CN110369971B - Grinding rod machining process with externally threaded taper shank for grinding machine - Google Patents
Grinding rod machining process with externally threaded taper shank for grinding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110369971B CN110369971B CN201910764873.2A CN201910764873A CN110369971B CN 110369971 B CN110369971 B CN 110369971B CN 201910764873 A CN201910764873 A CN 201910764873A CN 110369971 B CN110369971 B CN 110369971B
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grinding rod processing technology of an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine, which comprises the following steps: taking a solid raw material for rough machining to form a rough blank with a preset size; performing semi-finishing on the rough blank to form a semi-finished blank with a preset size; clamping the check rod on a rotary worktable of a grinding machine, horizontally rotating the rotary worktable by an angle of alpha/2 along a preset direction, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod; checking the head jumping amount of the check rod to finely adjust the rotation angle of the rotary worktable, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod again until the head jumping amount reaches the preset tolerance requirement; and after the check rod is disassembled, the rotating workbench is fixed at the current rotating angle position, the semi-finished blank is subjected to finish machining, then the semi-finished blank is clamped on the rotating workbench, and the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank is subjected to finish machining. The invention can improve the processing precision of the taper shank of the grinding rod, ensure the dynamic balance in the processing process of the grinding rod and improve the processing quality qualification rate of the grinding rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a machining process of a grinding rod with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine.
Background
In the field of machining, deep-hole parts, such as piston rods and actuating cylinders on actuators, have the depth dimension of holes of over 300-500 mm, the dimensional accuracy of form and position is about 0.01mm, and the roughness Ra0.4. The deep holes of the parts can only be roughly machined by using a milling cutter or a boring cutter, and if the semi-finishing or the finishing of the deep holes of the parts is to be completed, the rough machining must be performed on an internal and external grinding machine.
The material of a grinding rod, which is a common accessory used on internal and external grinding machine equipment, is generally steel 45, belongs to medium carbon steel, and the hardness value after heat treatment and quenching is generally 38-42 HRC. Generally, when a grinding machine is purchased in a factory, only a small number of grinding rods which are accessories are additionally arranged, and some grinding rods need to be self-made according to actual production needs. According to the use function of each part on the grinding rod, the grinding rod can be divided into three parts along the axial direction: the head part is a grinding rod head which is provided with a threaded hole and used for installing, positioning and fastening a small grinding wheel; the tail part is a handle part which is provided with an external conical surface and external threads and is used for installing, positioning and fastening a grinding rod in a main shaft conical hole of an internal and external grinding machine; the middle part is a connecting section which plays a role in connecting the head part and the tail part. The length dimension value of the connecting section is determined according to the depth dimension value of the machined hole on the product part.
For a grinding rod with an external thread taper shank, for example, a grinding rod with a length of more than 300-500 mm, the difficulty coefficient of processing the grinding rod is large, and if the method for designing and manufacturing the grinding rod is not good enough, the qualified grinding rod is difficult to process. At present, the design and manufacturing methods of the grinding rod generally comprise 2 methods:
firstly, pass through welding process with grinding head and main part for the grinding pin, the grinding pin divide into two parts: the grinding head comprises a grinding head body. In order to reduce the weight of the grinding rod as much as possible, the gravity center of the grinding rod is designed to be shifted to one end deviated to the handle part of the main body as much as possible so as to solve the dynamic balance of the grinding rod, and a deep blind hole (for example, phi 12mm and 300mm) is arranged on the main body. Then, the grinding rod head and the main body are welded into a whole by adopting a welding mode. Because the bending deformation of the grinding rod is large during welding, if the coaxiality of the deep blind hole in the main body to each excircle on the grinding rod is not more than 0.01mm, the processing difficulty is large. And when the inner taper hole of the main shaft on the internal and external grinding grinder equipment is matched and ground with the outer taper hole of the upper handle part of the grinding rod, the sticking rate of the inner taper hole and the outer taper hole is judged by coating red powder and observing by naked eyes of people, and then whether the outer taper surface is qualified is judged. Thus, the yield of this solution is very low, often less than 2%.
