CN110344754B - Hydraulic impactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic impactor, which belongs to the field of hole bottom power machines and is driven to work by a pressure flushing fluid medium, and comprises an upper joint, a flow distribution core tube, an outer tube, a flow distribution seat, a cylinder sleeve, a piston, a clamp spring, a retaining sleeve, a first semicircular clamp, a limiting sleeve, a control valve, a plug, a flushing hammer, a second semicircular clamp, a spline sleeve and a drill bit. The impactor has the advantages of simple structure, small volume loss and pressure loss, high energy utilization rate, broad-spectrum working characteristics, capability of meeting the requirement of large impact power output structurally, capability of implementing impact rotary drilling mainly based on rotation under the working condition of small flow, capability of implementing impact rotary drilling mainly based on impact under the working condition of large flow, further capability of exponentially improving the drilling footage speed, and contribution to reducing the construction cost in the fields of petroleum, well drilling, mine, geological exploration and the like, and is particularly beneficial to accelerating the development and utilization of new energy dry and hot rock.

Description

A hydraulic impactor

Technical field

The invention relates to a drilling/hole machine tool for drilling rocks, which belongs to the field of bottom-hole power machines and can be used in geological exploration, hydrology and water well drilling, oil drilling, geothermal wells and other geotechnical drilling. In particular, it can be used in deep dry drilling. Rapid drilling of hot rock.

Background technique

At present, in various geotechnical drilling such as geological exploration, hydrology and water well drilling, oil drilling and geothermal wells, and rapid drilling of deep dry hot rocks, hydraulic impact rotary drilling can be realized by using hydraulic impactors. , can increase the footage rate of drilling into hard rock, and is an effective drilling method to solve the problem of drilling into hard rock. However, this kind of hydraulic impact rotary drilling is mainly rotary drilling, supplemented by impact. For example, diamond rope coring impact rotary drilling is based on diamond drill bit rotary drilling, supplemented by impact. Impact rotary drilling. In the late 1990s, my country's petroleum system began to try to use hydraulic impactors as speed-increasing tools in oil drilling. The rotary drilling of cone bits was mainly used, supplemented by impact. Impact rotary drilling. In the impact rotary drilling as mentioned above, the impact generated when the hydraulic impactor is working is coupled to the original rotary drilling method, thereby increasing the speed of drilling footage. However, this kind of hydraulic impact rotary drilling can only increase the footage at a limited speed. The single impact power output by the hydraulic impactor is small, which is much smaller than the single impact power of the pneumatic impactor of the same size and specifications, and it cannot carry out volumetric crushing. It is precisely because the single impact power output by the hydraulic impactor is small, so far it has not been possible to implement impact-rotary drilling with impact as the main force and rotation as the supplement as with pneumatic impactors. Sweden has a hydraulic impactor called "Vasara". It has high working pressure, high impact frequency, large single impact power, can carry out volumetric crushing, and can realize impact-based rotary drilling, and the drilling footage can be increased. The speed is doubled compared with previous hydraulic impact rotary drilling. This technology currently mainly enters the Chinese market as a technical service. However, this type of hydraulic impactor has a complex structure, many control and switching channels, high requirements for driving flushing fluid, and requires solid control equipment to purify the flushing fluid, resulting in high usage costs. The stroke differential high-energy hydraulic down-the-hole hammer (see CN201410756548 for details) and the high-energy impactor described in the valve-type high-energy hydraulic down-the-hole hammer (see CN201420513172 for details) disclosed in the prior art have complex structures and many control and switching channels. , the output piston rod is slender, and the structure is difficult to meet the requirements of large impact energy. As a high-energy impactor, its practicality is relatively poor.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional hydraulic impactors such as the working characteristics of flushing liquid flow and pressure that can only work effectively within a certain small range, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic impactor with a broad spectrum of operating characteristics and structure. It is simple, with small volume loss, small pressure loss, high energy utilization, and the structure can meet the requirements of large impact power output.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a hydraulic impactor, which is characterized in that it includes: an upper joint, a distribution core tube, an outer tube, a distribution seat, a cylinder liner, a piston, a circlip, a retaining sleeve, a third Semi-circular card, limit sleeve, control valve, plug, punch, second semi-circular card, spline sleeve and drill bit, the upper joint is connected to the upper end of the outer pipe through threads; a cylinder liner is provided inside the outer pipe; There is an annular gap between the cylinder liner and the outer tube. The upper and lower parts of the cylinder liner are provided with breathing holes connected to the annular gap. The upper end of the cylinder liner is provided with a flow distribution seat; the upper end surface of the flow distribution seat and the upper joint The lower end surface of the valve seat is in contact with the upper end surface of the cylinder liner. The upper part of the valve seat is pressed against the upper end surface of the cylinder liner by the upper joint. The lower part of the valve seat is a cylindrical structure. The lower part of the valve seat is placed in the inner hole of the piston. There is a The breathing hole is connected with the breathing hole on the cylinder liner. The inner hole of the valve seat is provided with a valve core tube. There is an annular gap between the inner hole of the valve seat and the valve core tube. The annular gap is connected to the valve seat. The breathing holes are connected; the center of the distribution core tube is provided with a central channel, the center channel of the distribution core tube is connected with the central channel of the upper joint, the lower part of the distribution core tube is provided with a blockage, and a shunt hole is provided on the blockage, and the distribution core tube The side wall is provided with an oblong water inlet, and the oblong water inlet is located above the blockage; the control valve is placed on the outside of the flow distribution core tube and slides with each other. The outside of the control valve cooperates with the inner hole of the piston to control The cooperation between the valve and the piston forms the control valve upper chamber and the control valve lower chamber. The outside of the piston cooperates with the inner hole of the cylinder liner. The cooperation between the piston and the cylinder liner forms the piston upper chamber and the piston lower chamber. The control valve lower chamber and the piston upper chamber Always connected, the upper chamber of the control valve and the lower chamber of the piston are always connected. The effective area of the flushing fluid in the lower chamber of the control valve is greater than the effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber of the control valve. The effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber of the piston is larger than that of the piston. The effective area of the flushing liquid in the lower chamber is that the lower end conical surface of the piston cooperates with the upper end conical surface of the hammer; the spline sleeve is threadedly connected to the lower end of the outer tube, and a drill bit is provided below the spline sleeve; the drill bit is set on its The upper spline shaft is connected with the spline sleeve, an annular groove is provided on the spline shaft, and a second semicircular clip is provided in the annular groove; the limit sleeve is fixed to the inner hole of the piston through the first semicircular clip; The retaining sleeve is placed on the first semicircular card and covers it, and the retaining sleeve is fixed by a circlip;

