CN110449623B - Multi-hole simultaneous processing device and processing method suitable for multiple types of steel rails - Google Patents
Multi-hole simultaneous processing device and processing method suitable for multiple types of steel rails Download PDFInfo
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- CN110449623B CN110449623B CN201811650615.3A CN201811650615A CN110449623B CN 110449623 B CN110449623 B CN 110449623B CN 201811650615 A CN201811650615 A CN 201811650615A CN 110449623 B CN110449623 B CN 110449623B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
- B23B39/16—Drilling machines with a plurality of working-spindles; Drilling automatons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/15—Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work
- B23Q3/154—Stationary devices
- B23Q3/1543—Stationary devices using electromagnets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-shaft simultaneous drilling device and a multi-shaft simultaneous machining method, which respectively and simultaneously move in multiple shafts, realize drilling of hole groups of different rail head holes through lifting adjustment of a gear box, simultaneously automatically finish mechanical chamfering machining of two sides of the holes, and are applicable to multiple types of steel rails, and comprise a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein a lifting gear box and a front lifting gear box are oppositely arranged on a frame in front and back directions in a overlooking view, the relative space of the rear lifting gear box and the front lifting gear box is the machined space of the steel rails, the rear lifting gear box is provided with a plurality of drilling cutters on the servo motor controlled by the transfer of each main shaft downwards, the front lifting gear box is provided with a plurality of chamfering cutters under the servo motor controlled by the transfer of each main shaft upwards, the steel rail conveying track is opposite to the inlet of the steel rail processed space formed by the rear lifting gear box and the front lifting gear box, and one side of the steel rail processed space is provided with a steel rail end limiting mechanism for limiting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-shaft simultaneous processing device and a multi-shaft simultaneous processing method which respectively and simultaneously act, realize hole group drilling of different rail head holes through lifting adjustment of a gear box, simultaneously automatically finish mechanical chamfering work on two sides of the holes, and are suitable for multi-hole simultaneous processing devices and processing methods of multi-type steel rails, and belongs to the manufacturing field of special multi-hole processing devices of steel rails.
Background
1. CN106938347a, named "multi-hole drill", aims at providing a device capable of simultaneously drilling multiple holes axially at different positions of a circular workpiece, its structure is: the motor is fixed on the bracket, and a key on the main transmission shaft connected with the motor is axially in sliding fit with a key groove on an inner hole of a driving gear set on the main transmission shaft. The large gear positioning column and the driven gear set are fixed on the same shaft and are movably matched with a central positioning hole on the support, a plurality of circumferential gears are meshed with the large gear, a drill clamp clamps impact or alloy embedding drill bits are arranged in the circumferential gears, the cross sections of the circumferential gears are identical to the cross sections of the peripheries of the drill clamps, the drill clamps penetrate through the polygonal inner holes of the circumferential gears, the upper ends of the drill clamps are larger and blocked outside the holes, a spring is sleeved at the thinner part of the middle part of the spring, and the spring is propped against the upper ports of the polygonal inner holes of the circumferential gears. The motor drives the driving gear set, the driven gear set, the large gear and the circumferential gear to rotate, the drill bit on the circumferential gear simultaneously drills holes at different circumferential positions of the workpiece, and the gear lever on the driving gear set is shifted to change the meshing combination of the driving gear set and the driven gear set.
2. CN105710408A, name "a multi-hole drilling machine", including workstation, support, base, controller and power device, be equipped with support and elevating gear on the base, the workstation is fixed to be located on the elevating gear, be equipped with quick-operation joint on the elevating gear, quick-operation joint passes through high-pressure rubber tube with power device and is connected, the workstation top is fixed to be equipped with many drill bit frame, many drill bit frame are fixed to be located on the support, be equipped with the motor on the support, be equipped with the drill bit device on the many drill bit frame, the drill bit device passes through electrical lead and motor looks adaptation, the controller is located on many drill bit frame, controller and elevating gear and drill bit device looks adaptation.
