CN110355186A - Resident's rubbish from cooking pretreatment unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of resident's rubbish from cooking pretreatment units, including entrance pretreatment component, crushing device, grinding chamber, separation of solid and liquid room, installation for fermenting and oily-water seperating equipment.By the way that broken, grinding, separation of solid and liquid, water-oil separating and installation for fermenting is arranged, primary processing can be carried out in residential area to the rubbish from cooking put on by classification by realizing, grease and primary fermentation fertilizer can be transported through respectively after processing, middle water is returned in residential block to water in being used as to use, occur microorganism mass propagation in transport process so as to avoid rubbish from cooking and the occurrence of stench occurs, not only turn bane into boon, but also integrated environment is improved.

Description

Residential kitchen waste pretreatment device

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the field of garbage recycling, in particular to a pretreatment device for resident kitchen waste.

Background technique

Sorting and disposing of garbage has become the mainstream of society. Among them, kitchen waste accounts for the largest proportion of the garbage generated by residents. At present, the treatment method of sorted garbage is to transport it to different garbage treatment plants for separate treatment, but For kitchen waste, because the internal organic matter is very complex and there are a large number of microorganisms remaining, the microorganisms in it will multiply during the transportation process, which will have a great negative impact on the working environment of the transport vehicles and transport personnel. At the same time Due to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms, the difficulty of killing microorganisms in the subsequent treatment is greatly increased. If the primary deodorization treatment can be carried out in residential areas before classification and transportation, the above problems will be greatly improved.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a device for pretreatment of resident kitchen waste.

It is achieved through the following technical means:

A resident kitchen waste pretreatment device includes an inlet pretreatment component, a crushing device, a grinding chamber, a solid-liquid separation chamber, a fermentation device and an oil-water separation device.

The inlet pretreatment part includes a main garbage entrance, a square cylinder wall, a winding shaft and a winding shaft motor; the main garbage entrance is arranged at the top and is a funnel-shaped structure, and the square cylinder wall is connected below the main garbage entrance. The winding shaft is placed horizontally inside the square tube wall, and the winding shaft is provided with multiple rows of spikes on the horizontal shaft. A winding shaft motor is arranged outside the square tube wall, and the winding shaft motor is used to drive the winding shaft. The shaft turns.

The crushing device is arranged below the entrance pretreatment part, including a crushing chamber and a steam generation chamber. chamber outlet, auxiliary material adding box and steam inlet; the entrance of the crushing chamber communicates with the bottom of the square cylinder wall, the crushing shaft is placed horizontally in the crushing chamber, and multiple rows of crushing internal teeth are arranged closely on the crushing shaft. The porous supporting plate is arranged below the crushing shaft, and multiple rows of crushing external teeth are closely arranged above the porous supporting plate, and each row of crushing external teeth is arranged at intervals from the crushing internal teeth, and the porous supporting plate is a semi-circular arc plate The structure surrounds the lower part of the crushing shaft, and the edge of the porous support plate is provided with densely distributed through holes, which can allow water vapor to pass through, and an opening is opened downward in the middle of the porous support plate to form the crushing chamber At the discharge port, the crushing internal teeth and the crushing external teeth are both conical structures; the crushing shaft motor is arranged outside the crushing chamber, and the crushing shaft motor communicates with the crushing shaft through a coupling and performs Driven, the auxiliary material addition box is arranged on the top of the crushing chamber, and the steam inlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the crushing chamber; The upper part is filled with water vapor.

The grinding chamber is arranged below the crushing chamber, including the inlet of the grinding chamber, the grinding cone, the motor of the grinding cone, the outer wall of the grinding and the outlet of the grinding material; The feed port is connected, and the grinding cone is arranged directly below the entrance of the grinding chamber. The upper half of the grinding cone is a cone structure, and the lower half is a cylinder structure. The grinding cone motor is arranged at the bottom of the grinding cone. The grinding cone motor drives the grinding cone to rotate on its own axis, the grinding outer wall is arranged outside the grinding cone in an arc-shaped funnel-shaped structure, the outer surface of the grinding cone and the inner surface of the grinding outer wall are roughened, so The distance between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall gradually decreases from top to bottom, and an annular abrasive outlet is provided at the lower part of the gap between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall.

