CN110512090B - Treatment method of multi-material universal skull of electron beam cold bed smelting furnace - Google Patents
Treatment method of multi-material universal skull of electron beam cold bed smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, which comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a material raw material to be melted without replacing a skull after the melting of the current material raw material is finished; opening an electron beam pattern of an electron gun to set the electron beam pattern to cover the whole skull-solidifying range, and melting all the residual materials of the current materials on the upper part of the skull-solidifying shell around the molten pool; thirdly, jumping to an emptying step, wherein the melt in the molten pool in the melting cold bed area is firstly discharged into the refining cold bed area, flows along the melt and is discharged into the shunting cold bed and the crucible, and the melt is emptied until the melt cannot be discharged below the position of a runner port; feeding the material to be melted, and rapidly filling the material to be melted into the cooling beds in the regions; fifthly, jumping to an emptying step, and discharging the molten liquid of the material to be melted into the crucible, and emptying the molten liquid below the position of the runner port; sixthly, repeating the step five of the step four for 2-3 times to enable the upper components of the solidified shell to reach the components of the material to be melted; and seventhly, switching to a normal smelting step, and carrying out continuous blanking and smelting on the raw materials of the material to be smelted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation technology of an electron beam smelting ingot, in particular to a treatment method of a multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace.
Background
Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting (EBCHM) is a vacuum melting apparatus that performs high temperature refractory metal melting and purification using heat generated by electron beam bombardment in a vacuum state. The electron beam cold bed smelting has high smelting efficiency, and large-size round cast ingots and flat ingots can be obtained by smelting. For high-temperature refractory metals such as titanium, zirconium, niobium and the like, cast ingots and corresponding processing materials are obtained by electron beam cold bed smelting, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and good quality, and has a tendency of gradually replacing the traditional smelting process.
The electron beam furnace is provided with a water-cooled copper bed which is generally divided into a melting cold bed, a refining cold bed, a shunting cold bed and a crucible area, and electron beams bombard to form a temperature field so as to enable molten fluid to pass through each area for crystallization and molding. A skull is arranged between the melt flowing process and the water-cooled copper beds in all areas, and the skull is protected at the flow channel, so that the high temperature of the electron beam or the melt is prevented from directly contacting the cooling bed to damage equipment, and the pollution of the cooling bed material to the melting raw material is also avoided.
The electron beam cold hearth furnace used in industrial production is more than 2400KW so as to pursue large specification, high efficiency and long smelting period, and the cold hearth and the skull are developed in a large specification trend. The large-size cold bed skull has the advantages of larger surface area for refining and impurity removal, better refining effect, longer smelting period for smelting for multiple times, and no need of frequent opening of the furnace to clean the cold bed, thereby improving the efficiency and the productivity. The weight of the condensed shell of the electron beam cold hearth furnace with larger specification reaches nearly 2000 Kg.
At present, each grade generally adopted by the industry needs a solidified shell, and besides the high cost of a single solidified shell, the smelting of metals or alloys of different grades needs to be carried out for the exchange of the solidified shells, so that the production cost is high. And the solidified shell is switched by breaking the air and discharging the vacuum melting chamber, cleaning the melting chamber and then replacing the solidified shell with the corresponding mark. The production operation is almost equal to the conventional furnace cleaning process, the preparation process before smelting, such as the replacement process, the vacuum re-pumping and the like, usually takes more than 48 hours, and the production capacity is greatly influenced. The skull is mostly still solid under the condition of water cooling in smelting, only a small part of skull is contained in a molten pool above the skull, most of the molten pool is molten raw materials, and a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, so that the skull material components in the molten pool can be replaced by a certain technological method, so that the smelting grade can be switched without replacing the skull. The general treatment process method for the solidified shell can improve the productivity of 10-50 tons when the materials are switched every time, and simultaneously reduce the cost of the solidified shell material and the cleaning and replacing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for treating multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold hearth smelting furnace, which utilizes the arrangement of electron beam energy in different areas and corresponding smelting processes to continuously smelt different alloys of the same metal in the same smelting period without replacing skull, thereby reducing the number of skull preparations, lowering the cost, avoiding the shutdown for replacing the skull, reducing the preparation in front of the furnace and obviously improving the production efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a treatment method of multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the smelting of the material raw materials is finished, the skull is not replaced, and 300-500Kg of raw materials of the materials to be smelted are prepared;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, skipping to the cleaning step, setting an electron beam pattern to cover the range of all solidified shells, and melting all the excess materials of the current materials on the upper part of the solidified shells around the molten pool by the electron gun;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at the positions of all runner ports, firstly discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed region into a refining cold bed region, emptying the melt until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed region into narrow strips in the emptying step, discharging the melt into a flow splitting cold bed and a crucible along the flow of the melt, and similarly emptying until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
the electron gun keeps high emission current, the melting step is skipped, 100-200Kg of the raw materials of the materials to be melted in the first step are taken to be discharged from the raw material inlet, and the melted raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly filled in the cooling beds of all the areas to finish the melting;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging molten liquid of materials to be melted in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying the molten liquid to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeatedly melting and emptying:
repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 2-3 times to enable the upper components of the solidified shell to reach the components of the material to be melted;
step seven, normal smelting:
and (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and carrying out continuous blanking and smelting on the raw materials of the material to be smelted.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the materials to be melted in the first step are in a mixed bulk material state.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly fed from the raw material inlet in a vertical feeding mode.
