CN110396028B - Biological organic fertilizer suitable for rape and application thereof - Google Patents

Biological organic fertilizer suitable for rape and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110396028B
CN110396028B CN201910620698.XA CN201910620698A CN110396028B CN 110396028 B CN110396028 B CN 110396028B CN 201910620698 A CN201910620698 A CN 201910620698A CN 110396028 B CN110396028 B CN 110396028B
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rape
organic fertilizer
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CN110396028A (en
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马丽
曹立湘
赵述淼
赵星
曹伟
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Hubei Xinbaode Bio Tech Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F1/00Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • C05F1/005Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biological organic fertilizers, and discloses a biological organic fertilizer suitable for rape and application thereof, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45-55% of white spirit vinasse powder, 20-25% of rape seed meal, 15-25% of rape straw powder, 0.3-0.5% of compound microbial agent and 5-8% of crawfish shell powder. The bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting a specific compound microbial agent, and industrial and agricultural wastes such as white spirit vinasse, rape straws, crayfish shells and the like can be effectively utilized, so that the production cost can be reduced, the incidence rate of sclerotinia rot of rape can be reduced, and the yield of rape can be improved.

Description

Biological organic fertilizer suitable for rape and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biological organic fertilizers, and particularly discloses a biological organic fertilizer suitable for rape and application thereof.
Background
As an important material input product in modern agricultural production, the fertilizer plays an extremely important irreplaceable role in ensuring high and stable yield and potential performance of quality of crops. Compared with other major rape producing countries in the world, the rape planting area in China is over hundred million mu, the whole field conditions of rape planting in China are poor, the soil organic matter content is low, the types and the degree of nutrient deficiency are multiple, the soil fertility preservation capability is poor, the soil foundation soil fertility level is low, and in addition, the soil nutrient supply capability is reduced due to the fact that most rape in China is planted as crops in winter, the factors of low air temperature, excessive soil humidity, insufficient soil moisture and the like coexist. The factors are superposed together, so that the average basic fertility of rape main production areas in China can only meet about 50 percent of the nutrient requirement of high yield of rape. At present, the fertilizer for rape generally uses traditional compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer and the like, but the traditional compound fertilizer has a single formula, cannot fully meet the growth requirement of rape plants, and has an unobvious implementation effect. The organic fertilizer is usually obtained by taking livestock and poultry manure as a main value, contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, heavy metals and other harmful substances if the fermentation is not thorough, and can pollute soil if the organic fertilizer is directly applied. At present, the livestock manure is treated by a biological fermentation technology, so that odor components such as hydrogen sulfide, indole, amine and the like in the livestock manure are rapidly decomposed, and cellulose, protein and the like in the livestock manure are degraded and converted into substances which are beneficial to plants and can be directly absorbed. The existing organic fertilizer biological fermentation technology has the following defects: the animal manure raw materials mainly adopted have large component difference, long fermentation period, incomplete killing of harmful bacteria and eggs, low organic matter conversion rate and poor deodorization effect, and may have certain potential safety hazard due to heavy metal or drug residues.
Therefore, a biological organic fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of rape plants needs to be researched, and the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by performing harmless treatment on vegetable raw materials, can promote the growth of the rape plants, can improve soil, can improve the quality of the rape plants and can improve the yield. The rape seed meal and the rape straws are both from rape crops, meet most of nutrient requirements of the growth of the rape crops, but have potential safety risks that the crops are infected by the plant pathogenic microorganisms when being directly applied. The invention takes the rape seed meal and the rape straws as main raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation, and the biological organic fertilizer suitable for the growth requirement of rape is produced by decomposing and killing plant pathogenic microorganisms through compound microorganism high-temperature composting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape, which utilizes wastes such as rape straws, white spirit vinasse and the like, does not contain harmful bacteria and worm eggs, does not contain the content of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metal and the like, can reduce the production cost, improves the quality of rape and increases the yield.