The solid-liquid separation chamber is arranged below the grinding chamber, including the entrance of the solid-liquid separation chamber, a compression angle plate, an internal thread block, an external thread shaft, an external thread shaft motor, a fixed inclined filter plate, a water outlet filter, and a water release switch. Baffle plate and solid material outlet; the inlet of the solid-liquid separation chamber is set on the top of the solid-liquid separation chamber and communicated with the outlet of the grinding material, and the compression angle plates are respectively arranged on both sides directly below the inlet of the solid-liquid separation chamber and a fixed inclined filter plate, the compression angle plate includes an inclined pressure plate with the same inclination direction as the fixed inclined filter plate, and a compression angle plate base plate fixed to the inclined pressure plate and arranged laterally at the bottom of the inclined pressure plate, which is rotatably connected at the rear of the inclined pressure plate There is the externally threaded shaft placed horizontally, the internally threaded block is affixed to the outside of the side wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber, the externally threaded shaft runs through the internally threaded block, and a single helix is arranged on the outside of the externally threaded shaft The external thread of the internal thread block is provided with an internal thread meshing with the external thread and an internal thread. The other end of the external thread shaft is connected to the external thread shaft motor through a coupling. Between the compression angle plate and the fixed inclined filter plate The solid material outlet is provided on the bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber between them, and the fixed inclined filter plate is a densely covered through-hole plate, and its inclined direction is that the top is away from the side of the compression angle plate. The bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber at the rear is provided with the water outlet filter screen, and the water release opening and closing baffle is provided on the top of the water outlet filter screen.

The fermentation device is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, including a fermentation chamber and a fermentation material storage chamber, wherein the fermentation chamber includes a fermentation chamber entrance, a fermentation chamber outlet, an opening and closing baffle for the fermentation chamber outlet, and a flora addition box , an air outlet duct, an air outlet electromagnetic valve, an air inlet duct, and an air inlet fan; the entrance of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the top of the fermentation chamber and communicates with the outlet of the solid material, and the uppermost part of the side wall of the fermentation chamber is provided with the The flora addition box is provided with the outlet of the fermentation chamber on the bottom wall of the fermentation chamber, and the opening and closing baffle of the outlet of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the outlet of the fermentation chamber, and on the side wall of the fermentation chamber The air outlet duct is arranged on the top, and the air outlet solenoid valve is arranged on the air outlet duct, the air inlet duct is arranged on the other side wall of the fermentation chamber, and the air inlet duct is provided with a The air inlet fan; the fermentation material storage room is arranged under the fermentation room and communicates with the fermentation room through the outlet of the fermentation room.

The oil-water separation device includes an oil-water separation chamber and an oil storage tank. The oil-water separation chamber is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, and includes an oil-water separation chamber inlet, an oil discharge port, an oil release sliding block, an oil sensor, an air injection chamber, and an air injection chamber. mouth, air inlet pipe, air inlet fan and water release port; the inlet of the oil-water separation chamber is arranged on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber and communicates with the solid-liquid separation chamber through the water outlet filter, and a The air injection chamber, the top of the air injection chamber is provided with a plurality of air injection ports, the bottom of the air injection chamber is connected with the air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe is provided with the air inlet fan, and the bottom of the side wall of the oil-water separation chamber The water release port is provided, the oil discharge port is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the oil-water separation chamber, and the oil release sliding block is provided on the inner side of the oil discharge port, and the oil release sliding block can slide up and down, The oil sensor is arranged on the upper and lower parts of the oil release sliding block; the oil storage tank includes an oil storage tank inlet and a filter capsule, and the oil storage tank inlet and the oil discharge port are communicated through an oil outlet pipe, and The inlet of the fuel tank is covered with the filter capsule, and the filter capsule is made of elastic fabric material.

