CN110518816B - Input port number adjustable modularization high-gain rectifier circuit - Google Patents

Input port number adjustable modularization high-gain rectifier circuit Download PDF

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CN110518816B
CN110518816B CN201910749634.XA CN201910749634A CN110518816B CN 110518816 B CN110518816 B CN 110518816B CN 201910749634 A CN201910749634 A CN 201910749634A CN 110518816 B CN110518816 B CN 110518816B
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diode
capacitor
module
power supply
cathode
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CN110518816A (en
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邾玢鑫
王慧慧
佘小莉
杨楠
李振华
黄悦华
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration

Abstract

A modular high-gain rectifying circuit with adjustable input port number comprises an input power supply,ma module,mIs an even number; first dieBlock is composed ofnA capacitorC 11、C 12...C n1Andna diode D11、D12...D n1Forming; the second module is composed ofnA capacitorC 21、C 22...C n2Andna diode D21、D22...D n2Forming; … … and so on to the m-1 th module, the m-1 th module is composed ofnA capacitorC m(‑1)1、C m(‑1)2...C m n(‑1)And n diodes D m(‑1)1、D m(‑1)2...D m n(‑1)Forming; first, themA module ofmA module is composed ofnA capacitorC m1、C m2...C mn Andna diode D m1、D m2...D mn And (4) forming. The invention relates to a modular high-gain rectifying circuit with adjustable input port number, which can flexibly adjust the module number according to different application occasions, and realizes high-gain output, automatic current equalization of current and uniform power distribution.

