有丰富的水杨酸、酚酸等物质。水杨酸被称为“天然阿斯匹林”,广泛用于镇痛解热,抗血凝;能有效预防血栓降,低血脂与血糖预防和治疗心绞痛,冠心病,抑制某些癌症发生等功效。因此,树莓具有很好的营养价值、药用价值和食用价值,所以经济效益较好。
果酒是将水果破碎、榨汁后,水果本身的糖分被菌种发酵得到的低度饮料酒,具有水果的风味,含有丰富的氨基酸、矿物质、维生素、抗氧化剂等成分,因此有很好的保健功效。我国树莓资源丰富,种植面积越来越大;由于树莓鲜果柔嫩多汁,可保藏时间短,只能季节性消费。而以树莓果实加工制作成果酒产品后能保留鲜果的营养价值,满足不同季节的消费要求,因此,以树莓制作果酒得以快速发展。目前,关于树莓制成果酒的公开文献有一些,例如:
1、专利申请CN201910061569.1,公开了一种树莓果酒及其制备方法,主要由以下重量份的原料制备而成:树莓果实60-70份、羊肚菌18-22份、牡丹花瓣13-16份,具有将树莓、牡丹和羊肚菌混合制备成果酒产品,不仅保留了树莓中丰富的营养成分,还提供了多种人体必需的氨基酸以及丰富的硒元素,结合牡丹中的黄芪苷,还具有调经活血、化痰解毒、涩精益肾助阳明目、消肿、消食导滞、减肥等功效的作用,解决了由于树莓鲜果柔嫩多汁,可保藏时间短,只能季节性消费,导致树莓的经济价值较低的问题。
2、专利申请CN201811604621.5,公开了一种树莓果酒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:S1、原料处理:将新鲜采摘的树莓通过去柄机去除树莓上的果柄,然后用水清洗,清洗时采用28-35℃的去离子水;然后去除果核;留下果肉备用;S2、原料浸泡;S3、原料破碎;S4、调整糖度和pH值;S5、灭菌;S7、调配。本发明具有树莓制果酒的工艺简单、口感较好的优点。
3、专利申请CN201810410132.X,公开了一种低酸度果香型树莓果酒的制备方法,是由以下步骤制得的:1)原料选择;2)打浆;3)酶解;4)前发酵;5)中发酵;6)后发酵;7)澄清和陈酿;8)陈酿液经0.3-0.5μm的微孔膜精过滤,杀菌,灌装,即可制得果香型树莓果酒。本发明方法制备的树莓果酒果香浓郁,醇厚绵软,口感柔和协调,酸甜爽口,显著提升树莓果酒的品位和品质。
4、专利申请CN201610498373.5,公开了一种树莓果酒及其制备方法,主要由以下质量份数的原料制成:树莓冻干粉100-150份,白砂糖30份,食品稳定剂:5-6份,所述树莓冻干粉按照如下方法制备:将树莓清洗干净后冷冻干燥,冻干燥条件为:干燥室压力为100-110Pa,加热板温度为42.5-45℃,降温速率为-0.3℃/min,冷冻干燥后粉碎过40目,所述果酒原料还包括辣椒红色素3-4份。本发明先将树莓进行冷冻干燥后,再发酵制酒,制得的果酒树莓果香浓郁,口感甘甜醇厚,爽怡纯净,回味持久弥香,是一种品质优良的果酒。
但是,目前在果酒的酿制过程中,发酵中还存在着许多弊端,例如野生菌群中酵母数量很少,在菌群的竞争中处于劣势,不利于果酒的发酵;又如表皮上的醋酸菌会引起醋酸发酵,这会直接影响果酒的理化指标,导致果酒酸度较高,影响果酒的口感和品质等。因此,研制出一种酸度较低、口感和品质较佳的树莓果酒的发酵工艺尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺。本申请将树莓榨汁之后,果汁采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶进行酶解成酶解液,使得果渣中的纤维素等物质进行酶解,为后续发酵过程中果酒含有树莓果香为做好保障;果渣加入纤维素酶和果胶酶酶解后,再加入中药提取物和发酵菌剂发酵得初发酵物,向酶解液中加入发酵菌剂,再分批加入到初发酵物,继续发酵处理,让酶解液与初发酵物有一个缓冲的接触过程,使两者再一次在发酵中慢慢融合而获得更加香醇的果酒,提高树莓果酒果香味,另外,加入的中药提取物不仅降低果酒的酸度,还可以提高果酒的保健功效。
为了能够达到上述所述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择及处理:选择无腐烂、病虫害及机械损伤的新鲜树莓果为原料,清洗干净表面的灰尘和杂质、沥干;
(2)压榨:将步骤(1)处理好的树莓果送入冷冻室中降温至2~5℃,然后送入2~6℃低温压榨室中压榨,将树莓果的果汁和果渣分离;
(3)初发酵:向步骤(2)的果渣中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,混匀后在33~35℃下酶解120~140min,加入中药提取物,超声波混合均匀,自然回温至23~28℃后,放入蒸锅中蒸煮,取出摊晾,加入发酵菌剂搅拌均匀,然后一层一层加入发酵罐中并压实,发酵罐中间留出一个圆孔,发酵,得初发酵物;
(4)酶解:向步骤(2)的果汁中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,在33~35℃条件下酶解120~140min后,在45~48℃下灭酶后,加入谷氨酰胺转氨酶,超声波混匀,在12~15℃条件下酶解85~95min,得到酶解液;