Secondly, pass through welding process with grinding pin head, connecting pipe and main part for the grinding pin, the grinding pin divide into the triplex: grinding head, connecting pipe, main part. At this moment, if process the connecting pipe alone, then the inside and outside circle axiality of connecting pipe is steerable to be 0.01mm, but, with grinding pin head, connecting pipe and main part welding processing back as an organic whole, because the bending deformation of grinding pin is great during the welding, if guarantee that the hole in the connecting pipe all is not more than 0.01mm to the axiality of each excircle on holistic grinding pin, its processing degree of difficulty is still very big. Moreover, in the same way as the first method, when the inner taper hole of the main shaft on the internal and external grinding machine equipment is used for grinding and processing the outer taper surface of the upper handle part of the grinding rod, the 'red lead powder' is still coated, the mutual bonding rate is only observed and judged by naked eyes of people, and then whether the outer taper surface is qualified or not is judged. Thus, the yield of this solution is also low, often less than 2%.
Therefore, how to improve the processing precision of the taper shank of the grinding rod, ensure the dynamic balance in the processing process of the grinding rod and improve the processing quality qualification rate of the grinding rod is a technical problem faced by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grinding rod processing technology of an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine, which can improve the processing precision of the taper shank of a grinding rod, ensure the dynamic balance in the processing process of the grinding rod and improve the processing quality qualification rate of the grinding rod.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a grinding rod processing technology of an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine, which comprises the following steps:
taking a solid raw material for rough machining to form a rough blank with a preset size, wherein the rough blank comprises a head part, a connecting part, a handle part and a tail part;
performing semi-finishing on the rough blank to form a semi-finished blank with a preset size, wherein the semi-finished blank comprises a columnar head part, a columnar tail part, a conical rod-shaped connecting part and a handle part;
clamping the check rod on a rotary worktable of a grinding machine, horizontally rotating the rotary worktable by an angle of alpha/2 along a preset direction, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod; wherein alpha is the taper angle of the handle of the semi-finished blank, and the shape of the check rod is the same as that of the semi-finished blank;
checking the head jumping amount of the checking rod so as to finely adjust the rotation angle of the rotary workbench, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the checking rod again until the head jumping amount reaches the preset tolerance requirement;
and after the check rod is disassembled, the rotating workbench is fixed at the current rotating angle position, the semi-precision blank is subjected to finish machining to form a threaded hole at the head part and an external thread at the tail part, and then the semi-precision blank is clamped on the rotating workbench and is subjected to finish machining on the outer conical surface of the handle part.
Preferably, after the rough machining and before the semi-finishing, the method further comprises:
and carrying out heat treatment on the rough blank so as to enable the rough blank to reach the preset hardness requirement.
Preferably, after the heat treatment of the rough blank and before the semi-finishing, the method further comprises:
and straightening the rough blank so that the coaxiality of all cross sections of the rough blank meets the requirement of preset tolerance.
Preferably, the straightening of the rough embryo specifically comprises:
forming clearance fit with the head of the rough blank through a preset reference sleeve;
and taking the excircle of the reference sleeve as the maximum excircle and coaxiality detection reference of the rough blank, and straightening the rough blank by a straightening instrument.
Preferably, when the rough blank is subjected to semi-finishing, the semi-finishing blank further comprises a flat part connected between the connecting part and the handle part and used for being matched with a disassembling tool, and the diameter of the flat part is equal to the diameters of the connecting part and the large end of the handle part.
Preferably, when the rough blank is subjected to semi-finish machining, the rough blank is subjected to grinding machining through a grinding wheel with a preset size, and a groove for reducing the contact area is formed in the center area of the outer circle of the grinding wheel.
