CN110523800A - Processing method of copper rod and copper alloy rod - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a processing method for copper rods and copper alloy rods, comprising the following steps: step 1: using cold pressure welding to connect the rods to be processed; step 2: connecting the outer circumference of the rods to be processed cutting and scraping treatment on the surface; step 3: transport the rod to be processed into the heating chamber, which is filled with inert protective gas, and the heating device installed in the heating chamber The processed rod is heated; step 4: the rod to be processed is extruded by an extruder and then output. The method of the invention has simple operation process and high efficiency, and the prepared copper rod material and copper alloy rod material have excellent properties.

Description

Processing method of copper rod and copper alloy rod

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rod processing, in particular to a method for processing copper rods and copper alloy rods.

Background technique

Copper and its alloy materials have a series of good comprehensive properties: excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, sufficient mechanical properties, and excellent processing plasticity. Copper and its alloys play a pivotal role in the power industry, electrical industry and electronics. The development and development of high-performance copper and its alloy materials has become one of the hot spots in copper alloy research. At present, in the processing of copper alloys, the copper alloys prepared only by the traditional solid solution and aging heat treatment methods are not enough to meet the requirements of high performance; the composite material method, rapid solidification method and other methods are relatively complicated. , the production cost is high, and there are still some difficulties in industrial application. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a processing method that has a simple processing technology, is easy to realize continuous production, and has a high commercial application prospect.

In the traditional copper rod production, the upward drawing method and continuous casting and rolling method are generally used. The continuous casting and rolling production line has a large investment, complicated operation and maintenance, and can only produce low-oxygen rods during the production process; the up-drawing method can produce oxygen-free copper rods, but during the casting process, the copper rods are easy to form loose, etc. Defects are easy to form broken lines in the subsequent drawing process. Through the continuous extrusion processing of the upward lead copper rod, the upward lead cast rod is in a state of high pressure and high temperature during the continuous extrusion process, the as-cast grains are completely broken, dynamic recrystallization occurs completely, and ultra-fine grains are obtained, eliminating Porosity and other defects, improve tissue uniformity. Traditional continuous extrusion equipment has poor adaptability to raw materials, and generally uses upward copper rods as raw materials. The continuous casting and rolling copper wire billet is polluted by the use of emulsion in the rolling process, which makes the surface of the extruded copper rod using the traditional extrusion process have defects such as bubbles.

The existing process of continuous extrusion of copper and copper alloys is generally to clamp the preheated short section of copper rod into the extrusion wheel by iron pliers, so that the extrusion wheel and the preheated copper rod produce friction, so that the extruded The pressure roller continues to heat up. The preheated short-section copper rod forms a black rod after contacting with air, and the extruded copper rod section prepared by the black rod cannot be used normally, and there is certain pollution to the mold cavity, which is not conducive to the preparation of some ultra-pure materials. The temperature of the extruded copper rod is higher, and more serious surface oxidation will occur.

In addition, when continuous extrusion technology is used to produce long-length copper and copper alloy rods, traditional fusion welding or resistance welding is generally used for welding rod blanks. Electricity and heating are required during the welding process, which will also cause changes in the organizational state of the weld. The structure state of this welded part after extrusion is quite different from other positions, which is unfavorable for the subsequent processing of the rod, especially resulting in high-frequency broken wires of copper and copper alloys when drawing fine wires. Wire refers to copper and copper alloy wires with a wire diameter of less than 0.2 mm.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a method for processing copper rods and copper alloy rods, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: use cold pressure welding to connect the rods to be processed;

Step 2: Cutting and scraping the outer peripheral surface of the connected bar to be processed;

Step 3: Transport the rod to be processed into a heating chamber, which is filled with an inert protective gas, and the heating device installed in the heating chamber heats the rod to be processed

Step 4: The rod to be processed is extruded by an extruder and then output.