(5)发酵:将步骤(4)的酶解液在45~48℃下灭酶处理后,加入发酵菌剂混匀,分批加入到步骤(3)的初发酵物中,发酵,200~250滤布过滤,再经陈酿、微孔膜精过滤、微波杀菌、灌装后,制得所述树莓果酒。
进一步地,在步骤(3),所述中药提取物由以下重量份的原料制成:玉竹45~65份、黄精45~65份、党参25~45份、甘草20~30份、野三七20~40份、白芷10~20份、百合5~25份、茉莉花60~80份、金茶花55~75份,制备时,将所有原料混合均匀,加入物料总重量2~3倍的饮用水,浸泡3~4h,大火烧烤后小火煎煮150~180min,再经过滤、浓缩,得到中药提取物。
进一步地,在步骤(3),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果渣重量的0.1~0.3%、0.05~0.1%。
进一步地,在步骤(3)及(4),所述超声波频率控制为0.03~0.08Mpa,功率控制为200~250W,时间控制为20~25min。
进一步地,在步骤(4),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果汁重量的0.2~0.5%、0.05~0.2%;所述谷氨酰胺转氨酶加入量是果汁重量的0.01~0.1%。
进一步地,在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵菌剂为干酵母,其加入量为树莓果重量的0.03~0.1%。
进一步地,在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵是将物料放在8~10℃的地壳中发酵35~60d。
进一步地,在步骤(5),所述陈酿是在16~18℃条件下密封静置65~75d。
进一步地,在步骤(5),所述微孔膜精过滤所用的滤纸孔隙大小为0.4~0.8μm。
进一步地,在步骤(5),所述微波杀菌的频率控制为350~400MHz,功率控制为600~650W,时间控制为3~5min。
由于本发明采用了以上技术方案,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本申请将树莓榨汁之后,果汁采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶、纤维素酶和果胶酶进行酶解成酶解液,使得果渣中的纤维素等物质进行酶解,为后续发酵过程中果酒含有树莓果香为做好保障;果渣加入纤维素酶和果胶酶酶解后,再加入中药提取物和发酵菌剂发酵得初发酵物,向酶解液中加入发酵菌剂,再分批加入到初发酵物,继续发酵处理,让酶解液与初发酵物有一个缓冲的接触过程,使两者再一次在发酵中慢慢融合而获得更加香醇的果酒,提高树莓果酒果香味,另外,加入的中药提取物不仅降低果酒的酸度,还可以提高果酒的保健功效。
(2)本申请在制备过程中很好的保留了树莓中丰富的营养成分,还提供了多种人体必需的氨基酸以及丰富的元素,制得的树莓果酒酸度较低,果香浓郁,口感甘甜醇厚,爽怡纯净,回味持久弥香;并结合中药提取物的加入,还具有调经活血、增进食欲、兴奋强壮、消除疲劳、止血利尿等保健功效。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择及处理:选择无腐烂、病虫害及机械损伤的新鲜树莓果为原料,清洗干净表面的灰尘和杂质、沥干;
(2)压榨:将步骤(1)处理好的树莓果送入冷冻室中降温至2~5℃,然后送入2~6℃低温压榨室中压榨,将树莓果的果汁和果渣分离;
(3)初发酵:向步骤(2)的果渣中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,混匀后在33~35℃下酶解120~140min,加入中药提取物,超声波混合均匀,自然回温至23~28℃后,放入蒸锅中蒸煮,取出摊晾,加入发酵菌剂搅拌均匀,然后一层一层加入发酵罐中并压实,发酵罐中间留出一个圆孔,发酵,得初发酵物;
所述中药提取物由以下重量份的原料制成:玉竹45~65份、黄精45~65份、党参25~45份、甘草20~30份、野三七20~40份、白芷10~20份、百合5~25份、茉莉花60~80份、金茶花55~75份,制备时,将所有原料混合均匀,加入物料总重量2~3倍的饮用水,浸泡3~4h,大火烧烤后小火煎煮150~180min,再经过滤、浓缩,得到中药提取物;所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果渣重量的0.1~0.3%、0.05~0.1%;
(4)酶解:向步骤(2)的果汁中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,在33~35℃条件下酶解120~140min后,在45~48℃下灭酶后,加入谷氨酰胺转氨酶,超声波混匀,在12~15℃条件下酶解85~95min,得到酶解液;
所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果汁重量的0.2~0.5%、0.05~0.2%;所述谷氨酰胺转氨酶加入量是果汁重量的0.01~0.1%;
