CN110374597B - Rectangular island coal pillar setting method for separated mining and roadway retaining of thin coal seam working face - Google Patents
Rectangular island coal pillar setting method for separated mining and roadway retaining of thin coal seam working face Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of thin coal seam mining, and discloses a rectangular island coal pillar setting method for separately mining and retaining roadways on a thin coal seam working face part, which comprises the following steps: in the return air gateway of the working face, rectangular return air connection roadways are newly dug in advance of the working face along the direction vertical to the direction of the return air gateway, and rectangular island coal pillars are reserved between the rectangular return air connection roadways; when the working face is pushed forwards, only part of coal from the transportation gateway of the working face to the tail of the scraper conveyor is recovered, and after the coal is pushed through the rectangular return air connection roadway, the rectangular return air connection roadway is used as a safety outlet and supports pedestrian return air channels in old goafs; after the working face pushes the next rectangular air return connection lane, supporting the next goaf pedestrian air return channel on one side of the next rectangular island coal pillar close to the working face; mining the working face according to the steps; and taking the return air gateway of the working face as the return air gateway of the next working face to mine the next working face. The invention can effectively reduce the cost and the process difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thin coal seam mining, and particularly relates to a method for setting rectangular island coal pillars of a thin coal seam face part separated mining entry retaining.
Background
With the increase of mining intensity in recent years, a great deal of high-quality medium-thick and thick coal seams are left, and a large amount of thin coal seams gradually enter the visual field of people. The thin coal seam means that the thickness of the coal seam is less than 1.3m, and the height of the level roadways of the upper and lower sections of the thin coal seam is far greater than the thickness of the coal seam because the height of the level roadways of the upper and lower sections of the thin coal seam meets the requirements of ventilation, material transportation, pedestrians and the like, so that the level roadways of the upper and lower sections of the thin coal seam are half. However, the digging speed of the half coal rock roadway is low, and along with the generation of a large amount of waste rocks, the storage, transportation and washing difficulty and cost are increased, and the environment is polluted; the island coal pillar is reserved and a large amount of resources are wasted, and the resource recovery rate is reduced. How can these two problems be solved simultaneously?
In order to solve the problems, a gob-side entry retaining method is mostly adopted, namely a certain technical means is adopted to retain the return air gateway of the working face for the next working face. The method reduces the tunneling amount and the waste rock discharge amount, can recover resources to the maximum extent, and avoids the loss of coal. The gob-side entry retaining has various forms, and the methods of completely gob-side entry retaining and gob-side entry driving are adopted at present. However, gob-side entry retaining still has a plurality of defects:
(1) the safety is poor. The method has the advantages that the roadway can be completely retained without an island coal pillar or roadside filling, the problems of air leakage and gas overrun caused by the fact that gas in a goaf enters the roadway exist, potential safety hazards exist, and the problems cannot be completely avoided even though the modes of gangue belt filling or wood buttress support and the like are adopted.
(2) The cost is high. In order to prevent the potential safety hazards, roadside support is generally carried out in a concrete pouring mode, but the problems of high material and labor cost exist.
(3) The process is complicated. The concrete pouring mode needs to wait for the cementation of concrete materials, so the progress is slow, and the processes of stirring, pipeline conveying, formwork erecting and the like are needed, so the process is very complex.
(4) The adaptability is poor. Although the gob-side entry driving can solve the safety problem, the gangue discharge amount and the digging amount cannot be reduced, more importantly, the requirements of mining replacement and entry driving time are difficult to meet at the same time, and the gob-side entry driving is severely limited in thin coal seam mining.