Preferably, the fine tuning of the rotation angle of the rotating table specifically includes:
assembling the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod and the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, and judging the tight fit condition of the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface;
when the large end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle and the small end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod has a gap with the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, the formula is shown as follows:
calculating the rotation amount of the rotary worktable, and rotating the rotary worktable accordingly;
when the small end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle and a gap exists between the large end region and the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, the formula is as follows:
calculating the rotation amount of the rotary worktable, and rotating the rotary worktable accordingly;
wherein, Δ s is the transverse rotation distance of the rotary workbench at the position of the dial indicator, m is the distance between the position of the dial indicator on the rotary workbench and the rotation axis position of the rotary workbench, n is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod, l1The large end distance l from the head end face of the check rod to the outer conical surface of the handle part2The distance from the end face of the head part of the check rod to the small end of the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod is small.
The invention provides a grinding rod processing technology of an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine, which mainly comprises five steps, wherein in the first step, solid raw materials are obtained for rough processing to form a rough blank with preset size and preset precision, the rough blank comprises four parts, namely a head part, a connecting part, a handle part and a tail part, the connecting part is processed into a taper rod shape, and the head part, the handle part and the tail part are cylindrical at the moment. In the step, the rough blank is made of solid raw materials, so that the material distribution on any cross section of the rough blank in the axial direction is uniform, the coaxiality precision of all the revolution surfaces is easily ensured, and the dynamic balance state is easily achieved. In the second step, the rough blank is semi-finished to form a semi-finished blank with a preset size and a preset precision, wherein the head and the tail of the semi-finished blank are still cylindrical, and the handle and the connecting part are both processed into a conical rod shape. In the third step, the main content is the checking operation before the outer conical surface of the handle part of the current workpiece, namely the semi-finished blank, is processed, in the step, a checking rod needs to be taken and horizontally clamped on a rotary worktable of a grinding machine, then the rotary worktable is adjusted to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise by alpha/2 degrees along the horizontal direction, and then the outer conical surface of the handle part of the checking rod is processed by fine grinding. The shape and structure of the check rod are completely the same as those of the semi-finished blank, and the check rod is equivalent to taking another spare workpiece as a test so as to determine the rotation angle of the rotary workbench in advance; and the angle alpha is the taper angle of the handle part of the semi-finished blank, and after the rotating workbench rotates by an angle alpha/2, the outer conical surface of the handle part can be arranged on the grinding machine in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, so that the grinding wheel processing is convenient. In the fourth step, after the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod is finished by fine grinding, the head jumping amount of the check rod is checked, and the head is used for being installed with a small grinding wheel to grind deep-hole parts, so that the precision requirement of the head jumping amount is high. And after checking, finely adjusting the rotation angle of the rotary worktable according to the difference value, and continuously and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod until the head jumping amount reaches the preset tolerance requirement. In the fifth step, due to the fine adjustment of the rotation angle of the rotary worktable by the check rod in the third and fourth steps, the outer conical surface of the handle of the current workpiece, namely the semi-precision blank, can be directly processed. Firstly, the check rod is detached from the rotary workbench, then the rotary workbench is fixed at the current rotation angle position, then the threaded hole at the head part of the semi-fine blank and the external thread at the tail part of the semi-fine blank are processed, then the semi-fine blank is clamped on the rotary workbench for finish machining, and the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-fine blank is finely ground. Therefore, when the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank is formally processed, the rotation angle of the rotary worktable of the grinding machine is firstly precisely adjusted through the check rod, so that the processing precision of the conical handle of the grinding rod can be greatly improved when the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank is precisely processed on the precisely adjusted rotary worktable, and the processing quality qualified rate of the grinding rod is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a grinding rod with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crude embryo.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the reference sleeve.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a configuration for straightening a blank using a reference sleeve.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the grinding wheel for grinding the rough blank.
Fig. 7 is a detailed structural diagram of a semi-finished blank with a head threaded hole and a tail external thread.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of the check rod.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the installation and debugging of the check rod and the grinding machine spindle.
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the check rod for finish machining of the outer conical surface of the handle on the rotary table.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of mounting and debugging of the precision blank and the main shaft of the grinding machine.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the head of the fine blank and the small grinding wheel.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a part for machining a slender hole through a grinding rod.
