CN110386727B - Vertical flow-baffling compound reinforced denitrification and dephosphorization anti-blocking ecological filter dam for urban non-flood-passing river - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vertical flow-baffled composite enhanced denitrification and phosphorus removal anti-clogging ecological filter dam facing a non-flooding river channel in a city. The invention can effectively solve the problem that a large amount of suspended matter is contained in the inland water body of a city, which is easy to clog the filter material and reduce the water filtration and adsorption filtration efficiency. As the operation time increases, the filter dam gradually becomes a water blocking dam, which seriously affects its water purification effect and drainage capacity. The technical solution is to include a front dam body, a middle dam body and a rear dam body arranged in sequence on the bottom dam foundation. The front dam body is provided with a sedimentation tank along the bottom of the upstream slope. The middle dam body is composed of a front stilling filter tank and a vertical flow-baffled composite water purification area behind it. The present invention can effectively increase the dissolved oxygen in the river, prolong the hydraulic retention time, provide the environment required for multi-stage nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus removal reactions, and strengthen the denitrification and phosphorus removal effects. The invention is an innovation in anti-clogging ecological filter dams.

Description

A vertical flow-bend compound enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal for urban non-flooding rivers Anti-blocking ecological filter dam

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of river sewage treatment, in particular to a vertical flow-bend compound enhanced denitrification, dephosphorization and anti-blocking ecological filter dam for urban non-flooding rivers.

Background technique

The water flow velocity in urban non-flood-carrying rivers is often low. Oligotrophy, low C/N ratio, and low dissolved oxygen concentration are the main causes of water pollution, which affects the decomposition of pollutants and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by microorganisms in river water. Rivers are a key component of my country's current water ecosystem, and their importance to human survival and development is self-evident. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out ecological purification of river water quality and ensure the ecological health of rivers.

Ecological filter dams, also known as permeable dams or filter dams, use the principles of rapid infiltration and artificial wetlands to purify water through matrix adsorption and filtration and biological action. As a biological-ecological purification technology, ecological filter dams have attracted more and more attention because they can purify river water in situ. At present, most domestic and foreign studies mainly focus on improving the adsorption and purification capacity of filter dams by improving the ecological matrix of the dam body. However, due to the volume limitation of the dam body, the limited action time of the matrix filter material, the single ecological environment, and the inability to effectively decompose pollutants, and because the urban inflow water contains a large amount of suspended matter, it is easy to clog the filter material, reduce the efficiency of water filtration and adsorption filtration, and as the operation time increases, the filter dam gradually becomes a water blocking dam, seriously affecting its water purification effect and drainage capacity. Therefore, the improvement of ecological filter dams is an urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical flow-bend compound enhanced denitrification and phosphorus removal and anti-blocking ecological filter dam facing the urban non-flood river channel, which can effectively solve the problem that the urban inflow water contains a large amount of suspended matter, which is easy to block the filter material and reduce the water filtration and adsorption filtration efficiency. As the operating time increases, the filter dam gradually becomes a water blocking dam, which seriously affects its water purification effect and drainage capacity.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is to include a front dam body, a middle dam body and a rear dam body which are sequentially arranged on the bottom dam foundation. The front dam body is provided with a sedimentation pool along the bottom of the upstream slope. The middle dam body is composed of a front force dissipation filter pool and a vertical flow-baffle compound water purification zone behind it. The vertical flow-baffle compound water purification zone is composed of three filling areas fixed by three layers of stainless steel mesh cages. The first layer of the filling area from bottom to top is a slow-release carbon source matrix layer, the second layer is a Fe/C and zeolite mixed matrix layer, and the third layer is a mixed filling layer of crushed stone and ceramsite. The vertical flow-baffle compound water purification zone is separated by reinforced concrete walls. The reinforced concrete walls are It is equipped with multiple water holes, an anti-clogging warning float rod is set in front of the wall, an adjustable water baffle is set in front of the vertical flow-baffled compound water purification area, a detachable water inlet filter is set on the upper part of the front energy dissipation filter pool, a steel body frame is placed at the bottom, and multiple porous aeration backwash pipes are arranged parallel to the water flow direction at the lower part of the steel body frame. Overflow troughs are set on both sides of the rear of the front dam body, and a double-layer ecological planting blanket with fixed upper emergent plants is laid on the surface of the vertical flow-baffled compound water purification area. Different types of water-purifying emergent plants are planted on the surface of the double-layer ecological planting blanket in each area, and a flow sensor is set behind the rear dam body, and the flow sensor is fixed on the fixed frame.