The invention provides a method for setting the size of a rectangular island coal pillar of a separated mining entry retaining of a thin coal seam working face, which aims to solve the problems of large capital investment, long return period, poor safety, complex process and poor adaptability in the early mining period of a thin coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: the method for calculating the size of the rectangular island coal pillar of the partial mining entry retaining of the thin coal seam working face is provided, so that the cost of coal mining is effectively reduced, the waste rock discharge amount is reduced, the safety of a mine is improved, the process complexity is reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, meanwhile, the adaptability of the gob-side entry retaining is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a rectangular island coal pillar setting method for a partial mining entry retaining of a thin coal seam working face comprises the following steps:
s1, digging rectangular return air connecting roadways (5) in the return air crossways of the working face in advance along the direction vertical to the direction of the return air crossways (6), and reserving rectangular island coal pillars (4) between the rectangular return air connecting roadways (5);
s2, when the working face is pushed forward, only part of coal from the working face transportation gateway (1) to the tail of the scraper conveyor is recovered, the rectangular island coal pillars (4) close to the return air gateway (6) are not recovered, and after the return air connection roadway (5) is pushed, the rectangular return air connection roadway (5) is also used as a safety outlet; before the working face is not pushed through the next return air connecting roadway (5), a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support the pedestrian return air channel (3) in the goaf on one side, close to the working face, of the island coal pillar (4);
s3, after the working face pushes the next rectangular return air connecting lane, withdrawing the single prop to be matched with the hinged top beam, and closing the previous return air connecting lane (5); then, a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support a pedestrian air return channel (3) in the next goaf on one side, close to the working surface, of the next island coal pillar (4); alternately pushing the rectangular island coal pillars (4) and the rectangular return air connecting roadway (5) along with the working face, and mining the working face according to the steps in sequence;
and S4, taking the return air gateway (6) of the working face as the return air gateway (6) of the next working face, and mining the next working face.
In step S1, a rectangular return air connection tunnel is newly dug in advance of two or more rectangular island coal pillars on the working face.
In step S1, the length b of the rectangular island coal pillar has a value range of: b is more than or equal to 2h and less than or equal to 8 m; in the formula: h represents the coal seam thickness.
In step S1, the width a and the length b of the rectangular island coal pillar satisfy the condition:
a＝[L×(b+c)]/{2×[(η×σc)/(γ×H)-k1-k2-1]×b-c}；
in the formula: l represents the width of the return air crossheading; c represents the coal pillar spacing of the rectangular island, and is determined according to the air volume required by the working surface; gamma represents the overburden bulk weight; h represents overburden thickness; k is a radical of1The mining stress concentration coefficient of the working face is shown and measured by experiments; k is a radical of2Expressing the mining stress concentration coefficient of the next working face, and measuring by experiments; σ c represents the breaking strength of the rectangular island coal pillar; η represents a safety factor.
In step S1, the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar satisfies the condition:
a＝L0-f·m-e；
in the formula, m is the number of the hydraulic supports and is a positive integer; l is0The length of the working face coal body is the slant length, and e is the width of a pedestrian air return channel in the old goaf; f denotes the width of the hydraulic mount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention can effectively solve the problems of gas overrun caused by air leakage and gas entering the roadway in the goaf, and improve the safety; concrete does not need to be poured, so that the cost and the process difficulty can be effectively reduced; the method can reduce the waste rock discharge amount and the tunneling amount, more importantly, can meet the requirements of mining replacement and tunneling time at the same time, and increases the applicability of the gob-side entry retaining method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a working face layout view of coal pillar 5 pushed to the lower side of a rectangular island;
FIG. 2 is a working face layout diagram of coal pillars 5 pushed to the upper side and lower side of a rectangular island;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the working face being pushed to the upper side of the next rectangular return air communication roadway;
FIG. 4 is a rectangular island coal pillar load distribution analysis diagram.
