CN110385874A - A kind of novel inertia controllable press machine - Google Patents
A kind of novel inertia controllable press machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110385874A CN110385874A CN201910525035.XA CN201910525035A CN110385874A CN 110385874 A CN110385874 A CN 110385874A CN 201910525035 A CN201910525035 A CN 201910525035A CN 110385874 A CN110385874 A CN 110385874A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/26—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by cams, eccentrics, or cranks
- B30B1/266—Drive systems for the cam, eccentric or crank axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/12—Clutches specially adapted for presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/14—Control arrangements for mechanically-driven presses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型惯量可控压力机，属于压力机传动机构技术领域域。所述机身上安装有永磁同步伺服电机，所述永磁同步伺服电机输出轴上安装有电机同步轮，所述飞轮中部安装有齿轮轴，且齿轮轴与飞轮之间安装有离合器，所述齿轮轴输出端与大齿轮啮合，该新型惯量可控压力机将常规曲柄压力机的皮带传动改成同步带轮传动，保留飞轮惯量储能功能，但相比常规飞轮压力机而言，本发明的飞轮惯量是可控的，将异步电机改成同功率甚至更小功率的永磁同步伺服电机，实现类似的更高等效滑差率来让小功率电机充分做功，使其能量利用率提高，同时要将电机转子的转动惯量与飞轮匹配好，达到能量利用率最高。
The invention discloses a novel inertia controllable press, belonging to the technical field of press transmission mechanisms. A permanent magnet synchronous servo motor is installed on the fuselage, a motor synchronous wheel is installed on the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, a gear shaft is installed in the middle of the flywheel, and a clutch is installed between the gear shaft and the flywheel. The output end of the above-mentioned gear shaft meshes with the large gear. This new type of inertia controllable press changes the belt drive of the conventional crank press into a synchronous pulley drive, retaining the inertia energy storage function of the flywheel, but compared with the conventional flywheel press. The flywheel inertia of the invention is controllable, and the asynchronous motor is changed to a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor with the same power or even a lower power, so as to achieve a similar higher equivalent slip rate to allow the small power motor to fully perform work and improve its energy utilization rate , At the same time, it is necessary to match the moment of inertia of the motor rotor with the flywheel to achieve the highest energy utilization rate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种新型惯量可控压力机，属于压力机传动机构技术领域。The invention relates to a novel inertia controllable press, belonging to the technical field of press transmission mechanisms.
背景技术Background technique
现有的技术中，对于一般曲柄压力机而言，其驱机构主要包括有曲轴，曲轴经轴承支承在机架上，曲轴端部安装有传动齿轮，曲轴的曲柄上经连杆安装有滑块，电机轮和飞轮上设计有皮带槽，动力通过异步电机经皮带传动传递给飞轮，给飞轮不断补充冲压损失的转动动能，将动力由安装飞轮的齿轮轴传递给大齿轮，齿轮带动曲轴转动，曲轴经连杆驱动滑块上下运动，其中通过离合器控制飞轮与齿轮轴传递动力的通断。滑块向下运动时实现冲压、拉伸，每次冲压过程中由于冲压工件，飞轮转速被迫降低，这时皮带打滑，电机也需要一定的滑差率，被迫降速，持续做功时间越长需要的速降越大，比如拉伸就需要速降较大。In the existing technology, for general crank presses, the drive mechanism mainly includes a crankshaft, the crankshaft is supported on the frame through bearings, a transmission gear is installed at the end of the crankshaft, and a slider is installed on the crank of the crankshaft through a connecting rod. , The motor wheel and the flywheel are designed with a belt groove, the power is transmitted to the flywheel through the asynchronous motor through the belt drive, and the flywheel is continuously replenished with the rotational kinetic energy lost in stamping, and the power is transmitted from the gear shaft on which the flywheel is installed to the large gear, and the gear drives the crankshaft to rotate. The crankshaft drives the slider to move up and down through the connecting rod, and the clutch controls the power transmission between the flywheel and the gear shaft. Stamping and stretching are realized when the slider moves downward. During each stamping process, due to the stamping of the workpiece, the flywheel speed is forced to decrease. At this time, the belt slips, and the motor also needs a certain slip rate. The speed is forced to slow down, and the longer the continuous work time The greater the speed drop required, such as stretching, the greater the speed drop required.