The present invention can effectively increase the dissolved oxygen in the river, prolong the hydraulic retention time, provide the environment required for multi-stage nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus removal reactions, and enhance the denitrification and phosphorus removal effects; in addition, planting a variety of emergent plants on the dam can improve the river habitat and further enhance the water purification capacity. The filter dam can effectively prevent blockage and can provide real-time warning of dam blockage. It has both practicality and landscape features and is an innovation in anti-blockage ecological filter dams.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a structural front view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a packing ball of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention includes a front dam body 2, a middle dam body and a rear dam body 3 which are sequentially arranged on the bottom dam foundation 4. The front dam body 2 is provided with a sedimentation tank 1 along the bottom of the upstream slope. The middle dam body is composed of a front force dissipation filter pool 5 and a vertical flow-bend compound water purification area 6 behind it. The vertical flow-bend compound water purification area 6 is composed of three filling areas fixed by three layers of stainless steel mesh cages 16. The first layer of the filling area from bottom to top is a slow-release carbon source matrix layer 17, the second layer is a Fe/C (iron-carbon filler) and zeolite mixed matrix layer 18, and the third layer is a mixed filling layer 19 of crushed stone and ceramsite. The vertical flow-bend compound water purification area 6 is separated by a reinforced concrete wall 7, and a plurality of passages are arranged on the reinforced concrete wall 7. A water hole 8 is provided, and an anti-clogging warning float 9 is arranged in front of the wall. An adjustable water baffle 10 is arranged in front of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area 6. A detachable water inlet filter 11 is arranged on the upper part of the front energy dissipation filter 5, and a steel body frame 12 is placed at the bottom. A plurality of porous aeration backwashing pipes 14 are arranged in parallel along the water flow direction at the lower part of the steel body frame 12. Overflow grooves 15 are arranged on both sides of the rear part of the front dam body 2. A double-layer ecological planting blanket 20 with fixed upper emergent plants is laid on the surface of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area 6. Different types of water-purifying emergent plants 21, 22, and 23 are planted on the surface of the double-layer ecological planting blanket 20 in each area. A flow sensor 24 is arranged behind the rear dam body 3, and the flow sensor 24 is fixed on the fixing frame 27.

In order to ensure the use effect, the aperture of the stainless steel mesh cage 16 is 16~20mm, and a flow baffle 25 made of reinforced concrete is arranged between each layer of stainless steel mesh cage 16 to support the upper stainless steel mesh cage 16. The steel bars are arranged at intervals of 50mm. Water flow areas 26 are staggered at both ends of the flow baffle 25. The water flow area 26 is 50~80mm wide, thereby forming a stable three-layer vertical vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area, increasing the multi-stage nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal processes, and extending the hydraulic retention time, which can effectively improve the denitrification and phosphorus removal effects.

The width of the pre-energy dissipation filter pool 5 is 1/4 to 1/3 of the total width of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area, and the height of the steel single frame 12 is 1/3 of the height of the pre-dam body 2, so as to form a water inlet drop weir, increase the contact area between the water flow and the air, and at the same time aerate the riverbed to increase the DO content of the incoming water. At the same time, the three outlets on the surface of the dam body of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area 6 are distributed in steps.

The front dam body 2 and the rear dam body 3 are both filled with zeolite and gravel, the filling particle size is 12-16 mm, and are tied and fixed by gabion mesh 28.

The detachable water inlet filter 11 is made of stainless steel wire with a pore size of 15~20mm. It is placed 6~10cm below the top of the front dam body 2. Its width is consistent with the width of the front energy dissipation filter pool 5. Its length is the dam length, that is, the river width minus the width of the overflow troughs on both sides. It is fixed between the front dam body 2 and the reinforced concrete wall 7 by buckles to block large pollutants such as debris, stones, and weeds.

The height of the steel single frame 12 is 1/3 of the height of the front dam body 2. The steel single frame 12 is loaded with filler balls 13. The filler balls 13 are filled with slow-release carbon source matrix balls, which can effectively release carbon sources into the water body for a long time and enhance the denitrification process.

The filler balls 13 are spherical balls made of polyethylene with holes evenly distributed on the peripheral wall, with a diameter of 95-105 mm and a hole diameter of 8-10 mm. The filling rate in the steel bar monomer frame 12 is 100%.

The diameter of the slow-release carbon source matrix ball is 11-13 mm, the filling rate in the filler ball 13 is 70%-80%, and the void rate between the matrix is 40%.