(5)发酵:将步骤(4)的酶解液在45~48℃下灭酶处理后,加入发酵菌剂混匀,分批加入到步骤(3)的初发酵物中,发酵,200~250滤布过滤,再经陈酿、微孔膜精过滤、微波杀菌、灌装后,制得所述树莓果酒;所述陈酿是在16~18℃条件下密封静置65~75d;所述微孔膜精过滤所用的滤纸孔隙大小为0.4~0.8μm;所述微波杀菌的频率控制为350~400MHz,功率控制为600~650W,时间控制为3~5min。
进一步地,在步骤(3)及(4),所述超声波频率控制为0.03~0.08Mpa,功率控制为200~250W,时间控制为20~25min;在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵菌剂为干酵母,其加入量为树莓果重量的0.03~0.1%;所述发酵是将物料放在8~10℃的地壳中发酵35~60d。
实施例2
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(3),所述中药提取物由以下重量份的原料制成:玉竹55份、黄精55份、党参35份、甘草25份、野三七30份、白芷15份、百合15份、茉莉花70份、金茶花65份,制备时,将所有原料混合均匀,加入物料总重量2.5倍的饮用水,浸泡3.5h,大火烧烤后小火煎煮165min,再经过滤、浓缩,得到中药提取物,其他条件不变。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(3),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果渣重量的0.2%、0.08%;其他条件不变。
实施例4
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(4),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果汁重量的0.35%、0.12%;所述谷氨酰胺转氨酶加入量是果汁重量的0.05%;其他条件不变。
实施例5
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(5),所述陈酿是在17℃条件下密封静置70d;所述微孔膜精过滤所用的滤纸孔隙大小为0.6μm;所述微波杀菌的频率控制为375MHz,功率控制为625W,时间控制为4min,其他条件不变。
实施例6
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(3)及(4),所述超声波频率控制为0.06Mpa,功率控制为220W,时间控制为23min,其他条件不变。
实施例7
与实施例1不同之处在于:在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵菌剂为干酵母,其加入量为树莓果重量的0.07%;所述发酵是将物料放在9℃的地壳中发酵50d,其他条件不变。
对比例1
按照专利申请CN201910061569.1中的实施例进行树莓果酒的制备。
对比例2
按照专利申请CN201811604621.5中的实施例进行树莓果酒的制备。
对比例3
按照专利申请CN201810410132.X中的实施例进行树莓果酒的制备。
对比例4
按照专利申请CN201610498373.5中的实施例进行树莓果酒的制备。
为了进一步说明本发明能够达到所述技术效果,做以下实验:
采用本申请实施例1~7和对比例1~4方法进行树莓果酒的制备,将制得的果酒让110位健康志愿者品尝,并对所品尝果酒进行感官评分(包括色泽、香味、口感、风味感官项目),满分为10份,记录各方法树莓果酒的分数,取平均值作为结果得分。
同时,选取另外1200例患有腰酸背痛、慵懒疲劳、困倦乏力、湿气重、注意力不能集中、食欲不振、失眠多梦、心烦意乱等亚健康的志愿者,其中男性58例,女性52例,年龄23~45岁,各组男女比例、年龄组成无显著差异,具有可比性;将志愿者随机平均分成12组,每组100例,其中7组为实验组,分别给志愿者饮用实施例1~7制得的树莓果酒,4组为对照组,分别给志愿者饮用对比例1~4制得的树莓果酒,另外一组为空白组,给志愿者饮用等量的白开水,观察树莓果酒对亚健康是否有疗效。结果如下表1和表2所示。
表1感官评价
| 组别 | 香味/分 | 口感/分 | 色泽/分 | 风味/分 |
| 实施例1 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
| 实施例2 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.7 |
| 实施例3 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 |
| 实施例4 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 |
| 实施例5 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.5 |
| 实施例6 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 |
| 实施例7 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 |