Preferably, in step 1, the two rods to be processed are put into the die holes of the two opposite molds respectively, and the cold press welding machine drives the two molds to move toward each other, so that the two rods to be processed The rods are welded by cold pressure.

Preferably, in step 2, before cutting and scraping, the diameter of the rod to be processed is 6-30 mm, and during cutting, the cutting depth of the rod to be processed is 0.05-0.2 mm.

Further, the cutting and scraping process includes the following steps:

1) Carrying out rounding and straightening the rod to be processed;

2) forming a rib on the surface of the rod to be processed by cutting;

3) Scraping the surface of the rod to be processed.

Preferably, the heating device is an electromagnetic induction heating device.

Further, an infrared temperature detection device and a controller are provided inside the heating cavity, and the controller is connected with the infrared temperature detection device and the heating device, and the infrared temperature detection device detects all The temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating cavity is sent to the controller, and the controller compares the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating cavity with the preset value stored in the controller. Set the value range of the rod temperature for comparison; when the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating cavity does not meet the value range of the preset rod temperature, the controller controls the heating The output power of the device is adjusted until the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating cavity meets the value range of the preset rod temperature.

Furthermore, the preset rod temperature ranges from 100°C to 700°C.

Preferably, the inert protective gas is argon.

Preferably, in step 4, the rotation speed of the extrusion wheel of the extruder is 4-20rpm.

Preferably, the processing method of copper rods and copper alloy rods further includes: Step 5, the extruded rods output by the extruder are connected to the output end of the extruder After the output pipeline, immerse in the liquid of the cooling water tank, and then dry the described rod material to be processed outputted from the cooling water tank; the mass percent of absolute ethanol in the liquid in the cooling water tank is 15%-20% %, the rest is water.

Preferably, after step 1 and before step 2, annealing is carried out to the welding spot of the cold pressure welding of the rod to be processed.

As mentioned above, the copper rod and the copper alloy rod processing method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

1) In the present invention, cold pressure welding is used to weld the rod to be processed; cold pressure welding is at room temperature, by means of pressure to make the copper or copper alloy to be welded plastically deform to realize solid state welding; the operation of this method is relatively simple , the operation process is easy to master; at the same time, cold-press welding will not cause the joints of the rods to be processed to heat up, so there will be no softening zone, heat-affected zone and brittle intermediate phase that are common in hot-welded joints. Through annealing treatment, eliminate Reduce the residual stress, improve the interface bonding strength, reduce the occurrence of wire breakage in the subsequent wire drawing process, improve the processing efficiency, and meet the processing requirements of large-length copper and its alloy rod blanks;

2) Before the extrusion of copper rods and copper alloy rods, the outer peripheral surface of the connected rods to be processed is cut and scraped, so that the oxide layer on the surface of the connected rods to be processed is removed, realizing The effect of using the mechanical method to clean the surface of the rod to be processed can ensure that the prepared rod to be processed meets the requirements of high purity and high performance, which is conducive to the subsequent realization of high-performance wire drawing. At the same time, this method reduces the impact on the environment. pollution;

3) Before the copper rods and copper alloy rods are extruded, the rods to be processed are heated in an environment filled with an inert protective gas. Compared with the traditional method, this heating method solves the following problems: The moisture on the rod is removed, and the rod to be processed is softened to achieve the best extrusion effect; the surface of the rod to be processed does not oxidize; the operation is convenient, and the waste is less. Using the method of the present invention can effectively avoid extrusion After the rod to be processed, bulges, cracks, blackening, etc. appear on the surface of the rod to be processed, which improves the quality and yield of the rod to be processed by continuous extrusion.

Detailed ways

The implementation mode of the present invention is illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those who are familiar with this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

It should be noted that the structure, proportions, sizes, etc. of this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification, for those who are familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, there is no technical limitation. The substantive meaning of any modification of structure, change of proportional relationship or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effect and purpose of the present invention. within the scope covered. At the same time, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of this specification. The practicable scope of the invention and the change or adjustment of its relative relationship shall also be regarded as the practicable scope of the present invention without any substantial change in the technical content.