3. CN103962601B, entitled "an adjustable hole site multi-hole drill", comprising a base plate, a driving gear provided with a driving shaft pivoted with the base plate, a motor connected with the base plate and having an output shaft connected with the driving shaft, three to eight internal driven gears provided with driven shafts pivoted with the base plate and meshed with the driving gear; the method is characterized in that: the adjustable hole site multi-hole drill also comprises two side plates, wherein the upper ends of the side plates are connected with the base plate through screws, the adjusting plates are connected with the lower ends of the side plates through screws, and the number of the adjusting plates is the same as that of the inner driven gears; the drilling assembly comprises a universal coupling, a drill sleeve and a drill bit, wherein the upper connecting shaft is in transmission connection with a driven shaft, the drill sleeve is in transmission connection with the lower connecting shaft of the universal coupling and pivoted with the adjusting plate, and the drill bit is detachably connected with the drill sleeve; a transverse mounting plate is arranged between the two side plates; the upper connecting shaft is pivoted with the transverse mounting plate; an electromagnetic clutch is arranged between the upper connecting shaft and the driven shaft.
The above background art does not relate to the multi-shaft drilling method, which is used for drilling holes for different track heads through lifting adjustment of a gear box and simultaneously and automatically completing the requirements of mechanical chamfering process on two sides of the holes.
4. In the process of laying a track with a slotted line, in order to meet the butt joint condition of the rail end of a steel rail, a short rail is connected to a long rail, and joint bolt holes (also called as track head holes, the number of which is 3, the aperture, the hole height and the hole spacing are different due to the change of the rail) are drilled at the rail end, so that joint clamping plates are installed for track connection. The types of the domestic common steel rail are two types of 50kg/m steel rail and 60kg/m steel rail, and the aperture, the height and the spacing of the track head holes of the two types of steel rail are shown in figures 2 and 3. In the traditional manufacturing process, a mode of hole-by-hole manufacturing is generally adopted by general equipment aiming at joint bolt holes, or special drilling equipment is adopted, and three shafts simultaneously act to finish drilling of three track head holes. However, in the application process, the hole-by-hole drilling mode has the problems of low efficiency and high labor intensity. The special drilling equipment is used for simultaneously drilling three holes, so that the special drilling equipment cannot adapt to the working conditions of frequent replacement of 50kg/m steel rails and 60kg/m steel rails in the process of industrial operation, and has certain limitations, so that the multi-hole simultaneous drilling automatic equipment is required to be developed to improve the production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The design purpose is as follows: the multi-shaft simultaneous drilling device and the multi-shaft simultaneous machining method are designed to realize drilling of hole groups of different rail head holes through lifting adjustment of a gear box, and simultaneously automatically finish mechanical chamfering work on two sides of the holes.
The design scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above design objective. According to the track connection installation requirement of the slotted line, the two ends of each section of steel rail are required to be drilled with the installation holes (called as the road head holes for short) of the standard joint clamping plates for installing the joint clamping plates, and the distance sizes of the road head holes of different types of railway tracks are different, so that the drilling precision of the track is not limited by non-automatic positioning and processing, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, the invention develops the processing device which can be automatically adapted to the drilling size requirements of different drill bits of multiple types of steel rails and can drill and chamfer simultaneously by multiple shafts. Under the working state, the device can perform multi-axis simultaneous action according to the process requirement, meets the requirements of the rail web track head hole simultaneous processing and double-side chamfering process of multiple types of steel rails (different track head hole drilling size requirements), and can realize efficient automatic drilling and double-side chamfering operation by adjusting the height of a gear box and respectively controlling the simultaneous action of partial main shafts in multiple main shafts under the conditions of different track head hole drilling size requirements.
1) When drilling tasks of different rail types (different design sizes of the track head holes exist) are switched, the four-shaft gear boxes on two sides of the workbench can be lifted or lowered according to process requirements so as to adapt to different heights of two track head holes, and in addition, aiming at different hole spacing requirements, equipment controls corresponding drilling spindles to respectively and simultaneously act so as to realize drilling and chamfering process requirements.
2) The drilling tool has a unilateral chamfering function, and can finish the chamfering of the rail web hole on the feeding side of the drilling tool while finishing the drilling of the rail web of the steel rail, and the chamfering of the rail web hole on the other side is finished by a special chamfering tool.
