CN110397679B - 具有密封配置的回转轴承 - Google Patents

具有密封配置的回转轴承 Download PDF

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CN110397679B
CN110397679B CN201910306442.1A CN201910306442A CN110397679B CN 110397679 B CN110397679 B CN 110397679B CN 201910306442 A CN201910306442 A CN 201910306442A CN 110397679 B CN110397679 B CN 110397679B
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ring
seal
lid
sealing
heel
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朱丽叶·德拉比
赫维·东丹
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有密封配置的回转轴承(1)，包括：第一圈(2)；第二圈(3)，所述圈(2、3)能够绕着旋转轴线相对旋转；至少一列滚动元件(4、5)，其配置在所述圈(2、3)之间；以及至少一个密封件(25、26、27、28)，其安装在第一圈(2)的周向槽(21)中。盖(23)通过固定手段固定于第一圈(2)，并且包括具有环状踵(33a)和密封唇(33b)的盖密封构件(33)，环状踵(33a)安装在形成于盖(23)的正表面的周向缝(34)中，密封唇(33b)从所述踵(33a)朝向第二圈(3)突出。密封唇(33b)具有与第二圈(3)的一部分滑动摩擦接触的自由端。

Description

具有密封配置的回转轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及滚子轴承领域。更特别的是，本发明涉及在海洋应用(例如，潮汐发电站)中使用的大直径的回转轴承(slewing bearing)。
背景技术
该轴承通常包括内圈、外圈和密封件，密封件布置在圈之间，以限定出环状的封闭空间，在该封闭空间内，至少一列滚动元件(诸如滚珠或滚子)配置在圈之间。
回转轴承使用在腐蚀性环境中，特别是使用在海洋应用中。密封件防止诸如尘土、磨粒、水和海洋物种(例如，浮游生物和藻类)等的外部要素进入所述轴承内部并损坏其组成部件。颗粒还可能进入密封件自身的内部，于是还可能缩短密封件使用寿命。
典型的是，密封件固定于一个圈并包括与另一个圈滑动接触的密封唇。通常，在与水直接接触的轴承正面侧设置有多个相邻的密封件。有利的是，相邻密封件的唇可以沿不同方向定向。
然而，该轴承的以这种方式实现的密封可能是不够的，特别是对于在潜水式电机中使用而言。确实，第一密封件在其它密封件之前率先损坏。密封件越多，回转轴承越昂贵。被这样密封的轴承的总重量会增大，这对于某些应用而言是不利的。
另一缺点在于，密封件不能在水下替换。该维护操作是昂贵的，并且需要使装配好的机器频繁地固定，并且需要长的时间。
因此，期望的是，回转轴承包括能够防止外部要素的进入、能够延长特别是在腐蚀性环境中的使用寿命且能够容易实施的有效密封元件。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决以上难题。
为此，本发明涉及回转轴承，包括：第一圈；第二圈，所述圈能够绕着旋转轴线相对旋转；以及至少一列滚动元件，其配置在所述圈之间。所述回转轴承包括至少一个密封件，其具有环状踵和密封唇，所述环状踵安装在设置于所述第一圈的周向槽中，所述密封唇与所述第二圈的一部分滑动摩擦接触，所述周向槽朝向所述第二圈开口并介于肩与盖之间，所述盖通过固定手段固定于所述第一圈。
根据本发明，所述盖包括盖密封构件。所述盖密封构件具有环状踵和密封唇，所述环状踵安装在形成于所述盖的正表面的周向缝中，所述密封唇从所述踵朝向所述第二圈突出。所述密封唇具有与所述第二圈的一部分滑动摩擦接触的自由端。
根据本发明的有利但非必要的其它方面，该回转轴承可以包含以下特征中的一个或数个：
-所述周向槽的肩设置有环状的轴向环，所述轴向环阻挡与所述肩相邻的密封件的环状的踵。
-所述盖设置有环状的轴向环，所述轴向环阻挡与所述盖相邻的密封件的环状踵。