The invention also aims to provide application of the bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape is prepared by composting and fermenting materials with a compound microbial preparation, and then stacking and aging after fermentation;
the material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of white spirit vinasse powder, 20-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 15-25 parts of rape straw powder, 0.3-0.5 part of compound microbial agent and 5-8 parts of crawfish shell powder;
the effective viable count of the microbial agent is 110-150 hundred million CFU/g, and the effective viable count comprises the following components: 9-12 hundred million CFU/g of myceliophthora thermophila, 80-120 hundred million CFU/g of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of trichoderma harzianum, 15-30 hundred million CFU/g of bacillus coagulans, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of paenibacillus polymyxa, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of aspergillus oryzae and 3-5 hundred million CFU/g of lactobacillus plantarum;
the myceliophthora thermophila is as follows: myceliophtora thermophila MT1810 with the preservation number: CCTCC NO: m2018705;
the aspergillus oryzae comprises: aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) A08, accession No.: CCTCC NO: m2019505;
the lactobacillus plantarum comprises the following components: lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantaLum) L16 with the deposit number: CCTCC NO: m2019502;
the other strains are commercial strains;
the bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of white spirit vinasse powder, 20 parts of rape seed meal, 24 parts of rape straw powder, 0.5 part of compound microbial agent and 5.5 parts of crawfish shell powder;
the bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: white spirit vinasse powder 55, rape seed meal 15, rape straw powder 23, compound microbial agent 0.3 and crawfish shell powder 6.7;
the biological organic fertilizer is preferably turned and piled every day after the fermentation temperature is increased to above 60 ℃, and 1-2 times a day;
preferably, the total weight of the biological organic fertilizer is 50-60% of the wet weight of the material in the initial fermentation stage, namely the fermentation is finished;
the biological organic fertilizer is preferably piled and aged for 10-20 days.
The application of the bio-organic fertilizer suitable for the rape comprises preparing the organic fertilizer for resisting the sclerotinia rot of the rape or directly preparing the organic fertilizer for the rape.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the main raw materials of the fertilizer are industrial and agricultural wastes such as white spirit vinasse, rape straws, crayfish shells and the like, and the raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure are generally adopted in the current organic biological fertilizer. Livestock and poultry manure usually contains pathogenic microorganisms, roundworm eggs, heavy metals, medicine residues and the like, and has certain safety risk. The biological organic fertilizer mainly adopts plant matrix raw materials, is safe and controllable, and has no risk.
2. In the preparation method, because the crayfish shells are added, the crayfish shells are degraded into chitosan by microorganisms in the composting fermentation process. The chitosan is used for regulating soil nutrients, promoting N, C, P and mineral element absorption of plants, inducing plants to generate disease resistance, promoting crop growth and improving crop quality.
3. The preparation method adopts a stacking fermentation decomposition technology, decomposes and converts organic matters in the material by utilizing the metabolic activity of compound microorganisms, so that nutrient elements and the organic matters in the material are stabilized and harmless; meanwhile, the self-screened strains are added, so that the amino acid content in the fertilizer is increased, and the effect of inhibiting sclerotinia sclerotiorum is achieved.
4. The biological organic fertilizer can improve soil, fertilize soil, provide nutrition for crops, and promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and is particularly suitable for the growth of rape plants, thereby increasing the yield of rape and improving the quality of rape.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be better understood from the following examples, which are provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The technical schemes of the invention are conventional schemes in the field if not particularly stated; the reagents or materials, if not specifically mentioned, are commercially available.
The strains involved in the embodiment of the invention are derived from the following sources:
the myceliophthora thermophila is as follows: myceliophtora thermophila MT1810 with the preservation number: CCTCC NO: m2018705;
the aspergillus oryzae comprises: aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) A08, accession No.: CCTCC NO: m2019505;
the lactobacillus plantarum comprises the following components: lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantaLum) L16 with the deposit number: CCTCC NO: m2019502;
the bacillus subtilis comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis, from Huayang science and technology development Limited, Hubei;
the trichoderma harzianum is as follows: trichoderma harzianum, from North Hu China bioengineering, Inc.;
the bacillus coagulans is as follows: bacillus coagulans from Huayang scientific and technological development Limited, Hubei;
the paenibacillus polymyxa is as follows: paenibacillus polymyxa, from warhamaceae nob biotechnology ltd;
the distiller's grains powder is obtained by producing Chinese liquor from sorghum as raw material by strong aromatic Chinese liquor process.