转动动能损失部分即为冲压消耗功，损失的动能部分在非做功行程时由电机经皮带将飞轮转速补回，如此周期往复完成连续的冲压工作。其中滑块下行为工作行程，滑块向上行为空回行程；常规的曲柄压力机由于滑块运动曲线为等速正余弦曲线，所以在工作时，工作行程与空回行程运用了同样的时间，空回行程中浪费了时间，导致生产效率低下。且由于下行速度较快，在厚板落料时冲击振动较大，滑块及其它周边零部件由于振动原因较易发生故障；在做拉伸工艺时由于速度较快，容易将产品拉裂、拉皱，为降低拉伸工件的滑块线速度，不得不降低曲轴转速来实现，即降低行程次数，损失工作效率为代价，这样进一步降低拉伸这类工艺的工作效率。The lost part of rotational kinetic energy is the work consumed by stamping, and the lost kinetic energy is compensated by the motor through the belt during the non-working stroke, and the continuous stamping work is completed in such a cycle. Among them, the downward behavior of the slider is the working stroke, and the upward behavior of the slider is the empty return stroke; because the movement curve of the conventional crank press is a constant velocity sine and cosine curve, the working stroke and the empty return stroke take the same time when working. Time wasted on empty return trips, resulting in low productivity. Moreover, due to the fast downward speed, the impact and vibration are relatively large when the thick plate is blanked, and the slider and other peripheral parts are more prone to failure due to vibration; due to the high speed during the stretching process, it is easy to pull the product. Wrinkling, in order to reduce the linear speed of the slider for stretching the workpiece, it has to be realized by reducing the crankshaft speed, that is, reducing the number of strokes and losing work efficiency, which further reduces the work efficiency of such processes as stretching.
而现有技术为解决以上常规曲柄压力机存在的工艺缺陷问题，通过增加多连杆机构，强制的改变曲柄滑块的运动曲线，使其实现低速锻冲快速回程的运动特性，一般是通过在曲轴和大齿轮末端增加六连杆机构或者八连杆机构，将滑块在下行至下死点位置时的速度降低20％-35％，回程时速度提高20％-35％，达到不损失整机效率，并实现低速锻冲快速回程的目的，这是目前应用最多的技术。However, in the existing technology, in order to solve the process defects of the above-mentioned conventional crank presses, by adding a multi-link mechanism, the motion curve of the crank slider is forcibly changed, so that it can realize the motion characteristics of low-speed forging and fast return. A six-bar linkage or an eight-bar linkage is added to the end of the crankshaft and the large gear to reduce the speed of the slider by 20%-35% when it goes down to the bottom dead center position, and increase the speed by 20%-35% during the return stroke, so as not to lose the overall Machine efficiency, and to achieve the purpose of low-speed forging fast return, which is the most widely used technology.
但是增加多连杆机构后会带来以下问题，由于常规的压力机大齿轮和曲轴通过键或者过盈固定安装，不存在传动误差，而增加多连杆后曲轴和大齿轮之间是通过多连杆机构活动连接，根据工程应用的经验发现，多连杆机构要求零部件加工及装配精度要很高，否则齿轮传动的累积误差较大，齿轮跳动会导致传动噪音及传动精度差的缺点。所以此类多连杆压力机制造难度加大，而且制造成本增加30％-50％，经济性不是太好，一直以来都不易推广应用。或者采用大功率伺服电机直接驱动传动部分，去掉飞轮及离合器部件，做成伺服直驱压力机，能过编程实现所需要的工艺曲线。However, the addition of a multi-link mechanism will bring the following problems. Since the conventional press gear and crankshaft are fixedly installed through keys or interference, there is no transmission error. After adding multi-links, the crankshaft and the gear are connected through multiple According to the experience of engineering application, it is found that the multi-link mechanism requires high precision of parts processing and assembly, otherwise the cumulative error of gear transmission will be large, and the gear jump will lead to the shortcomings of transmission noise and poor transmission accuracy. Therefore, it is more difficult to manufacture this type of multi-link press, and the manufacturing cost increases by 30%-50%. The economy is not very good, and it has not been easy to popularize and apply all the time. Or use a high-power servo motor to directly drive the transmission part, remove the flywheel and clutch components, and make a servo direct drive press, which can realize the required process curve through programming.
