CN110350261B - Lithium ion battery matching method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery matching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110350261B CN110350261B CN201910669655.0A CN201910669655A CN110350261B CN 110350261 B CN110350261 B CN 110350261B CN 201910669655 A CN201910669655 A CN 201910669655A CN 110350261 B CN110350261 B CN 110350261B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery matching method, which comprises the following steps: (1) fully charging N single batteries, and dividing the batteries into N batches; (2) respectively carrying out series discharge on the N batches of single batteries in the step (1), discharging to the discharge tail end, and recording the voltage V of each single battery after discharge; (3) respectively carrying out series complementary charging on the N batches of single batteries in the step (2), or carrying out series complementary charging after complete independent discharging; (4) according to the voltage V measured in the step (2), matching the single batteries in each batch to obtain N battery packs; (5) the resulting N battery packs are connected. The invention utilizes the method of series charging and discharging to carry out consistency screening, so that the voltage of each series discharging is compared on the same reference, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity, quickness and effectiveness. The method can also adjust the production process according to different consistency requirements when the battery pack is applied, so that the consistency of the battery is higher; the parameters are simple and convenient to operate and master during matching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery matching method.
Background
In recent years, large lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of energy storage, electric buses and the like, the battery energy is less, hundreds of kWHs are used, more thousands of kWHs are used, and the required batteries are connected in series and in parallel, and the number of the batteries is more and more. Battery uniformity is also the most important issue. Because each cell parameter has difference, the working state of each cell parameter has difference, and if the cell parameters are not controlled, the cell is damaged and the safety problem is caused; however, the capacity cannot be fully utilized in the control.
The traditional matching method needs to match according to parameters such as battery capacity, internal resistance and voltage drop, sometimes even needs to match for the second time after the battery pack after matching is subjected to capacity test, the operation is complex, and the effect has limitations, such as: and measuring an error. The current measurement error in China is about 1%, and the error can not meet the requirement of the market on the power battery at all.
The traditional grouping method is difficult to control in standard, the battery utilization rate is low under strict standard, the battery consistency is poor under reduced standard, the whole capacity of the battery is influenced when the battery is used, and the service life and the safety of the battery are also adversely affected. The traditional method is adopted for matching, the parameters to be considered are more, the main parameters need to be determined according to actual working conditions, and the actual operation of enterprise production is not facilitated. In addition, the general series discharge grouping method is limited by the voltage of the charge and discharge equipment, and cannot be applied to large-scale battery grouping well. Currently, there is an urgent need in the market for a simple, fast and effective grouping method that improves battery consistency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lithium ion battery matching method, which can solve one or more of the problems in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the invention, a lithium ion battery grouping method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fully charging N single batteries, and dividing the batteries into N batches;
(2) respectively carrying out series discharge on the N batches of single batteries in the step (1), discharging to the discharge tail end, and recording the voltage V of each single battery after discharge;
(3) respectively carrying out series supplementary charging on the N batches of single batteries in the step (2);
(4) respectively matching the single batteries in each batch according to the voltage V of the single batteries measured in the step (2) to obtain N battery packs;
(5) the resulting N battery packs are connected.
Therefore, the single batteries are fully charged and then serially discharged, and the discharge is finished when the discharge is finished until the discharge tail end is fixed with the capacitor, so that the serial discharge voltage is compared on the same reference every time, the obtained batteries have consistent charge tail ends, the obtained single batteries have high consistency, and the batteries which are serially discharged at each time can be used in one battery pack and are suitable for the matching of large-sized battery packs. When the method is used for matching the lithium ion batteries, the batteries can be matched only by measuring one voltage value, and the battery matching process is simplified.
In some embodiments, a preliminary screening of the single cells is also required before step (1). Therefore, the quality of the assembled single batteries can be ensured, and the consistency of the batteries can be ensured.
In some embodiments, the n cells in the lithium ion battery pack have the same specification. Therefore, the difference between the single batteries is small, and the grouping is convenient.
In some embodiments, step (3) is preceded by the following steps: and (3) respectively and independently discharging the single batteries which are discharged in series to the discharge end in each batch obtained in the step (2) to the stop voltage. Therefore, the discharge ends of the single batteries are consistent, and different requirements can be met.
In some embodiments, the amount of charge charged in series in step (3) may float. Therefore, the system can be adjusted according to requirements, and the series supplementary electric quantity is 50% SOC in general.