Among them, in fig. 2 to 13:
the grinding device comprises a grinding rod-1, a rough blank-2, a semi-fine blank-3, a fine blank-4, a check rod-5, a reference sleeve-6, a grinding wheel-7, a grinding machine spindle-8, a fixed seat-9, a rotating shaft center-10, a rotating workbench-11, a tip-12, a small grinding wheel-13, a screw-14 and a gasket-15;
head-1 a, connecting part-1 b, flat part-1 c, handle-1 d, tail-1 f;
a threaded hole-101, an external thread-102 and a groove-701.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment provided by the invention, the processing technology of the grinding rod with the externally threaded taper shank for the grinding machine mainly comprises five steps.
In the first step, firstly, a solid raw material is obtained to be subjected to rough machining so as to form a rough blank 2 with a preset size and a preset precision, wherein the rough blank 2 comprises four parts, namely a head part 1a, a connecting part 1b, a handle part 1d and a tail part 1f, the connecting part 1b is machined into a conical rod shape, and the head part 1a, the handle part 1f and the tail part 1f are cylindrical at this time. In the step, because the rough blank 2 is made of solid raw materials, the material distribution on any cross section of the rough blank 2 in the axial direction is uniform, the coaxiality precision of all the revolution surfaces is easy to ensure, and the dynamic balance state is easy to achieve.
In the second step, the rough blank 2 is semi-finished to form a semi-finished blank 3 with a predetermined size and a predetermined precision, wherein the head 1a and the tail 1f of the semi-finished blank 3 are still cylindrical, and the handle 1d is processed into a tapered rod shape like the connecting portion 1 b.
In the third step, the main content is the checking operation before the outer conical surface of the handle part of the current workpiece, namely the semi-precision blank 3, is processed, in the step, the checking rod 5 needs to be taken, the checking rod 5 is horizontally clamped on a rotating workbench 11 of a grinding machine, then the rotating workbench 11 is adjusted to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise by alpha/2 degrees along the horizontal direction, and then the outer conical surface of the handle part of the checking rod 5 is finely processed. The shape and structure of the check rod 5 are completely the same as those of the semi-finished blank 3, which is equivalent to taking another spare workpiece as a test so as to determine the rotation angle of the rotary worktable 11 in advance; and the angle alpha is the taper angle of the handle part of the semi-finished blank 3, and after the rotating worktable 11 rotates by an angle alpha/2, the outer conical surface of the handle part can be arranged on the grinding machine in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, so that the grinding wheel 7 can be conveniently machined.
In the fourth step, after the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod 5 is finished by fine grinding, the head jumping amount of the check rod 5 is checked, and the head is used for being installed with the small grinding wheel 13 to grind deep-hole parts, so that the precision requirement of the head jumping amount is high. And after checking, finely adjusting the rotation angle of the rotary worktable 11 according to the difference value, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod 5 until the head jumping amount reaches the preset tolerance requirement.
In the fifth step, due to the fine adjustment of the rotation angle of the rotating table 11 by the checking rod 5 passing through the third and fourth steps, the outer conical surface of the handle can be directly processed on the current workpiece, namely the semi-precision blank 3. Firstly, the check rod 5 is detached from the rotary workbench 11, then the rotary workbench 11 is fixed at the current rotation angle position, then the threaded hole 101 at the head part and the external thread 102 at the tail part of the semi-fine blank 3 are processed, then the semi-fine blank 3 is clamped on the rotary workbench 11 for finish machining, and the outer conical surface of the handle part is processed by finish grinding.
In this way, when the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank 3 is formally processed, the rotation angle of the rotary table 11 of the grinding machine is precisely adjusted through the check rod 5, so that the precision of processing the conical handle of the grinding rod can be greatly improved and the qualification rate of the processing quality of the grinding rod can be improved when the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank 3 is precisely processed on the precisely adjusted rotary table 11.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a grinding rod with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine.