Preferably, the winding shaft is provided with multiple rows of spikes on the horizontal axis, and barbs are also provided on the surface of each spike.

Preferably, the shell of the crushing chamber is a square shell (or a rectangular parallelepiped shell).

Preferably, a booster fan is provided in the steam generating chamber for boosting the pressure of the steam entering the bottom of the crushing chamber.

Preferably, the mesh diameter of the water outlet filter is smaller than the through hole diameter of the fixed inclined filter plate.

Preferably, the water outlet filter is provided in a detachable structure.

Preferably, the filter capsule is snapped on the inlet of the oil storage tank through a detachable clip.

Preferably, an air outlet is provided on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber.

Technical effect of the present invention is:

1. Since the residents need to bag the garbage when putting it in, and the nature of the outer skin of the bag is very different from that of kitchen waste, so it needs to be removed first. By setting the winding shaft below the main entrance of the garbage, the plastic skin is removed through the long spikes on it. At the same time, when the kitchen waste is dumped in the residential room, it will also be wrapped in some film-like composites. The winding shaft is rotating During the process, such items will also be wound and removed, thereby avoiding the incorporation of refractory plastic products into subsequent fertilizers, thereby achieving purification of subsequent organic fertilizers or oils.

By setting upward spraying water vapor at the bottom of the crushing chamber, since the water vapor will condense when it encounters a material with a lower temperature, and the condensation reaction will release a large amount of heat, so that the kitchen waste can be treated by high heat reaction. Harmful microorganisms in the crushing chamber are killed, and the purpose of killing harmful fungi (microorganisms) is realized during the crushing process. At the same time, the fermented auxiliary materials are added in the crushing chamber, which can not only crush and grind the fermented auxiliary materials synchronously, At the same time, it can also achieve efficient mixing of auxiliary materials and kitchen waste.

By setting a grinding chamber with a specific structure and gradually reducing the grinding space, the material is sieved and ground. Only the particles ground in the upper part can enter the cylindrical part when the particle size is below a certain size, thus greatly improving the grinding effect.

2. By setting the oil-water separation device with bottom jet, according to the properties of water and oil density, while skimming off the grease floating on the surface, due to the upward jet setting of the bottom jet cavity, the gas moves upward in the form of small bubbles In the medium, the particles in the water body are adsorbed on the outer surface of the bubbles due to the surface tension of the bubbles, and then float to the surface of the oil and water to form foams, which not only float the oil temporarily mixed in the water to the surface through the bubbles, but also float the water body Impurities in have been removed. Cooperate with the filter capsule at the entrance of the oil storage tank, the filter capsule passes the liquid substance through and the solid particles are filtered out in the capsule, thereby improving the oil-water separation effect and removing harmful particles in the water body, achieving synergy processing effect.

3. Through the installation of solid-liquid separation device, through the arrangement of extrusion parts and fixed inclined filter plates, the crushed and ground granular solid materials and liquid mixtures can be separated by extrusion. By setting the bottom plate of the compression corner plate fixedly connected with the inclined pressure plate, the outlet of the solid material is closed during the extrusion process to prevent the liquid material from flowing out so that the liquid material passes through the fixed inclined filter plate during the extrusion process. After the extrusion is completed, during the retraction of the compression angle plate, the solid material is dropped downwards, realizing efficient solid-liquid separation.

By setting the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe in the fermentation room, the gas in the fermentation room can be replaced at an appropriate time. At the same time, a solenoid valve is also installed on the air outlet pipe, so that when the air outlet pipe is closed, only the open The air inlet pipe is used to adjust the pressure of the micro positive pressure in the fermentation chamber.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a residential kitchen waste pretreatment device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a side view of a porous support plate of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a top view of a porous support plate of the present invention.