And further, keeping the parameters of the electron gun and the cooling bed molten pool for 5-15min after the melting in the fourth step is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the conventional smelting production of metal raw materials with different materials needs to manufacture corresponding multiple sets of condensed shells, and the cost of one set or multiple sets of condensed shells can be saved by using the method for multiple materials to share the condensed shells;
(2) in the prior art, the replacement of the solidified shell needs blowing out and air releasing, the furnace needs to be vacuumized again after the replacement, the consumed time is more than 24 hours, the influence on the productivity is great, the continuous production can be realized by using a method of common solidified shell through 1-2 hours of operation, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
(3) the method is simple to operate, the operation of the method can be completed through the setting of the process parameters of the electron gun and the repeated blanking and emptying, and the actual production and application are simple and convenient;
(4) the quality of the smelting cast ingot is not affected, only a small part of the upper part of the skull is melted into the cooling bed molten pool, most of the molten pool is the melted raw material of the material to be melted, and the molten pool can reach the required component of the material to be melted through repeated blanking melting and emptying, and the influence cannot be generated in the subsequent continuous smelting;
in conclusion, the invention can realize direct continuous smelting without opening the furnace to release gas and replacing the solidified shell between the smelting of various raw materials made of different materials, thereby obviously reducing the cost of the solidified shell and improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a universal skull;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the electron beam cold hearth furnace of the ALD EBCHR 6/200/3600 type according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
A treatment method of multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the smelting of the material raw materials is finished, the skull is not replaced, and 300-500Kg of raw materials of the materials to be smelted are prepared;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, skipping to the cleaning step, setting an electron beam pattern to cover the range of all solidified shells, and melting all the excess materials of the current materials on the upper part of the solidified shells around the molten pool by the electron gun;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at the positions of all runner ports, firstly discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed region into a refining cold bed region, emptying the melt until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed region into narrow strips in the emptying step, discharging the melt into a flow splitting cold bed and a crucible along the flow of the melt, and similarly emptying until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
the electron gun keeps high emission current, the melting step is skipped, 100-200Kg of the raw materials of the materials to be melted in the first step are taken to be discharged from the raw material inlet, and the melted raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly filled in the cooling beds of all the areas to finish the melting;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging molten liquid of materials to be melted in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying the molten liquid to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeatedly melting and emptying:
repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 2-3 times to enable the upper components of the solidified shell to reach the components of the material to be melted;
step seven, normal smelting:
and (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and carrying out continuous blanking and smelting on the raw materials of the material to be smelted.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the materials to be melted in the first step are in a mixed bulk material state.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly fed from the raw material inlet in a vertical feeding mode.