The processing method of the copper rod material and the copper alloy rod material of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

Step 1: use cold pressure welding to connect the rods to be processed;

Step 2: cutting and scraping the outer peripheral surface of the connected bar to be processed;

Step 3: Transport the rod to be processed into the heating chamber, fill the heating chamber with inert protective gas, and heat the rod to be processed by the heating device installed in the heating chamber

Step 4: The rod to be processed is extruded by the extruder and then output.

In the present invention, cold-press welding is used to weld the rods to be processed; cold-press welding is at room temperature, and the copper or copper alloy to be welded is plastically deformed by pressure to realize solid-state welding; at the same time, cold-press welding will not cause The joints of the rods to be processed after the connection are heated up, so there will be no softening zone, heat-affected zone and brittle intermediate phase that are common in heat-welded joints. In the subsequent wire drawing process, the occurrence of wire breakage is reduced and the processing efficiency is improved. ;

Before the extrusion of copper rods and copper alloy rods, the outer peripheral surface of the connected rods to be processed is cut and scraped, so that the oxide layer on the surface of the connected rods to be processed is removed, and the adoption of The effect of cleaning the surface of the rod to be processed by the mechanical method can ensure that the prepared rod to be processed meets the requirements of high purity and high performance, which is conducive to the subsequent realization of high-performance wire drawing. At the same time, this method reduces the impact on the environment. Pollution; In addition, the applicability of extrusion equipment to raw materials has been improved, and continuous casting and rolling rods can be used as raw materials for copper rod extrusion; while using traditional methods, such as pickling, alkali cleaning, etc., may introduce acid, alkali, oil, etc. , emulsion, oxide layer and other substances that are likely to cause surface re-contamination.

Before the extrusion of copper rods and copper alloy rods, the rods to be processed are heated in an environment filled with inert protective gas. Compared with the traditional method, this heating method solves the following problems: put the rods to be processed on The moisture is removed, and the rod to be processed is softened to achieve the best extrusion effect; the surface of the rod to be processed does not oxidize; the operation is convenient and the waste is less.

In step 1, the two rods to be processed are respectively put into the die holes of two oppositely arranged molds, and the cold pressure welding machine drives the two molds to move toward each other, so that the two rods to be processed can be cold-press welded. After the two rods to be processed are respectively placed in the die holes of two oppositely arranged dies, the transverse gap between the dies is adjusted, and then welded; the operation of this method is relatively simple, and the operation process is easy to grasp.

In step 2, before cutting and scraping, the diameter of the rod to be processed is 6-30 mm, and during cutting, the cutting depth of the rod to be processed is 0.05-0.2 mm. The depth of cutting can remove the oxide layer on the outer peripheral surface of the rod to be processed.

The chipping and scraping process consists of the following steps:

1) Round and straighten the rod to be processed;

2) Forming a rifled line on the surface of the rod to be processed by cutting;

3) The surface of the rod to be processed is scraped.

The cutting and scraping treatment can effectively remove the oxide layer on the outer peripheral surface of the rod to be processed.

The power traction device drives the rods to be processed to move. After the rods to be processed are connected and before the rods to be processed enter the cutting equipment, the rods to be processed pass through the straightening device. The line speed of the power traction equipment is synchronously linked with the speed of extruding the bar to be processed by the extruder.

The heating device is an electromagnetic induction heating device. Using the method of the present invention, the rod to be processed is heated, which can effectively avoid the appearance of bulges, cracks, blackening, etc. on the surface of the rod to be processed after extruding the rod to be processed, and improves the efficiency of continuous extrusion of the rod to be processed. Quality and Yield.