The control valve has a cylindrical structure. The upper control valve overflow hole and the control valve lower overflow hole are respectively provided on the control valve body. Corresponding to the position of the upper control valve overflow hole, a control valve is provided inside the control valve body. The upper ring groove corresponds to the position of the lower overflow hole of the control valve and the lower ring groove of the control valve is opened on the inside of the control valve body;

The piston has a cylindrical structure. The upper piston overflow hole opened on the piston is connected to the lower chamber of the piston through the second longitudinal groove opened along the axial direction of the outer wall of the piston. The lower piston overflow hole opened on the piston passes through the piston. A first longitudinal groove opened along the axial direction of the outer wall communicates with the upper chamber of the piston. An inner step is provided on the inside of the piston. At the same time, a slot for accommodating the circlip and a clamp for accommodating the first semicircular card are provided on the inside of the piston. groove.

Further, the cylinder liner is fixed through the steps in the inner hole of the outer tube.

Furthermore, the second longitudinal grooves and the first longitudinal grooves are arranged in a staggered manner and are not connected with each other.

The hydraulic impactor is characterized in that: it also includes a first sealing ring, a second sealing ring and a third sealing ring. The first sealing ring is disposed between the upper joint and the flow distribution core tube, and the second sealing ring is disposed between the flow distribution core tube. Between the seat and the cylinder liner, the third sealing ring is arranged between the distribution core tube and the plug.

Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects:

1. High volumetric efficiency and no wearing parts such as springs. All the flushing fluid entering the impactor is used to drive the movement of the working piston and control valve, which solves the flow loss problem of traditional forward and reaction impactors, and has the characteristics of small volume loss and high working frequency.