And further, keeping the parameters of the electron gun and the cooling bed molten pool for 5-15min after the melting in the fourth step is finished.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
Example 1: TA10 smelting pure titanium solidified shell
Step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the smelting of pure titanium is finished, a skull is not replaced, 300-500KgTA10 raw materials are prepared, a TA10 raw material is prepared by uniformly mixing sponge titanium, Ti-Mo intermediate alloy and nickel sheets, electrodes are pressed and assembled and welded, 300Kg raw materials used in the beginning stage of smelting are in a mixed material bulk state without pressing the electrodes, and the raw materials are loaded and prepared in a rotary drum mode;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, jumping into a cleaning step, wherein the electron beam pattern is in a full skull condensation range, the emission currents of the No. 1-4 electron guns are 8.0A, 7.5A and 7.0A respectively, and all pure titanium remainders on the upper part of the skull condensation around a molten pool are melted;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at each runner port, discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed area into a refining cold bed area, emptying the melt until the melt is below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed area into narrow strips in the emptying step, then discharging the electron beam patterns into a shunting cold bed and a crucible in a flowing manner, and emptying until the electron beam patterns are below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
jumping to a melting step in the electron gun process step, wherein the emission currents of No. 1-6 electron guns are respectively 9.0A, 7.5A, 7.0A, 8.0A and 8.0A, TA10 raw material bulk materials are rapidly fed by a small amount in a rotary drum manner for about 100Kg in a multiple-time manner, the melted melt is rapidly filled in each area cooling bed, and then the parameters of the electron guns and a cooling bed molten pool are kept for 10 min;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging the molten liquid made of TA10 material in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeating melting and emptying
Repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 2 times to make the upper component of the solidified shell reach the component of the TA10 material;
step seven, normal smelting
And (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and continuously blanking and smelting the TA10 raw material.
The chemical composition test results of TA10 ingot produced by melting are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 TA10 chemical composition test results of ingot casting
Example 2: pure titanium skull melting TC4
Step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the smelting of pure titanium is finished, a skull is not replaced, the TC4 material is prepared by uniformly mixing sponge titanium, AlV intermediate alloy and aluminum beans, pressing and assembling and welding electrodes, 400Kg of the used material at the beginning of smelting is in a mixed material bulk state without pressing the electrodes, and feeding in a rotary drum manner;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, jumping into a cleaning step, wherein the electron beam pattern is in a full skull condensation range, the emission currents of the No. 1-4 electron guns are 8.5A, 7.5A and 7.0A respectively, and all pure titanium remainders on the upper part of the skull condensation around a molten pool are melted;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at each runner port, discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed area into a refining cold bed area, emptying the melt until the melt is below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed area into narrow strips in the emptying step, then discharging the electron beam patterns into a shunting cold bed and a crucible in a flowing manner, and emptying until the electron beam patterns are below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
jumping to a melting step in the electron gun process step, wherein the emission currents of 1-6 # electron guns are respectively 9.2A, 7.5A, 7.0A, 8.0A and 8.0A, TC4 raw material bulk materials are rapidly discharged by a small amount in a rotary drum manner for about 120Kg in multiple times, the melted melt is rapidly filled in each area cooling bed, and then the parameters of the electron guns and a cooling bed molten pool are kept for 5 min;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging the TC4 molten liquid in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeating melting and emptying
Repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 2 times to enable the upper component of the condensed shell to reach the component of the TC4 material;
step seven, normal smelting
And (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and continuously blanking and smelting the TC4 raw material.
