CN110422970A - 一种石化废水处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种石化废水处理方法，包括下述步骤：(1)将石化废水的原水进入调节池反应装置，利用调节池反应装置调节水量；(2)调节池的废水经提升泵进入加除油剂和压缩空气的斜板除油罐，由微气泡携带上浮30min可去除石油类物质；(3)除油罐水进入混凝破乳器去除小直径乳化油；(4)破乳水进入气浮反应装置，去除悬浮物、胶体、部分COD、油类污染物质；(5)气浮反应废水经入A/O生化池，去除有机物和氨氮；(6)A/O生化池水由进水泵提升进入投絮凝剂PAC(10‑30mg/L)和PAM(0.2‑0.8mg/L)的混凝沉淀池，滤除固体悬浮物后滤水进入中间水池；(7)提升泵将中间池水送入催化氧化反应器反应0.5‑1.5h；(8)催化氧化反应器出水由二级过滤器处理，滤后清水满足排放或回用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水处理领域，具体涉及一种石化废水的处理方法。
背景技术
近年来随着我国工业化和城镇化的快速发展，对能源的需求量和消耗量也在迅速的增加。我国已经是全球最大的石油进口国，石化产品已经广泛应用于我国经济建设的各个方面。由于石化产业工艺水平和处理技术的限制，大量石化工业的废水、废渣不可避免地排入天然水体环境中，产生的水环境污染问题也越来越严重。由于石化工业污染物多为有毒有害的有机物，具有浓度高和难降解的特性，因此石化废水对水环境污染尤为严重。
根据石化废水的水质特点和污水厂出水水质要求，目前主要可行的处理对策有：(1)常规生化处理，如好氧生物处理、厌氧生物处理；(2)常规生化处理组合工艺；(3)在原有常规生物处理工艺后增加深度处理工艺。目前，依据石化废水的水质特征，将各种生物处理技术和深度处理技术集成联用，是当前处理石化废水的基本处理对策；同时随着工业废水处理技术的不断发展，寻求新型高效的废水处理工艺也是研究和实践的热点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是：提供了一种克处理废水以降低废水中的COD和石油类物质含量，即强化除油和COD去除的效果，同时要求去除大部分的NH3-N、TN、硫化物、挥发酚及SS，有效处理石化废水，满足出水要求的石化废水深处理方法。
为实现本发明目的，提供了以下技术方案：一种石化废水处理方法，包括下述步骤：
(1)一级处理：将石化废水加入除油剂和压缩空气，经混匀器充分混合并反应完全后，被微气泡携带上浮，停留30分钟，通过斜板隔油装置去除废水中70％的石油类物质，接着进入混凝破乳器，去除颗粒直径小的乳化油；
(2)二级处理：进入气浮池后，通过絮凝吸附作用有效的去除废水中悬浮物、胶体、部分COD、油类污染物质；
(3)生化处理：采用缺氧/好氧(A/0)活性污泥法对步骤(2)的出水进行处理，所述缺氧/好氧活性污泥法包括缺氧段和好氧段，处理时需将已经过好氧段充分反应的出水的一部分回流至缺氧段，与步骤(2)的出水混合后一起处理，以去除有机物和氨氮；并将经缺氧/好氧活性污泥法处理完毕的废水进行沉淀，将沉淀的活性污泥也回流至缺氧段补充微生物；
(4)深度处理：步骤(3)的出水经高效澄清池加混凝剂沉淀后，进入中间水池中的污水经提升泵送入催化氧化反应器，水力停留时间0.5-1.5h，然后再经微絮凝过滤进入清水池，其中的有机物被降解，至此废水处理完毕。
作为优选，将石化废水生物处理出水由进水泵提升进入机械混凝沉淀池，同时向混凝反应池中投混凝剂PAC和絮凝剂PAM，PAC投加点设在混合池进水端，PAM投加点设在絮凝池进水口，絮凝时间10-20min，根据石化废水的水质条件，确定PAC的投加量为10-30mg/L，PAM的投加量为0.2-0.8mg/L，沉淀后出水进入一级过滤器，滤除剩余的固体悬浮物，过滤后出水流入中间水池。
作为优选，催化剂以MnOx为活性组分，其中以MnO2为原料，经模压成型、干燥、焙烧制得MnOx催化剂，以TiO2-Al2O3为载体，m(TiO2):m(Al2O3)＝1:1。在TiO2-Al2O3，复合载体上，采用等体积浸渍法浸渍硝酸锰溶液，其负载量(以硝酸锰分解完全后MnO2的质量计)通过浸渍液的浓度控制，然后在一定温度下干燥、焙烧即得到MnOx/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。
附图说明
图1为本发明处理方法流程示意图。
附图标记说明：1-调节池，2-斜板除油罐，3-混凝破乳器，4-气浮池，5-A/O池，6-混凝沉淀池，7-一级过滤罐，8-中间池，9-催化氧化装置，10-二级微絮凝过滤装置，11-清水池，12-提升泵，13-提升泵，14-提升泵，15-提升泵，16-提升泵。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例详细地说明本发明。实施方案为便于更好的理解本发明，但并非对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员应该理解，依然可以对发明进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之中。
如图1所示，本发明提供的石化废水处理方法主要包括一级处理、二级处理、生物处理、深度处理四个方面，按照前述实施步骤即可达到废水排放标准。具体实施步骤如下：