In some embodiments, the grouping method in step (4) is as follows: and eliminating the single batteries with discrete voltage in each batch, and connecting the rest single batteries in series or/and in parallel. Therefore, the single batteries with discrete voltages are removed, the voltage and capacitance difference of the residual single batteries is small, and the consistency of the batteries is enhanced. The voltage difference of the single batteries can be reduced through parallel connection, so that the consistency of the batteries is further improved.
In some embodiments, in the same batch of single batteries, one single battery is connected in parallel with p single batteries to obtain one parallel unit; there may be M parallel units in each batch. Therefore, the parallel units are formed in a parallel connection mode, so that the difference of voltage values among batteries is reduced, and the consistency of the batteries is further improved.
In some embodiments, p.gtoreq.1. That is, one single battery and one or more single batteries may be connected in parallel to obtain a two-in-one unit, or a three-in-one unit, a four-in-one unit, or other multiple-in-one unit.
In the same batch of single batteries, one single battery with voltage V higher than the average value and one single battery with voltage V lower than the average value are connected in parallel to obtain a two-parallel unit. One or more single batteries with voltage V higher than the average value and one or more single batteries with voltage V lower than the average value can be connected in parallel to obtain a multi-parallel unit.
Two cells with the largest voltage V difference can be selected from the single cells to be connected in parallel, and two cells with the largest voltage V difference are continuously selected from the remaining single cells to be connected in parallel, so that a plurality of parallel units with similar voltage values can be obtained through multiple repetitions, the voltage of the remaining single cells is not greatly different from the average value of all the single cells, and the voltage difference value of the remaining single cells and the parallel units is not large.
In some embodiments, M is a natural number. When the voltage V of the same batch of single batteries is not different greatly and meets the requirement on the consistency of the batteries in the production and processing process, all the single batteries in the batch can be connected in series, and at the moment, M is 0. When the voltage V deviation of a part of single batteries in the same batch of single batteries is larger, the difference between the part of single batteries and the rest single batteries can be reduced in a parallel connection mode, so that the consistency of the batteries is improved, and at the moment, M is more than or equal to 1.
In some embodiments, N.gtoreq.1, i.e., one or more batches may be made. The single batteries obtained by matching in each batch have high consistency and can be connected and combined. Generally, devices for performing series-parallel discharge have voltage limitations, and if the number of batteries connected in series is large, the voltage range of the devices is exceeded. Large battery packs require a large number of cells and may exceed the range of the device. Therefore, the batteries can be charged and discharged in batches according to the requirements and the voltage limit of the equipment, and then the batteries in each batch are assembled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a lithium ion battery grouping method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow of steps of a lithium ion battery grouping method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment, the lithium ion battery pack with the discharge end voltage range less than or equal to 250mV is configured, and the voltage limit of the charge and discharge equipment is 500V. The specific configuration method is as follows:
(1) preliminary screening
256 single batteries with the same specification and qualified quality are selected, randomly divided into two batches of 128 batteries, and numbered.
(2) Two batches of single cells were fully charged.
(3) The two batches of batteries were respectively discharged in series with a discharge capacity of 103Ah, i.e., discharged to the end of discharge, and the voltage V after discharge of each cell was recorded, as shown in table 1.
(4) Data processing
Batteries with discrete voltages in the two batches of batteries are removed, and the two batches of batteries are sorted according to the voltage from low to high, as shown in table 2. Among them, V61, V30, V41, V98, V1 ', V8 ' and V9 ' were rejected due to poor dispersion.
(5) Each cell in the two battery batches was individually discharged to an end voltage.
(6) Two batches of batteries were separately charged in series to 50% SOC.
(7) And matching according to the discharged voltage V of each single battery, wherein the matching method comprises the following steps:
(a) the two batches of single batteries are respectively sorted from low to high according to the voltage V, as shown in Table 2.
(b) In the 1 st group of single batteries, the two single batteries with the largest voltage difference are connected in parallel to obtain a parallel unit, namely, the low voltage and the high voltage at the discharging tail end of the series connection of V88 and V37 can form a two-parallel unit in practical application; two single batteries with the largest voltage difference are selected from the rest single batteries to be connected in parallel to obtain a second parallel unit, namely V73 and V34 can form a two-parallel unit in practical application. So as to form 62 two parallel units by matching the 1 st batch of series discharge units. Batch 2 cells were grouped as batch 1 and 62 binary cells were also formed as shown in table 3.
The lithium ion battery grouping method obtained in this example is shown in table 4. The single batteries are connected in parallel two by two, 120 two parallel units are connected in series, and redundant battery units 121, 122, 123 and 124, V14' in the 2 nd batch and rejected voltage discrete batteries can participate in next series discharge for continuous utilization after being fully charged.
