CN110485970A - A kind of exhaust sand control installation for oil well pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump, which includes a plunger, a pump barrel, a joint, a fixed valve assembly, an exhaust separator, and a sand control structure assembly. The plunger is in the pump barrel, the floating valve ball is in the ball seat of the plunger valve, the lower end of the pump barrel is connected to the upper liquid outlet of the fixed valve assembly, and the sand control structure assembly is set at the liquid inlet under the fixed valve assembly; The valve assembly includes the oil outlet housing, the lower joint of the fixed valve, the fixed valve ball, and the oil outlet valve cover. The lower joint of the valve communicates with the oil outlet valve cover through the oil outlet valve guide hole, the fixed valve ball is set at the oil outlet valve guide hole, the oil outlet housing is divided into left half and right half, and the exhaust separator is hoisted on the right Half; the sand control structure assembly includes a gravity settling cylinder and a centrifugal sand settler. The invention can significantly reduce the occurrence of sand jams and air locks that often occur in the pump.

Description

An exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump

Technical field:

The invention relates to the field of oil production engineering devices, in particular to an exhaust sand control device for oil well pumps.

Background technique:

With the deepening of oilfield exploitation, some oilfields in my country have entered the "three-high" stage of high water content, sand content and gas content, which has exposed the problems of traditional oil well pumps in the process of use. The structure is simple and it is only suitable for pumping. Liquid fluid containing impurities and a small amount of gas is not suitable for the coexistence of gas-solid-liquid three-phase or even multi-phase. In this regard, it is necessary to study a kind of exhaust sand control device suitable for high solid ratio and high gas ratio when the oil well pump is working.

Take the plunger oil well pump, an important facility for oilfield exploitation at present, as an example. During the working process, there is often sliding friction between the pump barrel and the plunger. During the oil pumping process, the sand phase rich in crude oil and impurities in the oil well If the solid phase such as material is pumped into the pump barrel during operation, it will cause serious partial wear of the plunger for a long time. Once partial wear occurs, on the one hand, it will damage the surface of the plunger and cause local abrasion. On the other hand, it will cause local heat The gluing phenomenon greatly shortens the service life of the oil well pump. When the gas phase exists, the pressure inside the traditional plunger pump will change, and the gas volume in the pump will change during the suction and discharge process. During the upstroke, due to the decrease in the pressure inside the pump, the condensed gas and dissolved gas in the liquid will be separated from the liquid, and the original free gas will expand, which will affect the suction process of the plunger pump; As the space decreases and the pressure increases, part of the condensate gas and dissolved gas may be re-dissolved in the liquid, affecting the opening and closing of the floating valve and the fixed valve. Long-term reciprocating work in this way will cause air lock phenomenon in severe cases, resulting in reduced pump efficiency.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of exhaust sand control device for oil well pump, this kind of exhaust sand control device for oil well pump is used to solve the common problems such as sand stuck and air lock in the operation process of oil well pump at present, thus causes The pumping efficiency and service life of the oil well pump are reduced.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the exhaust sand control device for the oil well pump includes a plunger, a pump barrel, a joint, a fixed valve assembly, an exhaust separator, a sand control structure assembly, a plunger In the pump barrel, the floating valve ball is in the ball seat of the plunger valve, the lower end of the pump barrel is connected to the liquid outlet at the upper end of the fixed valve assembly, and a sand control structure assembly is installed at the liquid inlet under the fixed valve assembly;

The fixed valve assembly includes the oil outlet housing, the lower joint of the fixed valve, the fixed valve ball, and the oil outlet valve cover. The lower joint of the fixed valve communicates with the oil outlet valve cover through the guide hole of the oil outlet valve. The fixed valve ball is set at the guide hole of the oil outlet valve. The oil outlet housing is divided into left half and right half. The bottom of the half and the right half are closed, the oil outlet valve cover communicates with the right half through the oil outlet valve guide hole, the right half has a cover, the exhaust separator is hoisted on the right half, and the outlet of the exhaust separator is connected to the wellbore The left half and the right half are connected through the oil outlet; the cavity formed by the exhaust separator and the right half is the exhaust cavity, and the exhaust separator is composed of spiral separation blades, exhaust cones, and exhaust tails. The rotary body formed by the pipe section from bottom to top, the exhaust cone section and the exhaust tail pipe section are evenly arranged with air outlets along the circumferential direction;

The sand control structure assembly includes a gravity settling cylinder and a centrifugal sand settling device. The gravity settling cylinder is a cylinder with a closed lower end, which has an annular sand settling chamber and a centrifugal sand settling chamber. , The centrifugal sand settling device is set in the centrifugal sand settling chamber, and the incoming liquid inlet plate is set on the upper part of the gravity settling cylinder.

