CN110441196A - The device and method of damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue - Google Patents
The device and method of damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to steel structure technology fields, more particularly to the device and method of damage variable is measured in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction, including the first container, sensor, the first valve, the second valve, flow registering instrument and the second container for placing steel test specimen, it is connected to by the first pipeline with sensor above the side wall of the first container, first valve is set on first pipeline and is connected to respectively with the first container and sensor；It measures the second container of liquid with for storing by the second pipeline below the side wall of the first container and is connected to, second valve is set on second pipeline respectively with the first, second reservoir, and the flow registering instrument is connected to the second valve.Measurement method of the present invention is the density increment of test specimen damage front and back to be measured using the equation of gas state, and then obtain the value of damage variable.Lossless decomposition of the present invention does not destroy the structure of test specimen itself；It is easy to detect；High sensitivity, it is highly reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measure damage variable in steel structure technology field more particularly to a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue
Device and method.
Background technique
The developing history for making a general survey of world's steel bridge, from the First metal bridge of Britain in 1779 to First steel bridge in 1874,
Again to First railway steel bridge in 1880, steel bridge has had more than 200 years history.Steel bridge be by steel by riveting, welding,
The means such as bolt are assembled, and steel itself are a kind of tension, resistance to compression and the higher homogeneous material of shearing strength.Due to steel
The intensity of material is high, so steel bridge has biggish span ability.The component of steel bridge is most suitable for industrial method manufacture, convenient for fortune
Defeated, building site installation speed is fast.Therefore, the construction time limit is shortened, and steel bridge is easy to repair and replace, institute after being destroyed
It is superior compared with other materials to consider in terms of repairing.Exactly these superior places of steel allow steel bridge to become the main of bridge
Development trend, China is all steel bridge close to half in the bridge of existing various types on the Changjiang river at present.Steel bridge is in its military service
In the process, since environmental load acts on, fatigue effect, the influence of the unfavorable factors such as corrosion effect and material aging, structure can not
Generation damage accumulation, the degradation resistance avoided, so that structure is made to be on the hazard safely, more seriously, the weight of some mechanisms
Component is wanted once to damage, its extent of the destruction rapidly develops, and in the case where finding not in time, lead to whole knot quickly
The breaking-up of structure causes catastrophic tragedy.Disaster frequency is quite high in reality shakes with regard to possession, destruction of the earthquake to steel bridge
It is mainly reflected in the destruction to rigid bridge pier, belongs to extremely low cycle fatigue destruction.Then, continuous media damage model, that is, CDM model is answered
It transports and gives birth to, wherein D is damage variable, and classics definition is: the sample for bearing tensile load, when sample damages,
Micropore can be generated inside sample.Its apparent cross-sectional area is Aa, but effective cross section product is Ae.Then, damaging parameter D can
To be defined as follows: D=1- (Ae/Aa).By the cross-sectional area and effective cross section product of measurement damage front and back, this formula is recycled
Damaging parameter D can be found out, to characterize the degree of injury of material.
However the method for said determination damage variable is defective.It is often found that, the cross of front and back is damaged in practical application
Sectional area and inconvenient precise measurement, and the effective cross section product value after being damaged, then have to destroy on sample,
This is not inconsistent with environmentally protective theory.Therefore, in order to overcome drawbacks described above, propose damage variable measurement improved method and
Required experimental provision is very necessary in this method.
Based on the above considerations, the present invention devises the dress that damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue
It sets and method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide measure damage in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue
Hurt the device and method of variable, so that more accurately measurement structure injury tolerance, can precisely comment structural damage to reach
The purpose estimated provides parameter basis for monitoring structural health conditions and optimization design.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
The invention discloses the devices that damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue, including for placing steel test specimen
The first container, sensor, the first valve, the second valve, flow registering instrument and second container, the side wall of the first container
Top is connected to by the first pipeline with sensor, first valve be set on first pipeline respectively with the first container with
And sensor connection；Connected below the side wall of the first container by the second pipeline and the second container for storing measurement liquid
It is logical, second valve be set on second pipeline respectively with the first, second reservoir, the flow registering instrument and the
The connection of two valves.
Further, partition is equipped in the first container, the inner cavity of the first container is divided into use by the partition
In the first inner chamber for placing steel test specimen and for containing the second inner chamber for measuring liquid.
Further, the difficult volatilised liq of the measurement liquid.
It further, further include single-chip microcontroller, the sensor is connected by measuring circuit with single-chip microcontroller, the measuring circuit
Including amplifier, nonlinear compensation, temperature-compensating, A/D converter, the input terminal of the sensor is connected with constant-current source, defeated
Signal is delivered to single-chip microcontroller, the single-chip microcontroller connection by amplifier, nonlinear compensation, temperature-compensating and A/D converter out
There is display.