The chemical composition test results of the TC4 ingot produced by melting are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition test results of TC4 ingot
Example 3: TC4 alloy skull melting TA2 pure titanium
Step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the TC4 alloy is smelted, a skull is not replaced, the TA2 material raw material is uniformly mixed by using sponge titanium and titanium dioxide, the raw material used for smelting is in a mixed bulk state without pressing electrodes, and the raw material is prepared by feeding in a rotary drum manner;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, jumping into a cleaning step, wherein the electron beam pattern is in a full skull-condensing range, the emission currents of the No. 1-4 electron guns are respectively 9.0A, 7.5A and 7.0A, and all surplus TC4 alloy on the upper part of the skull around a molten pool is melted;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at each runner port, discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed area into a refining cold bed area, emptying the melt until the melt is below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed area into narrow strips in the emptying step, then discharging the electron beam patterns into a shunting cold bed and a crucible in a flowing manner, and emptying until the electron beam patterns are below the position of the runner port and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
the process steps of the electron gun jump into the melting step, the emission currents of the No. 1-6 electron guns are respectively 9.5A, 7.5A, 7.0A, 8.2A and 8.2A, and TA2 raw material bulk materials are rapidly fed by a small amount in a rotary drum manner and are fed by 150Kg in a multiple mode. Rapidly filling the molten mass into cooling beds of various regions, and then keeping the parameters of an electron gun and a cooling bed molten pool for 15 min;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging the molten liquid made of TA2 material in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeating melting and emptying
Repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 3 times to enable the upper component of the solidified shell to reach the component of the TA2 material;
step seven, normal smelting
And (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and continuously blanking and smelting the TA2 raw material. The chemical composition test results of TA2 ingot produced by melting are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 chemical composition test results of TA2 ingot
The invention is not only suitable for the common use of the skull of titanium and titanium alloy, but also suitable for the common use of the skull in the electron beam melting of refractory metals such as zirconium, nickel, tungsten and the like. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the cooling bed of one form of the electron beam cooling bed smelting furnace, and the method is also suitable for preparing the skull of other various forms of the cooling bed smelting furnace, and can obviously reduce the cost.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles of the invention, its essential features and advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A processing method of multi-material universal skull of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing raw materials of materials to be melted:
after the smelting of the material raw materials is finished, the skull is not replaced, and 300-500Kg of raw materials of the materials to be smelted are prepared;
step two, condensed shell cleaning:
opening an electron gun, skipping to the cleaning step, setting an electron beam pattern to cover the range of all solidified shells, and melting all the excess materials of the current materials on the upper part of the solidified shells around the molten pool by the electron gun;
step three, molten pool emptying:
jumping to an emptying step, namely opening the energy of electron beam patterns at the positions of all runner ports, firstly discharging melt in a molten pool in a melting cold bed region into a refining cold bed region, emptying the melt until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged, setting the electron beam patterns in the refining cold bed region into narrow strips in the emptying step, discharging the melt into a flow splitting cold bed and a crucible along the flow of the melt, and similarly emptying until the melt is below the positions of the runner ports and cannot be discharged;
step four, melting the raw materials of the material to be melted:
the electron gun keeps high emission current, the melting step is skipped, 100-200Kg of the raw materials of the materials to be melted in the first step are taken to be discharged from the raw material inlet, and the melted raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly filled in the cooling beds of all the areas to finish the melting;
step five, molten pool emptying:
skipping to an emptying step, and sequentially discharging molten liquid of materials to be melted in the molten pool into the crucible and emptying the molten liquid to a position below the position of a runner port;
step six, repeatedly melting and emptying:
repeating the fourth step and the fifth step for 2-3 times to enable the upper components of the solidified shell to reach the components of the material to be melted;
step seven, normal smelting:
and (4) switching to a normal smelting step, and carrying out continuous blanking and smelting on the raw materials of the material to be smelted.
2. The method for treating the multi-material universal skull of the electron beam cold hearth smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the raw materials of the material to be melted are in a mixed bulk material state.
3. The method for treating the multi-material universal skull of the electron beam cold hearth smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, the raw materials of the materials to be melted are rapidly fed from the raw material inlet in a vertical feeding mode.
4. The method for treating the multi-material universal skull of the electron beam cold hearth smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: and keeping the parameters of the electron gun and the cooling bed molten pool for 5-15min after the melting in the fourth step is finished.
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| US4961776A (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1990-10-09 | Axel Johnson Metals, Inc. | Cold hearth refining |
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| CN103014374A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Process for establishing kish on smelting cold bed of EB (Electronic Beam) furnace |
| CN103667734A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-26 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting pure titanium to manufacture ingot heads by using electron beam cold bed smelting furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6007597A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-12-28 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Electron-beam melt refining of ferroniobium |
| US10188119B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2019-01-29 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc |
| CN101765703B (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2012-11-14 | 开利公司 | Rankine system with gravity-driven pump |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4961776A (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1990-10-09 | Axel Johnson Metals, Inc. | Cold hearth refining |
| CN102618733A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Smelting recovery method for pure titanium waste blocks |
| CN103014374A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 云南钛业股份有限公司 | Process for establishing kish on smelting cold bed of EB (Electronic Beam) furnace |
| CN103667734A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-26 | 攀枝花云钛实业有限公司 | Method for smelting pure titanium to manufacture ingot heads by using electron beam cold bed smelting furnace |
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