Technical scheme 1: the utility model provides a porous simultaneous processing device suitable for many types of rail, including the PLC controller, but lift-type gear box and preceding lift-type gear box front and back relative setting are in the frame behind and lift-type gear box and preceding lift-type gear box relative space be the rail by the processing space, back lift-type gear box is equipped with a plurality of servo motor on the drilling cutter accessory chamfer blade by each main shaft transfer control downwards, preceding lift-type gear box upwards is equipped with a plurality of servo motor accessory chamfer blade cutters by each main shaft transfer control down, rail delivery track is relative with the import of the rail by the processing space that back lift-type gear box and preceding lift-type gear box constitute, rail by processing space one side is equipped with rail end stop gear spacing.
Technical scheme 2: a processing method suitable for a multi-hole simultaneous processing device of multiple types of steel rails, when a 60kg/m steel rail head hole drilling task is executed, a PLC controller instructs ②③④ a spindle servo motor to control ②③④ spindle simultaneous action in a transfer mode, the PLC controller instructs a shielding ① spindle function, The end of the steel rail is limited and positioned at 76mm on the left side of a ② spindle, after the transverse positioning of the steel rail is finished, the PLC controller instructs an electromagnetic chuck of a workbench to magnetize so as to fix the steel rail, and the PLC controller instructs a ②③④ spindle servo motor to control a ②③④ spindle to feed simultaneously so as to finish machining a track head hole; Then, the PLC commands a servo motor of a spindle ②③④ on the opposite side to control the feeding of a chamfering tool of a spindle ②③④ to finish chamfering; When the production task of the steel rail of 60kg/m is switched to the task of executing the track head hole of the steel rail of 50kg/m, the four-axis gear boxes at the two sides of the workbench are instructed by the PLC to descend by 10.5mm simultaneously, the transfer control of the No. ①②③ main shaft is controlled by the main shaft servo motor of ①②③ by the PLC to act simultaneously, the limit position of the end of the steel rail is positioned at 66mm at the left side of the No. ① main shaft, The PLC controller instructs the system to shield ④ the spindle function, after the steel rail is positioned transversely, the PLC controller instructs the electromagnetic chuck of the workbench to magnetize and fix the steel rail, the PLC controller instructs ①②③ the spindle servo motor to control ①②③ the spindle and feed simultaneously to finish the machining of the track head hole, and then, the PLC commands the servo motor of the opposite spindle ①②③ to control the chamfering tool of the spindle ①②③ to complete chamfering.
Compared with the background technology, the device can perform multi-axis simultaneous action according to the process requirement in the working state, not only can simultaneously process rail web track head holes of multiple types of steel rails and chamfer double sides, but also can automatically adjust the height of the gear box according to the technical parameter instruction input by an operator by aiming at the conditions of different rail type and different track head hole drilling size requirements by the PLC, respectively control part of the main shafts in the multiple main shafts, and simultaneously realize efficient drilling operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-hole simultaneous processing apparatus suitable for multiple types of rails.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the track head hole spacing of 50 kg/m.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of 60kg/m rail head hole spacing.
Detailed Description
Example 1: reference is made to fig. 1-3. The utility model provides a porous simultaneous processing device suitable for many types of rail, includes the PLC controller, but lift-type gear box 1 and preceding lift-type gear box 7 back-and-forth relative setting in the frame behind the overlook and lift-type gear box 1 and preceding lift-type gear box 7 relative space be the rail by the processing space, but back lift-type gear box 1 and preceding lift-type gear box 7 not only can reciprocate under the PLC controller instruction. The rear lifting gear box 1 is provided with a plurality of servo motor upper drilling cutters 2 controlled by the transfer of each main shaft downwards, the front lifting gear box 1 is provided with a plurality of servo motor lower drilling cutters 6 controlled by the transfer of each main shaft upwards, the steel rail conveying track 5 is opposite to the inlet of a steel rail processed space formed by the rear lifting gear box 1 and the front lifting gear box 7, one side of the steel rail processed space is provided with a steel rail end limiting mechanism 3 or 4 for limiting, namely the steel rail end limiting mechanism refers to the limitation of an A-type steel rail end 3 or the limitation of a B-type steel rail end 4.