Description

Input port number adjustable modularization high-gain rectifier circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-isolated rectifier circuit, in particular to a modular high-gain rectifier circuit with adjustable input port number.
Background
Under the requirements of a chip high-Voltage power supply, acquisition of ultrahigh-Voltage positive ions, acceleration of the ultrahigh-Voltage positive ions and the like, high-gain rectifier circuits (VMs) and modeling analysis methods thereof have been widely researched and developed since the last 30 th century. At present, more CW-VM circuits proposed by Cockcroft and Walton and D-VM circuits proposed by Luscher and Dickson are mainly applied, the structures of the CW-VM circuits and the D-VM circuits are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2 of drawings of the specification, and both the CW-VM circuits and the D-VM circuits are composed of a series of diodes and capacitors, so that the double-diode-type D-VM circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simple structure and the like. However, the input power is limited by the over-current capability of the semiconductor diode, which makes it difficult to apply the diode to high power applications.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that a high-capacity voltage-multiplying rectification circuit in the prior art is difficult to construct, the invention provides a modular high-gain rectification circuit with an adjustable number of input ports, which can flexibly adjust the number of modules according to different application occasions, and realize high-gain output, automatic current equalization and uniform power distribution.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a modular high-gain rectifying circuit with adjustable input port number comprises an input power supply, m modules and m is an even number;
the first module consists of n capacitors C11、C12...C1nAnd n diodes D11、D12...D1nForming;
the second module consists of n capacitors C21、C22...C2nAnd n diodes D21、D22...D2nForming;
……
the analogy is that the m-1 module is formed by n capacitors C(m-1)1、C(m-1)2...C(m-1)nAnd n diodes D(m-1)1、D(m-1)2...D(m-1)nForming;
the m-th module consists of n capacitors Cm1、Cm2...CmnAnd n diodes Dm1、Dm2...DmnForming;
in the first module, a capacitor C11One end connected to the input power supply and the capacitor C11The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D11Cathode and capacitor C12One terminal, diode D11The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C12The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D12Of the heartElectrode and capacitor C13One terminal, diode D12Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm1The other end;
capacitor C13The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D13Cathode and capacitor C14One terminal, diode D13Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm2The other end;
… … and so on:
capacitor C1(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D1(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C1nOne terminal, diode D1(n-1)Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-2)The other end;
capacitor C1nThe other end is connected with a diode D1nCathode, diode D1nAnode connected capacitor Cm(n-1)The other end;
in the second module, the first module is provided with a plurality of modules,
capacitor C21One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the capacitor C21The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D21Cathode and capacitor C22One terminal, diode D21The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C22The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D22Cathode and capacitor C23One terminal, diode D22The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on:
capacitor C2(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D2(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C2nOne terminal, diode D2(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C2nThe other end is connected with a diode D2nCathode, diode D2nThe anode is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
……
by the way of analogy, the method can be used,
in the (m-1) -th module,
capacitor C(m-1)1One end connected to the input power supply and the capacitor C(m-1)1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)1Cathode and capacitorC(m-1)2One terminal, diode D(m-1)1The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C(m-1)2The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)2Cathode and capacitor C(m-1)3One terminal, diode D(m-1)2The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on, capacitance C(m-1)(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C(m-1)nOne terminal, diode D(m-1)(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C(m-1)nThe other end is connected with a diode D(m-1)nCathode, diode D(m-1)nThe anode is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
in the m-th module, the first module,
capacitor Cm1One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the capacitor Cm1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm1Cathode and capacitor Cm2One terminal, diode Dm1The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor Cm2The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm2Cathode and capacitor Cm3One terminal, diode Dm2The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on, capacitance Cm(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm(n-1)Cathode and capacitor CmnOne terminal, diode Dm(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor CmnThe other end is connected with a diode DmnCathode, diode DmnThe anode is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
the connection among each module is as follows:
diode D in the first module11Cathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module21Anode of (2), diode D in the second module21Cathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module31… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)1Cathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulem1The anode of (1);
diode D in the first module12Cathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module22Anode of (2), diode D in the second module22Cathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module32… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)2Cathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulem2The anode of (1);
… … and so on,
diode D in the first module1nCathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module2nAnode of (2), diode D in the second module2nCathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module3n… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)nCathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulemnThe anode of (1);
capacitor Cm1One end and a load RLAre connected at one end to a load RLAnother terminal of (1) and a capacitor CmnThe other end is connected.
The invention discloses a modular high-gain rectifying circuit with adjustable input port number, which has the following technical effects:
1) the invention realizes high-gain output by using the modular rectifying circuit with the adjustable number of input ports, and the number of diodes and capacitors in each module is adjusted according to requirements to improve the gain. Meanwhile, the voltage stress of the diode is also reduced, and the working efficiency of the conversion circuit is improved. Wherein:
input-output gain is (no load):
Figure GDA0002743501140000031
the voltage stress of the diode is:
Figure GDA0002743501140000032
wherein m is the number of modules, and n is the number of secondary side diodes and capacitors of the voltage transformer circuit in the modules.
2) When multiple modules of the conversion circuit are in parallel operation, automatic current equalization can be realized, the power of the transformation circuit is equalized, and the current equalization is ensured without a sensing circuit and a control strategy.
3) The modular structure is adopted to realize high gain, a heavy and volume-occupied alternating current transformation circuit is omitted, the system volume is reduced, the system cost is reduced, the application range is wide, and the overall working efficiency of the transformation circuit is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a CW-VM circuit configuration.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a D-VM circuit configuration.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of the circuit of the present invention, where m is 4 and n is 2.
