CN110419428B - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents
Plant cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110419428B CN110419428B CN201910595512.XA CN201910595512A CN110419428B CN 110419428 B CN110419428 B CN 110419428B CN 201910595512 A CN201910595512 A CN 201910595512A CN 110419428 B CN110419428 B CN 110419428B
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- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001149649 Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a plant cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: transplanting the matrix with the seedling plants to a planting plate; placing the planting plate on a planting groove, wherein the root system of the plant is hung in the planting groove through a planting hole in the planting plate; sealing the plant root space; wherein, the pore space between the substrate and the planting plate is sealed, and the pore space at the joint of the planting groove and the planting plate is sealed; introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove; the plants are cultured using a suitable culture method. The plant cultivation method of the invention ensures that the whole root system of the plant is in a closed high-humidity oxygen-enriched microenvironment to promote the growth and development of the root system and improve the water-break resistance of the whole equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a plant cultivation method.
Background
The soilless culture technology is a modern culture technology for plant production by directly using nutrient solution or matching the nutrient solution with an artificial substrate, breaks the dependence on soil quality and space in the traditional soil culture, creates the optimal production environment conditions for crops through manpower, mainly comprises nutrients, moisture, temperature, humidity, illumination and the like, and has the advantages of shortened crop growth cycle and greatly increased yield compared with the soil culture technology.
With the improvement of the soilless culture technology, the soilless culture is widely adopted in modern agricultural production, and indoor planting of crops such as flowers, vegetables and the like becomes possible. In most indoor planting system at present, plant the holding plant on the board, plant the required nutrient solution of board lower part supply with the root of plant and water, plant the upper portion of board and pass through the LED light source and give the required illumination condition of plant.
However, in the existing soilless planting mode, the substrate is exposed in the air, green algae is easily generated on the substrate, insect pests such as muscae volitantes are further generated, and the roots of plants are easily damaged; and if the planting system fails, nutrient solution and water cannot be supplied to the plants, or the plants are transported for a long time after being harvested and matured, so that the plants are rapidly withered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the cultured plants have poor breaking water resistance in the existing soilless culture method.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a plant cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
transplanting the matrix with the seedling plants to a planting plate;
placing the planting plate on a planting groove, wherein the root system of the plant is hung in the planting groove through a planting hole in the planting plate;
sealing the plant root space; wherein, the pore space between the substrate and the planting plate is sealed, and the pore space at the joint of the planting groove and the planting plate is sealed;
introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove;
the plants are cultured using a suitable culture method.
Further, the culture method includes an aerosol culture method and a tidal culture method.
In one embodiment, the aerosol culture method comprises injecting a nutrient solution into a planting tank to a predetermined depth;
and spraying atomized nutrient solution to the surface of the root system.
Further, the preset depth is 0.5cm-10 cm.
In one embodiment, the tidal cultivation comprises adjusting the water level depth of the nutrient solution in the planting tank to make the nutrient solution at a high water level and a low water level intermittently.
Further, the roots of the plants are completely or partially soaked in the nutrient solution at the high water level; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
at the low water level, the roots of the plants are not soaked or partially soaked in the nutrient solution.
Further, the conductivity of the nutrient solution is 0.8S/m-3S/m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.6.
Further, the cultivation method further comprises adding oxygen into the culture device, and the oxygen adding method comprises directly adding oxygen into the culture device or adding oxygen into the nutrient solution.
Further, the substrate is rock wool or coconut coir.
Further, the sealing material used for sealing includes a plastic film and/or an adhesive tape.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plant cultivation method has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the plant cultivation method, the holes between the substrate and the planting plate and the holes at the connection part of the planting groove and the planting plate are sealed, so that the whole root system of the plant is in a closed high-humidity oxygen-enriched microenvironment to promote the growth and development of the root system and improve the water break resistance of the whole equipment.
2) The plant cultivation method adopts an aerial fog cultivation method, supplies water to roots in a spraying mode, exposes the roots in the air to perform sufficient aerobic respiration, ensures that the roots are in a moist state through accurate and effective temperature and moisture regulation control, can obtain sufficient moisture, oxygen and nutrition, and improves the growth speed of plant root hairs; by using the aerosol culture method, no manual water changing exists, the spraying time is intelligently controlled, the labor is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the occurrence of diseases is effectively controlled.