In this embodiment, the total length of the grinding rod 1 may be 500mm, the taper of the handle portion thereof is 1:20, the section from the point a to the point B in the figure is a matching section of the outer tapered surface of the handle portion and the tapered hole of the grinding machine spindle 8, the length in the axial direction thereof is about 73mm, and the mutual attachment rate thereof is greater than 95%. An external thread 102 is arranged at the tail end of the handle part, and the coaxiality of the external thread 102 to the axial line of the external conical surface of the handle part is not more than 0.01 mm. An abdicating groove is arranged between the external thread 102 and the external conical surface of the handle part, on one hand, the matching length of the thread pair is reduced, so that the interference phenomenon is avoided; on the other hand, when the grinding rod 1 is idle, one end of the soft rope is convenient to use and is fastened on the abdicating groove, the other end of the soft rope is hung on the wall, and the whole grinding rod 1 is hung in the air, so that the grinding rod 1 is prevented from being bent and deformed or being scratched due to unbalanced stress. The section from point C to point D is a flat part 1C, i.e. flat surfaces are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface, so as to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the grinding rod 1 by using a wrench, in this example, the outer circular surface of the section is phi 24. The section from point D to point E is a connecting part, and the length dimension of the connecting part is mainly determined by the depth dimension of the hole of the machined part, and the length dimension is 360mm in the example. The section from the point F to the point Z is the head of the grinding rod 1, the outer circle of the grinding rod is ground according to the mounting hole of the small grinding wheel 13, the diameter of the outer circle is 11mm, and the fit clearance is smaller than 0.01 mm.
A threaded hole 101 is provided at the head of the grinding rod 1 for mounting and fastening the small grinding wheel 13. The bore of the threaded bore 101 has a taper angle, typically 60 °, while a central bore is provided in the end face of the tail external thread 102, both of which serve as datum bores for machining, so that two apexes 12 can be used for double-apex clamping. The overall length of the grinding bar 1 in this example is 500 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the rough blank 2.
In order to reduce the cost of the raw material of the grinding rod 1, the steel 45 is often used to manufacture the grinding rod 1, but because the steel 45 has a relatively poor hardenability, the raw material may be first subjected to a heat treatment, such as quenching and tempering to 38 to 42HRC, after the raw material is rough-worked.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the reference sleeve 6, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of straightening the blank 2 by using the reference sleeve 6.
As described above, the grinding pin 1 can be manufactured using the steel 45 as a raw material, and the blank 2 may be deformed when heat treatment is performed after rough machining, and the blank 2 may be deformed to have a bending deformation of 8 to 12mm or more in this example. The rough blank 2 can be straightened by the aid of the reference sleeve 6, an inner circle of the reference sleeve 6 is in clearance fit with an outer circle of the head of the rough blank 2, the clearance value is 0-0.05 mm, and the diameter of the outer circle of the reference sleeve 6 is equivalent to that of the outer circle of the handle of the rough blank 2. At the moment, the excircle of the reference sleeve 6 can be used as a stressed supporting point, a metaler utilizes a press or a bending machine to straighten the rough blank 2, and the excircle of the reference sleeve can also be used as a coaxiality detection reference point to detect the coaxiality of the rough blank 2, so that the coaxiality of the excircles on the rough blank 2 is straightened to be not more than 0.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the grinding wheel 7 for grinding the rough blank 2.
In this embodiment, when the rough blank 2 is subjected to the semi-finishing, the rough blank 2 may be ground by the grinding wheel 7 having a predetermined size. In the embodiment, the white corundum grinding wheel is selected, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel 7 is about phi 300mm, the width of the grinding wheel is 20mm, the granularity is 46-60 #, and the hardness can be selected to be K type. Before machining, a groove 701 can be formed in the central region of the outer circle of the grinding wheel 7 in advance to reduce the contact area between the grinding wheel 7 and the outer circular surface of the blank 2, so that the purposes of reducing grinding force and grinding temperature can be achieved, and the bending deformation degree of the blank 2 during grinding machining can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-finished blank 3 with a head threaded hole 101 and a tail external thread 102.