In the above scheme, the centrifugal sand settler is an open cylinder composed of a straight cylinder section and an expanded diameter section. The expanded diameter section is located below the straight cylinder section. Centrifugal separation blades are arranged staggeredly at intervals, and blade exhaust holes are uniformly arranged on each centrifugal separation blade.

The shape of the exhaust chamber in the above scheme is similar to the shape of the inverted exhaust separator. Through the swirl action of the spiral separation blade, the gas phase of the light phase will gather near the exhaust tailpipe section and the exhaust cone section, and the exhaust chamber will It is further conducive to the accumulation of the gas phase in the exhaust tailpipe section and the exhaust cone section, so that the gas is discharged from the pump barrel through the outlet hole of the exhaust tailpipe section and the outlet hole of the exhaust cone section, which is conducive to the efficient operation of the pump.

In the above scheme, the annular grit chamber is composed of a grit chamber I and a grit II chamber, wherein the area between the liquid inlet plate and the grit I inlet forms a grit I chamber, and the grit I inlet is connected to the grit II inlet. The area between the entrances of the grit II stage forms the grit II chamber, the grit I chamber 13I and the grit II chamber 13II together form the effective grit space of the gravity settling cylinder; the upper end of the secondary grit chamber is set The seepage hole, the annular area between the seepage hole and the centrifugal sand settler forms a centrifugal sand settling cavity, which is the effective sand settling space of the centrifugal sand settler. The gravity sand settling space and the centrifugal sand settling space together form the sand control structure assembly.

In the above scheme, the plunger reciprocates up and down in the pump cylinder under the push of the pumping motor. During the upstroke, the fixed valve ball is opened, and the produced fluid passes through the gravity grit chamber of the first stage and the grit chamber of the second stage. The gravity of the phase itself acts as a preliminary sand control effect, and the produced fluid containing a relatively small amount of sand phase is then passed through the centrifugal sand settler for further sand control effect, and the produced liquid from the centrifugal sand settler contains a large amount of condensate gas and dissolved gas are discharged into the wellbore through the cyclone separation of the exhaust separator, and the liquid enters the pump barrel; during the downstroke, the fixed valve ball is closed, and the pump barrel squeezes the liquid and gas into the exhaust chamber, and is separated by exhaust. The cyclone separation effect of the pump discharges a small amount of gas in the pump chamber; this cycle makes the plunger pump play the purpose of exhausting and sand prevention, thereby improving the pump efficiency and prolonging the service life of the pump.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The invention ensures that the oil well pump is effective in sand control and also plays a key role in exhausting during the working process, which will significantly reduce the occurrence of sand jams and air locks that often occur in the pump.

2. The present invention proposes an exhaust and sand control device for oil well pumps to solve the technical difficulties encountered in the current oilfield exploitation stage.

3. The exhaust structure assembly arranged under the pump barrel and the sand control structure assembly based on the combination of gravity and centrifugal separation at the liquid inlet under the fixed valve assembly of the present invention not only achieve effective sand control effects, but also play an important role. The exhaust function reduces the sand jam problem caused by sand phase accumulation and the air lock problem caused by gas phase accumulation that often occur during the pump's working process.

4. Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a centrifugal sand settler in an exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an exhaust separator in an exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump according to the present invention.

In Figure 1 1. Sucker rod 2. Plunger 3. Pump barrel 4. Swimming valve ball 5. Exhaust separator 5-1. Exhaust tailpipe section 5-2. Exhaust cone section 5-3. Spiral separation Blade 5a. Exhaust tail pipe section air outlet 5b. Exhaust cone section air outlet 5I. Exhaust cavity 6. Oil outlet valve cover 6a. Oil outlet valve guide hole 7. Fixed valve ball 8. Fixed valve lower joint 9. Oil outlet Shell 9a. Oil outlet 10. Centrifugal sand settling device 10I. Centrifugal sand settling chamber 11. Sand settling device tangential sand outlet 12. Centrifugal separation blade 12a. Centrifugal separation blade exhaust hole 13. Gravity settling cylinder 13a. Seepage Hole 13b. Incoming liquid inlet plate 13c. Grit level I inlet 13d. Grit II level inlet 13I. Grit I level cavity 13II. Grit II level cavity 14. Wellbore.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

As shown in Figure 1, this exhaust sand control device for oil well pumps includes a plunger 2, a pump barrel 3, a joint, a fixed valve assembly, an exhaust separator 5, a sand control structure assembly, and a floating valve ball 4 In the ball seat of the plunger valve, the plunger 2 is inside the pump cylinder 3, the lower end of the pump cylinder 3 is connected to the upper port of the left half of the pump chamber of the oil outlet housing, and a sand control structure assembly is installed at the liquid inlet under the fixed valve assembly.