In the figure: 1: a transportation crossheading; 2: a hydraulic support; 3: pedestrian air return channels in the old vacant areas; 4: carrying out island coal pillar; 5: a return air connecting lane; 6: returning air to the crossheading; 7: the working surface; 8, next working surface; 11: a single strut; 12: a scraper conveyor; 13: and (4) an air curtain.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for setting rectangular island coal pillars of a thin coal seam face part separated mining lane, during mining, the rectangular island coal pillars are reserved between a tail of a scraper conveyor 12 and a return air gateway 6, and the return air gateway of the working face is used as a return air gateway of the next working face, that is, two adjacent working faces share the return air gateway. During stoping, only part of coal which is transported by the working face 7 and crossways to the tail of the scraper conveyor is stoped; meanwhile, a rectangular air return connection roadway is newly dug in the air return gateway 6 of the working face 7 in advance of the length of two island coal pillars on the working face 7, and after the rectangular air return connection roadway 5 is pushed, the rectangular air return connection roadway 5 is also used as a safety outlet; before the working face 7 does not push the next rectangular air return connection lane 5, a single prop 11 is adopted on the side of the working face 7 of the corresponding island coal pillar 4 to be matched with a hinged top beam to maintain the pedestrian air return channel 3 in the old goaf, after the working face 7 pushes the next rectangular air return connection lane 5, the single prop 11 is withdrawn to be matched with the hinged top beam and the last rectangular air return connection lane 5 is closed, and the problems of air leakage and gas overrun caused by the fact that gas in the goaf enters the lanes can be solved through the closing of the air return connection lane 5 and the island coal pillar 4; the withdrawn single prop 11 is matched with a hinged top beam to support the pedestrian air return channel in the next goaf. And (4) circulating according to the steps in sequence along with the alternative pushing of the working surface 7 through the island coal pillars and the rectangular return air connecting roadway.
The method for setting the rectangular island coal pillar of the partial mining entry retaining of the thin coal seam working face provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, newly digging rectangular air return connection lanes 5 in the air return gateway of the working face in advance of the working face along the direction of the air return gateway 6 in the vertical direction, and reserving rectangular island coal pillars 4 between the rectangular air return connection lanes 5;
in step S1, a rectangular return air connection tunnel is newly dug in advance of two or more rectangular island coal pillars on the working face.
S2, when the working face is pushed forward, only part of coal from the transportation gateway 1 of the working face to the tail of the scraper conveyor is recovered, the rectangular island coal pillars 4 close to the return air gateway 6 are not recovered, and after the rectangular return air connection roadway 5 is pushed through, the rectangular return air connection roadway 5 is also used as a safety outlet; before the working face is not pushed through the next rectangular air return connecting roadway 5, a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support the pedestrian air return channel 3 in the goaf on one side, close to the working face, of the rectangular island coal pillar 4;
s3, after the working face pushes the next rectangular air return connection lane, withdrawing the single prop to be matched with the hinged top beam, and closing the previous rectangular air return connection lane 5; then, a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support a pedestrian air return channel 3 in the next goaf on one side, close to the working surface, of the next rectangular island coal pillar 4; mining the working face according to the steps as the working face alternately pushes through the rectangular island coal pillars 4 and the rectangular return air connecting roadway 5;
and S4, taking the return air gateway 6 of the working face as the return air gateway 6 of the next working face, and mining the next working face.
In this embodiment, the method of reserving rectangular island coal pillars with a certain width and length between the tail of the scraper conveyor 12 and the return air crossheading 6 reserves the return air crossheading 6 of the working surface 7 as the return air crossheading 6 of the next working surface 8. The method for reserving the rectangular coal pillar on part of the working face can be used for tunneling one half coal rock roadway less, so that the tunneling amount and the waste rock discharge amount are reduced, meanwhile, extra roadside filling is not needed, and the cost is greatly reduced. During stoping, only part of coal which is transported by the working face 7 and is crosscut to the tail of the scraper conveyor 12 is stoped, and the rest part which is not stoped is reserved as a coal pillar to protect the return air crosscut 6 of the next working face 8, so that the mine pressure display intensity is weakened; newly digging a rectangular air return connection roadway in the air return gateway 6 of the working face 7 at a distance which is ahead of the working face 7 by two or more rectangular island coal pillar lengths, and digging the rectangular air return connection roadway in advance, wherein the rectangular air return connection roadway belongs to parallel operation, so that the mutual interference of