Meanwhile, when the rough blank 2 is subjected to semi-finishing, firstly, the axis of a headstock of a grinding machine and the axis of a tailstock of the grinding machine need to be adjusted to be coaxial, and meanwhile, the pressure of two apexes on the grinding machine is properly adjusted, so that the rough blank 2 is easily subjected to larger bending deformation in the processing process if the pressure is too large; if the pressure is too low, the run-out amount of the processed blank 2 becomes large. In this example, the pressure of both apexes was adjusted to about 3 kg. When the coarse blank 2 is processed by semi-fine grinding, the cutting depth can be controlled to be 0.01mm, and the movement amount in the longitudinal direction is generally 0.8-1 mm per rotation. After the rough blank 2 is subjected to semi-finish machining, the accurate grinding machining allowance is kept for 0.12-0.15 mm on each excircle, and the total runout is not more than 0.02 mm.
As shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the checking rod 5.
Since the external tail thread 102 on the grinding rod 1 may affect the determination of the matching condition of the external taper surface of the handle and the internal taper hole of the grinding machine spindle 8, the semi-precision blank 3 structure without the head threaded hole 101 and the external tail thread 102 can be used as the calibration rod 5 for matching calibration.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a schematic view of the installation and adjustment of the check rod 5 and the grinding machine spindle 8, and fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the check rod 5 for finish-grinding the outer tapered surface of the shank on the rotary table 11.
After the rough blank 2 is semi-finished, the current workpiece, namely the semi-finished blank 3, can be temporarily left unused, and another semi-finished blank 3 is used as the check rod 5 for performing finish machining in advance, or the check rod 5 prepared in advance can be directly used for performing finish machining. Of course, if the semi-finished blank 3 is used as the check rod 5 for processing, the external thread 102 on the tail 1f of the semi-finished blank 3 will affect the matching with the grinding machine spindle 8, so the semi-finished blank 3 needs to be processed to remove the external thread 102 and then used as the check rod 5.
When the check rod 5 or the subsequent semi-fine blank 3 is finely ground, the fine grinding assembly mainly comprises a fixed seat 9, a rotating shaft center 10, a rotating workbench 11 and two tip 12 in head and tail on the grinding machine, wherein the rotating workbench 11 can horizontally rotate clockwise or anticlockwise on the fixed seat 9, and a rotating shaft of the rotating workbench is the rotating shaft center 10 arranged on the fixed seat 9. In this embodiment, the taper angle α of the shank of the grinding rod 1 may be 2 ° 51 ' 51 ", so that to facilitate the finish grinding of the outer taper surface of the shank of the check rod 5, the rotary table 11 is first rotated horizontally clockwise or counterclockwise by α/2 °, i.e., 1 ° 25 ' 55" or 1 ° 25 ' 56 ", so that one side of the outer taper surface of the shank of the check rod 5 is along the horizontal longitudinal direction, thereby facilitating the grinding of the grinding wheel 7. In the fine grinding process, the cutting tool consumption is controlled to be not more than 0.005mm, the movement amount in the horizontal longitudinal direction is 0.5-0.8 mm per rotation, and the rotating speed of the check rod 5 is generally about 50 rpm. After the check rod 5 is finely processed, the total runout of each excircle is not more than 0.01 mm.
After the calibration rod 5 is subjected to fine machining, the calibration rod 5 and the grinding machine spindle 8 can be assembled, the machining precision of the outer conical surface is judged according to the fitting condition between the outer conical surface of the handle part of the calibration rod 5 and the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle 8, and the head runout amount is seriously influenced due to the machining precision of the outer conical surface, so that the rotating angle of the rotating workbench 11 needs to be finely adjusted for many times according to the judgment result, and the head runout amount meets the preset tolerance requirement in a mode of finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the calibration rod 5 for many times.