-所述盖密封构件的踵设置有至少一个通孔。
-所述盖密封构件的密封唇抵靠所述第二圈的侧表面滑动摩擦接触。
-所述第二圈设置有密封接触构件，所述密封接触构件具有与所述外密封构件的密封唇滑动摩擦接触的表面，所述密封接触构件固定于所述第二圈的侧表面。
-所述密封接触构件通过多个螺丝固定于所述第二圈。
-所述盖通过多个螺丝固定于所述第一圈。
-所述螺丝由玛蹄脂覆盖。
-所述第一圈是外圈，所述第二圈是内圈。
-所述回转轴承包括至少一列滚动元件，所述滚动元件配置在所述第一圈与所述第二圈之间，以形成轴向止推件。
-所述回转轴承包括至少一列滚动元件，所述滚动元件配置在所述第一圈与所述第二圈之间，以形成径向止推件。
-所述滚动元件是滚珠。
-所述滚动元件是滚子。
-所述滚动元件在周向上由保持架维持。
-所述滚动元件在周向上由间隔件维持。
附图说明
作为示例性的示例，而非限制本发明的目的，现在将结合附图解释本发明。在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的回转轴承的沿轴向截取的局部图；和
-图2是图1的回转轴承的沿轴向截取的细节图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了能够在特别是海洋应用(例如潮汐发电站)中使用的回转滚子轴承，该回转滚子轴承整体上以附图标记1表示，具有大的直径。回转轴承限定有：上侧Cu，其直接暴露于海洋环境；和下侧Cl，其配置在底架(未图示出)中。
回转滚子轴承包括内圈2、外圈3和两列滚动元件4、5，滚动元件4、5配置在这些圈2、3之间，以便形成能够传递径向力的径向止推件(radial thrust)。
在图示的实施方式中，滚动元件4、5是滚珠。滚动元件可以是任意其它的对于应用而言适当的类型，例如可以是滚子。第一列滚珠4接合在分别设置于内圈2和外圈3的滚道6、7中。第二列滚珠5接合在分别设置于内圈2和外圈3的滚道8、9中。
第一列滚珠4配置在第一保持架10中，第一保持架10用于维持所述滚珠的规则周向间隔。第二列滚珠5配置在第二保持架11中，第二保持架11用于维持所述滚珠的规则周向间隔。作为一种选择，滚动元件可以由多个中间间隔件在周向上相等地间隔开。
作为未示出的一种选择，回转轴承还可以包括至少一列滚动元件(例如滚子)，该滚动元件配置在内圈与外圈之间，以形成能够传递轴向力的轴向止动件。该轴承的示例记载在FR-A1-2 694 610中。
内圈2和外圈3是如下形式：能够绕着轴承1的旋转轴线(未图实出)旋转的同轴圈，并且外圈3以具有径向距离的方式围绕内圈2。
圈2、3是固体式(solid type)。“固体式”被理解为是指形状通过从管、棒以及锻造过和/或热轧过的毛坯以切削(车削、磨削)去除的方式进行机加工而获得的圈。圈2、3形成为一体，但是作为一种选择，可以包括组装在一起的数个圈部件。
外圈3包括外正面12，外正面12在轴向上以位于回转轴承1的下侧Cl的下侧面13和位于上侧Cu的上侧面14作为边界。侧面13、14在轴向上彼此相对。外圈3还包括开孔部(bore)15。开孔部15呈台阶状，并且设置有在径向上向内圈2开口的两个槽7、9。所述槽7、9是分别用于第一列滚珠4和第二列滚珠5的滚道。
有利的是，外圈3的外表面12和14通过腐蚀表面保护处理而被覆盖。
内圈2包括设置有多个径向齿17的开孔部16，径向齿17旨在与齿轮(未图示出)啮合，以便使可动元件定向。开孔部16在轴向上以位于回转轴承1的下侧Cl的下侧面18和位于上侧Cu的上侧面19作为边界。侧面18、19在轴向上彼此相对。
内圈2还包括外正面20。外表面20呈台阶状，并且设置有在径向上向外圈3开口的两个槽6、8。所述槽6、8是分别用于第一列滚珠4和第二列滚珠5的滚道。
外正面20还设置有在径向上朝向外圈3开口的周向槽21。该槽在轴向上介于朝向轴承1的下侧Cl的肩22与朝向上侧Cu的盖23之间。当将内圈2的外正面20上的材料去除时，形成了肩22。
盖23通过固定手段(/固定构件，fixing means)固定于内圈2。上侧面19设置有供盖23配置的周向凹部24。在图示的实施方式中，周向凹部24在周向上设置有多个轴向螺纹孔(未标记)。盖23设置有多个轴向通孔(未标记)，各所述孔在轴向上均面对相应的螺纹孔。盖23通过延伸穿过盖孔且与内圈2的螺纹孔接合的多个螺丝(未标记)固定于内圈2。有利的是，螺丝的头由玛蹄脂(mastic)覆盖，以便抵抗海底环境。作为一种选择，盖23可以通过任意其它适当的手段(/构件，means)固定于内圈2。