Among them: 11-main entrance of garbage, 12-winding shaft, 13-winding shaft motor, 21-broken shaft, 22-broken inner teeth, 23-broken outer teeth, 24-porous support plate, 241-through hole of porous support plate Part, 25- crushing shaft motor, 26- crushing chamber outlet, 27- auxiliary material adding box, 28- steam inlet, 29- steam generating chamber, 31- grinding cone, 311- grinding cone motor, 32- grinding outer wall, 33 -Abrasive outlet, 41-compression angle plate, 411-compression angle plate bottom plate, 42-internal thread block, 43-external thread shaft, 44-external thread shaft motor, 45-fixed inclined filter plate, 46-outlet water filter, 461-water release opening and closing baffle, 51-inlet of fermentation chamber, 52-outlet of fermentation chamber, 521-opening and closing baffle of outlet of fermentation chamber, 53-flora addition box, 54-outlet duct, 541- Air outlet solenoid valve, 55-air inlet pipe, 551-air inlet fan, 56-fermentation material storage room, 60-water oil level, 61-oil release sliding block, 611-oil sensor, 62-air injection chamber, 621 -air jet, 63-air intake pipe, 64-air intake fan, 65-oil outlet pipe, 651-filter capsule, 66-oil storage tank.

Detailed ways

Example 1

Further explanation in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: the residential kitchen waste pretreatment device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 includes inlet pretreatment components, crushing devices, grinding chambers, solid-liquid separation chambers, fermentation devices, and oil-water separation devices .

As shown in Figure 1, the inlet pretreatment component includes a main garbage inlet, a square cylinder wall, a winding shaft and a winding shaft motor; The square tube wall has the winding shaft placed horizontally in the square tube wall, and the winding shaft is provided with 5 rows of spikes (5 in each row) on the horizontal axis, and there are also thorns on the surface of each spike Set with barbs. A winding shaft motor is arranged outside the wall of the square cylinder, and the winding shaft motor is used to drive the winding shaft to rotate.

As shown in Figure 1, the crushing device is arranged below the inlet pretreatment part, including a crushing chamber and a steam generation chamber, and the crushing chamber includes a crushing chamber entrance, a crushing shaft, crushing internal teeth, crushing external teeth, and a porous support plate , crushing shaft motor, crushing chamber outlet, auxiliary material addition box and steam inlet; the crushing chamber inlet is connected with the bottom of the square cylinder wall, the crushing shaft is placed horizontally in the crushing chamber, and there are closely arranged on the crushing shaft 15 rows of crushing internal teeth, the porous support plate is arranged below the crushing shaft, and 15 rows of crushing external teeth are densely arranged above the porous support plate (3 in each row as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3), each row of crushing The outer teeth and the crushing inner teeth are arranged at intervals. The porous support plate shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is a semi-circular arc plate structure and surrounds the lower part of the crushing shaft. Holes, the dense through-holes can allow water vapor to pass through, and an opening is opened downward in the middle of the porous support plate to form the discharge port of the crushing chamber. The crushing internal teeth and crushing external teeth are both conical structures; The crushing shaft motor is arranged outside the crushing chamber, and the crushing shaft motor communicates with the crushing shaft through a coupling to drive it. The auxiliary material adding box is arranged on the top of the crushing chamber, and The steam inlet is arranged on the top; the steam generating chamber communicates with the steam inlet through a pipe, and the upper part of the crushing chamber is filled with water vapor through a porous support plate.

The shell of the crushing chamber is a square shell.

The steam generating chamber is provided with a booster fan for boosting the pressure of the steam entering the bottom of the crushing chamber.

The grinding chamber is arranged below the crushing chamber, including the inlet of the grinding chamber, the grinding cone, the motor of the grinding cone, the outer wall of the grinding and the outlet of the grinding material; The feed port is connected, and the grinding cone is arranged directly below the entrance of the grinding chamber. The upper half of the grinding cone is a cone structure, and the lower half is a cylinder structure. The grinding cone motor is arranged at the bottom of the grinding cone. The grinding cone motor drives the grinding cone to rotate on its own axis, the grinding outer wall is arranged outside the grinding cone in an arc-shaped funnel-shaped structure, the outer surface of the grinding cone and the inner surface of the grinding outer wall are roughened, so The distance between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall gradually decreases from top to bottom, and an annular abrasive outlet is provided at the lower part of the gap between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall.