the newly digging rectangular air return connection roadway and the working face extraction is reduced, and the pushing speed of the working face 7 is favorably improved; after pushing through the rectangular air return connection lane 5, the rectangular air return connection lane 5 is also used as a safety outlet; before the working face 7 is not pushed through the next rectangular air return connecting roadway 5, a single prop 11 is adopted on the side of the working face 7 of the corresponding rectangular island coal pillar 4 to be matched with a hinged top beam to maintain the pedestrian air return channel 3 in the goaf so as to ensure the safety; after the working face 7 pushes the next rectangular air return connection lane 5, withdrawing the single prop 11 to be matched with the hinged top beam and closing the previous rectangular air return connection lane 5, wherein the closing of the air return connection lane 5 and the rectangular island coal pillar 4 can solve the problem of gas overrun caused by air leakage and goaf gas entering the lane; the withdrawn single prop 11 is matched with a hinged top beam to support the pedestrian air return channel in the next goaf. And (4) circulating according to the steps in sequence along with the alternative pushing of the working surface 7 through the rectangular island coal pillars and the rectangular return air connecting roadway.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the width a and the length of the rectangular island coal pillar should satisfy the following relationship:
a＝[L×(b+c)]/{2×[(η×σc)/(γ×H)-k1-k2-1]×b-c}； (1)
in the formula: l is the width of the return air crossheading; a is the width of a rectangular island coal pillar; b is a rectangular arcIsland coal pillar length; c is the spacing between the rectangular island coal pillars, and is determined according to the air volume required by the working face; gamma is overburden bulk density; h is overburden thickness; k is a radical of1For mining the stress concentration coefficient, k, of the face1Measured by experiments; k is a radical of2Exploiting stress concentration factor, k, for the next face2Measured by experiments; sigmacBreaking strength of rectangular island coal pillars; eta is a safety factor.
Further, consider that ventilation and rectangle island coal pillar bear the weight of the problem, the value range of rectangle island coal pillar length b is:
2h≤b≤8m； (2)
in the formula: h is the thickness of the coal seam. Pedestrian's important tunnel of return air in the old dead zone, certain amount of wind of needs satisfying passes through the requirement, and rectangle island coal pillar length is shorter, and the windage is less. The shorter the length b of the rectangular island coal pillar, the better, generally not more than 8 m. However, considering the requirement of the bearing capacity of the coal pillar of the rectangular island, generally, the length-to-height ratio of the coal pillar of the rectangular island is greater than 2, and the bearing capacity of the coal pillar is obviously weakened, so the width of the coal pillar of the rectangular island is greater than or equal to 2 times of the height of the coal pillar, namely 2 h.
Substituting the formula (2) into the formula (1), the range of the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar is as follows:
η[L×(2×h+c)]/{2×[(η×σc)/(γ×H)-k1-k2-1]×(2×h)-c}≤a≤[L×(8+c)]/{2×[(η×σc)/(γ×H)-k1-k2-1]×8-c}； (3)
further, considering the relation of the inclined length of the working face, the number of the hydraulic supports and the pedestrian return air channel in the old vacant area, the value of the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar also meets the following conditions:
a＝L0-f·m-e； (4)
in the formula, m is the number of the hydraulic supports and is a positive integer; l is0The length of the working face coal body is the slant length, and e is the width of a pedestrian air return channel in the old goaf; f denotes the width of the hydraulic mount.
Because the width of the hydraulic support is fixed, the width of the hydraulic support is 1.5m and 1.75m, the width of the hydraulic support on the coal face of the thin and medium-thick coal seams is 1.5m, and the width of the hydraulic support on the large mining height is 1.75m at most. Therefore, the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar is necessarily related to the inclined length of the working face and the number of hydraulic supports. In addition, the pedestrian air return channel in the old goaf cannot be supported by a hydraulic support, and only can be supported by a single hydraulic prop matched with a hinged top beam, so that the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar must meet the formula (3).
The relation of the stability of the rectangular island coal pillar, the equipment arrangement of a working face and the pedestrian air return channel in the old vacant area is comprehensively considered, and the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar must meet the formulas (3) and (4) at the same time.
Example (b):
the main mining coal seam of a certain mine is a thin coal seam, the thickness h is 1m, and the volume weight gamma of an overlying strata is 27kN/m3The thickness H of the overburden layer is 300m, and the length L of the working face0180m, the working face mining stress concentration coefficient k12, next face mining stress concentration factor k 23, the width L of the return air crossheading is 3.5m, the distance c between the rectangular island coal pillars is 1.5m, and the breaking strength sigma of the rectangular island coal pillarscThe width e of a pedestrian air return channel in the old goaf is 2m under the pressure of 30MPa, and the safety coefficient eta is 2.