The inside of the heating cavity is also equipped with an infrared temperature detection device and a controller, the controller is connected with the infrared temperature detection device and the electromagnetic induction heating device, and the infrared temperature detection device sends the detected temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating cavity to To the controller, the controller compares the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating chamber with the preset temperature range of the rod stored in the controller; when the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating chamber does not meet the preset When the rod temperature range is set, the controller controls the output power of the electromagnetic induction heating device to adjust until the temperature of the rod to be processed inside the heating chamber meets the preset rod temperature range. This structure realizes real-time detection and real-time adjustment of the internal temperature of the heating chamber.

The preset rod temperature ranges from 100°C to 700°C. This preset rod temperature facilitates the entry of the rod to be processed into the extruder.

The inert protective gas is argon. The argon gas is stable and can ensure that the surface of the rod to be processed will not be oxidized.

In step 4, the rotation speed of the extrusion wheel of the extruder is 4-20rpm. The moving speed of the rod to be processed driven by the power traction equipment is 4m/min～30m/min, and the extruded rod size of the extruded rod to be processed by the extruder is φ3.0～20.0mm. The speed of the extrusion wheel of the extruder, the moving speed of the rod to be processed driven by the power traction equipment, and the range of the extruding speed of the extruded rod to be processed by the extruder can ensure that the produced copper rod and copper The alloy rod meets the technical requirements.

The processing method of copper rods and copper alloy rods also includes: Step 5, the rods to be processed outputted by the extruder after being extruded, are immersed in the In the liquid in the cooling water tank, the rod to be processed outputted from the cooling water tank is dried again; the mass percentage of anhydrous ethanol in the liquid in the cooling water tank is 15%-20%, and the rest is water.

In this embodiment, in absolute ethanol, the mass percentage of ethanol is greater than 99.5%, and the rest is water. The rods to be processed output from the cooling water tank are dried by the air knife system, and the mass percentage of anhydrous ethanol in the liquid in the cooling water tank is 20%.

The liquid in the cooling water tank contains ethanol, which can reduce the oxide layer on the surface of the copper rod and copper alloy rod to copper, and finally use the air knife system to dry the surface of the copper rod and copper alloy rod to ensure that the copper Bright surface quality of rods and copper alloy rods.

After step one and before step two, the welding point of the cold pressure welding of the rod to be processed is annealed, so that the strength and plasticity at the welding point are close to the strength and plasticity of the rod to be processed. In this embodiment, the specific process of the annealing treatment is to apply current at both ends of the welding point of the cold-press welding of the rod to be processed, to eliminate the residual stress caused by the deformation of the material during the cold-press welding process, and to improve the interface bonding strength.

The method of this embodiment can effectively ensure the surface quality of the copper rod and the copper alloy rod, so that the extruded rod can be directly used for the processing of the next process, avoiding damage to the copper rod and copper alloy. The peeling and cutting of the bar again improves the work efficiency and reduces the loss of materials.

Example 1

In the present embodiment, the up-leading copper rod is selected as the rod to be processed, and the diameter of the up-leading copper rod is 16.0 mm. Select the mold used for cold-press welding copper rods with a diameter of 16.0mm, insert the two up-leading copper rods into the die holes of the two molds, adjust the transverse gap between the molds, the gap width is 6-10mm, and start the cold Pressure welding machine, so that the gap of the vertical seam in the middle of the mold is completely closed. After confirming that the cold-press welding is firm, open the mold, remove the waste edge, and anneal the welding spot of the cold-press welding of the rod to be processed, annealing current 30-50A, and complete the welding. The welded up-lead copper rods are cut and scraped after passing through the wire-releasing device and the straightening device. The cutting depth of the rods to be processed is 0.05mm. The production system is synchronously linked. The cut up lead copper rod enters the heating cavity under the traction of the pay-off device and the extruder, and the heating cavity is filled with high-purity argon gas, the purity of which is greater than 99.990%, and the gas flow rate of argon gas is 5L /min, adjust the induction power of the heating device in the heating chamber, so that the upward lead copper rod is heated to 280-320°C. The extrusion wheel speed of the extruder matches the pay-off speed of the pay-off device. The extrusion wheel speed is 5-7rpm, and the pay-off speed of the pay-off device is 4-10m/min. The copper rod extruded by the extruder The size of the rod is 8mm in diameter, the strength of the copper rod extruded by the extruder is 230-260Mpa, the elongation is 35%-45%, and the electrical conductivity is 98%-101% IACS. The rod to be processed outputted by the extruder is immersed in the liquid in the cooling water tank after passing through the output pipe connected to the output end of the extruder, and the rod to be processed outputted from the cooling water tank is then dried; The mass percent of absolute ethanol in the liquid in the cooling water tank is 15%-20%, and the rest is water.