| 对比例1 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 9.0 |
| 对比例2 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
| 对比例3 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.8 |
| 对比例4 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 9.0 |
表2感官评价
由表1和表2实验数据可知,与现有技术相比,本身制得的树莓果酒感官较佳,色泽、香味、口感、风味获得更多志愿者的喜爱,且果酒对治疗腰酸背痛、慵懒疲劳、困倦乏力、湿气重、注意力不能集中、食欲不振、失眠多梦、心烦意乱等亚健康具有良好的效果,志愿者饮用后自觉身体状态更佳。
综上所述,本申请在制备过程中很好的保留了树莓中丰富的营养成分,还提供了多种人体必需的氨基酸以及丰富的元素,制得的树莓果酒酸度较低,果香浓郁,口感甘甜醇厚,爽怡纯净,回味持久弥香;并结合中药提取物的加入,还具有调经活血、增进食欲、兴奋强壮、消除疲劳、止血利尿等保健功效。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在没有背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料选择及处理:选择无腐烂、病虫害及机械损伤的新鲜树莓果为原料,清洗干净表面的灰尘和杂质、沥干;
(2)压榨:将步骤(1)处理好的树莓果送入冷冻室中降温至2~5℃,然后送入2~6℃低温压榨室中压榨,将树莓果的果汁和果渣分离;
(3)初发酵:向步骤(2)的果渣中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,混匀后在33~35℃下酶解120~140min,加入中药提取物,超声波混合均匀,自然回温至23~28℃后,放入蒸锅中蒸煮,取出摊晾,加入发酵菌剂搅拌均匀,然后一层一层加入发酵罐中并压实,发酵罐中间留出一个圆孔,发酵,得初发酵物;
(4)酶解:向步骤(2)的果汁中加入纤维素酶和果胶酶,在33~35℃条件下酶解120~140min后,在45~48℃下灭酶后,加入谷氨酰胺转氨酶,超声波混匀,在12~15℃条件下酶解85~95min,得到酶解液;
(5)发酵:将步骤(4)的酶解液在45~48℃下灭酶处理后,加入发酵菌剂混匀,分批加入到步骤(3)的初发酵物中,发酵,200~250滤布过滤,再经陈酿、微孔膜精过滤、微波杀菌、灌装后,制得所述树莓果酒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(3),所述中药提取物由以下重量份的原料制成:玉竹45~65份、黄精45~65份、党参25~45份、甘草20~30份、野三七20~40份、白芷10~20份、百合5~25份、茉莉花60~80份、金茶花55~75份,制备时,将所有原料混合均匀,加入物料总重量2~3倍的饮用水,浸泡3~4h,大火烧烤后小火煎煮150~180min,再经过滤、浓缩,得到中药提取物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(3),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果渣重量的0.1~0.3%、0.05~0.1%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(3)及(4),所述超声波频率控制为0.03~0.08Mpa,功率控制为200~250W,时间控制为20~25min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(4),所述纤维素酶和果胶酶加入量分别是果汁重量的0.2~0.5%、0.05~0.2%;所述谷氨酰胺转氨酶加入量是果汁重量的0.01~0.1%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵菌剂为干酵母,其加入量为树莓果重量的0.03~0.1%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(3)及(5),所述发酵是将物料放在8~10℃的地壳中发酵35~60d。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(5),所述陈酿是在16~18℃条件下密封静置65~75d。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(5),所述微孔膜精过滤所用的滤纸孔隙大小为0.4~0.8μm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种树莓果酒的发酵工艺,其特征在于:在步骤(5),所述微波杀菌的频率控制为350~400MHz,功率控制为600~650W,时间控制为3~5min。
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