The rear drilling tool 2 of the servo motor is controlled by a plurality of main shaft servo motors in a transfer mode, and drilling tools are respectively arranged on the plurality of main shafts. The rear drilling tool consists of a drill bit and a chamfering blade, wherein the chamfering blade is positioned on the drill body of the drill bit, and the diameter of the chamfering blade is larger than that of the drill bit. That is, the front part of the chamfering bit is the bit, and the bit body has a circle of convex blades (cutter table), which is the chamfering bit.
The front chamfering tool 6 of the servo motor is controlled by a plurality of main shaft servo motors in a transfer mode, and drilling tools are respectively arranged on the plurality of main shafts. The servo motor front drilling tool 6 consists of a chamfering blade, wherein the chamfering blade is positioned on the drill body of the drill bit, and the diameter of the chamfering blade is larger than that of the drill bit. That is, the chamfering tool 6 realizes only a one-sided chamfering function.
Example 2: based on the embodiment 1, a processing method of a multi-hole simultaneous processing device suitable for multi-type steel rails, when a 60kg/m steel rail head hole drilling task is executed, a PLC controller instructs ②③④ a spindle servo motor to control ②③④ spindle simultaneous action, the PLC controller instructs a ① spindle function to be shielded, The end of the steel rail is limited and positioned at 76mm on the left side of a ② spindle, after the transverse positioning of the steel rail is finished, the PLC controller instructs an electromagnetic chuck of a workbench to magnetize so as to fix the steel rail, and the PLC controller instructs a ②③④ spindle servo motor to control a ②③④ spindle to feed simultaneously so as to finish machining a track head hole; Then, the PLC commands a servo motor of a spindle ②③④ on the opposite side to control the feeding of a chamfering tool of a spindle ②③④ to finish chamfering; When the production task of the steel rail of 60kg/m is switched to the task of executing the track head hole of the steel rail of 50kg/m, the four-axis gear boxes at the two sides of the workbench are instructed by the PLC to descend by 10.5mm simultaneously, the transfer control of the No. ①②③ main shaft is controlled by the main shaft servo motor of ①②③ by the PLC to act simultaneously, the limit position of the end of the steel rail is positioned at 66mm at the left side of the No. ① main shaft, The PLC controller instructs the system to shield ④ the spindle function, after the steel rail is positioned transversely, the PLC controller instructs the electromagnetic chuck of the workbench to magnetize and fix the steel rail, the PLC controller instructs ①②③ the spindle servo motor to control ①②③ the spindle and feed simultaneously to finish the machining of the track head hole, and then, the PLC commands the servo motor of the opposite spindle ①②③ to control the chamfering tool of the spindle ①②③ to complete chamfering.
Functional description: (1) The multi-hole simultaneous drilling of the rail head hole and the automatic chamfering of the two sides of the hole can be completed simultaneously; (2) The automatic switching of the drilling process actions of the rail section steel track head holes of different rail types can be realized by controlling the simultaneous actions of part of the main shafts in the plurality of main shafts according to the process requirements and automatically completing the process requirements of drilling the rail web holes of different rail types through the height and the left-right displacement of the lifting gear box according to the instructions of a system control program.
It should be understood that: although the above embodiments describe the design concept of the present invention in more detail, these descriptions are merely descriptions of the design concept of the present invention, and not limitations on the design concept of the present invention, and any combination, addition or modification not exceeding the design concept of the present invention falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Porous simultaneous processing device suitable for many types of rail, including the PLC controller, characterized by: the rear lifting gear box (1) and the front lifting gear box (7) are oppositely arranged on the frame in a top view, the relative space between the rear lifting gear box (1) and the front lifting gear box (7) is a steel rail processed space, a plurality of servo motor upper drilling cutters (2) controlled by the transfer of each main shaft are downwards arranged on the rear lifting gear box (1), a plurality of servo motor front chamfering cutters (6) controlled by the transfer of each main shaft are upwards arranged on the front lifting gear box (1), a steel rail conveying track (5) is opposite to the inlet of the steel rail processed space formed by the rear lifting gear box (1) and the front lifting gear box (7), and one side of the steel rail processed space is provided with a steel rail end limiting mechanism (3 or 4) for limiting; the drilling tool (2) on the servo motor is controlled by a plurality of spindle servo motors in a transfer way, the drilling tools are respectively arranged on the plurality of spindles, the rear drilling tool consists of a drill bit and a chamfering blade, the chamfering blade is positioned on the drill body of the drill bit, and the diameter of the chamfering blade is larger than that of the drill bit; the chamfering tool (6) before the servo motor is used for finishing chamfering processing of the chamfering tool side, the chamfering tool (6) before the servo motor is composed of a drill bit and a chamfering blade, and the chamfering tool is used for finishing chamfering of a rail web hole of the front side.