Example 2:

The high-purity copper-silver alloy rod material cast horizontally is selected as the rod material to be processed. The mass percentage of silver in the high-purity copper-silver alloy rod material is less than or equal to 1%, and the sum of the mass percentage of copper and the mass percentage of silver Greater than or equal to 99.95%.

Select the mold used for cold-press welding rods with a diameter of 8.0mm, insert two high-purity copper-silver alloy rods into the die holes of the two molds respectively, and adjust the transverse gap between the molds, the gap width is 2-4mm, Start the cold press welding machine to completely close the gap of the vertical seam in the middle of the mold. After confirming that the cold-press welding is firm, open the mold, remove the waste edge, and anneal the welding spot of the cold-press welding of the rod to be processed, annealing current 10-15A, and complete the welding.

After the welded copper-silver alloy rod passes through the pay-off device and the straightening device, it is cut and scraped. The cutting depth of the rod to be processed is 0.1mm. The production system is synchronously linked.

The copper-silver alloy rod that has been cut enters the heating chamber under the traction of the pay-off device and the extruder, and the heating chamber is filled with high-purity argon gas, the purity of which is greater than 99.990%, and the gas flow rate of argon gas is 7L /min, adjust the induction power of the heating device in the heating chamber so that the copper-silver alloy rod is heated to 300-350°C. The extrusion wheel speed of the extruder matches the pay-off speed of the pay-off device, the extrusion wheel speed is 10-12rpm, the pay-off speed of the pay-off device is 9-12m/min, the copper and silver extruded by the extruder The size of the alloy rod is 8.0mm in diameter, the strength of the copper-silver alloy rod extruded by the extruder is 230-330Mpa, the elongation is 25%-40%, and the conductivity is 92%-98% IACS. The extruded rods to be processed output by the extruder are immersed in the liquid in the cooling water tank after passing through the output pipe connected to the output end of the extruder, and the rods to be processed output from the cooling water tank are then dried; the cooling water tank The mass percent of absolute ethanol in the liquid is 15%-20%, and the rest is water.

Example 3

The copper-magnesium alloy rod material prepared by the above-mentioned method is selected as the rod material to be processed, the diameter of the copper-magnesium alloy rod material is 8 mm, the mass percentage of magnesium in the copper-magnesium alloy rod material is less than or equal to 0.04%, the mass percentage of copper and the mass percentage of magnesium The sum of the percentages is greater than or equal to 99.95%.

Select the mold used for cold-press welding rods with a diameter of 8mm, insert two copper-magnesium alloy rods into the die holes of the two molds, adjust the transverse gap between the molds, the gap width is 2-8mm, and start the cold press Welding machine, so that the gap of the vertical seam in the middle of the mold is completely closed. After confirming that the cold-press welding is firm, open the mold, remove the waste edge, and anneal the welding spot of the cold-press welding of the rod to be processed, annealing current 10-15A, and complete the welding.

The welded copper-magnesium alloy rods are cut and scraped after passing through the pay-off device and straightening device. The cutting depth of the rods to be processed is 0.05mm. The production system is synchronously linked.