Further, the sensor is silicon cup piezoresistive pressure sensor.
The invention discloses the methods that damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue, include the following steps:
S1: it requires to design and produce steel test specimen and measure its quality according to GB/T15248-2008 to be denoted as M1, then be placed
In the first inner chamber of the first container；
S2: the first valve opening so that sensor is connect with the first container, when atmospheric pressure state in the first container is stablized, is surveyed
Amount the first container internal pressure hypermnesia is P1；
S3: the second valve opening so that the measurement liquid in second container is passed through in the second inner chamber of the first container, and passes through
The volume of flow registering instrument control injection measurement liquid is preset value V；
S4: the second valve is closed, and when atmospheric pressure state in the first container is stablized, is measured in the first container again by sensor
Pressure is denoted as P2；
S5: steel test specimen is taken out, it is loaded on WAW-1000B type electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine；
S6: the steel test specimen after measurement load is denoted as M2, then puts it into the first container, repeats step S2 to S4；
S7: damaging parameter D is calculated by formula, formula is as follows:
D=- ρ o/ ρ o (1)
In formula (1), ρ o is the increment that test specimen tests front and back density, i.e. ρ-ρ o；Wherein ρ is the close of a certain state in damage process
Degree；ρ o is test specimen original density；
It is obtained according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT,
Vx=V1-P2 V/(P2-P1) (2)
In formula (2), P1 is the pressure being passed through before measurement liquid in the first container, and P2 is after being passed through measurement liquid in the first container
Pressure, V1 are the volume of the first container, and V is passed through the volume of measurement liquid, and Vx is the volume of steel test specimen；Formula (2) is brought into close
Calculation formula ρ=m/V is spent, wherein m is the quality of steel test specimen, can find out a certain shape in test specimen initial density ρ o and damage process
The density p of state.
Further, it further comprises the steps of: and data acquisition is carried out by single-chip microcontroller, intermediate computations and output are as a result, obtain
The density of steel test specimen.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention realizes nondestructive measurement, and the difficult volatile liquid used during density measure is Ke Xunhuanliyong, meets
Environmentally protective theory；
2. the present invention measures Sample density by the equation of gas state, the precision of density measure is substantially increased, and then improve
The exact evaluation to object degree of impairment may be implemented in the precision of damage variable.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of measuring circuit in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of steel test specimen in the present invention.
In figure, 1- steel test specimen, 2- the first container, 3- partition, 4- sensor, the first valve of 5-, the second valve of 6-, 7- flow
Recorder, 8- single-chip microcontroller, 9- second container, the first pipeline of 10-, 11 second pipelines, 12- amplifier, 13- nonlinear compensation, 14-
Temperature-compensating, 15-A/D converter, 16- constant-current source, 17- display, 18- measure liquid.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Referring to Fig. 1-3.
The invention discloses the devices that damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue, as shown in Figure 1, 2, packet
Include the first container 2 for placing steel test specimen 1, sensor 4, the first valve 5, the second valve 6, flow registering instrument 7 and second
The side wall top of container 9, the first container 2 is connected to by the first pipeline 10 with sensor 4, and first valve 5 is set to
It is connected to respectively with the first container 2 and sensor 4 on first pipeline 10；By the below the side wall of the first container 2
Two pipelines 11 are connected to the second container 9 for storing measurement liquid 18, and second valve 6 is set to second pipeline 11
It is upper that respectively with the first, second reservoir, the flow registering instrument 7 is connected to the second valve 6, and this case realizes nondestructive measurement,
And the difficult volatile liquid used during density measure is Ke Xunhuanliyong, meets environmentally protective theory.
The course of work: it requires to design and produce steel test specimen 1 and measure its quality to be denoted as first, in accordance with GB/T15248-2008
M1, in the present embodiment, steel test specimen 1 is the cylindrical structure of depression in centre, is then placed on the first inner chamber of the first container 2
In 21；First valve 5 is opened, so that sensor 4 is connect with the first container 2, when atmospheric pressure state in the first container 2 is stablized,
Measurement 2 internal pressure hypermnesia of the first container is P1；Second valve 6 is opened, so that the measurement liquid 18 in second container 9 is passed through first
It in the second inner chamber 22 of container 2, and is preset value V by the volume of the control injection measurement liquid 18 of flow registering instrument 7；By
Two valves 6 are closed, and when atmospheric pressure state in the first container 2 is stablized, measure 2 internal pressure hypermnesia of the first container again by sensor 4
For P2；Steel test specimen 1 is taken out, it is loaded on WAW-1000B type electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine, WAW-1000B type electricity
Liquid servo universal tester is the prior art, and working principle repeats no more；Steel test specimen 1 after measurement load is denoted as M2, then
It puts it into the first container 2, repeats the above steps, calculate damage variable finally by calculation formula.