The slow-release carbon source matrix ball is a particle made by the preparation method of patent number ZL201610929155.2, comprising the following steps: (1) ingredients: the ecological matrix particles are made of the following raw materials by weight: 50% to 75% of high permeability porous inorganic material, 20% to 25% of inorganic binder and 3% to 5% of slow-release carbon source; the high permeability porous inorganic material is: a mixture of 2 or 3 of diatomaceous earth, calcium-based bentonite or zeolite powder; the inorganic binder is one of ordinary silicate cement, fly ash or slag silicate cement, or a mixture of two; the slow-release carbon source is corn cob; (2) corn cob modification: the corn cob is crushed into particles passing through a 40 to 60 mesh sieve, a 2% mass concentration sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the particles are soaked for 2 to 4 hours. h, rinse with clean water until the pH is neutral, dry in an oven at 60℃, and irradiate with ultraviolet light for 10 h to obtain modified corn cobs; (3) Granulation: Use a blender to mix the highly permeable porous inorganic material, inorganic binder and modified corn cobs evenly, place them in a granulator for granulation, spray water into the granulator at 20-25 r/min to gradually roll the raw materials into spherical particles with a diameter of 9-12 mm; (4) Curing: Spread the prepared spherical particles on a flat plate, place in a cool place, and cure for 3-5 days, spraying water once in the morning and evening every day until the surface of the particles is moistened, and then dry them to form ecological matrix particles.

The porous aeration backwashing pipe 14 has both aeration oxygenation and backwashing functions, is made of PE, has a pipe diameter of 80 mm, a distance between two pipes of 30-50 mm, and the diameter of the circular holes evenly distributed on the pipe wall is 5-8 mm, with a distance between two holes of 10-15 mm.

The overflow trough 15 has a width of 300 mm and is arranged at a height of 10 to 20 mm below the removable water inlet filter 11 to the bottom of the dam. It can be used as a diversion or backwash water overflow trough, or as a drainage overflow trough.

The stainless steel mesh cage 16 has an aperture of 16-20 mm, a length of 1/5-1/6 of the river width, a width of 1/3 of the total water purification zone width, and a height ratio of the three water purification zones of 5:4:3.

The slow-release carbon source matrix layer is composed of slow-release carbon source matrix balls, and the matrix particle size is 24-28 mm; the Fe/C and zeolite mixed matrix layer is composed of iron-carbon filler and zeolite, and the matrix particle size is 22-26 mm; the crushed stone and ceramsite mixed filler layer is composed of crushed stone and ceramsite, and the matrix particle size is 18-22 mm.

The reinforced concrete wall 7 has four water holes 8, which are arranged from front to back in two rows, one row in the upper part, two rows in the upper part, and one row in the upper part. The diameter of the water hole in the lower part of the first reinforced concrete wall 7 is 120-150 mm, and the diameters of the remaining water holes are 80-100 mm. The center distance of each row of water holes is 30-50 mm.

The water-purifying emergent plants 21, 22, 23 are reed, calamus, and loosestrife, respectively, with planting densities of 20 plants/ ^m2 , 20 plants/ ^m2 , and 25 plants/ ^m2 , respectively. The plant roots promote the microbial community to further enhance the denitrification effect. At the same time, the plant roots also have an enrichment effect on five heavy metals, chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead, and zinc, which can enhance the water purification effect.