The copper-silver alloy rod that has been cut enters the heating chamber under the traction of the pay-off device and the extruder, and the heating chamber is filled with high-purity argon gas. The purity of the selected argon gas is greater than 99.990%, and the gas flow rate of the argon gas is 5L /min, adjust the induction power of the heating device in the heating chamber so that the copper-magnesium alloy rod is heated to 350-400°C. The extrusion wheel speed of the extruder matches the pay-off speed of the pay-off device. The extrusion wheel speed is 5-7rpm, and the pay-off speed of the pay-off device is 4-8m/min. The copper and magnesium extruded by the extruder The size of the alloy rod is 16mm in diameter, the strength of the copper-magnesium alloy rod extruded by the extruder is 350-500Mpa, the elongation is 10%-16%, and the electrical conductivity is 85.0%-95.0% IACS. The extruded rods to be processed output by the extruder are immersed in the liquid in the cooling water tank after passing through the output pipe connected to the output end of the extruder, and the rods to be processed output from the cooling water tank are then dried; the cooling water tank The mass percent of absolute ethanol in the liquid is 15%-20%, and the rest is water.

The method of the invention has simple operation process and high efficiency, and the prepared copper rod material and copper alloy rod material have excellent properties.

To sum up, this embodiment effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial application value.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative to illustrate the principles and effects of this embodiment, but are not intended to limit this embodiment. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in this embodiment should still be covered by the claims of this embodiment.

Claims (11)

1. the processing method of a kind of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1: pole stock to be processed is attached using Cold welding；

Step 2: cutting and scraping process are carried out to the outer peripheral surface of the pole stock to be processed after connection；

Step 3: the pole stock to be processed is transported in heating cavity, and inert protective gas, institute are filled in the heating cavity The heating device installed in heating cavity is stated to heat the pole stock to be processed；

Step 4: the pole stock to be processed exports after being squeezed by extruder.

2. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1, Two pole stocks to be processed are respectively put into the die hole for the mold that two are oppositely arranged, and cold press welder drives two molds It moves towards, two pole stocks to be processed is made to realize Cold welding.

3. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2, It cutting with before scraping process, the diameter of the pole stock to be processed is 6-30mm, in machining, the pole stock to be processed Cutting depth is 0.05-0.2mm.

4. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:

It is described cutting and scraping process the following steps are included:

1) pole stock to be processed is subjected to rule circle and alignment；

2) by machining, rifle is formed on the surface of the pole stock to be processed；

3) scraping process is carried out to the surface of the pole stock to be processed.

5. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heating device For electromagnetic induction heater.

6. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the heating cavity Inside be additionally provided with infrared temperature detection device and controller, the controller and the infrared temperature detection device and institute State heating device connection, the bar to be processed inside the heating cavity that the infrared temperature detection device will test The temperature of material is sent to the controller, the controller by the temperature of the pole stock to be processed inside the heating cavity with The value range of the default pole stock temperature stored in the controller is compared；It is described to be added inside the heating cavity When the temperature of work pole stock does not meet the value range of the default pole stock temperature, the controller controls the defeated of the heating device Power is adjusted out, and the temperature of the pole stock to be processed inside the heating cavity meets the default pole stock temperature Value range.

7. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the default pole stock The value range of temperature is 100 DEG C -700 DEG C.

8. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the inertia protection Gas is argon gas.

9. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4, The revolving speed of the extruding wheel of the extruder is 4-20rpm.

10. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include: step Five, the pole stock to be processed that the extruder exports after squeezing, the output channel connected by the output end of the extruder Afterwards, it is immersed in the liquid of cooling trough, the pole stock to be processed exported from the cooling trough is dried again；It is described The mass percent of dehydrated alcohol is 15%-20% in liquid in cooling trough, remaining is water.

11. the processing method of copper pole stock and copper alloy pole stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1 it Afterwards and before step 2, the pad of the Cold welding of the pole stock to be processed is made annealing treatment.