FIG. 5(a) shows the capacitance C of a prototype with a load of 6400. omega11、C21、C31、C41A voltage waveform diagram.
FIG. 5(b) shows the capacitance C of a prototype with a load of 6400. omega12、C22、C32、C42A voltage waveform diagram.
FIG. 5(C) shows the capacitance C of a prototype with a load of 6400. omega11、C21、C31、C41Voltage ripple diagram.
FIG. 5(d) shows the capacitance C of a prototype with a load of 6400. omega12、C22、C32、C42Voltage ripple diagram.
FIG. 5(e) shows the input voltage u of a prototype with a load of 6400. omegainOutput voltage uoAnd ripple Δ uoOutput current ioAnd (4) waveform diagrams.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 4, a modular 4-module rectifier circuit with high gain comprises an input power supply, 4 modules and a load RL. The first module consists of 2 capacitors C11、C12And 2 diodes D11、D12The second module is composed of 2 capacitors C21、C22And 2 diodes D21、D22The third module is composed of 2 capacitors C31、C32And 2 diodes D31、D32The fourth module is composed of 2 capacitors C41、C42And 2 diodes D41、D42And (4) forming. The rectifier circuit is specifically connected as follows:
among the 4 modules, the number of the modules,
first module, capacitor C11One end of the capacitor is led out, and the capacitor C11Another terminal of the capacitor C12One terminal of (C), a capacitor11And a capacitor C12Node of (D) is connected with diode11And led out of the cathode of diode D11Anode lead-out, capacitance C12Another end of the diode D12And led out of the cathode of diode D12Leading out an anode;
second module, capacitor C21One end of the capacitor is led out, and the capacitor C21Another terminal of the capacitor C22One terminal of (C), a capacitor21And a capacitor C22Node of (D) is connected with diode21And led out of the cathode of diode D21Anode lead-out, capacitance C22Another end of the diode D22And led out of the cathode of diode D22Leading out an anode;
third module, capacitor C31One end of the capacitor is led out, and the capacitor C31Another terminal of the capacitor C32One terminal of (C), a capacitor31And a capacitor C32Node of (D) is connected with diode31And led out of the cathode of diode D31Anode lead-out, capacitance C32Another end of the diode D32And led out of the cathode of diode D32Leading out an anode;
fourth module, capacitor C41One end of the capacitor is led out, and the capacitor C41Another terminal of the capacitor C42One terminal of (C), a capacitor41And a capacitor C42Node of (D) is connected with diode41A cathode of (D)41Anode lead-out, capacitance C42Another end of the diode D42And led out of the cathode of diode D42And leading out the anode.
The connection relationship among the modules is as follows:
first module, capacitor C11One end connected to the input power supply and a diode D11Cathode of (D) is connected with diode21Anode of (2), diode D11Anode connected to the other end of the input power supply, diode D12Anode of (D) is connected to the diode41A cathode of (a);
second module, capacitor C21One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the diode D21Cathode of (D) is connected with diode31Anode of (2), diode D22Cathode of (D) is connected with diode32The anode of (1);
third module, capacitor C31One end connected to the input power supply and a diode D31Cathode of (D) is connected with diode41Anode of (2), diode D32Cathode of (D) is connected with diode42The anode of (1);
fourth module, capacitor C41One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the diode D41Cathode of (D) is connected with diode12The anode of (1);
finally, a capacitor C41One end and a load RLAre connected at one end to a load RLAnother terminal of (1) and a capacitor C42One end is connected.
According to the different states of the power switch, the circuit can be divided into three working states:
(1) at the initial moment, when all the diodes are in the off state, the load is formed by a capacitor C41And a capacitor C42And (5) supplying power.
(2) When the input alternating current is in the positive half shaft, the input power supply passes through the capacitor C11Diode D21Capacitor C21Form a loop to the capacitor C21Charging the capacitor C11Discharge through a capacitor C12And a diode D22To the capacitor C22Charging, to C12Discharging; simultaneous input power supply via capacitor C31Diode D41Capacitor C41Form a loop to the capacitor C41Charging, to C31Discharge through a capacitor C32And a diode D42To the capacitor C42Charging, to C32Discharge of electricity(ii) a Diode D11、D12、D31、D32Are all turned off.
(3) When the input alternating current is in the negative half shaft, the input power supply passes through the capacitor C21Diode D31Capacitor C31Form a loop to the capacitor C31Charging the capacitor C21Discharge through a capacitor C22And a diode D32To the capacitor C32Charging, to C22Discharging; simultaneous input power supply via capacitor C41Diode D12Capacitor C12Form a loop to the capacitor C12Charging, to C41Discharge through diode D11And a capacitor C11And, feeding C11Charging; diode D21、D22、D41、D42Are all turned off.
The current sharing principle is as follows:
in steady state, according to the capacitance C in VM cell12、C22、C32、C42The charge-discharge balance in one cycle of (1) is known as ID42Is equal to the output current I0Due to the capacitance C32Is present through the diode D32Current I ofD32Is equal to ID42By analogy, the first branch passes through the diode D12Current I ofD12Is equal to the output current I0. In the same way, according to the capacitance C11、C21、C31、C41The current flowing through the diode in other branches is equal to the output current I0. During the positive half cycle of the input voltage source, the average current per input port (in the positive direction of the incoming port) can be derived from equation (1). In the negative half cycle of the input voltage, the average current at the input port is given in equation (2).
Figure GDA0002743501140000051
Figure GDA0002743501140000061
Similarly, in the positive half cycle of the input voltage, the average current of each capacitor in the half cycle (the capacitor discharge is the positive capacitor current direction) can be obtained as in equation (3). In the negative half cycle of the input voltage, the average current per capacitor can be derived by equation (4).
Figure GDA0002743501140000062
Figure GDA0002743501140000063
The above analysis is extended to a topology with m input ports and n VM cells, the average current per input port and capacitance in a half cycle is given in equation (5) -equation (8).
In the positive half-cycle of the input voltage, the capacitance current and the input current average:
Figure GDA0002743501140000064
icij＝(-1)i+1·(n+1-j)·Io (6)
in the negative half-cycle of the input voltage, the capacitor current and the input current average:
Figure GDA0002743501140000065
icij＝(-1)i·(n+1-j)·Io (8)
wherein i belongs to [1, m ], j belongs to [1, n ].
Experimental parameters:
the peak value and the frequency of an alternating current input voltage source are 100V/1kHz, the model of the diode is IDT12S60C, the number m of input ports is 4, the number n of VM units is 2, and V isThe capacitance in the M unit is 10 muF, the load filter capacitance is 50 muF, and the load resistance is 6400 omega. Experimental waveforms are shown in fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), 5(d), 5(e), voltage waveforms across the capacitor in the VM cell are shown in fig. 5(a) and 5(b), and their voltage effective values are: u. ofc11＝90.64V，uc21＝171.7V，uc31＝252.5V，uc41＝341.5V，uc12＝340.9V，uc22＝332.4V，uc32＝322.8V，uc42319V. The voltage ripple of the capacitor is shown in FIGS. 5(c) and 5(d), where Δ uvm9.2V. The output voltage waveform is shown in FIG. 5(e), uo＝658.6V。
Compared with the traditional rectifier circuit, the modular high-gain rectifier circuit with the adjustable number of input ports has the advantages that the gain of input and output voltages is high and adjustable, the input current of each module can be automatically equalized, the problem that the equalization is complex when a plurality of modules are connected in parallel is solved, the voltage stress of a diode is reduced, and the working efficiency of the rectifier circuit is improved.