2. The multi-hole simultaneous processing device for multi-type rails according to claim 1, wherein: the steel rail end limiting mechanism is used for limiting the end (3) of the A-type steel rail or limiting the end (4) of the B-type steel rail.
3. A processing method of a multi-hole simultaneous processing device suitable for multiple types of steel rails is characterized by comprising the following steps:
When a 60kg/m steel rail head hole drilling task is executed, a PLC (programmable logic controller) commands a ②③④ spindle servo motor to transfer and control a ②③④ spindle to act simultaneously, the PLC commands a ① spindle function to be shielded, the end head of a steel rail is limited and positioned at the 76mm position on the left side of a ② spindle, after the steel rail is transversely positioned, the PLC commands an electromagnetic chuck of a workbench to magnetically feed the steel rail to fix the steel rail, and the PLC commands a ②③④ spindle servo motor to transfer and control a ②③④ spindle to feed simultaneously to finish head hole machining; then, the PLC commands a servo motor of a spindle ②③④ on the opposite side to control the feeding of a chamfering tool of a spindle ②③④ to finish chamfering;
When the production task of the 60kg/m steel rail is switched to the task of executing the track head hole of the 50kg/m steel rail, the four-axis gear boxes on two sides of the workbench are instructed by the PLC to descend for 10.5mm simultaneously, the transfer control of the No. ①②③ main shaft of the No. ①②③ main shaft servo motor is instructed by the PLC, the end of the steel rail is limited and positioned at the position of 66mm on the left side of the No. ① main shaft, the function of the No. ④ main shaft is shielded by the PLC instruction system, after the transverse positioning of the steel rail is completed, the electromagnetic chuck of the workbench is instructed by the PLC to magnetize the steel rail, the track head hole machining is completed by the transfer control of the No. ①②③ main shaft of the No. ①②③ main shaft servo motor, and the chamfering tool transfer control of the No. ①②③ main shaft on the opposite side ①②③ main shaft is instructed by the PLC to complete chamfering by the PLC.
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| CN201811650615.3A CN110449623B (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2018-12-31 | Multi-hole simultaneous processing device and processing method suitable for multiple types of steel rails |
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| CN201811650615.3A CN110449623B (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2018-12-31 | Multi-hole simultaneous processing device and processing method suitable for multiple types of steel rails |
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| CN110449623B true CN110449623B (en) | 2024-10-18 |
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| CN113417178A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-21 | 中铁物总资源科技有限公司 | Multi-degree-of-freedom porous drilling method applied to railway waste steel rail repair |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN209681206U (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-11-26 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | A kind of Multi-hole simultaneous processing device suitable for multiclass shaped steel rail |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1992021469A1 (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1992-12-10 | Jack Hammer Hardware Pty. Ltd. | An attachment for a drive shaft of a drill or like rotary tool |
| US5203856A (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1993-04-20 | Gte Valenite Corporation | Tool for finishing and chamfering a hole |
| KR100843201B1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-07-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Package cutting equipment and package cutting method using the equipment |
| CN203578819U (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-05-07 | 福建征途汽车部件制造有限公司 | Drilling and chamfering machine tool |
| CN104384572A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-03-04 | 长沙星欣机械设备有限公司 | Drill bit for deep and large hole drilling |
| CN205147379U (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江泰坦股份有限公司 | Processing frock of porous part |
| CN106825707B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2019-04-30 | 四川理工学院 | Special machine tool for porous double-sided chamfering |
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| CN209681206U (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-11-26 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | A kind of Multi-hole simultaneous processing device suitable for multiclass shaped steel rail |
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