The double-layer ecological blanket is a grid structure with an aperture of 8-15 mm, which can not only reinforce the planting of emergent plants, but also store water for the survival of plants during the intermittent operation of the filter dam.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The use of the present invention is that the height of the three filling layers in the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area 6 decreases step by step, and the decreasing height is 100~150mm, forming three waterfalls to increase the oxygen content in the water body. At the same time, combined with the vertical baffle type, an aerobic-anoxic-aerobic-anoxic environment is created, which can carry out two nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus removal reactions to enhance the nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal effects; when the filter dam is in operation, when the incoming water flow is small, the vertical-baffle type is mainly used, and when the incoming water flow is large, through the upper water hole, the surface flow and the vertical-baffle type are operated simultaneously. If the water volume is too large, part of the water volume can be discharged through the overflow troughs on both sides to reduce the incoming water load, maintain the normal operation of the filter dam, and have a drainage effect at the same time. Results: Water-purifying emergent plants are planted on the upper part of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area 6 of the filter dam, and the promotion effect of plant roots on the microbial community is utilized to further enhance the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects and purify the water quality; the water baffle 10 can adjust the height of the water hole 8 to thereby play a role in regulating the water inlet flow and adjusting the hydraulic retention time; during the dry season, the filter dam is in a waterless and dormant state. On the one hand, oxygen in the atmosphere enters the interior of the filter dam, accelerating the degradation of organic matter precipitated in the matrix. On the other hand, various nutrients required for microbial metabolism cannot be continuously supplemented, and the microorganisms in the matrix gradually enter the endogenous respiration period, consume extracellular polymers or intracellular components, and gradually age, die and fall off. The intermittent operation and alternating dry and wet conditions of the filter dam can effectively reduce the excessive accumulation of organic matter and extracellular polymers in the matrix gap, effectively prevent the filter dam from being blocked, and maintain the good infiltration function of the filter dam; the waterfall oxygenation and mechanical aeration in the pre-energy dissipation filter tank can significantly increase the DO content of the influent, improve the efficiency of microbial decomposition, and prevent the excessive accumulation of extracellular polymers in the filler of the 0-40cm section at the inlet, which can effectively prevent the filter dam from being blocked; each of the 3×5 modular matrices in the vertical flow-bend compound water purification area is equipped with an anti-blocking warning float 9, which is convenient for observing the blockage of the matrix of each module. It is beneficial to quickly replace the modular matrix after the filter dam is blocked to effectively restore the filtering function of the filter dam; the flow sensor 24 can judge the overall blockage state of the filter dam according to the size of the outflow flow, and is connected to the remote monitoring system to realize remote automatic online monitoring of the river flow. The overall blockage state of the filter dam can be judged according to the size of the outflow flow. It is fixed with a fixed frame, which is 0.3m higher than the bottom of the bed, with a limited flow rate range of 0.01m/s~6.0m/s, a water depth range of 0~5m, and a temperature range of 0~65℃; the flow rate of non-flood-carrying rivers in cities should not exceed 2m ³ / s, the water depth does not exceed 4m, and the suspended solids concentration does not exceed 60mg / L; when the front energy dissipation filter pool is backwashed, the adjustable water baffle 10 is lowered to close the lower water inlet, and the 20% to 30% void ratio of the matrix in the filler ball 13 is used to promote the collision and friction between the matrix balls and between the matrix balls and the flushing water flow, so as to bring out the internal blocking materials, and the overflow is discharged from the overflow troughs 15 on both sides with the water flow. At the same time, the filler balls are replaced every 3 to 5 months; in the dry season, the filter dam is in a waterless dormant state. In order to ensure the survival of the plants on the upper part of the dam body, the plants on the upper part of the dam body need to be watered and maintained at a frequency of 1 to 2 times a day.

The maximum water flow rate of the present invention is 2m ³ /s, the hydraulic retention time is 1h, and the empirical coefficient is 0.8. The minimum total design volume of the vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area is The height of the first clean water area is set to 4/5 of the normal water level. The height ratio of the three clean water areas is 15:12:9. The length is the dam length, that is, the river width minus the width of the overflow trough on both sides. The width of each clean water area is set the same. The total width calculation formula is/> .

The present invention aims at the cause of filter dam blockage. The water-facing slope of the front dam body can block heavy and large-volume materials such as gravel and silt. The water inlet filter can block garbage, aquatic plants, etc. The built-in filler balls in the front energy dissipation filter pool can effectively adsorb and filter suspended matter in the incoming water. Multiple suspended matter pretreatment measures can effectively prevent blockage in the purification area of the dam body. At the same time, the sedimentation tank, the detachable filter, the backwashing device, and the modular matrix layer simplify the difficulty of later cleaning and maintenance. The anti-blocking warning float rod and the flow sensor can reflect the blockage of the matrix of each module of the filter dam and the whole in real time, which is convenient for timely maintenance in the later stage. In addition, the intermittent operation and the alternating dry and wet state of the filter dam can effectively reduce the excessive accumulation of organic matter and extracellular polymers in the matrix gap, effectively prevent the filter dam from being blocked, and maintain the good percolation function of the filter dam. The slow-release carbon source matrix in the water purification area can effectively release carbon source into the water body for a long time, strengthen the denitrification effect, and the Fe/C matrix can achieve denitrification and phosphorus removal. The gravel and ceramsite layer combined with water purification type emergent plants can not only promote the growth of microbial communities, but also have the function of enriching various heavy metals and restoring the natural state of the water body. The vertical flow-baffle compound water purification area increases the hydraulic retention time by changing the flow direction of the water body, increases the contact area between the water body and the substrate, forms multiple environments of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic, can produce two nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus removal reactions, and improve the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus. The maximum processing flow rate of the present invention is ^2m3 /s. When the incoming water is too large, the purification process will change from vertical-baffle type to a combination of surface flow and vertical-baffle type. Part of the incoming water flows out through the surface of the dam plant, and at the same time, the overflow troughs on both sides can lead out part of the water to reduce the incoming water load.