It is equipped with partition 3 in the first container 2, the inner cavity of the first container 2 is divided by the partition 3 to be used to place
The first inner chamber 21 of steel test specimen 1 and for contain measurement liquid 18 second inner chamber 22, by the first container 2 be arranged every
Plate 3 steel test specimen 1 can be isolated with measurement liquid 18, when can carry out the measurement of quality and volume to steel test specimen 1 more
To be accurate, so that it is guaranteed that the measurement result of damage variable is more accurate, and facilitate the recycling for realizing measurement liquid 18.
The difficult volatilised liq of the measurement liquid 18 further facilitates the recycling for realizing measurement liquid 18, saves energy
Source.
As shown in figure 3, further including single-chip microcontroller 8, the sensor 4 is connected by measuring circuit with single-chip microcontroller 8, the measurement
Circuit includes amplifier 12, nonlinear compensation 13, temperature-compensating 14, A/D converter 15, the input terminal and perseverance of the sensor 4
Stream source 16 is connected, and output signal passes through amplifier 12, nonlinear compensation 13, temperature-compensating 14 and A/D converter 15, conveying
To single-chip microcontroller 8, the single-chip microcontroller 8 is connected with display 17, and sensor 4 is powered by 0.01% constant-current source 16, and pressure signal is through putting
Big device 12, nonlinear compensation 13, temperature-compensating 14, A/D converter 15 are sent to single-chip microcontroller 8 and carry out intermediate computations, output results to
On display 17, computational efficiency is improved, guarantees the operability and accuracy of the experiment.
The sensor 4 is silicon cup piezoresistive pressure sensor, is made of the piezoresistive effect using monocrystalline silicon.In silicon fiml
Piece certain party diffuses up 4 equivalent semiconductor resistors, and connects into Wheatstone bridge as power --- electric transducer it is quick
Elastic original part can directly be contacted with measured medium due to the design feature of the sensor, be easy to minimize by sensing unit, be fitted
In dynamic pressure measurement.
The invention discloses the methods that damage variable is measured in a kind of prediction of steel extremely low cycle fatigue, include the following steps:
S1: requiring to design and produce steel test specimen 1 and measure its quality to be denoted as M1 according to GB/T15248-2008, in the present embodiment,
Steel test specimen 1 is the cylindrical structure of depression in centre, is then placed in the first inner chamber 21 of the first container 2；
S2: the first valve 5 is opened, so that sensor 4 is connect with the first container 2, is stablized to atmospheric pressure state in the first container 2
When, measurement 2 internal pressure hypermnesia of the first container is P1；
S3: the second valve 6 is opened, so that the measurement liquid 18 in second container 9 is passed through the second inner chamber 22 of the first container 2
In, and be preset value V by the volume of the control injection measurement liquid 18 of flow registering instrument 7；
S4: the second valve 6 is closed, and when atmospheric pressure state in the first container 2 is stablized, measures the first appearance again by sensor 4
2 internal pressure hypermnesia of device is P2；
S5: steel test specimen 1 is taken out, it is loaded on WAW-1000B type electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine, WAW-1000B type
Electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine is the prior art, and working principle repeats no more；
S6: the steel test specimen 1 after measurement load is denoted as M2, then puts it into the first container 2, repeats step S2 to S4；
S7: formula improvement project of the invention is as follows:
M=ρ AaL (1)
M=ρ oAeL (2)
In formula, M is sample mass；ρ is the density that test specimen is damaged after releasing load；ρ o is test specimen original density；Aa is to release lotus
The apparent cross-sectional area of test specimen is damaged after load；Ae is the effective cross section product that test specimen is damaged after releasing load；L is after releasing load
Damage the length of test specimen.
In conjunction with formula (1) and (2), can obtain
Ae/Aa=ρ/ρ o (3)
According to classical defined formula
D=1- (Ae/Aa) (4)
Equation (3) are substituted into classical formulas (4), can be obtained
D=1- (ρ/ρ o) (5)
By equivalent transformation, can obtain
D=- ρ o/ ρ o (6)
In formula (6), ρ o is the increment that test specimen tests front and back density, i.e. ρ-ρ o.
Formula (6) is improvement formula of the invention, therefore it is close only to measure a certain moment in the density and damage process of test specimen
The increment of degree, so that it may determine the value of damaging parameter D, and then structural damage more can accurately be assessed；
It is obtained by The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT:
P1 (V1- Vx)=P2 (V1- Vx- V) (7)
By equivalent transformation, can obtain
Vx=V1-P2 V/(P2-P1) (8)
In formula (8), P1 is the pressure being passed through before measurement liquid in the first container, and P2 is after being passed through measurement liquid in the first container
Pressure, V1 are the volume of the first container, and V is passed through the volume of measurement liquid, and Vx is the volume of steel test specimen；Formula (2) is brought into close
Calculation formula ρ=M/V is spent, wherein M is the quality of steel test specimen, can find out a certain shape in test specimen initial density ρ o and damage process
The density p of state brings the result obtained into formula (6) you can get it damaging parameter D；It is close that test specimen is measured by the equation of gas state
Degree, substantially increases the precision of density measure, and then improve the precision of damage variable, may be implemented to object degree of impairment
Exact evaluation.