Claims (1)

1. A modular high-gain rectifying circuit with adjustable input port numbers is characterized in that the rectifying circuit comprises an input power supply, m modules and m is an even number;
the first module consists of n capacitors C11、C12...C1nAnd n diodes D11、D12...D1nForming;
the second module consists of n capacitors C21、C22...C2nAnd n diodes D21、D22...D2nForming;
……
the analogy is that the m-1 module is formed by n capacitors C(m-1)1、C(m-1)2...C(m-1)nAnd n diodes D(m-1)1、D(m-1)2...D(m-1)nForming;
the m-th module consists of n capacitors Cm1、Cm2...CmnAnd n diodes Dm1、Dm2...DmnForming;
in the first module, a capacitor C11One end connected to the input power supply and the capacitor C11The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D11Cathode and capacitor C12One terminal, diode D11The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C12The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D12Cathode and capacitor C13One terminal, diode D12Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm1The other end;
capacitor C13The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D13Cathode and capacitor C14One terminal, diode D13Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm2The other end;
… … and so on:
capacitor C1(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D1(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C1nOne terminal, diode D1(n-1)Anode of (2) is connected with a capacitor Cm(n-2)The other end;
capacitor C1nThe other end is connected with a diode D1nCathode, diode D1nAnode connected capacitor Cm(n-1)The other end;
in the second module, the first module is provided with a plurality of modules,
capacitor C21One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the capacitor C21The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D21Cathode and capacitor C22One terminal, diode D21The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C22The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D22Cathode and capacitor C23One terminal, diode D22The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on:
capacitor C2(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D2(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C2nOne terminal, diode D2(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C2nThe other end is connected with a diode D2nCathode, diode D2nAnode connected input power supplyThe other end;
……
by the way of analogy, the method can be used,
in the (m-1) -th module,
capacitor C(m-1)1One end connected to the input power supply and the capacitor C(m-1)1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)1Cathode and capacitor C(m-1)2One terminal, diode D(m-1)1The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C(m-1)2The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)2Cathode and capacitor C(m-1)3One terminal, diode D(m-1)2The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on, capacitance C(m-1)(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode D(m-1)(n-1)Cathode and capacitor C(m-1)nOne terminal, diode D(m-1)(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor C(m-1)nThe other end is connected with a diode D(m-1)nCathode, diode D(m-1)nThe anode is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
in the m-th module, the first module,
capacitor Cm1One end connected to the input power supply and the other end connected to the capacitor Cm1The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm1Cathode and capacitor Cm2One terminal, diode Dm1The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor Cm2The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm2Cathode and capacitor Cm3One terminal, diode Dm2The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
… … and so on, capacitance Cm(n-1)The other ends are respectively connected with a diode Dm(n-1)Cathode and capacitor CmnOne terminal, diode Dm(n-1)The anode of the power supply is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
capacitor CmnThe other end is connected with a diode DmnCathode, diode DmnThe anode is connected with the other end of the input power supply;
the connection among each module is as follows:
diode D in the first module11Cathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module21Anode of (2), diode D in the second module21Cathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module31… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)1Cathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulem1The anode of (1);
diode D in the first module12Cathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module22Anode of (2), diode D in the second module22Cathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module32… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)2Cathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulem2The anode of (1);
… … and so on,
diode D in the first module1nCathode of the second module is connected with a diode D in the second module2nAnode of (2), diode D in the second module2nCathode of the third module is connected with a diode D in the third module3n… … th diode D in the m-1 th module(m-1)nCathode of (3) is connected with a diode D in the m-th modulemnThe anode of (1);
capacitor Cm1One end and a load RLAre connected at one end to a load RLAnother terminal of (1) and a capacitor CmnThe other end is connected.
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Denomination of invention: A Modular High Gain Rectifier Circuit with Adjustable Input Port Numbers

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