Then the length b of the coal pillar of the rectangular island is within the range of 2m to 8m, and the width a of the coal pillar of the rectangular island is within the range of 1.70m to 4.66m according to the formula (3).
When the number of the hydraulic supports is 117, a is L according to the formula (3)0-f · m-e ═ 180-1.5 × 117-2 ═ 2.5(m), and when the number of hydraulic brackets is 116, a ═ L according to formula (3)0-f · m-e ═ 180-1.5 × 116-2 ═ 4(m), in the region of 1.70m ≦ a ≦ 4.66 m.
Since the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar must satisfy the formulas (3) and (4) at the same time, the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar can be 2.5m and 4 m. In order to ensure the maximum economic benefit, the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar can be 2.5 m. If the coal pillars are kept stable to the maximum extent, the width a of the coal pillars of the rectangular island can be 4 m.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A rectangular island coal pillar setting method for a partial mining entry retaining of a thin coal seam working face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, newly digging rectangular air return connection roadways (5) in the air return crossways of the working face in advance of the working face in the direction vertical to the air return crossways (6) on one side close to the working face, and reserving rectangular island coal pillars (4) between the rectangular air return connection roadways (5);
s2, when the working face is pushed forward, only part of coal from the working face transportation gateway (1) to the tail of the scraper conveyor is recovered, the rectangular island coal pillars (4) close to the return air gateway (6) are not recovered, and after the return air connection roadway (5) is pushed, the rectangular return air connection roadway (5) is also used as a safety outlet; before the working face is not pushed through the next return air connecting roadway (5), a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support the pedestrian return air channel (3) in the goaf on one side, close to the working face, of the island coal pillar (4);
s3, after the working face pushes the next rectangular return air connecting lane, withdrawing the single prop to be matched with the hinged top beam, and closing the previous return air connecting lane (5); then, a single prop is matched with a hinged top beam to support a pedestrian air return channel (3) in the next goaf on one side, close to the working surface, of the next island coal pillar (4); alternately pushing the rectangular island coal pillars (4) and the rectangular return air connecting roadway (5) along with the working face, and mining the working face according to the steps in sequence;
and S4, taking the return air gateway (6) of the working face as the return air gateway (6) of the next working face, and mining the next working face.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, a rectangular return air connecting roadway is newly dug ahead of more than two rectangular island coal pillars on the working face.
3. The method for setting the rectangular island coal pillar of the partial mining roadway of the thin coal seam working face according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the length b of the rectangular island coal pillar has a value range of: b is more than or equal to 2h and less than or equal to 8 m; in the formula: h represents the thickness of the coal seam, and the length b corresponds to the distance of the coal pillar along the return air crossheading direction.
4. The method for setting the rectangular island coal pillar of the partial mining roadway of the thin coal seam working face according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the width a and the length b of the rectangular island coal pillar satisfy the conditions:
a＝[L×(b+c)]/{2×[(η×σc)/(γ×H)-k1-k2-1]×b-c}；
in the formula: l represents the width of the return air crossheading; c represents the coal pillar spacing of the rectangular island, and is determined according to the air volume required by the working surface; gamma represents the overburden bulk weight; h represents overburden thickness; k is a radical of1The mining stress concentration coefficient of the working face is shown and measured by experiments; k is a radical of2Expressing the mining stress concentration coefficient of the next working face, and measuring by experiments; σ c represents the breaking strength of the rectangular island coal pillar; eta represents a safety factor, wherein the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar corresponds to the distance of the coal pillar along the working face direction.
5. The method for setting the rectangular island coal pillar of the partial mining roadway of the thin coal seam working face according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar meets the condition:
a＝L0-f·m-e；
in the formula, m is the number of the hydraulic supports and is a positive integer; l is0The length of the working face coal body is the slant length, and e is the width of a pedestrian air return channel in the old goaf; f represents the width of the hydraulic support, wherein the width a of the rectangular island coal pillar corresponds to the distance of the coal pillar along the working face direction.
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