The fixed valve assembly includes an oil outlet housing 9, a fixed valve lower joint 8, a fixed valve ball 7, and an oil outlet valve cover 6. The fixed valve lower joint 8 is arranged at the lower port of the oil outlet housing 9, and the lower end of the oil outlet valve cover 6 is connected to the The lower joint 8 of the fixed valve is connected, the oil outlet valve cover 6 is buckled on the lower joint 8 of the fixed valve, and the oil outlet housing 9 is connected with the lower joint 8 of the fixed valve and the oil outlet valve cover 6 . The lower joint 8 of the fixed valve communicates with the oil outlet valve cover 6 through the oil outlet valve guide hole 6a. The oil outlet valve cover guide hole 6a is convenient for controlling the production fluid to enter the exhaust separation chamber first. The fixed valve ball 7 is arranged on the oil outlet valve cover 6, and located at the guide hole 6a of the oil outlet valve, the oil outlet housing 9 is divided into a left half and a right half, the oil outlet valve cover 6 closes the bottom of the left half and the right half, and the oil outlet valve cover 6 It communicates with the right half through the oil outlet valve guide hole 6a.

The lower end of the pump barrel 3 is installed with the left half of the oil outlet housing 9, the right half of the oil outlet housing 9 has a cover, and the exhaust separator 5 is connected with the right half of the oil outlet housing 9 by screwing, and the exhaust gas is separated. The tailpipe section 5-1 at the upper end of the device 5 and the surface of the exhaust cone section 5-2 are drilled to form the exhaust tailpipe section air outlet 5ba and the exhaust cone section air outlet 5b, and the lower end of the exhaust separator 5 is distributed with spiral separation blades 5-3. The outlet of the exhaust separator 5 communicates with the wellbore 14, and the left half and the right half communicate through the oil outlet 9a; the cavity formed by the exhaust separator 5 and the right half is the exhaust chamber 5I, and the exhaust separator 5 is A rotary body composed of spiral separation blades 5-3, exhaust cone section 5-2, and exhaust tailpipe section 5-1 from bottom to top. The exhaust cone section 5-2 and exhaust tailpipe section 5-1 are all along the circumferential direction Arrange the vent holes evenly. The exhaust separator 5 refers to the structure of the Lafal nozzle as a whole, and is connected by a variable-diameter circular pipe. The exhaust separator 5 isolates the right half of the oil outlet housing 9 into a shape similar to that of the inverted exhaust separator 5. The same space, that is, the exhaust cavity 5I; through the swirl action of the spiral separation blade 5-3, the gas phase of the light phase will gather near the exhaust tailpipe section 5-1 and the exhaust cone section 5-2, and the two sides are inverted The exhaust chamber 5I of the exhaust gas will further facilitate the accumulation of the gas phase in the tailpipe section and the cone section, so that the gas will be discharged from the pump barrel through the outlet hole 5a of the exhaust tailpipe section and the outlet hole 5b of the exhaust cone section, which is conducive to the efficient operation of the pump.

The sand control structure assembly includes a gravity settling cylinder 13 and a centrifugal sand settling device 10. The gravity settling cylinder 13 is a cylinder with a closed lower end, which has an annular grit chamber and a centrifugal grit chamber 10I. The chamber 10I is external and communicated. The centrifugal sand settling device 10 is installed in the centrifugal sand chamber 10I, and the upper part of the gravity settling cylinder 13 is provided with an incoming liquid inlet plate 13b. The area between the incoming liquid inlet plate 13b and the grit I level inlet 13c forms the grit I level chamber 13I, and the area between the grit I level inlet 13c and the grit II level inlet 13d forms the grit II level cavity 13II , The grit I stage chamber 13I and the grit II stage chamber 13II together constitute the effective grit chamber of the gravity settling cylinder 13 . The annular area between the seepage hole 13 a and the centrifugal sand settler 10 forms a centrifugal sand settling cavity 10I, which is an effective sand settling space of the centrifugal sand settler 10 . The gravity sand settling space and the centrifugal sand settling space together form the sand control structure assembly.