石化废水的原水进入调节池1反应装置对废水进行水质水量调节，调节池1反应排出的废水经提升泵12进入斜板除油罐2，加入除油剂和压缩空气，经混匀器充分混合并反应完全后，被微气泡携带上浮，停留30min，通过斜板隔油去除废水中的各类石油类物质，除油罐2排出的废水进入混凝破乳器3，去除颗粒直径小的乳化油，混凝破乳器3排出的废水经提升泵13进入气浮反应装置4，通过絮凝吸附作用有效的去除废水中悬浮物、胶体、部分COD、油类污染物质，气浮反应装置处理后的废水输出进入A/O生化池5，去除有机物和氨氮，A/O生化池5排出的废水，由进水泵14提升进入混凝沉淀池6，同时向混凝反应池中投絮凝剂PAC和PAM，根据石化废水的水质条件，确定PAC的投加量为10-30mg/L，PAM的投加量为0.2-0.8mg/L，沉淀后出水进入一级过滤器7，滤除剩余的固体悬浮物，过滤后出水流入中间水池8，中间水池8中的污水经提升泵15送入催化氧化反应器9，停留时间0.5-1.5h进行催化氧化反应，催化氧化反应器出水进入二级过滤器10进行微絮凝和过滤处理，滤后清水进入清水池，满足排放或回用要求。
混凝破乳器3和气浮池4之间还设置有中和池和均衡池，中和池的进水管与混凝破乳器的出水管相连，中和池的出水管和均衡池进水管相连，均衡池的出水管和气浮池的进水管相连。
催化反应器中催化剂制备方法：以MnOx为活性组分，其中以MnO2为原料，经模压成型、干燥、焙烧制得MnOx催化剂，以TiO2-Al2O3为载体，m(TiO2):m(Al2O3)＝1:1。在TiO2-Al2O3，复合载体上，采用等体积浸渍法浸渍硝酸锰溶液，其负载量(以硝酸锰分解完全后MnO2的质量计)通过浸渍液的浓度控制，然后在一定温度下干燥、焙烧即得到MnOx/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。
Claims (3)
1.一种石化废水处理方法，包括下述步骤：
(1)将石化废水的原水进入调节池反应装置，利用调节池反应装置对废水进行水质水量调节；
(2)由所述调节池反应排出的废水经提升泵进入斜板除油罐，加入除油剂和压缩空气，经混匀器充分混合并反应完全后，被微气泡携带上浮，停留30min，通过斜板隔油去除废水中的各类石油类物质；
(3)由所述除油罐排出的废水进入混凝破乳器，去除颗粒直径小的乳化油；
(4)由所述混凝破乳器排出的废水经提升泵进入气浮反应装置，通过絮凝吸附作用有效的去除废水中悬浮物、胶体、部分COD、油类污染物质；
(5)由所述气浮反应装置处理后的废水输出进入A/O生化池，去除有机物和氨氮；
(6)由所述A/O生化池排出的废水，由进水泵提升进入混凝沉淀池，同时向混凝反应池中投絮凝剂PAC和PAM，根据石化废水的水质条件，确定PAC的投加量为10-30mg/L，PAM的投加量为0.2-0.8mg/L，沉淀后出水进入一级过滤器，滤除剩余的固体悬浮物，过滤后出水流入中间水池；
(7)由所述中间水池中的污水经提升泵送入催化氧化反应器，停留时间0.5-1.5h进行催化氧化反应；
(8)催化氧化反应器出水进入二级过滤器进行微絮凝和过滤处理，滤后清水进入清水池，满足排放或回用要求。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石化废水处理方法，其特征在于，所述混凝破乳器和气浮池之间还设置有中和池和均衡池，中和池的进水管与混凝破乳器的出水管相连，中和池的出水管和均衡池进水管相连，均衡池的出水管和气浮池的进水管相连。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石化废水处理方法，其特征在于，所述催化反应器中催化剂以MnOx为活性组分，其中以MnO2为原料，经模压成型、干燥、焙烧制得MnOx催化剂，以TiO2-Al2O3为载体，m(TiO2):m(Al2O3)＝1:1。在TiO2-Al2O3，复合载体上，采用等体积浸渍法浸渍硝酸锰溶液，其负载量(以硝酸锰分解完全后MnO2的质量计)通过浸渍液的浓度控制，然后在一定温度下干燥、焙烧即得到MnOx/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。
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| CN113501624A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-15 | 重庆鑫盾机电(集团)有限公司 | 一种含乳化液废水的处理工艺 |
| CN113754117A (zh) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-07 | 黄永根 | 一体化除酚工艺及其装置 |
| CN117945579A (zh) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-04-30 | 宁波职业技术学院 | 一种难生化降解石化废水处理方法与系统 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113501624A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-15 | 重庆鑫盾机电(集团)有限公司 | 一种含乳化液废水的处理工艺 |
| CN113754117A (zh) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-07 | 黄永根 | 一体化除酚工艺及其装置 |
| CN117945579A (zh) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-04-30 | 宁波职业技术学院 | 一种难生化降解石化废水处理方法与系统 |
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