The present invention has a simple structure, low cost and is easy to maintain and manage. Compared with the same type of filter dams, the present invention can stably reduce the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in river water from 21.26 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L to 8.47 mg/L and 0.35 mg/L, respectively, and the removal rates reach 60.1% and 16.7%, respectively. Compared with the same type of ordinary ecological filter dams, the total nitrogen removal rate is increased by about 28 percentage points, and the total phosphorus removal rate is increased by about 5 percentage points; at the same time, after the present invention has been running in an actual river for 6 months, the total nitrogen removal rate is still stable at more than 48%, the total phosphorus removal rate is still stable at more than 10%, and the water passing capacity is stable at more than 80% of the original. It has the advantages of good denitrification and phosphorus removal effect, anti-clogging, simple later cleaning and maintenance, easy monitoring of the filter dam operation, stable operation, etc., and has good economic and social benefits.

Claims (4)

1. The vertical flow-baffling compound enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal anti-blocking ecological filter dam for the urban non-flood-channel comprises a front dam body (2), a middle dam body and a rear dam body (3) which are sequentially arranged on a bottom dam foundation (4), and is characterized in that the front dam body (2) is provided with a slag basin (1) along the bottom of a water-facing slope, the middle dam body is composed of a front force absorption filter basin (5) and a vertical flow-baffling compound water purification area (6) at the rear of the front force absorption filter basin, the vertical flow-baffling compound water purification area (6) is composed of three filler areas fixed by three layers of stainless steel net cages (16), the first layer of the filler areas from bottom to top is a slow-release carbon source matrix layer (17), the second layer is Fe/C and zeolite mixed matrix layer (18), the third layer is mixed filler layer (19) of gravels and ceramsite, the areas of the vertical flow-baffling compound water purifying area (6) are separated by reinforced concrete walls (7), a plurality of water passing holes (8) are arranged on the reinforced concrete walls (7), anti-blocking early warning floating rods (9) are arranged in front of the walls, an adjustable water passing baffle (10) is arranged in front of the vertical flow-baffling compound water purifying area (6), a detachable water inlet filter screen (11) is arranged at the upper part of the front-mounted stilling water filtering pool (5), a reinforced monomer frame (12) is arranged at the bottom, a plurality of porous aeration backwash pipes (14) are arranged at the lower part of the reinforced monomer frame (12) in parallel along the water flow direction, two sides of the rear part of the front dam body (2) are provided with overflow grooves (15), a double-layer ecological planting blanket (20) for fixing emergent aquatic plants at the upper part is paved on the surface of the vertical flow-baffling compound water purifying area (6), different types of emergent aquatic plants (21, 22 and 23) are planted on the surface of the double-layer ecological planting blanket (20) in each area, a flow sensor (24) is arranged behind the dam of the rear dam body (3), and the flow sensor (24) is fixed on a fixing frame (27);

The aperture of the stainless steel net cage (16) is 16-20 mm, the length is 1/5-1/6 river width, the width is 1/3 total water purification area width, the height ratio of three sections of water purification areas is 5:4:3, an overflow baffle (25) made of reinforced concrete is arranged between the stainless steel net cages (16) of each layer to support the stainless steel net cage (16) at the upper part, the steel bars are arranged at intervals of 50mm, the two ends of the overflow baffle (25) are staggered to form water filtration areas (26), the width of the water filtration areas (26) is 50-80 mm, so that a stable three-layer vertical flow-baffling compound water purification area is formed, the multi-stage nitrification and denitrification and dephosphorization processes are increased, the hydraulic retention time is prolonged, and the denitrification and dephosphorization effects can be effectively improved;

The width of the preposed stilling water filtering pool (5) is 1/4-1/3 of the total width of the vertical flow-baffling compound water purifying area, the height of the reinforced monomer frame (12) is 1/3 of the height of the preposed dam body (2) so as to form a water inlet falling weir, the contact area of water flow and air is increased, meanwhile, aeration and oxygenation are carried out at the river bottom, the DO content of incoming water is increased, and meanwhile, the water outlets on the surfaces of three dams of the vertical flow-baffling compound water purifying area (6) are distributed in steps;

