CN110470859A - A method of for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow - Google Patents
A method of for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN110470859A CN110470859A CN201910904246.4A CN201910904246A CN110470859A CN 110470859 A CN110470859 A CN 110470859A CN 201910904246 A CN201910904246 A CN 201910904246A CN 110470859 A CN110470859 A CN 110470859A
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- flow
- air
- speed
- pressure
- pitot tube
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/14—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
- G01P5/16—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow, it is only necessary to which direction speed can be directly obtained by measuring two pressure i.e. one group of differential pressure.Measurement is easy and greatly reduces measurement cost.By comparison, it was found that the equidirectional speed maximum absolute deviation of mean that direction speed measurement method measured value proposed by the invention and traditional five hole needles are analyzed is 4.72m/s, maximum relative deviation is 5.96%, accuracy is very high, can be accurately obtained the direction speed of air-flow.It solves conventional air direction velocity magnitude measurement method missing, is needed when testing the speed using three-dimensional flow measuring instrument, determine all directions speed further according to three-dimensional flow result.There are use costs it is high, use condition is stringent, complicated for operation the problems such as.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aero-engine air system fields, are related to a kind of for the survey of air system interior air-flow direction speed
The method of amount.
Background technique
Fuel gas temperature can be correspondingly improved aero-engine thrust ratio before promoting aero-turbine import, turbine into
Motor power corresponding to every 55 DEG C of the raising of fuel gas temperature about can be improved 10% before mouthful.Currently, modern aeroengine turbine
Leading edge temperature has been up to 2000K, considerably beyond the heatproof upper limit of metal material selected by engine, by raising material
Heat resistance is more and more difficult to promote engine performance, more to need to extract Cryogenic air from compressor and by starting
Stream air system to carry out turbine high-temperature component effectively cooling in machine.
In modern aeroengine it is interior stream air system in gas flow account for about the total charge flow rate of engine 20%~
30%, these gases mainly have the control cool down to engine hot parts, obturage, preventing combustion gas invasion, bearing axial load
The effects of processed, directly affects engine operation reliability and working life.The flow passage structure of air system is sufficiently complex, therefore
Cooling air flowing is also sufficiently complex.Air-flow passes through air velocity direction after all kinds of restricting elements such as hole, nozzle or turn quiet disk chamber
All changed with size, and accurately measures certain design of direction velocity magnitude for air system of air system interior air-flow
It is of great significance, such as the size of circumferential speed is most important for obtaining Field Characteristics.
Current existing flow-speed measurement method mainly has five-hole probe, three-dimensional hot-wire anemometer, Doppler laser velocimeter
With ion image tachymeter, these speed-measuring method measured values are three-dimensional flow, and five hole needles need to measure the pressure in five directions
Power obtains three-dimensional flow in turn, and measurement is complicated；Doppler laser velocimeter and ion image tachymeter are non-contact measuring instrument,
Measurement cost is high, complicated for operation.It is not complete using these instruments when only needing to obtain air system interior air-flow direction speed
It is complete necessary, need the easier method being easy to get.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems to be solved
In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes that a kind of air system interior air-flow direction speed that is used for is surveyed
The method of amount overcomes the problems, such as that existing flow-speed measurement method measurement is complicated, measurement cost is high, complicated for operation.