Example 1:
mutagenesis screening of Aspergillus oryzae protease high-producing strains:
cobalt 60 mutagenesis was performed at the irradiation center of the farm institute of Hubei province. Taking a fresh aspergillus oryzae strain inclined plane rich in spores, washing the spores with a proper amount of sterile water containing 0.1 percent of Tween 80, counting blood corpuscle plates and diluted plating plates to ensure that the number of the spores is 107More than one/mL. 5ml of each spore suspension was placed in 4 sterile triangular flasks and irradiated with 185Gy, 395Gy, 605Gy, 815Gy of cobalt 60 gamma rays, respectively, and the control was not irradiated. And (3) coating the spore liquid subjected to radiation irradiation on a casein culture medium, culturing, counting, selecting 70-80 colonies with large transparent circles, and storing on a PDA inclined plane.
Respectively culturing the strains which are primarily screened and stored by using a bran culture medium, determining the enzyme activity of protease, and storing the strains with high enzyme activity; and meanwhile, inoculating the screened high-enzyme-activity strain into a culture medium which takes yellow wine lees as a main matrix, carrying out enzyme activity determination, and selecting the strain with the highest enzyme activity for carrying out the next round of mutagenesis.
After the mutagenesis by cobalt 60, an aspergillus oryzae high-yield strain with high growth speed and strong enzyme production capacity is screened, the strain is inoculated on a bran solid culture medium in an inoculation amount of 1 percent (m/m) and grows for 48 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃, and the protease activity can reach 5150U/g (calculated on a dry basis).
The strain is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) in 2019, 7 months and 1 days, and is classified and named as follows: aspergillus oryzae A08 with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: m2019505, address: wuhan university in Wuhan, China.
Casein medium: casein 4g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g,Na2HPO4·7H2O 1.07g,KH2PO40.36g, 20g of agar, 1000mL of distilled water, pH6.5-7.0, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min.
PDA culture medium: 200g of potato (peeled), 20g of cane sugar and 1000mL of water. Peeling potato, cutting into small pieces, adding 1000mL of water into a pot, boiling for half an hour, filtering with double-layer gauze, adding sugar into the filtrate, adding water to make up for 1000mL, adding 20g of agar, and keeping pH natural. Sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
Bran culture medium: 1000g of wheat bran and 1000mL of water, and the pH value is natural. Sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
Example 2:
screening of Lactobacillus plantarum L16 Strain:
1. preparation of a culture medium:
BCP culture medium peptone 5 g; 3g of yeast extract; 5g of lactose; 20g of agar; 10ml of 0.5 percent bromocresol purple; 1000ml of distilled water; the pH value is 6.8-7.0.
MRS liquid medium: 20g/L of glucose; peptone 10 g/L; 5g/L of yeast extract; 10g/L of beef extract powder; 2g/L of diammonium citrate; 5g/L of sodium acetate; tween 801 g/L; k2HPO 42 g/L; MgSO4 & 7H2O 0.058.058 g/L; MnSO 4.4H 2O 0.25.25 g/L; 1000ml of distilled water; pH6.5-6.8.
PDA culture medium: 200g of potatoes; 20g of glucose; 15-20 g of agar; 1000ml of distilled water; the pH was then adjusted to a natural pH.
Solid medium 1.5% agar was added based on liquid medium and all media were sterilized at 115 ℃ for 20 min.
2. Primary screening: placing 5g of pickle, orchard rhizosphere soil, vegetable field rotten leaves and chopped pepper samples in 300ml of MLS liquid culture medium for culturing for 12h respectively, taking 1ml of culture solution for gradient dilution, coating the culture solution on a BCP plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 48h, selecting bacterial colonies with typical lactic acid bacteria colony morphology (bacterial colony periphery is yellow) in the bacterial colonies, carrying out streak isolation culture, selecting about 5 samples, transferring the obtained single bacterial colonies to the MLS liquid culture medium for culturing for 12h, and preserving the MLS slant.