盖23是环状的。作为一种选择，盖23可以包括多个在周向上相邻的盖部件。
所述周向槽21中安装有上密封件25、26、27、28。在图2所示的实施方式中，内圈2设置有四个上密封件。作为一种选择，内圈2可以包括两个或多于两个上密封件。密封件25、26、27、28可以由例如丁晴橡胶等的弹性材料制成。密封件25、26、27、28旨在限制来自海底环境的液体、颗粒和尘土渗入内圈2与外圈3之间。
上密封件25、26、27、28分别设置有：环状踵25a、26a、27a、28a，其安装在所述槽21中；和密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b，其从所述踵沿径向向外朝向外圈3延伸。
肩22设置有环状的轴向环(collar)29，轴向环29在径向向外的方向上沿径向阻挡最下方的密封件25的环状踵25a。盖23也设置有环状的轴向环30，轴向环30在径向向外的方向上沿径向阻挡最上方的密封件28的环状踵28a。
密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b相对于内圈2的形成有周向槽21的外正面20在径向向外错开地突出。此外，密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b相对于盖23在径向向外错开地突出。密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b在径向上是柔性的。有利的是，密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b相对于径向平面倾斜地延伸。有利的是，最下方的密封件25设置有定向与其它最上方的密封件26、27、28的密封唇相反的密封唇25b。
密封唇25b能够弹性变形，并且与设置于外圈3的开孔部15的滑动接触面滑动接触。
密封唇26b、27b、28b能够弹性变形，并且与设置于环状密封接触构件31的开孔部32的滑动接触面滑动接触，密封接触构件31安装于外圈3的上表面14。在图示的实施方式中，上表面14在周向上设置有多个轴向螺纹孔(未标记)。密封接触构件31设置有多个轴向通孔(未标记)，各所述孔均在轴向上面对相应的螺纹孔。密封接触构件31通过延伸穿过盖孔且与外圈3的螺纹孔接合的多个螺丝(未标记)固定于外圈3。有利的是，螺丝的头由玛蹄脂覆盖，以便抵抗海底环境。作为一种选择，密封接触构件31可以通过任意其它适当的手段固定于外圈3。
密封接触构件31是环状的。作为一种选择，密封接触构件31可以包括多个在周向上相邻的部件。作为一种选择，密封唇26b、27b、28b能够弹性变形，并且与设置于外圈3的开孔部15的密封接触面滑动接触。作为一种选择，密封件25b能够弹性变形，并且与密封接触构件31滑动接触。
密封唇25b、26b、27b、28b为外圈3提供动态密封功能。术语“动态密封”被理解为是指能够相对于彼此移动的两个部件之间的密封。唇26b、27b、28b与安装于外圈3的密封接触构件31的密封接触面滑动摩擦接触，唇25b与设置于外圈3的开孔部15的密封接触面摩擦接触。因而，唇具有与外圈3和牢固地固定于所述外圈3的密封接触构件31接触的区域。唇与所述密封接触面之间的摩擦接触是径向的。
有利的是，唇的自由端的截面呈三角形，以便限制密封件25、26、27、28与外圈3和密封接触构件31之间的摩擦。
根据本发明，盖23还设置有盖密封构件33。盖密封构件33包括：环状踵33a，其安装在形成于盖23的开孔部的周向缝34中；和密封唇33b，其沿径向向内朝向外圈3突出。密封唇33b具有与设置于密封接触构件31的上表面的密封接触面滑动摩擦接触的自由端。密封唇33b为固定于外圈3的密封接触构件31提供动态密封功能。在这种情况下，密封唇33b与构件31之间的接触是轴向的。
有利的是，盖密封构件33的踵33a设置有至少一个通孔33c，以便使海水与回转轴承1的内部之间的压力平衡。盖密封构件33的目的不是为了防止海水的进入，密封件25至28具有该功能。盖密封构件33阻挡磨粒和海洋物种(例如，浮游生物和藻类)的进入。盖密封构件33允许保护最内侧的密封件25至28，于是允许延长最内侧的密封件25至28的使用寿命。