The lower joint 8 of the fixed valve is connected with the centrifugal sand settler 10 , and the whole centrifugal sand settler 10 is placed in the gravity settling cylinder 13 . Finally, the entire exhaust sand-proof plunger oil well pump is lowered into the inside of the pump barrel 3 . The centrifugal sand settler 10 is an open cylinder body composed of a straight cylinder section and an enlarged diameter section. The expanded diameter section is located below the straight cylinder section. The sand outlet 11 is evenly arranged on the upper part of the expanded diameter section. The inner wall of the expanded diameter section is spaced Centrifugal separation blades 12 are arranged in a staggered manner, and each centrifugal separation blade 12 is uniformly provided with exhaust holes 12 a of the centrifugal separation blades.

When the present invention works, the plunger 2 reciprocates up and down driven by the motor. When the plunger 2 moves upward, the space inside the pump cylinder 3 becomes larger, the pressure decreases, the floating valve ball 4 closes, and the fixed valve ball 7 sinks. It is opened under the action of the pressure difference between the pump chamber and the pump chamber, and the production fluid enters the first-stage grit chamber 13I from the incoming liquid inlet, and part of the sand phase settles at the bottom of the first-stage grit chamber 13I due to its own gravity, and the gradually rising production fluid passes through The grit I level inlet 13c enters into the grit II level chamber 13II. At this time, part of the sand phase will also settle at the bottom of the grit II level chamber 13II due to its own gravity. At this time, the production fluid containing a small amount of sand phase will The sand level II inlet 13d enters the centrifuge separation chamber, and the grit II level inlet 13d on both sides is equivalent to two tangential liquid inlets, so that the production fluid moves upward at a certain tangential speed. Inside the sander 10, the centrifuged blade 12 will further accelerate the rotation. At this time, the sand phase will move close to the side wall due to the centrifugal effect, and thus be thrown out from the sander tangentially to the sand outlet 11. The sand phase Entering into the centrifugal grit chamber 10I, the upper end of the centrifugal grit chamber 10I is provided with a seepage hole 13a to prevent the deposition of the sand phase and production fluid in the grit chamber, so that it can seep back into the grit II chamber 13II, and the centrifuge The blade 12 has been drilled, so that there are a certain number of centrifugal separation blade exhaust holes 12a in the body, which facilitates the upward movement of the gas inside the production fluid, and better flows into the next part of the gas-liquid separation chamber for gas-liquid separation. . At this time, the production fluid that has undergone effective sand control and has not been exhausted enters the oil outlet valve cover 6 through the fixed valve ball 7, and the production fluid enters the exhaust chamber 5I through the oil outlet valve guide hole 6a. Out of the liquid, after the swirling separation of the spiral separation blade 5-3, the gas phase gathers on the surface of the exhaust tailpipe section 5-1 and the exhaust cone section 5-2 of the exhaust separator 5, and the accumulated gas passes through the exhaust tailpipe section The air outlet hole 5a and the air outlet hole 5b of the exhaust cone section are discharged out of the pump barrel. Due to the principle of swirl separation, the liquid moving near the side wall enters the pump chamber through the oil outlet hole 9a, reducing the condensate gas and dissolved gas. When the plunger 2 moves downward, the space in the pump barrel 3 decreases, the floating valve ball 4 opens under pressure, the fixed valve ball 7 closes, the pump barrel squeezes the gas-containing production fluid into the exhaust chamber 5I, and Exhaust separator 5 has a cyclone separation function, and then discharges a small amount of gas in the pump chamber. Repeat this to complete the oil pumping, exhaust and sand control work of the plunger pump.

The invention enables the oil well pump to exhaust gas and prevent sand during the working process, and significantly reduces the frequent occurrence of problems such as sand jams and air locks in the pump.