3. Re-screening: performing plate secondary screening on the 20 strains (numbered L1-L20) obtained by primary screening, and respectively detecting the bacteriostatic properties of the strains aiming at three common plant pathogenic bacteria of tomato early blight (pathogenic bacteria: alternaria solani), cucumber anthracnose (pathogenic bacteria: colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and cucumber fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum cucumber specialization type), wherein the specific steps are as follows:
using a puncher with the diameter of 0.6cm to punch a cultured pathogenic bacteria tablet on a PDA flat plate, transferring the cultured pathogenic bacteria tablet to the center of the other PDA flat plate, using a pick needle to symmetrically inoculate activated lactic acid bacteria (numbered L1-L20) at a position 3cm away from the edges of the pathogenic bacteria colony, inoculating only pathogenic bacteria in a control mode, and then culturing at the constant temperature of 26 ℃. When the contrast is full of the flat plate, the average colony diameter of pathogenic bacteria and the average bacteriostatic bandwidth of lactic acid bacteria are measured, the bacteriostatic rate is calculated, and the strength of the antagonistic action is measured according to the average bacteriostatic rate and the average bacteriostatic bandwidth of the lactic acid bacteria.
Finally, the strain L16 is screened out to show the best antagonistic effect on three pathogenic bacteria, the plate inhibition rate on colletotrichum is 44.29%, the inhibition rate on alternaria solani is 40%, and the inhibition rate on fusarium oxysporum cucumber transformation is 45.71% (Table 1). The strain L16 shows better biocontrol potential, and then the strain L16 is taken as a target for subsequent research.
TABLE 1 inhibitory Effect of Strain L16 on plant pathogenic fungi
Figure BDA0002125441460000051
Biochemical identification of strain L16: the selected objective strain L16 was briefly stained with crystal violet and observed by optical microscope. The strain is found to be gram-positive coccus, without spores, in straight or bent rod shape, single, paired or chain shape. The bacterial colony on MRS solid culture medium is milk white, and the surface is smooth and moistDrop, round, bump, and neat edge, the colony diameter is about 3 mm. The physiological and biochemical identification strain L16 is facultative anaerobic, does not reduce nitrate, does not liquefy gelatin, and is negative to both contact enzyme and oxidase. Can grow in gluconate and produce CO2(ii) a Producing L-lactic acid by using glucose homolactic fermentation; fermentation of 1 molecule of ribose or other pentose sugar produces 1 molecule of lactic acid and 1 molecule of acetic acid. The optimum growth temperature is 35 ℃.
16s identification of the strains: and (3) selecting an L16 single colony to amplify by using a universal primer, carrying out 16S LLNA sequencing analysis on an amplification product and constructing a phylogenetic tree. The result shows that the sequence has the highest similarity with 16S rDNA sequences of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.aLgeno Latens and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.plantaLum.99 percent, and the strain is determined to be the Lactobacillus plantarum and is named as Lactobacillus plantarum L16. The strain is delivered to China center for type culture Collection in 2019, 6 and 28 days, and is classified and named as follows: lactobacillus plantaLum L16 with the collection number: CCTCC NO: m2019502, address: wuhan university in Wuhan, China.
Example 3:
inhibition effect of lactobacillus plantarum L16 on pathogenic microorganisms of brassica napus:
using a puncher with the diameter of 0.6cm to punch a cultured rape pathogenic bacteria tablet on a PDA flat plate, transferring the cultured rape pathogenic bacteria tablet to the center of another PDA flat plate, using a pick needle to symmetrically inoculate activated lactobacillus plantarum L16 at a position 3cm away from the edge of a pathogenic bacteria colony, inoculating only pathogenic bacteria in a contrast manner, and then culturing at a constant temperature of 26 ℃. When the contrast is full of the flat plate, the average colony diameter of pathogenic bacteria and the average bacteriostatic bandwidth of the lactic acid bacteria are measured, the bacteriostatic rate is calculated, and the strength of the antagonistic action is measured according to the average bacteriostatic rate and the average bacteriostatic bandwidth of the lactic acid bacteria.
The strain L16 has good antagonistic effect on two pathogenic bacteria of rape, the plate inhibition rate on sclerotinia sclerotiorum is 37.14%, the inhibition rate on alternaria alternate is 48.57% (table 2), and the strain L16 has good biocontrol potential on rape.
TABLE 2 bacteriostatic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum L16 on oilseed rape pathogens
Figure BDA0002125441460000061
Example 4:
a bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape is obtained by the following steps:
crushing distiller's grains, rape straws and crayfish into 2-3 mm;
mixing 500kg of white spirit vinasse powder, 200kg of rape meal powder, 240kg of rape straw powder and 55kg of crawfish shell powder, adjusting the water content to 55%, inoculating 5kg of compound microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, turning over the piles every day after the fermentation temperature is raised to be above 60 ℃, 1-2 times every day, and the fermentation period is 21 days, wherein the whole weight of the material is 55% of the wet weight at the initial stage of fermentation. The ambient temperature in this example is 20-35 ℃.