回转轴承1还包括位于下侧Cl的下密封件35。下密封件35在轴向上与上密封件25、26、27、28和盖密封构件33相对。内密封件35包括：环状踵35a，其安装在形成于内圈2的外表面20的周向缝36中；和密封唇35b，其沿径向向内朝向外圈3突出。密封唇25b具有与设置于外圈3的开孔部15的密封接触面滑动摩擦接触的自由端。在这种情况下，密封唇35b与外圈3之间的接触是径向的。作为一种选择，下密封件35可以安装在外圈3中。
密封件25和35在内圈2与外圈3之间限定出供多列滚珠4、5配置的环状封闭腔37。有利的是，环状封闭腔37设置有润滑剂。最内侧的密封件25允许防止润滑油泄漏。两个最外侧的密封件27、28允许防止外部污染颗粒、尘土和液体的侵入。在密封件25、27、28中的一者损坏的情况下，中间的密封件26形成备用密封件。
周向槽21中配置有第一引导圈38和第二引导圈39。引导圈38、39是环状的。第一引导圈38在轴向上安装在密封件26的环状踵26a与密封件27的环状踵27a之间。第二引导圈39在轴向上安装在密封件27的环状踵27a与密封件28的环状踵28a之间。
在图1所示的实施方式中，两个引导圈38、39是类似的。
第一引导圈38包括沿径向向外朝向外圈3突出的凸缘38a。凸缘38a斜地延伸，并且设置有沿与第三上密封件27的密封唇27b相同的方向倾斜的支撑面，以便防止所述密封唇27的任何复原。
引导圈38还包括环状的轴向环38b，轴向环38b在径向向外的方向上沿径向阻挡第二上密封件26的环状踵26a。在轴向上相邻的密封件25、26的踵25a、25b在轴向上维持在设置于内圈2的外表面20的肩22与引导圈38之间。此外，所述踵25a在径向上维持在轴向环29与内圈2的槽21的底表面之间，踵25b在径向上维持在引导圈38的轴向环38b与内圈2的槽21的底表面之间。
第二引导圈39包括沿径向向外朝向外圈3突出的凸缘39a。凸缘39a斜地延伸，并且设置有沿与最上方的密封件28的密封唇28b相同的方向倾斜的支撑面，以便防止所述密封唇28的任何复原。
引导圈39还包括环状的轴向环39b，轴向环39b在径向向外的方向上沿径向阻挡第三上密封件27的环状踵27a。密封件27的踵27a在轴向上维持在第一引导圈38与第二引导圈39之间。此外，所述踵27a在径向上维持在第二引导圈39的轴向环39b与内圈2的槽21的底表面之间。密封件38的踵28a在径向上维持在第二引导圈39与盖23之间。此外，所述踵28a在径向上维持在盖23的轴向环30与内圈2的槽21的底表面之间。
由盖23、密封件25、26、27、28和引导圈38、39形成的密封组件相对于内圈2在轴向和径向上维持不变。另外，在回转轴承的组装期间，这些元件容易沿轴向安装。在维护操作期间，这些元件还容易拆下和用新的元件更换。
作为一种选择，回转轴承1可以仅包括三个密封件25、26、27和一个引导圈38。作为一种选择，回转轴承1可以包括多于四个密封件，引导圈设置在两个相邻密封件之间，其中倾斜唇具有相同的定向。
在图2所示的实施方式中，第一引导圈38还设置有通孔38c。在径向上，通孔38c在一侧朝向外圈3开口，在相反侧朝向被设置成穿过内圈2的泄漏通道40开口。泄漏通道40在径向上向设置于内圈2的外表面20的槽21的底表面开口。由与通孔38c连通的泄漏通道限定的通道在密封件26与密封件27之间开口。污染物进入该通道表明密封件27和28被磨损了，并且不再能够确保各自的密封功能。于是，回转轴承1的维护操作是必须的。通道40可以设置有用于检测该污染物和用于发出警告的传感器。
本发明提供能够确保第一圈与第二圈之间的相对旋转的回转轴承，该轴承借助于包括安装于一个圈的上密封件和安装于另一个圈的引导圈的密封构件，已经改善了密封性。该密封构件能够通过滑动摩擦密封来密封第一圈与第二圈之间的空间，以便限制污染颗粒和液体沿滚动元件的方向的侵入，并且保证较长的使用寿命。

Claims (9)

1.一种回转轴承(1)，包括：
-第一圈(2)；
-第二圈(3)，所述第一圈(2)和所述第二圈(3)能够绕着旋转轴线相对旋转；
-至少一列滚动元件(4、5)，其配置在所述第一圈(2)和所述第二圈(3)之间；以及
-至少一个密封件(25、26、27、28)，其具有环状踵(25a、26a、27a、28a)和密封唇(25b、26b、27b、28b)，所述密封件的环状踵(25a、26a、27a、28a)安装在设置于所述第一圈(2)的周向槽(21)中，所述密封件的密封唇(25b、26b、27b、28b)与所述第二圈(3)的一部分滑动摩擦接触，所述周向槽(21)朝向所述第二圈开口并介于肩(22)与盖(23)之间，所述盖(23)通过固定手段固定于所述第一圈(2)，