由于去掉了飞轮储能系统，做功全靠大功率伺服电机的扭矩，低速大扭矩电机及其驱动器目前价格昂贵，其制造成本较常规带飞轮曲柄压力机相比增加至少40％-100％不等，其在厚板落料、冲孔，拉伸应用的固定冲压工艺，并不需要多样化编程曲线领域，其经济性太差了，根本没法推广应用。Due to the removal of the flywheel energy storage system, the work depends entirely on the torque of the high-power servo motor. The low-speed high-torque motor and its driver are currently expensive, and its manufacturing cost is at least 40%-100% higher than that of conventional crank presses with flywheels. , Its fixed stamping process for thick plate blanking, punching, and stretching applications does not require a variety of programming curve fields, and its economy is too poor to be popularized and applied at all.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型惯量可控压力机。In view of the above problems, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of inertia controllable press.
本发明的惯量可控压力机，它包含机身、飞轮、离合器、齿轮轴、永磁同步伺服电机、大齿轮、曲轴、轴承瓦、连杆、滑块、同步带和电机同步轮，所述机身上安装有永磁同步伺服电机，所述永磁同步伺服电机输出轴上安装有电机同步轮，所述飞轮中部安装有齿轮轴，且齿轮轴与飞轮之间安装有离合器，所述齿轮轴输出端与大齿轮啮合，所述曲轴端部与大齿轮连接，所述曲轴的曲柄上经连杆安装有滑块，所述曲轴通过轴承瓦安装在机身上。The inertia controllable press of the present invention comprises a fuselage, a flywheel, a clutch, a gear shaft, a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, a large gear, a crankshaft, bearing bushes, a connecting rod, a slide block, a synchronous belt and a motor synchronous wheel. A permanent magnet synchronous servo motor is installed on the fuselage, a motor synchronous wheel is installed on the output shaft of the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, a gear shaft is installed in the middle of the flywheel, and a clutch is installed between the gear shaft and the flywheel. The shaft output end is meshed with the bull gear, and the end of the crankshaft is connected with the bull gear. A slider is installed on the crank of the crankshaft via a connecting rod, and the crankshaft is installed on the fuselage through a bearing pad.
优选的，所述飞轮和电机同步轮上设置有皮带槽，电机同步轮通过同步带与飞轮传动连接。Preferably, belt grooves are provided on the flywheel and the synchronous wheel of the motor, and the synchronous wheel of the motor is connected to the flywheel through a synchronous belt.
优选的，所述永磁同步伺服电机采用高速小扭矩电机。Preferably, the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor adopts a high-speed low-torque motor.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：该新型惯量可控压力机将常规曲柄压力机的皮带传动改成同步带轮传动，保留飞轮惯量储能功能，但相比常规飞轮压力机而言，本发明的飞轮惯量是可控的，将异步电机改成同功率甚至更小功率的永磁同步伺服电机，实现类似的更高等效滑差率来让小功率电机充分做功，使其能量利用率提高，同时要将电机转子的转动惯量与飞轮匹配好，达到能量利用率最高。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the new inertia controllable press changes the belt drive of the conventional crank press into a synchronous pulley drive, retains the flywheel inertia energy storage function, but compared with the conventional flywheel press In other words, the flywheel inertia of the present invention is controllable, and the asynchronous motor is changed into a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor with the same power or even a lower power to achieve a similar higher equivalent slip rate to allow the low-power motor to do work fully, making it The energy utilization rate is improved, and at the same time, the moment of inertia of the motor rotor and the flywheel must be well matched to achieve the highest energy utilization rate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明的飞轮和电机同步轮连接结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of connection structure of flywheel and motor synchronous wheel of the present invention;
图3为本发明的运动曲线说明视图。Fig. 3 is an explanatory view of the motion curve of the present invention.