Further, it further comprises the steps of: and data acquisition is carried out by single-chip microcontroller 8, intermediate computations and output are as a result, obtain
The density of steel test specimen can quickly row data be acquired by single-chip microcontroller 8, and intermediate computations and output are as a result, obtain steel test specimen
Density calculates damage variable, improves operation detection efficiency.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalents made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content are applied directly or indirectly in relevant technical field, are similarly included in
In scope of patent protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. measuring the device of damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction, it is characterised in that: including for placing steel examination
The first container (2), sensor (4), the first valve (5), the second valve (6), flow registering instrument (7) and the second appearance of part (1)
Device (9),
It is connected to by the first pipeline (10) with sensor (4) above the side wall of the first container (2), first valve (5)
It is set on first pipeline (10) and is connected to respectively with the first container (2) and sensor (4)；
Pass through the second pipeline (11) and the second container for storing measurement liquid (18) below the side wall of the first container (2)
(9) be connected to, second valve (6) be set on second pipeline (11) respectively with the first, second reservoir, the stream
Amount recorder (7) is connected to the second valve (6).
2. measuring the device of damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction according to claim 1, feature exists
In: partition (3) are equipped in the first container (2), the inner cavity of the first container (2) is divided by the partition (3) to be used for
Place the first inner chamber (21) of steel test specimen (1) and the second inner chamber (22) for containing measurement liquid (18).
3. measuring the device of damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction according to claim 2, feature exists
In: the difficult volatilised liq of the measurement liquid (18).
4. measuring the device of damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction according to claim 3, feature exists
In: it further include single-chip microcontroller (8), the sensor (4) is connected by measuring circuit with single-chip microcontroller (8), and the measuring circuit includes
Amplifier (12), nonlinear compensation (13), temperature-compensating (14), A/D converter (15), the input terminal of the sensor (4) with
Constant-current source (16) is connected, and output signal is turned by amplifier (12), nonlinear compensation (13), temperature-compensating (14) and A/D
Parallel operation (15) is delivered to single-chip microcontroller (8), and the single-chip microcontroller (8) is connected with display (17).
5. measuring the device of damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction according to claim 4, feature exists
In: the sensor (4) is silicon cup piezoresistive pressure sensor.
6. measuring the method for damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction, which comprises the steps of:
S1: it requires to design and produce steel test specimen (1) and measure its quality according to GB/T15248-2008 to be denoted as M1, then be put
It is placed in the first inner chamber (21) of the first container (2)；
S2: the first valve (5) are opened, so that sensor (4) is connect with the first container (2), to the interior air pressure shape of the first container (2)
When state is stablized, measurement the first container (2) internal pressure hypermnesia is P1；
S3: the second valve (6) are opened, so that the measurement liquid (18) in second container (9) is passed through the second of the first container (2)
It in inner cavity (22), and is preset value V by the volume of flow registering instrument (7) control injection measurement liquid (18)；
S4: the second valve (6) are closed, and when the first container (2) interior atmospheric pressure state is stablized, are measured again by sensor (4)
The first container (2) internal pressure hypermnesia is P2；
S5: it takes out steel test specimen (1), it is loaded on WAW-1000B type electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine；
S6: the steel test specimen (1) after measurement load is denoted as M2, then puts it into the first container (2), repeats step S2 to S4；
S7: damaging parameter D is calculated by formula, formula is as follows:
D=- ρ o/ ρ o (1)
In formula (1), ρ o is the increment that test specimen tests front and back density, i.e. ρ-ρ o；Wherein ρ is the close of a certain state in damage process
Degree；ρ o is test specimen original density；
It is obtained according to The Ideal-Gas Equation PV=nRT,
Vx=V1-P2 V/(P2-P1) (2)
In formula (2), P1 is the pressure being passed through before measurement liquid in the first container, and P2 is after being passed through measurement liquid in the first container
Pressure, V1 are the volume of the first container, and V is passed through the volume of measurement liquid, and Vx is the volume of steel test specimen；Formula (2) is brought into close
Calculation formula ρ=M/V is spent, wherein M is the quality of steel test specimen, can find out a certain shape in test specimen initial density ρ o and damage process
The density p of state.
7. the method for measuring damage variable in a kind of steel extremely low cycle fatigue prediction according to claim 6, feature exist
In, further comprise the steps of: by single-chip microcontroller (8) carry out data acquisition, intermediate computations and output are as a result, obtain the close of steel test specimen
Degree.
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