其特征在于，所述盖(23)包括具有环状踵(33a)和密封唇(33b)的盖密封构件(33)，所述盖密封构件(33)的环状踵(33a)安装在形成于所述盖(23)的正表面的周向缝(34)中，所述盖密封构件(33)的密封唇(33b)从所述盖密封构件(33)的踵(33a)朝向所述第二圈(3)突出，所述盖密封构件(33)的密封唇(33b)具有与所述第二圈(3)的一部分滑动摩擦接触的自由端，
所述盖(23)设置有环状的轴向环(30)，所述盖的轴向环(30)阻挡与所述盖(23)相邻的密封件(28)的环状踵(28a)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述周向槽(21)的肩(22)设置有环状的轴向环(29)，所述肩的轴向环(29)阻挡与所述肩(22)相邻的密封件(25)的环状的踵(25a)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述盖密封构件(33)的踵(33a)设置有至少一个通孔(33c)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述盖密封构件(33)的密封唇(33b)抵靠所述第二圈(3)的侧表面滑动摩擦接触。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述第二圈(3)设置有密封接触构件(31)，所述密封接触构件(31)具有与所述盖密封构件(33)的密封唇(33b)滑动摩擦接触的表面，所述密封接触构件(31)固定于所述第二圈(3)的侧表面(14)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述密封接触构件(31)通过多个螺丝固定于所述第二圈(3)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述盖(23)通过多个螺丝固定于所述第一圈(2)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述螺丝由玛蹄脂覆盖。
9.根据权利要求7所述的回转轴承，其特征在于，所述螺丝由玛蹄脂覆盖。
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GB2610469B (en) 2023-07-19
GB2610469A (en) 2023-03-08
US10948019B2 (en) 2021-03-16
DE102018213356A1 (de) 2019-10-24
DE102018213357A1 (de) 2019-10-24
FR3080415B1 (fr) 2021-12-31
GB2573195B (en) 2022-09-28
US11306781B2 (en) 2022-04-19
CN110397677A (zh) 2019-11-01
DE102019205525A1 (de) 2019-10-24
FR3080417B1 (fr) 2021-05-28
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CN110397679A (zh) 2019-11-01
CN110397678A (zh) 2019-11-01
GB202208246D0 (en) 2022-07-20
US11022177B2 (en) 2021-06-01
FR3080416B1 (fr) 2021-05-28
US11022176B2 (en) 2021-06-01
US20210164520A1 (en) 2021-06-03
GB2573195A (en) 2019-10-30
FR3080415A1 (fr) 2019-10-25
GB201902615D0 (en) 2019-04-10
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FR3106173A1 (fr) 2021-07-16

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