附图标记：机身1、飞轮2、离合器3、齿轮轴4、永磁同步伺服电机5、大齿轮6、曲轴7、轴承瓦8、连杆9、滑块10、同步带11、电机同步轮12。Reference signs: fuselage 1, flywheel 2, clutch 3, gear shaft 4, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5, bull gear 6, crankshaft 7, bearing bush 8, connecting rod 9, slider 10, timing belt 11, motor synchronization round 12.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1-图3所示，本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案：它包含机身1、飞轮2、离合器3、齿轮轴4、永磁同步伺服电机5、大齿轮6、曲轴7、轴承瓦8、连杆9、滑块10、同步带11和电机同步轮12，机身1上安装有永磁同步伺服电机5，永磁同步伺服电机5采用高速小扭矩电机，永磁同步伺服电机5输出轴上安装有电机同步轮12，飞轮2和电机同步轮12上设置有皮带槽，电机同步轮12通过同步带11与飞轮2传动连接，飞轮2中部安装有齿轮轴4，且齿轮轴4与飞轮2之间安装有离合器3，齿轮轴4输出端与大齿轮6啮合，曲轴7端部与大齿轮6连接，曲轴7的曲柄上经连杆9安装有滑块10，曲轴7通过轴承瓦8安装在机身1上。As shown in Figures 1-3, the present embodiment adopts the following technical solutions: it includes a fuselage 1, a flywheel 2, a clutch 3, a gear shaft 4, a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5, a large gear 6, a crankshaft 7, and bearing pads 8. Connecting rod 9, slide block 10, synchronous belt 11 and motor synchronous wheel 12, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 is installed on the body 1, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 adopts high-speed small torque motor, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 The motor synchronous wheel 12 is installed on the output shaft, the flywheel 2 and the motor synchronous wheel 12 are provided with belt grooves, the motor synchronous wheel 12 is connected with the flywheel 2 through the synchronous belt 11, and the gear shaft 4 is installed in the middle of the flywheel 2, and the gear shaft 4 A clutch 3 is installed between the flywheel 2, the output end of the gear shaft 4 meshes with the large gear 6, the end of the crankshaft 7 is connected with the large gear 6, the crank of the crankshaft 7 is equipped with a slider 10 via the connecting rod 9, and the crankshaft 7 passes through the bearing The tile 8 is mounted on the fuselage 1 .
电机同步轮12和飞轮2的皮带槽设计成同步带轮结构，通过永磁同步伺服电机5经同步带11将动力传递给飞轮2，给飞轮2不断补充冲压损失的转动动能，将动力由安装飞轮2的齿轮轴4传递给大齿轮6，大齿轮6带动曲轴7转动，曲轴7经连杆9驱动滑块10上下运动，离合器3控制飞轮2与齿轮轴4传递动力的通断，滑块10向下运动时实现冲压、拉伸，每次冲压过程中由于冲压工件，飞轮2转速被迫降低，这时飞轮2的同步带轮反向带动永磁同步伺服电机5转动，实现速度降，达到做功的目的，如果是需要持续做功则反向转动的时间稍长即可，此时与常规压力机不一样不是通过皮带打滑，需要电机滑差实现速度降低释放能量的。当做完功之后，永磁同步伺服电机5正向转动，将损失的转动动能补给上，如此周期往复实现冲压工作，同时通过滑块10在下行时，通过永磁同步伺服电机5经同步带轮强制的局部改变滑块在下行及上行的速度，即将滑块10在压力行程高度的位置时的速度可降低30％-50％(压力行程高度，曲轴转角在140°-160°处)，回程的速度由永磁同步伺服电机5通过同步带11加速带动曲柄滑块机构，速度提高50％-80％(曲轴转角在200°-230°处)，通过速度控制模式，内置PLC规划出平滑速度曲线，并将其运动曲线固定的做到伺服电机驱动器里，通过控制PID和限制扭矩的方式避免伺服电机抵抗过电流报警。The belt groove of the motor synchronous wheel 12 and the flywheel 2 is designed as a synchronous pulley structure, and the power is transmitted to the flywheel 2 through the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 through the synchronous belt 11, and the rotational kinetic energy lost by stamping is constantly replenished to the flywheel 2, and the power is transferred by the installation The gear shaft 4 of the flywheel 2 is transmitted to the large gear 6, and the large gear 6 drives the crankshaft 7 to rotate. The crankshaft 7 drives the slider 10 to move up and down through the connecting rod 9. The clutch 3 controls the power transmission between the flywheel 2 and the gear shaft 4, and the slider 10 Stamping and stretching are realized when moving downward. During each stamping process, due to the stamping of the workpiece, the speed of flywheel 2 is forced to decrease. At this time, the synchronous pulley of flywheel 2 reversely drives the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 to rotate to achieve