The total bacteria number of the compound microbial agent is 140 hundred million CFU/g, and the compound microbial agent comprises: myceliophthora thermophila 10 hundred million CFU/g, bacillus subtilis 100 hundred million CFU/g, trichoderma harzianum 2 hundred million CFU/g, bacillus coagulans 20 hundred million CFU/g, paenibacillus polymyxa 2 hundred million CFU/g, aspergillus oryzae 2 hundred million CFU/g, lactobacillus plantarum 4 hundred million CFU/g.
After fermentation is finished, stacking and aging are carried out for 20 days, and then a finished product can be obtained.
Example 5:
a bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape is obtained by the following steps:
mixing 550kg of white spirit vinasse powder, 150kg of rape meal powder, 230kg of rape straw powder and 67kg of crawfish shell powder, adjusting the water content to 55%, inoculating 3kg of compound microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, turning over the piles every day after the fermentation temperature is raised to be above 60 ℃, 1-2 times every day, and the fermentation period is 28 days, wherein the total weight of the materials is 60% of the wet weight at the initial stage of fermentation. The ambient temperature in this example is 5-20 ℃.
The compound microbial inoculum used is the same as in example 4;
after fermentation is finished, stacking and aging are carried out for 20 days, and then a finished product can be obtained.
Example 6:
the physical and chemical indexes of the prepared organic fertilizer are as follows:
the bio-organic fertilizers prepared in examples 4 and 5 are tested according to indexes and methods specified in NY884-2012 bio-organic fertilizer industry standard, and the results are shown in Table 3 below, wherein the effective viable counts in the two samples are respectively 12.7 hundred million/g and 15.2 hundred million/g, which are much higher than 0.20 hundred million/g of the industry standard. Other technical indexes also all meet the requirements of NY 884-2012.
TABLE 3 detection results of bio-organic fertilizer
Item Example 4 sample Example 5 sample Technical index
Effective viable Count (CFU), hundred million/g 12.7 15.2 ≥0.20
Organic matter (on a dry basis)% 73.7 75.2 ≥40.0
Water content% 25.6 22.8 ≤30.0
pH 6.2 6.1 5.5-8.5
Fecal coliform count, number/g 18 23 ≤100
Mortality rate of roundworm eggs% 100 100 ≥95
Total arsenic (As) (on a dry basis), mg/kg 0.2 0.2 ≤15
Total cadmium (Cd) (on a dry basis), mg/kg 0.3 0.4 ≤3
Total lead (Pb) (on a dry basis), mg/kg Not detected out Not detected out ≤50
Total chromium (Cr) (dry basis), mg/kg 0.9 1.1 ≤150
Total mercury (Hg) (on a dry basis), mg/kg Not detected out Not detected out ≤2
Content of free amino acids (on a dry basis)% 1.21 1.08 /
The results of aflatoxin and sclerotinia sclerotiorum detection of the bio-organic fertilizer prepared in example 4 are shown in table 4 below, wherein aflatoxin B in the organic fertilizer1Is greatly degraded with the degradation rate of 65 percent; after high-temperature compost fermentation, sclerotinia sclerotiorum spores in the organic fertilizer are completely killed, and the sclerotinia sclerotiorum spores cannot be detected after fermentation. The bio-organic fertilizer can be safely used for the fertilization of rape crops.
TABLE 4 detection results of mycotoxins and sclerotinia in bio-organic fertilizer
Name of item Before fermentation After fermentation
Aflatoxin B1On a dry basis,. mu.g/kg 10 3.5
Number of sclerotinia/kg 120 Not detected out
Example 7:
the bio-organic fertilizer prepared in the example 4 is used for rape planting tests to verify the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and disease control of rape.