Specifically, the method for accurately adjusting the rotation angle of the rotary table 11 is mainly implemented by a dial indicator and a calculation method, and includes two conditions:
the first is applicable to the formula when the large end of the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod 5 is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle 8, but the small end has a clearance:
the rotation amount of the rotating table 11 is calculated. Wherein Δ s is the transverse rotation distance of the rotary table 11 at the position of the dial indicator (dbc shown in the figure), m is the distance between the position of the dial indicator on the rotary table 11 and the position of the rotary shaft center 10, n is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod 5, and l is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod1The distance from the end face of the head part of the check rod 5 to the large end of the outer conical surface of the handle part thereof is large.
In this embodiment, the distance from the end surface of the head part of the check rod 5 to the large end of the outer conical surface of the handle part is l1The distance between the dbc position on the dial indicator of the rotary table 11 and the rotation axis 10 is 520mm when 400mm is obtained. After the finish grinding, the head runout of the check rod 5 can be measured, for example, n is 0.005 mm. Therefore, the three data are substituted into a formula to calculate, and Δ s is 0.0065mm, so that the rotary workbench 11 can be rotated clockwise or anticlockwise by a preset angle, and the pointer of the dial indicator rotates by 0.0065 mm.
Secondly, when the small end of the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod 5 is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle 8, but the large end has a clearance, the formula is applicable:
the rotation amount of the rotating table 11 is calculated. Wherein Δ s is the transverse rotation distance of the rotary table 11 at the position of the dial indicator (dbc shown in the figure), m is the distance between the position of the dial indicator on the rotary table 11 and the position of the rotary shaft center 10, n is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod 5, and l is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod2The distance from the end face of the head part of the check rod 5 to the small end of the outer conical surface of the handle part thereof is as follows.
In this embodiment, the distance from the head end surface of the calibration rod 5 to the small end of the outer conical surface of the handle part is l2The distance dbc from the dial indicator of the rotary table 11 to the rotation axis 10 is 520mm 473 mm. After the finish grinding, the head runout of the check rod 5 can be measured, for example, n is 0.005 mm. Thus, the three data are substituted into the formula to calculate, and Δ s is 0.0055mm, so that the rotary table 11 can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise by a preset angle, so that the pointer of the dial indicator rotates by 0.0055 mm.
After the rotation angle position of the rotation workbench 11 is finely adjusted, the outer conical surface of the handle part of the verification rod 5 can be finely ground again, so that the head jumping amount of the verification rod 5 approaches zero. After finishing grinding, the check rod 5 can be mounted on the main shaft 8 of the grinding machine for debugging, and if the head jumping amount of the check rod 5 still does not meet the preset tolerance requirement (generally less than 0.002mm), the head jumping amount must be recalculated and checked again by one of the two methods. And after the outer conical surface of the handle part of the checking rod 5 is finely ground, the installation and debugging are continued until the head jumping quantity of the checking rod 5 reaches the preset tolerance requirement.
As shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13, fig. 11 is a schematic view of mounting and adjusting the precision blank 4 and the grinding machine spindle 8, fig. 12 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of the head of the precision blank 4 and the small grinding wheel 13, and fig. 13 is a schematic view of a structure for processing a slender hole type part through the grinding rod 1.
After the check rod 5 is accurately ground and checked to be qualified, the angle value of the rotary table 11 must be kept unchanged, and then the check rod 5 can be detached from the rotary table 11, and the outer conical surface of the handle of the semi-finished blank 3 is accurately machined. Of course, before the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-finished blank 3 is processed by fine grinding, the threaded hole 101 at the head part and the external thread 102 at the tail part are firstly processed by fine grinding, and the coaxiality of the external thread 102 at the tail part to each excircle is controlled to be not more than 0.01 mm.
Theoretically, the head runout amount of the fine blank 4 after the fine grinding can be controlled to be 0 to 0.002mm, but if the head runout amount of the fine blank 4 is larger than 0.002mm, the fine grinding and fine grinding of the rotary table 11 can be performed again in the manner of installing and debugging the check rod 5 as described above until the head runout amount of the fine blank 4 is controlled to be 0 to 0.002 mm.