speed reduction. To achieve the purpose of doing work, if it is necessary to continue to do work, then the time of reverse rotation is slightly longer. At this time, unlike the conventional press, it does not slip through the belt, but needs the motor slip to reduce the speed and release energy. After the work is done, the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 rotates in the forward direction to replenish the lost rotational kinetic energy, so that the stamping work is realized by reciprocating in such a cycle. Forced partial change of the speed of the slider in the downward and upward movement, that is, the speed of the slider 10 at the position of the pressure stroke height can be reduced by 30%-50% (the pressure stroke height, the crankshaft rotation angle is at 140°-160°), the return stroke The speed is accelerated by the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 through the synchronous belt 11 to drive the crank slider mechanism, the speed is increased by 50%-80% (the crankshaft angle is at 200°-230°), and the smooth speed is planned by the built-in PLC through the speed control mode Curve, and its motion curve is fixed in the servo motor driver, and the servo motor is prevented from resisting the over-current alarm by controlling the PID and limiting the torque.
由于保留了飞轮惯量储能部分，所以永磁同步伺服电机5所选功率和常规电机功率差不多，选用高速小扭矩电机即可，这样成本将大幅下降；同时将电机设计成风冷，特殊内嵌磁钢结构设计，达到扭矩三倍过载，电机类似滑差可超过30％以上，实现更大的能量释放及做功需求；同时由于在压力机非工作区域由于飞轮2惯性带动电机转动，可实现局部发电储能，将此部分能量储存到电容器里用于下一周期补充动能时由储能电容将电量补充给电机，而不需要电机全部从电网取电，另外由于同步电机不像异步电机需要励磁电流，这样一来电机功率较常规压力机还可以降低30％-50％，使其更加节能，而且整机制造成本进一步降低，经济性更加显著。要控制滑块按照规划的速度曲线和轨迹运行，则就需要电机要通过同步带控制飞轮按照要求的转速运转，此时，电机的惯量设计及飞轮2的惯量设计就很重要，即电机惯量＝1.5-2倍的飞轮的等效惯量，飞轮2的等效惯量＝飞轮惯量/同步带轮传动比的平方。Since the inertia energy storage part of the flywheel is retained, the selected power of the permanent magnet synchronous servo motor 5 is similar to that of a conventional motor, and a high-speed and low-torque motor can be selected, so that the cost will be greatly reduced; at the same time, the motor is designed to be air-cooled, and the special built-in The magnetic steel structure design can achieve three times the torque overload, and the similar slip of the motor can exceed more than 30%, realizing greater energy release and work demand; at the same time, because the flywheel 2 inertia drives the motor to rotate in the non-working area of the press, local Power generation and energy storage, store this part of energy in the capacitor for the next cycle to supplement the kinetic energy, and the energy storage capacitor will supply the electricity to the motor, without the need for the motor to take power from the grid. In addition, since the synchronous motor does not need excitation like the asynchronous motor In this way, the power of the motor can be reduced by 30%-50% compared with conventional presses, making it more energy-saving, and the manufacturing cost of the whole machine is further reduced, and the economy is more significant. To control the slider to run according to the planned speed curve and trajectory, the motor needs to control the flywheel to run at the required speed through the synchronous belt. At this time, the inertia design of the motor and the inertia design of the flywheel 2 are very important, that is, the motor inertia = 1.5-2 times the equivalent inertia of the flywheel, the equivalent inertia of flywheel 2 = the square of the flywheel inertia/synchronous pulley transmission ratio.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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