The height of the steel bar monomer frame (12) is 1/3 of the height of the front dam body (2), the steel bar monomer frame (12) is internally provided with a filling ball (13), the inside of the filling ball (13) is filled with a slow-release carbon source matrix ball, the diameter of the slow-release carbon source matrix ball is 11-13 mm, the filling rate in the filling ball (13) is 70% -80%, the interstitial rate of the matrix is 40%, and the carbon source can be effectively released into a water body for a long time and the denitrification process is enhanced;

the filler balls (13) are round balls with through holes uniformly distributed on the peripheral wall made of polyethylene, the diameter is 95-105 mm, the aperture is 8-10 mm, and the filling rate in the reinforced steel bar single frame (12) is 100%;

The slow-release carbon source matrix layer consists of slow-release carbon source matrix balls, and the particle size of the matrix is 24-28 mm; the Fe/C and zeolite mixed matrix layer consists of iron carbon filler and zeolite, and the particle size of the matrix is 22-26 mm; the mixed filler layer of the broken stone and the ceramsite consists of broken stone and ceramic, and the grain size of the matrix is 18-22 mm;

The slow-release carbon source matrix ball is a particle prepared by the following preparation method, and comprises the following steps: (1) batching: the ecological matrix particles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50% -75% of high-permeability porous inorganic material, 20% -25% of inorganic binder and 3% -5% of slow-release carbon source; the high-permeability porous inorganic material is as follows: 2 or 3 of diatomaceous earth, calcium bentonite or zeolite powder; the inorganic binder is one of ordinary Portland cement, fly ash or slag Portland cement or a mixture of the two; the slow-release carbon source is corncob; (2) corn cob modification: crushing corncob into particles which pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2%, soaking for 2-4 hours, flushing with clean water until the pH value is neutral, drying in a 60 ℃ oven, and irradiating with ultraviolet light for 10 hours to obtain modified corncob; (3) granulating: uniformly stirring and mixing the high-permeability porous inorganic material, the inorganic binder and the modified corncob by using a stirrer, granulating by putting into a granulator, spraying water into the granulator at 20-25 r/min, and gradually rolling the raw materials into spherical particles with the diameter of 9-12 mm; and (4) curing: spreading the prepared spherical particles on a flat plate, placing in a shade place, curing for 3-5 days, sprinkling water once each day in the morning and evening, sprinkling water until the surfaces of the particles are wet, and air-drying to obtain the ecological matrix particles.

2. The vertical flow-baffling compound reinforced denitrification and dephosphorization anti-blocking ecological filter dam for urban non-flood-channels according to claim 1, wherein the front dam body (2) and the rear dam body (3) are filled by zeolite and gravel, the filling particle size is 12-16 mm, and the filling particle size is bound and fixed by a gabion mesh (28).

3. The vertical flow-baffling compound reinforced denitrification and dephosphorization anti-blocking ecological filter dam for urban non-flood-channels according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the detachable water inlet filter screen (11) is made of stainless steel wires, has the aperture of 15-20 mm, is arranged 6-10 cm below the top of the front-mounted dam body (2), has the width consistent with the width of the front-mounted force-dissipating filter pond (5), has the length of the dam length, namely the width of overflow grooves on two sides subtracted from the river width, and is fixed between the front-mounted dam body (2) and the reinforced concrete wall (7) through a buckle so as to block large pollutants such as sundries, stones, weeds and the like; the reinforced concrete wall (7) is provided with four water holes (8) which are sequentially arranged into an upper row, a lower row, an upper row, a lower row and an upper row from front to back, the diameter of the water holes at the lower part of the first reinforced concrete wall (7) is 120-150 mm, the diameters of the rest water holes are 80-100 mm, and the circular center distance of each row of water holes is 30-50 mm.

4. The urban non-flood-channel-oriented vertical flow-baffling compound enhanced denitrification and dephosphorization anti-blocking ecological filter dam is characterized in that the porous aeration backwash pipe (14) has aeration oxygenation and backwash functions and is made of PE, the pipe diameter is 80 mm, the distance between the two pipes is 30-50 mm, the pore diameter of round holes uniformly distributed on the pipe wall is 5-8 mm, and the distance between the two holes is 10-15 mm; the width of the overflow groove (15) is 300mm, and the height is 10-20 mm below the detachable water inlet filter screen (11) to the dam bottom, so that the overflow groove can be used as a diversion and backwashing water overflow groove or a drainage overflow groove.