Technical solution
A method of for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
Step 1: using CFD numerical value software for calculation to needing the fluid velocity size measured and direction to estimate, obtaining
The general speed and all directions velocity magnitude of air-flow at required measurement measuring point；
Step 2: in the case where the directional velocity that Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point, that is, Pitot tube L shape short end alignment needs to measure,
According to CFD calculated result, the lesser hydrostatic measuring point direction of speed is chosen on Pitot tube as hydrostatic measuring point；
Step 3: retaining hydrostatic measuring point obtained in stagnation pressure measuring point and the step 2 on Pitot tube, to remaining is quiet on Pitot tube
Pressure measuring point is sealed；
Step 4: the point position measured needed for Pitot tube is fixed on, the speed that the alignment of Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point needs to measure
Spend direction and respectively by stagnation pressure pressure guiding pipe and static pressure pressure guiding pipe cut-in pressure table；
Step 5: when experiment, the stagnation pressure and static pressure of Pitot tube are measured, according to measuring differential pressure and Bernoulli equation is calculated
Airflow direction velocity magnitude:
In formula, V- airflow direction speed, m/s；PtAirflow direction stagnation pressure, Pa；P0Air-flow static pressure, Pa；ρ-current density,
kg/m3。
Beneficial effect
A kind of method for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow proposed by the present invention, it is only necessary to measure two pressure
I.e. one group of differential pressure can directly obtain direction speed.Measurement is easy and greatly reduces measurement cost.By comparison, it was found that this hair
The equidirectional speed maximum absolute deviation of mean that bright proposed direction speed measurement method measured value and traditional five hole needles are analyzed
For 4.72m/s, maximum relative deviation is 5.96%, and accuracy is very high, can be accurately obtained the direction speed of air-flow.It solves
Conventional air direction velocity magnitude measurement method missing, needs when testing the speed using three-dimensional flow measuring instrument, further according to three-dimensional flow
Fast result determines all directions speed.There are use costs it is high, use condition is stringent, complicated for operation the problems such as.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 rotating hole speed vector figure
Fig. 2 measuring device layout drawing
Fig. 3 measuring device layout drawing
Fig. 4 eddy flow orifice plate schematic diagram
Fig. 5 Pitot tube schematic diagram
In figure: 1 pre- capstan, 2 pre- trepanning, 3 casings, 4 Pitot tube positions, 5 Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring points, 6-1,6-2 Pitot tube
Hydrostatic measuring point, 7 total pressure passageway, 8 static pressure channels
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with embodiment, attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
The present invention is used basic ideas by the measurement for solving the problems, such as air system interior air-flow direction speed to measure air-flow
Stagnation pressure and air-flow static pressure on certain direction recycle Bernoulli equation to determine air velocity size.
Step 1: using CFD numerical value software for calculation to needing the fluid velocity size measured and direction to estimate, obtaining
The general speed of air-flow and all directions velocity magnitude at required measuring point.
Step 2: Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point, which surveys voltage-controlled i.e. Pitot tube L shape short end, need to be directed at the speed incoming flow side for needing to measure
To each hydrostatic measuring point direction of Pitot tube has also been fixed when stagnation pressure measuring point direction is fixed, according to CFD calculated result, access speed
Lesser hydrostatic measuring point direction is as hydrostatic measuring point.When stagnation pressure measuring point speed is greater than ten times of hydrostatic measuring point speed, the method
Bring relative error is only 0.5%.
Step 3: retaining hydrostatic measuring point obtained in stagnation pressure measuring point and the step 2 on Pitot tube, to remaining is quiet on Pitot tube
Pressure measuring point is sealed.
Step 4: the point position measured needed for Pitot tube is fixed on, the speed that the alignment of Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point needs to measure
Spend direction of flow and respectively by stagnation pressure pressure guiding pipe and static pressure pressure guiding pipe cut-in pressure table.
Step 5: carrying out experiment, read stagnation pressure and static pressure size that Pitot tube measures, exerted according to differential pressure and formula 1 i.e. uncle is measured
Sharp equation calculation obtains airflow direction velocity magnitude.
In formula, V- airflow direction speed, m/s；PtAirflow direction stagnation pressure, Pa；P0Air-flow static pressure, Pa；ρ-current density,
kg/m3。
In air system, when needing the airflow direction that measures for circumferential air velocity, the selection of hydrostatic measuring point can be with
According to following principle: air-flow be it is axial prewhirl air inlet when, air-flow has larger circumferential speed and an axial velocity, and radial velocity compared with
It is small, it can select and arrange pressure tap radially to replace static pressure；Air-flow be it is radial prewhirl air inlet when, air-flow has larger circumferential speed
Degree and radial velocity, and axial velocity is smaller, can select in axial direction and arrange pressure tap to replace static pressure.
In short, the airflow direction speed measurement method is the direction stagnation pressure of measurement direction needed for measuring air-flow, further according to
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION situation selection reasonable Arrangement static pressure hole carrys out approximate replacement air-flow static pressure and then obtains air-flow side according to Bernoulli equation
To speed.