The solid-liquid separation chamber as shown in Figure 1 is arranged below the grinding chamber, including the entrance of the solid-liquid separation chamber, a compression angle plate, an internal thread block, an external thread shaft, an external thread shaft motor, a fixed inclined filter plate, and a water outlet filter. Net, water release opening and closing baffle and solid material outlet; the entrance of the solid-liquid separation chamber is set on the top of the solid-liquid separation chamber and communicated with the outlet of the grinding material, and is respectively set on both sides directly below the entrance of the solid-liquid separation chamber There are the compression angle plate and the fixed inclined filter plate, the compression angle plate includes an inclined pressure plate in the same inclination direction as the fixed inclined filter plate (that is, the left is low and the right is high in Figure 1) and the inclined pressure plate is fixed and horizontally arranged The bottom plate of the compression angle plate at the bottom of the inclined platen is connected with the externally threaded shaft horizontally at the rear of the inclined platen, and the internally threaded block is fixed on the outside of the side wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber. The externally threaded shaft Through the internal thread block, a single helical external thread is provided on the outside of the external thread shaft, and an internal thread meshing with the external thread is provided inside the internal thread block, and the other end of the external thread shaft is connected to the external thread through a coupling. An externally threaded shaft motor, the solid material outlet is provided on the bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber between the compression angle plate and the fixed inclined filter plate. The fixed inclined filter plate is a densely covered through-hole plate, and its inclined The direction is that the top is away from the side of the compression angle plate (that is, the left side is low and the right side is high in Figure 1), and the water outlet filter is arranged on the bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber behind the fixed inclined filter plate, and the water outlet filter The top of the net is provided with the water release opening and closing baffle.

The mesh diameter of the water outlet filter screen is smaller than the through hole diameter of the fixed inclined filter plate.

The water outlet filter screen is a detachable structure.

The fermentation device is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, including a fermentation chamber and a fermentation material storage chamber, wherein the fermentation chamber includes a fermentation chamber entrance, a fermentation chamber outlet, an opening and closing baffle for the fermentation chamber outlet, and a flora addition box , an air outlet duct, an air outlet electromagnetic valve, an air inlet duct, and an air inlet fan; the entrance of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the top of the fermentation chamber and communicates with the outlet of the solid material, and the uppermost part of the side wall of the fermentation chamber is provided with the The flora addition box is provided with the outlet of the fermentation chamber on the bottom wall of the fermentation chamber, and the opening and closing baffle of the outlet of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the outlet of the fermentation chamber, and on the side wall of the fermentation chamber The air outlet duct is arranged on the top, and the air outlet solenoid valve is arranged on the air outlet duct, the air inlet duct is arranged on the other side wall of the fermentation chamber, and the air inlet duct is provided with a The air inlet fan; the fermentation material storage room is arranged under the fermentation room and communicates with the fermentation room through the outlet of the fermentation room.

The oil-water separation device includes an oil-water separation chamber and an oil storage tank. The oil-water separation chamber is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, and includes an oil-water separation chamber inlet, an oil discharge port, an oil release sliding block, an oil sensor, an air injection chamber, and an air injection chamber. mouth, air inlet pipe, air inlet fan and water release port; the inlet of the oil-water separation chamber is arranged on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber and communicates with the solid-liquid separation chamber through the water outlet filter, and a The air injection chamber, the top of the air injection chamber is provided with a plurality of air injection ports, the bottom of the air injection chamber is connected with the air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe is provided with the air inlet fan, and the bottom of the side wall of the oil-water separation chamber The water release port is provided, the oil discharge port is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the oil-water separation chamber, and the oil release sliding block is provided on the inner side of the oil discharge port, and the oil release sliding block can slide up and down, The oil sensor is arranged on the upper and lower parts of the oil release sliding block; the oil storage tank includes an oil storage tank inlet and a filter capsule, and the oil storage tank inlet and the oil discharge port are communicated through an oil outlet pipe, and The inlet of the fuel tank is covered with the filter capsule, and the filter capsule is made of elastic fabric material. An air outlet is arranged on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber.