3) The plant cultivation method adopts a tide cultivation method, the liquid level of the nutrient solution rises in a tide mode, the substrate can be infiltrated when the liquid level rises, the root systems of plants can obtain nutrients, part of the root systems can leave the water surface at intervals to absorb oxygen in the air when the liquid level drops, meanwhile, the contact time of the liquid level of the nutrient solution and the bottom surface of the planting plate is reduced, the green algae breeding is avoided, the plant growth is ensured, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a plant cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a planting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparative diagram of drought resistance experiments of tomatoes by different cultivation methods according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the following is a supplementary description of the drawings:
10-planting grooves; 20-planting plates; 30-cultivation holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be included in at least one implementation of the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
Example 1:
water culture is used as a novel agricultural culture mode, and the advantages of fertilizer conservation and convenient cleaning gradually occupy the market. However, in most current hydroponic systems, if a failure occurs, the nutrient solution and water cannot be supplied to the plants, or the plants are transported for a long time after being harvested and matured, and the plants are rapidly withered.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a plant cultivation method, comprising the steps of:
s20: sowing; soaking the substrate with pure water, sowing seeds in substrate holes, and spraying pure water for wetting; and (4) putting the matrix with the seeds into a seedling box or a seedling tray, covering the seedling box or the seedling tray with a cover, moisturizing, and performing light-resistant treatment. The temperature is set at a temperature suitable for germination of the seeds.
Wherein the matrix can be rock wool or coconut coir. The germination temperature of the seeds can be within a range, for example, the germination temperature of common vegetable seeds is suitably 20-30 ℃, the germination temperature of tomato seeds can be 20-35 ℃, the germination temperature of spinach and allium sativum seeds is 15-20 ℃ and the like.
S40: seedling raising; and exposing the seeds to light after the seeds are exposed to white. And (4) uncovering after the cotyledon is completely unfolded. Transferring to the substrate soaked by the nutrient solution, placing in a planting frame, and waiting for rooting.
The seed of different plants needs different nutrient solutions, the electric conductivity EC of the selected nutrient solution is in the range of 0.8S/m-3S/m, and the PH is in the range of 5.5-6.6.
S60: transplanting; transplanting the substrate with the seedling plants to a planting plate 20; placing the planting plate on a planting groove 10, wherein the root system of the plant is hung in the planting groove 10 through a planting hole 30 on the planting plate 20; sealing the plant root space; wherein, the aperture between the substrate and the planting plate 20 is sealed, and the aperture at the connection part of the planting groove 10 and the planting plate 20 is sealed; introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove 10; the plants are cultured using a suitable culture method.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, since there is a gap between the planting plate 20 and the plant root, there is a gap between the planting trough 10 and the planting plate 20, and an oxygen adding device is used or oxygen is added in water by way of sealing the root space to avoid the problem of oxygen deficiency of the root system, so that the trunk of the plant is in a sealed high-humidity oxygen-rich environment, which can avoid the generation of green algae on the substrate, thereby preventing the occurrence of diseases of the plant root, reducing the occurrence of diseases of the plant root, and promoting the downward growth of the plant root. Meanwhile, the drought resistance is certain. The sealing material for sealing the pores can be plastic film, adhesive tape, preservative film, etc. Different planting densities are set according to different types of crops during transplanting, and the planting mode can be square planting, rectangular planting, triangular planting, strip planting or plan planting.
S80: culturing; the culture method comprises an aerosol culture method and a tide culture method. Different culture methods can be selected for different crop plants, and tomato, strawberry, hyacinth, taxus chinensis and the like can be selected by an aerosol culture method; dendrobium officinale, mint, lily and the like can be cultured by tide, and a proper culture method can be selected according to the growth characteristics of plants, the economic efficiency and the like.
The aerosol culture method comprises injecting nutrient solution with a preset depth into the planting groove 10; and spraying atomized nutrient solution to the surface of the root system. The preset depth is 0.5cm-10 cm.
In this embodiment, the aerial fog cultivation method adopted not only provides nutrition for plants through aerial fog, but also injects the nutrient solution with a certain depth into the bottom of the planting groove 10, so that a small part of root hairs are locally contacted with the nutrient solution, and then sprays the atomized nutrient solution to the roots. The bottom of the root mat of the plant is contacted with liquid flow water and fertilizer absorption, and the upper part of the root mat is exposed in moisture for oxygen absorption, so that the contradiction between water absorption and oxygen absorption of the root system is better solved, and meanwhile, the root space sealing mode is combined, so that the occurrence of plant root diseases and insect pests is favorably reduced, and the root growth is promoted. And the system of this embodiment is afraid of midway water cut-off and power failure, and the cushioning effect of rhizosphere is big, and the rhizosphere environment receives external environment's influence for a short time, and stability is good, is favorable to the growth and the management of crop. The depth of the nutrient solution can be determined according to different types of plants and the growth conditions of the plants.