The experiment was set up with two treatments: (1) blank control, mu applied Urea (H)2NCONH2)25kg of monoammonium phosphate (NH)4H2PO4)9kg, potassium chloride (KCl)10kg, boron (Na)2B4O7·10H2O)0.4 kg; (2) biological organic fertilizer group, urea (H) is applied per mu2NCONH2)25kg of monoammonium phosphate (NH)4H2PO4)9kg, potassium chloride (KCl)10kg, boron (Na)2B4O7·10H2O)0.4kg and biological organic fertilizer 50 kg. The test was performed in random block arrangements, three replicates, each cell having an area of 20m2. The test rape variety is medium oil hybrid No. 5, the rape planting density is 20000 plants/mu, 600 plants are planted in each cell, and the test is completed in a test field in the university of Huazhong agriculture.
The test results are shown in table 5, compared with the blank control group, the bio-organic fertilizer treatment group has the advantages that the morbidity of sclerotinia rot of rape in the mature period is reduced by 36.7%, the disease index is reduced by 53.2%, and the yield is improved by 12.2%.
TABLE 5 Effect of bioorganic fertilizers on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and yield
Item Disease percentage (%) Index of disease condition Yield of the product
Control group 9.8 8.25 2198.8
Test group 6.2 3.86 2467.0
Amplification of -36.7% -53.2% +12.2%
In the invention, the lactobacillus plantarum L16 has good antagonism and inhibition effects on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and can effectively reduce the incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. And simultaneously, the aspergillus oryzae A08 has high protease activity, can well decompose crude protein in white spirit vinasse and rapeseed meal, and improves the content of amino acid in a fermentation product.
Meanwhile, the microorganisms can generate a large amount of heat in the fermentation process, so that the moisture in the fermentation substrate mixture can be volatilized, the dehydration effect is achieved, and the generated heat can effectively and thoroughly kill harmful bacteria and worm eggs. The bacillus coagulans and the lactobacillus plantarum L16 can generate lactic acid, so that deacetylated molecular groups of chitin in the shells of the crayfish are changed into chitosan. The chitosan has effects of preventing spore germination and hypha growth of plant pathogenic bacteria, inducing plant protection function against pathogenic bacteria infection, and promoting plant growth.

Claims (8)

1. A bio-organic fertilizer suitable for rape is prepared by composting and fermenting materials with a compound microbial agent, and composting and aging after fermentation is finished;
the material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of white spirit vinasse powder, 20-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 15-25 parts of rape straw powder, 0.3-0.5 part of compound microbial agent and 5-8 parts of crawfish shell powder;
the effective viable count of the compound microbial agent is 110-150 hundred million CFU/g, and comprises the following components: 9-12 hundred million CFU/g of myceliophthora thermophila, 80-120 hundred million CFU/g of bacillus subtilis, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of trichoderma harzianum, 15-30 hundred million CFU/g of bacillus coagulans, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of paenibacillus polymyxa, 1-3 hundred million CFU/g of aspergillus oryzae and 3-5 hundred million CFU/g of lactobacillus plantarum;
the myceliophthora thermophila is as follows:Myceliophthora thermophila MT1810, accession number: CCTCC NO: m2018705
The aspergillus oryzae comprises: aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) A08, accession number: CCTCC NO: m2019505;
the lactobacillus plantarum comprises the following components: lactobacillus plantarum (A)Lactobacillus plantaLum) L16, accession number: CCTCC NO: and M2019502.
2. The organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the material comprise, by weight: 50 parts of white spirit vinasse powder, 20 parts of rape seed meal, 24 parts of rape straw powder, 0.5 part of compound microbial agent and 5.5 parts of crawfish shell powder.
3. The organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the material comprise, by weight: 55 parts of white spirit vinasse powder, 15 parts of rape seed meal, 23 parts of rape straw powder, 0.3 part of compound microbial agent and 6.7 parts of crawfish shell powder.
4. The organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is raised to above 60 ℃ and the pile is turned over every day for 1-2 times a day.
5. The organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total weight of the material is 50-60% of the wet weight of the material at the initial stage of fermentation, namely the fermentation is finished.
6. The organic fertilizer of claim 1 which is aged in a heap for 10-20 days.
7. The use of the bioorganic fertilizer of claim 1 in the preparation of an organic fertilizer for resisting sclerotinia rot of rape.
8. The application of the bioorganic fertilizer of claim 1 in preparing an organic fertilizer for rape.
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CN110937944B (en) * 2019-12-23 2022-05-06 安徽省紫园生态农业科技有限公司 Preparation method and use method of fertilizer based on Chinese rose planting
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