The filter capsule is clamped on the inlet of the oil storage tank through detachable clamping, and when the contents reach a certain amount, the contents of the capsule are cleaned and removed by replacing the filter capsule.

Claims (8)

1. A residential kitchen waste pretreatment device, characterized in that it includes an inlet pretreatment component, a crushing device, a grinding chamber, a solid-liquid separation chamber, a fermentation device, and an oil-water separation device; The inlet pretreatment part includes a main garbage entrance, a square cylinder wall, a winding shaft and a winding shaft motor; the main garbage entrance is arranged at the top and is a funnel-shaped structure, and the square cylinder wall is connected below the main garbage entrance. The winding shaft is placed horizontally inside the square tube wall, and the winding shaft is provided with multiple rows of spikes on the horizontal shaft. A winding shaft motor is arranged outside the square tube wall, and the winding shaft motor is used to drive the winding shaft. shaft rotation; The crushing device is arranged below the entrance pretreatment part, including a crushing chamber and a steam generation chamber. chamber outlet, auxiliary material adding box and steam inlet; the entrance of the crushing chamber communicates with the bottom of the square cylinder wall, the crushing shaft is placed horizontally in the crushing chamber, and multiple rows of crushing internal teeth are arranged closely on the crushing shaft. The porous supporting plate is arranged below the crushing shaft, and multiple rows of crushing external teeth are closely arranged above the porous supporting plate, and each row of crushing external teeth is arranged at intervals from the crushing internal teeth, and the porous supporting plate is a semi-circular arc plate The structure surrounds the lower part of the crushing shaft, and the edge of the porous support plate is provided with densely distributed through holes, which can allow water vapor to pass through, and an opening is opened downward in the middle of the porous support plate to form the crushing chamber At the discharge port, the crushing internal teeth and the crushing external teeth are both conical structures; the crushing shaft motor is arranged outside the crushing chamber, and the crushing shaft motor communicates with the crushing shaft through a coupling and performs Driven, the auxiliary material addition box is arranged on the top of the crushing chamber, and the steam inlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the crushing chamber; The upper part is filled with water vapor; The grinding chamber is arranged below the crushing chamber, including the inlet of the grinding chamber, the grinding cone, the motor of the grinding cone, the outer wall of the grinding and the outlet of the grinding material; The feed port is connected, and the grinding cone is arranged directly below the entrance of the grinding chamber. The upper half of the grinding cone is a cone structure, and the lower half is a cylinder structure. The grinding cone motor is arranged at the bottom of the grinding cone. The grinding cone motor drives the grinding cone to rotate on its own axis, the grinding outer wall is arranged outside the grinding cone in an arc-shaped funnel-shaped structure, the outer surface of the grinding cone and the inner surface of the grinding outer wall are roughened, so The distance between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and an annular abrasive outlet is provided at the bottom of the gap between the grinding cone and the grinding outer wall; The solid-liquid separation chamber is arranged below the grinding chamber, including the entrance of the solid-liquid separation chamber, a compression angle plate, an internal thread block, an external thread shaft, an external thread shaft motor, a fixed inclined filter plate, a water outlet filter, and a water release switch. Baffle plate and solid material outlet; the inlet of the solid-liquid separation chamber is set on the top of the solid-liquid separation chamber and communicated with the outlet of the grinding material, and the compression angle plates are respectively arranged on both sides directly below the inlet of the solid-liquid separation chamber and a fixed inclined filter plate, the compression angle plate includes an inclined pressure plate with the same inclination direction as the fixed inclined filter plate, and a compression angle plate base plate fixed to the inclined pressure plate and arranged laterally at the bottom of the inclined pressure plate, which is rotatably connected at the rear of the inclined pressure plate There is the externally threaded shaft placed horizontally, the internally threaded block is affixed to the outside of the side wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber, the externally threaded shaft runs through the internally threaded block, and a single helix is arranged on the outside of the externally threaded shaft The