For the error for controlling this direction speed measurement method, the applicable elements of given the method are needed.When not considering system
When error only considers to substitute bring error by hydrostatic measuring point, following error analysis can be carried out:
Assuming that the true static pressure of measuring point is P0, the direction stagnation pressure size that measures at stagnation pressure measuring point are as follows:
In formula, PtThe direction stagnation pressure measured, Pa；P0True static pressure, Pa at measuring point.VtDirection stagnation pressure measuring point air-flow is true
Direction speed, m/s.
And the approximate static pressure measured at hydrostatic measuring point are as follows:
In formula, P(0)Static pressure, Pa, V are measured at measuring pointSHydrostatic measuring point air velocity, m/s；.
Know the airflow direction speed measured are as follows:
V in formula(t)The airflow direction speed that measuring point measures, m/s.
It may infer that by formula (5):
WhenWhen, it is known that 0.995Vt≤V(t)≤Vt (6)
Therefore work as and meet measuring point velocity magnitude satisfaction:When, airflow direction speed that such method is calculated
It is no more than 0.5% with genuine flow direction speed relative deviation.
The relative error under different condition, i.e. table 1 can be listed according to formula (5):
| Airflow direction speed/hydrostatic measuring point speed (Vt/VS) | Relative error |
| 10 | 0.5% |
| 5 | 1.2% |
| 3 | 6% |
Embodiment 1:
In conjunction with attached drawing 1, air-flow axial admission passes through inclined hole 2 after reaching the static eddy flow tray 1 of diagram, and airflow direction changes
Become, is provided with circumferential speedGeneral speed VoutIt is θ with axial angle.The size and speed of incoming flow size of flow-deviation angle degree θ
It is related with direction, the deflection angle of pre- trepanning, the draw ratio of pre- trepanning, when speed of incoming flow size and direction determine, when prewhirling
After the draw ratio in hole reaches certain value, flow-deviation angle degree θ is equal with pre- trepanning deflection angle.
From attached drawing 1 also it is found that obtaining airflow direction speed such as circumferential speedSize to obtain airflow characteristic extremely
Close it is important, can be with calculated gas flow speed ratio, air-flow and axis angle etc., and then predicted flow rate coefficient magnitude.
Speed ratio calculation formula:
In formula, β-speed ratio；Air-flow circumferential speed, m/s；W- rotor velocity, rad/s；The locality r- rotor radius,
m。
Air-flow angle is as shown in Figure 1, calculation formula:
In formula, θ-air-flow and axis angle；VXAir-flow axial velocity, m/s.
It is typical eddy flow generation device and measuring device layout drawing in air system, wherein 1 in conjunction with attached drawing 2, attached drawing 3
It is eddy flow inclined hole for eddy flow tray, 2,3 be outside casing, and 4 indicate Pitot tube position.Air-flow generates eddy flow after passing through eddy flow tray, side
To changing, Pitot tube is arranged in air-flow outflow whirl hole side, can be used to measure the circumferential speed of air-flow outflow whirl hole
Degree.
It is Pitot tube structural schematic diagram in conjunction with attached drawing 4, wherein 5 be stagnation pressure measuring point, the air-flow measured required for the alignment of direction
Circumferential speed, 6-1,6-2 are hydrostatic measuring point, and wherein 6-1 is radial position hydrostatic measuring point, and 6-2 is axial position hydrostatic measuring point.7
It draws stagnation pressure tube and connects differential pressure type scanning valve stagnation pressure channel measurement pressure, 8 extraction static tubes connect differential pressure type scanning valve static pressure channel and survey
Measure pressure.Wherein hydrostatic measuring point arranges four direction, needs to choose suitable hydrostatic measuring point according to the actual situation, closes remaining survey
Point, when needing to control relative error within 0.5%, stagnation pressure direction speed needs ten times greater than static pressure direction speed.Difference
Pressure scanning valve can calculate air-flow circumferential speed according to formula (1) after measuring differential pressure.