When the head jumping amount of the fine blank 4 meets the preset tolerance requirement, a screw 14, a small grinding wheel 13 and a gasket 15 can be assembled at the head of the fine blank. At this time, the small grinding wheel 13 can be corrected by using diamond, and after the jumping amount of the outer circle of the small grinding wheel 13 is controlled to be 0-0.002 mm, the grinding rod 1 can be used for processing deep holes of product parts such as piston rods or actuating cylinders.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a grinding rod processing technology of outband screw thread taper shank for grinding machine which characterized in that includes:
taking a solid raw material for rough machining to form a rough blank with a preset size, wherein the rough blank comprises a head part, a connecting part, a handle part and a tail part;
performing semi-finishing on the rough blank to form a semi-finished blank with a preset size, wherein the semi-finished blank comprises a columnar head part, a columnar tail part, a conical rod-shaped connecting part and a handle part;
clamping the check rod on a rotary worktable of a grinding machine, horizontally rotating the rotary worktable by an angle of alpha/2 along a preset direction, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod; wherein alpha is the taper angle of the handle of the semi-finished blank, and the shape of the check rod is the same as that of the semi-finished blank;
checking the head jumping amount of the checking rod so as to finely adjust the rotation angle of the rotary workbench, and finely grinding the outer conical surface of the handle part of the checking rod again until the head jumping amount reaches the preset tolerance requirement;
after the check rod is disassembled, the rotating workbench is fixed at the current rotating angle position, the semi-precision blank is subjected to finish machining to form a threaded hole at the head part and an external thread at the tail part, then the semi-precision blank is clamped on the rotating workbench, and the outer conical surface of the handle part of the semi-precision blank is subjected to finish machining;
finely adjusting the rotation angle of the rotary worktable specifically comprises:
assembling the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod and the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, and judging the tight fit condition of the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface;
when the large end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle and the small end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod has a gap with the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, the formula is shown as follows:
calculating the rotation amount of the rotary worktable, and rotating the rotary worktable accordingly;
when the small end region of the outer conical surface of the handle of the check rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle and a gap exists between the large end region and the inner conical surface of the grinding machine spindle, the formula is as follows:
calculating the rotation amount of the rotary worktable, and rotating the rotary worktable accordingly; wherein:
delta s is the position of the rotary worktable at the position of the dial indicatorThe transverse rotation distance is set, m is the distance between the position where the dial indicator on the rotary worktable is marked and the position of the rotary axis of the rotary worktable, n is the current bounce amount of the head of the check rod, and l1The large end distance l from the head end face of the check rod to the outer conical surface of the handle part2The distance from the end face of the head part of the check rod to the small end of the outer conical surface of the handle part of the check rod is small.
2. The process of machining a grinding pin with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, after the rough machining and before the semi-finishing:
and carrying out heat treatment on the rough blank so as to enable the rough blank to reach the preset hardness requirement.
3. The process of machining a grinding pin with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the heat treatment of the blank and before the semi-finishing, further comprising:
and straightening the rough blank so that the coaxiality of all cross sections of the rough blank meets the requirement of preset tolerance.
4. The process for machining the grinding rod with the externally threaded taper shank for the grinding machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the straightening of the rough blank specifically comprises:
forming clearance fit with the head of the rough blank through a preset reference sleeve;
and taking the excircle of the reference sleeve as the maximum excircle and coaxiality detection reference of the rough blank, and straightening the rough blank by a straightening instrument.
5. The process for machining the grinding rod with the externally threaded taper shank for the grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the rough blank is subjected to semi-finish machining, the semi-finished blank further comprises a flat portion connected between the connecting portion and the shank portion and used for being matched with a disassembling tool, and the diameter of the flat portion is equal to the diameter of the large end of the connecting portion and the large end of the shank portion.
6. The process of machining a grinding pin with an externally threaded taper shank for a grinding machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the blank is semi-finish machined, the blank is ground by a grinding wheel of a preset size, and a groove for reducing a contact area is formed in a central region of an outer circle of the grinding wheel.
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| CN116094239B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-20 | 德瑞精工（深圳）有限公司 | Processing method of slender motor with low jump |
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