external thread of the internal thread block is provided with an internal thread meshing with the external thread and an internal thread. The other end of the external thread shaft is connected to the external thread shaft motor through a coupling. Between the compression angle plate and the fixed inclined filter plate The solid material outlet is provided on the bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber between them. The fixed inclined filter plate is a densely covered through-hole plate, and its inclined direction is that the top is away from the side of the compression angle plate. The bottom wall of the solid-liquid separation chamber at the rear is provided with the water outlet filter, and the water release opening and closing baffle is arranged on the top of the water outlet filter; The fermentation device is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, including a fermentation chamber and a fermentation material storage chamber, wherein the fermentation chamber includes a fermentation chamber entrance, a fermentation chamber outlet, an opening and closing baffle for the fermentation chamber outlet, and a flora addition box , an air outlet duct, an air outlet electromagnetic valve, an air inlet duct, and an air inlet fan; the entrance of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the top of the fermentation chamber and communicates with the outlet of the solid material, and the uppermost part of the side wall of the fermentation chamber is provided with the The flora addition box is provided with the outlet of the fermentation chamber on the bottom wall of the fermentation chamber, and the opening and closing baffle of the outlet of the fermentation chamber is arranged on the outlet of the fermentation chamber, and on the side wall of the fermentation chamber The air outlet duct is arranged on the top, and the air outlet solenoid valve is arranged on the air outlet duct, the air inlet duct is arranged on the other side wall of the fermentation chamber, and the air inlet duct is provided with a The air inlet fan; the fermentation material storage chamber is arranged below the fermentation chamber and communicates with the fermentation chamber through the outlet of the fermentation chamber; The oil-water separation device includes an oil-water separation chamber and an oil storage tank. The oil-water separation chamber is arranged below the solid-liquid separation chamber, and includes an oil-water separation chamber inlet, an oil discharge port, an oil release sliding block, an oil sensor, an air injection chamber, and an air injection chamber. mouth, air inlet pipe, air inlet fan and water release port; the inlet of the oil-water separation chamber is arranged on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber and communicates with the solid-liquid separation chamber through the water outlet filter, and a The air injection chamber, the top of the air injection chamber is provided with a plurality of air injection ports, the air inlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the air injection chamber, the air inlet fan is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and the side wall bottom of the oil-water separation chamber The water release port is provided, the oil discharge port is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the oil-water separation chamber, and the oil release sliding block is provided on the inner side of the oil discharge port, and the oil release sliding block can slide up and down, The oil sensor is provided on the upper and lower parts of the oil release sliding block; the oil storage tank includes an oil storage tank inlet and a filter capsule, and the oil storage tank inlet and the oil discharge port are communicated through an oil outlet pipe, and The inlet of the fuel tank is covered with the filter capsule, and the filter capsule is made of elastic fabric material. 2. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the winding shaft is provided with multiple rows of spikes on the horizontal axis, and each spike is also provided with barbs on the surface. 3. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the shell of the crushing chamber is a square shell (or a rectangular parallelepiped shell). 4. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that a booster fan is provided in the steam generating chamber for boosting the steam pressure entering the bottom of the crushing chamber. 5 . The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the mesh diameter of the outlet water filter is smaller than the through hole diameter of the fixed inclined filter plate. 5 . 6. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outlet water filter is a detachable structure. 7. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the filter capsule is snapped onto the inlet of the oil storage tank through a detachable clip. 8. The residential kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that an air outlet is provided on the top wall of the oil-water separation chamber.