In addition, in other embodiments, more than three single batteries can be connected in parallel to form different grouping modes. Taking batch 1 as an example, the grouping method is as follows:
(a) the 1 st batch of single batteries were sorted according to voltage V from low to high, and the single batteries were divided into three partitions, a low voltage region, a middle voltage region, and a high voltage region, as shown in table 5.
(b) In the 1 st batch of unit cells, the unit cell V88 with the lowest voltage V in the low voltage region, the unit cell V37 with the highest voltage V in the high voltage region, and any one of the unit cells (here, V76 is selected) in the intermediate voltage region are connected in parallel to obtain a triple unit (V88, V37, V76). According to the rule, the cell V73 with the lowest voltage V in the low-voltage region, the cell V34 with the highest voltage V in the high-voltage region and any cell in the middle-voltage region (V68 is selected here) are connected in parallel in sequence in the rest of the cells to obtain a second triple unit (V73, V34 and V49). The remaining cells were sequentially grouped according to this rule to obtain 42 triple-unit cells and one cell, as shown in table 6.
In addition, the parallel units with parallel numbers 61 and 62 shown in table 3 may be adjusted, and the remaining two parallel units may be unchanged. V16, V52 and V49 in the 1 st batch are connected in parallel, and V70 is removed to obtain a triple unit, namely, the first batch of single batteries are matched to obtain 60 double units and a triple unit.
For another example, V16, V52, V49 and V70 in lot 1 may be connected in parallel, and the remaining unit cells may be combined into a unit cell pair according to table 3, thereby obtaining a unit cell pair of four and 60 unit cells.
In addition, only a part of the single cells may be combined in parallel. For example, in the first embodiment, V84 'and V75' in lot 2 are also eliminated, while V69 'and V62' are not combined in parallel, and the rest of the unit cells are connected in two parallel units as shown in table 3, so that 60 parallel units and 3 unit cells are obtained from the unit cells in lot 2. As can be seen from table 4, V69 'and V62' have smaller voltage differences from the remaining 60 dyad cells in batch 2. V14' is also eliminated, and 60 secondary parallel units and 3 single batteries are obtained by matching the 2 nd batch of single batteries, so that the consistency among the obtained battery groups can be ensured to be high.
TABLE 1 Voltage V of the cells
TABLE 2 order according to voltage V
TABLE 3 binary unit
Table 4 lithium ion battery matching scheme (one)
TABLE 5 sequencing and partitioning of the cells in batch 1
TABLE 6 triple unit pairing scheme
According to the matching scheme of the lithium ion batteries, only one parameter, namely the voltage value after serial discharge, is needed to be referred, the consistency of the obtained single batteries is high, and the voltage range between the batteries is less than 250 mV; the matching method is simple, only one parameter needs to be measured, and the operation is convenient. If the charging ends are required to be consistent, the step (5) may be omitted, and the rest of the steps are the same as those in the above embodiment.
What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The lithium ion battery matching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fully charging N single batteries, and dividing the batteries into N batches;
(2) respectively carrying out series discharge on the N batches of single batteries in the step (1) until the discharge ends, and recording the voltage V of each single battery after discharge;
when the discharge is finished until the discharge tail end is fixed with the capacitor, the discharge is finished, so that the serial discharge voltage is compared on the same reference every time;
(3) charging tail ends of all the battery monomers discharged in the step (2) are consistent, and directly connecting all the batches of single batteries in series respectively for charging;
or discharging the single batteries to the end voltage independently, and then respectively performing series compensation charging;
(4) respectively grouping the single batteries in each batch according to the voltage V of the single batteries measured in the step (2) to obtain N battery packs;
(5) connecting the obtained N battery packs;
the matching method in the step (4) is as follows:
removing the single batteries with discrete voltage in each batch, and connecting the rest single batteries in series or/and in parallel;
in the same batch of single batteries, one single battery is connected with p single batteries in parallel to obtain a parallel unit; each batch has M parallel units;
connecting a single battery with a voltage V higher than the average value with a single battery with a voltage V lower than the average value in parallel to obtain a two-parallel unit; one or more single batteries with voltage V higher than the average value are connected in parallel with one or more single batteries with voltage V lower than the average value to obtain a multi-parallel unit;
p is more than or equal to 1, and M is a natural number;
N≥1。
2. the lithium ion battery grouping method according to claim 1, wherein a preliminary screening of the single batteries is further required before the step (1).
3. The lithium ion battery grouping method according to claim 2, wherein the n single batteries have the same specification.
4. The lithium ion battery grouping method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps before the step (3):
and (3) discharging the single batteries in each batch obtained in the step (2) to a termination voltage respectively and independently.
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