Embodiment 2:
Air-flow axial admission as shown in the figure, airflow direction changes after the eddy flow orifice plate shown in the attached drawing 2, obtains one
The circumferential speed for determining size, when needing to know air-flow circumferential speedWhen, it can choose and obtained using this direction speed measurement method
Obtain circumferential speedSize.Eddy flow orifice plate design parameter such as table 2:
Table 2: eddy flow orifice plate design parameter
| Whirl hole board diameter | 304mm |
| Whirl hole radial position | 115mm |
| Eddy flow bore dia | 7mm |
| Whirl hole axial angle | 45° |
Step 1: suitable hydrostatic measuring point need to be chosen on Pitot tube.Since the eddy flow orifice plate is axial air inlet of prewhirling, because
This air-flow axial velocity and circumferential speed numerical value are larger, and numerical value calculates multiple operating conditions the result shows that radial velocity is equal after eddy flow orifice plate
Less than 1m/s, and the measuring point circumferential speed under different operating conditions is all larger than 10m/s, meets the applicable elements that relative error is 0.5%,
Therefore remaining hydrostatic measuring point is closed, selection Pitot tube radial position pressure-measuring-point 6-1 measurement result is static pressure force value.
Step 2: measuring device Pitot tube is arranged.Pitot tube is apart from whirl hole plate axial position 10mm, radial position
It is set to whirl hole the center point.It is Pitot tube measurement locations in conjunction with attached drawing 1,2,4 indicate Pitot tube.Respectively by stagnation pressure pressure guiding pipe and quiet
Pressure guiding pipe access differential pressure type is pressed to scan valve.
Step 3: reading differential pressure, air-flow circumferential speed is acquired according to formula (1).
It is all for the air-flow at same position using five holes herein for the correctness for verifying the proposed measurement method of this patent
It is measured to speed.
Five hole needles and Pitot tube are arranged in same radial position and axial position after eddy flow orifice plate, circumferential angle is
180°.Then the velocity magnitude and direction measured to five hole needles are handled, and obtain the size of circumferential speed, are surveyed with Pitot tube
Amount data are compared, and verify the correctness of Pitot tube measurement direction speed.
The experiment condition of this measurement is given in table 3, and circumferential speed measured by five hole needles is compared with Pitot tube,
As can be seen that circumferential speed measured by Pitot tube is maximum absolutely inclined with circumferential speed measured by five hole needles from experimental data
Difference is 4.72m/s, and maximum relative deviation is 5.96%, it can be seen that Pitot tube is high to the accuracy of measurement of direction speed, has
Engineering application value.
Table 3: Test Cycle comparison
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for the direction tachometric survey of air system interior air-flow, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
Step 1: using CFD numerical value software for calculation to needing the fluid velocity size measured and direction to estimate, obtaining required
Measure the general speed and all directions velocity magnitude of air-flow at measuring point；
Step 2: in the case where the directional velocity that Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point, that is, Pitot tube L shape short end alignment needs to measure, according to
CFD calculated result, choose Pitot tube on the lesser hydrostatic measuring point direction of speed as hydrostatic measuring point；
Step 3: retaining hydrostatic measuring point obtained in stagnation pressure measuring point and the step 2 on Pitot tube, remaining static pressure on Pitot tube is surveyed
Point is sealed；
Step 4: the point position measured needed for Pitot tube is fixed on, the speed side that the alignment of Pitot tube stagnation pressure measuring point needs to measure
To and respectively by stagnation pressure pressure guiding pipe and static pressure pressure guiding pipe cut-in pressure table；
Step 5: when experiment, the stagnation pressure and static pressure of Pitot tube are measured, according to measuring differential pressure and air-flow is calculated in Bernoulli equation
Direction velocity magnitude:
In formula, V- airflow direction speed, m/s；PtAirflow direction stagnation pressure, Pa；P0Air-flow static pressure, Pa；ρ-current density, kg/
m3。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910904246.4A CN110470859B (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Method for measuring direction and speed of airflow in air system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910904246.4A CN110470859B (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Method for measuring direction and speed of airflow in air system |
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| CN110470859A true CN110470859A (en) | 2019-11-19 |
| CN110470859B CN110470859B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111856072A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-30 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Air flow speed calculation method, system and equipment and storage medium |
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