Claims (5)

1. An exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump, characterized in that: the exhaust sand control device for an oil well pump includes a plunger (2), a pump barrel (3), a joint, a fixed valve assembly, an exhaust Gas separator (5), sand control structure assembly, plunger (2) in the pump barrel (3), floating valve ball (4) in the plunger valve ball seat, the lower end of the pump barrel (3) connected to the fixed valve assembly The upper liquid outlet is formed, and the sand control structure assembly is installed at the incoming liquid inlet under the fixed valve assembly; The fixed valve assembly includes the oil outlet housing (9), the lower joint of the fixed valve (8), the fixed valve ball (7), the oil outlet valve cover (6), and the lower joint of the fixed valve (8) is arranged on the oil outlet housing ( 9) At the lower port, the oil outlet valve cover (6) is snapped onto the lower joint of the fixed valve (8), and the lower joint of the fixed valve (8) communicates with the oil outlet valve cover (6) through the oil outlet valve guide hole (6a). The fixed valve ball (7) is set at the guide hole (6a) of the oil outlet valve, the oil outlet housing (9) is divided into a left half and a right half, and the oil outlet valve cover (6) separates the left half and the right half The bottom of the part is closed, the oil outlet valve cover (6) communicates with the right half through the oil outlet valve guide hole (6a), the right half has a cover, the exhaust separator (5) is hoisted on the right half, and the exhaust gas is separated The outlet of the device (5) communicates with the wellbore (14), and the left half and the right half communicate through the oil outlet hole (9a); the cavity formed by the exhaust separator (5) and the right half is the exhaust chamber (5I) , the exhaust separator (5) is a rotary body composed of spiral separation blades (5-3), exhaust cone section (5-2), and exhaust tailpipe section (5-1) from bottom to top, and the exhaust cone section (5-2), the exhaust tailpipe section (5-1) are uniformly arranged with air outlet along the circumferential direction; The sand control structure assembly includes a gravity settling cylinder (13) and a centrifugal sand settling device (10). The sand chamber is surrounded by the centrifugal sand chamber (10I) and communicated with each other. The centrifugal sand chamber (10) is arranged in the centrifugal sand chamber (10I), and the incoming liquid inlet plate (13b) is arranged on the upper part of the gravity settling cylinder. 2. The exhaust sand control device for oil well pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that: the centrifugal sand settler (10) is an open cylinder body composed of a straight cylinder section and a diameter-expanding section, and the diameter-expanding section Located under the straight barrel section, the upper part of the expanding section is uniformly provided with tangential sand outlets (11) of the sand chamber, and the inner wall of the expanding section is provided with centrifugal separation blades (12) alternately at intervals, and each centrifugal separation blade (12) is uniformly arranged Centrifuge the vane vent (12a). 3. The exhaust sand control device for oil well pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: the shape of the exhaust cavity (5I) is similar to that of the inverted exhaust separator, and the helical separation blade (5I) -3) due to the swirling effect, the gas phase of the light phase will gather near the exhaust tailpipe section (5-1) and the exhaust cone section (5-2), and the exhaust cavity (5I) will further facilitate the gas phase in the exhaust The tailpipe section and the exhaust cone section are assembled so that the gas is discharged from the pump barrel through the outlet hole (5a) of the exhaust tailpipe section and the outlet hole (5b) of the exhaust cone section. 4. The exhaust sand control device for oil well pump according to claim 3, characterized in that: said annular grit chamber is composed of grit chamber I (13I) and grit II chamber (13II), The area between the incoming liquid inlet plate (13b) and the grit I level inlet (13c) forms the grit I level cavity (13I), and the grit I level inlet (13c) and the grit II level inlet (13d) The area in between forms the grit chamber II (13II), and the grit I chamber (13I) and the grit II chamber (13II) together form the effective grit space of the gravity settling cylinder; the upper end of the secondary grit chamber A seepage hole (13a) is provided, and the annular area between the seepage hole (13a) and the centrifugal sand chamber (10) forms a centrifugal sand chamber (10I). 5. The exhaust sand control device for oil pump according to claim 4, characterized in that: the plunger (2) moves up and down in the pump cylinder (3) under the push of the oil pump motor , during the upstroke, the fixed valve ball (7) is opened, and the production fluid passes through the gravity grit chamber (13I) and the grit chamber (13II) to play a preliminary sand control function based on the gravity of the sand phase itself, containing A relatively small amount of sand-phase produced fluid passes through the centrifugal sand settler (10) to achieve a further sand control effect. The produced liquid from the centrifugal sand settler (10) contains a large amount of condensate gas and dissolved gas. The cyclone separation effect of the gas separator (5) is discharged into the wellbore (14), and the liquid enters the pump barrel (3); during the downstroke, the fixed valve ball (7) is closed, and the pump barrel squeezes the liquid and gas into the exhaust Cavity (5I), through the cyclone separation of the exhaust separator (5), a small amount of gas in the pump cavity is discharged; such a cycle makes the plunger oil well pump play the purpose of exhausting and sand prevention, thereby improving pump efficiency and prolonging pump life. service life.