The tidal cultivation comprises the step of adjusting the water level depth of the nutrient solution in the planting tank 10 to enable the nutrient solution to be at a high water level and a low water level intermittently. The roots of the plants are completely or partially soaked in the nutrient solution at the high water level; at the low water level, the roots of the plants are not soaked or partially soaked in the nutrient solution.
In this embodiment, adopt the morning and evening tides method of cultivateing, nutrient solution liquid level morning and evening tides formula is gone up and down, and the liquid level rises and can soaks the matrix, lets the plant root system obtain the nutrient, and the liquid level descends and makes partial root system can the clearance leave the oxygen in the surface of water absorption air, has reduced the contact time of nutrient solution liquid level and planting board 20 bottom surface simultaneously, avoids green alga to breed, guarantees the plant growth, reduce cost.
Example 2:
the invention is based on the conclusion obtained from a large number of experimental results, the results obtained by verifying different plant varieties have consistency, in this embodiment, the tomato is taken as an example, a comparative experiment is set, and the experimental results are as follows:
24 tomato plants in the flowering and fruiting period with the seedling age of about 50 days are respectively cultivated in the two groups of aeroponic planting tanks 10 of the treatment group and the control group.
Treatment group: sealing the planting groove 10, the planting plate 20 and the planting hole 30 by using a preservative film and an adhesive tape so as to form a closed space;
control group (CK): the planting pot 10 has a gap and is not sealed.
The water cut-off treatment was carried out for 48 hours under the same conditions and the condition of the plants was recorded.
The obtained results are shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3a shows the situation of the tomato seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method of the invention after water cut-off for 48 hours; FIG. 3b shows the situation after 48h of water cut-off of tomato seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method without the sealing treatment. The growth of the plant shown in FIG. 3a is much better than that shown in FIG. 3 b. Therefore, by adopting the cultivation method, the growth of the plants can be promoted, and the drought resistance of the plants can be improved; but also can prevent the insect pests of the funguses and the like, reduce the occurrence of plant root diseases and promote the downward growth of plant roots.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A plant cultivation method, wherein the plant cultivation method is applied to a hydroponic system, and the method comprises the following steps:
transplanting the substrate with the seedling plants to a planting plate (20);
placing the planting plate (20) on a planting trough (10); the root system of the plant is dropped into the planting groove (10) through the planting hole (30) on the planting plate (20);
sealing the plant root space; wherein the aperture between the substrate and the planting plate (20) is sealed, and the aperture at the connection part of the planting groove (10) and the planting plate (20) is sealed; the sealing material used for sealing comprises a plastic film and/or an adhesive tape;
introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove (10);
culturing said plant using a suitable culture method;
the culture method comprises a tidal culture method; the tidal cultivation method comprises the steps of adjusting the water level depth of nutrient solution in the planting tank (10) to enable the nutrient solution to be at a high water level and a low water level intermittently; the roots of the plants are completely or partially soaked in the nutrient solution at the high water level; the roots of the plants are not soaked or partially soaked in the nutrient solution at the low water level.
2. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the culture method comprises an aerosol culture method.
3. The plant cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the aerosol culture method comprises the steps of injecting nutrient solution with a preset depth into a planting groove (10);
and spraying atomized nutrient solution to the surface of the root system.
4. The plant cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preset depth is 0.5cm-10 cm.
5. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the conductivity of the nutrient solution is 0.8S/m-3S/m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.6.
6. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step of introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove (10) comprises directly introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into the planting groove (10) or introducing oxygen with a certain concentration into a nutrient solution.
7. The plant cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the substrate is rock wool or coconut coir.
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| CN201910595512.XA CN110419428B (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Plant cultivation method |
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| CN201910595512.XA CN110419428B (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Plant cultivation method |
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| CN111955219A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-11-20 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | High-density tomato planting device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102640696B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2014-03-26 | 周冬祥 | Sealed hydroponic device and method |
| CN202663915U (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2013-01-16 | 上海赋民农业科技有限公司 | Closed plant cultivation device |
| CN102972269B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-20 | 杭州苗盛生态农业科技有限公司 | Aeroponic method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN203181707U (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2013-09-11 | 诠兴开发科技股份有限公司 | Tidal irrigation device for hydroponic plants |
| CN204232040U (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-04-01 | 齐硕科技股份有限公司 | Double-trough plant cultivation device that can automatically adjust the tidal water level |
| CN104542217A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-04-29 | 温州桑德拉花木苗科技有限公司 | Chinese yew aeroponic method |
| CN105230463A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-13 | 北京绿东国创农业科技有限公司 | A tide type water culture method and device |
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