2. Small pressure loss. The flow channel is smooth and there are no jet holes, jet suction holes and orifices. Under the working conditions of large flow of flushing fluid, the probability of erosion is greatly reduced, which overcomes the problem of jet impactor and high starting pressure of jet suction impactor. Defects with large losses, high energy utilization, and good working reliability.

3. The structure of the force-bearing parts such as the piston can meet the output requirements of large impact energy. There is no mechanical impact on the structure during the return stroke of the piston, which solves the problem of impact on the structure by traditional impactors.

4. Under the working conditions of large flow and high pressure flushing fluid, it can output large single impact power and high impact frequency to carry out volumetric crushing and realize impact-based hydraulic impact rotary drilling, which is helpful to To double the drilling footage rate.

5. Under the working conditions of small flow flushing fluid, it has suitable single impact power and impact frequency, and is suitable for diamond rope coring drilling.

6. Broad-spectrum working characteristics. As the flow rate of flushing fluid input to the impactor increases, the working pressure of the impactor increases, the single impact power and impact frequency also increase accordingly, and the working range is large. It overcomes the working characteristics of traditional impactor flushing fluid flow and pressure that can only work effectively within a certain small range.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to understand the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows the structural assembly of a hydraulic impactor in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the hydraulic impactor in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the lower half of the hydraulic impactor in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the hydraulic impactor of the present invention during stroke.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the hydraulic impactor of the present invention when it starts its return stroke.

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the control valve of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the piston of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 7 .

The marks in the figure are as follows: 1-upper joint, 2-first sealing ring, 3-distribution core tube, 4-outer tube, 5-second sealing ring, 6-distribution seat, 7-cylinder liner, 8-piston, 9-circlip, 10-retaining sleeve, 11-first semicircular card, 12-positioning sleeve, 13-control valve, 14-blocking, 15-third sealing ring, 16-ram, 17-second semicircular card, 18-spline sleeve, 19-drill bit, 81-first longitudinal groove, 82-piston lower flow hole, 83-lower end cone, 84-piston upper flow hole, 85-second longitudinal groove, 86- Inner steps, 131-upper end face of control valve, 132-upper overflow hole of control valve, 133-upper annular groove of control valve, 134-lower overflow hole of control valve, 135-lower annular groove of control valve, 136-lower end face of control valve , a-piston upper chamber, b-control valve upper chamber, c-control valve lower chamber, d-piston lower chamber.

Detailed ways

In order to illustrate the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand. The content described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. The "first", "second" and "third" used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8, a hydraulic impactor includes an upper joint 1, a distribution core tube 3, an outer tube 4, a distribution seat 6, a cylinder liner 7, Piston 8, circlip 9, retaining sleeve 10, first semicircular card 11, limit sleeve 12, control valve 13, plug 14, ram 16, second semicircular card 17, spline sleeve 18 and drill bit 19, as mentioned above The joint 1 is connected to the upper end of the outer tube 4 through threads; a cylinder liner 7 is provided inside the outer tube 4; the cylinder liner 7 is fixed by the step in the inner hole of the outer tube 4, and a ring is left between the cylinder liner 7 and the outer tube 4 The upper and lower parts of the cylinder liner 7 are provided with breathing holes connected to the annular gap. The upper end of the cylinder liner 7 is provided with a flow distribution seat 6; the upper end surface of the distribution seat 6 is in contact with the lower end surface of the upper joint 1, and the flow distribution seat 6 is in contact with the lower end surface of the upper joint 1. The upper part of the seat 6 is pressed against the upper end surface of the cylinder liner 7 by the upper joint 1. The lower part of the valve seat 6 is a cylindrical structure. The lower part of the valve seat 6 is placed in the inner hole of the piston 8. On the upper part of the valve seat 6 A breathing hole is provided, which is connected with the breathing hole on the cylinder liner 7; the inner hole of the distribution seat 6 is provided with a distribution core tube 3, and an annular gap is left between the distribution core tube 3 and the inner hole of the distribution seat 6. The annular gap is connected to the breathing hole of the distribution seat 6. A central channel is provided in the center of the distribution core tube 3. The central channel of the distribution core tube 3 is connected with the central channel of the upper joint 1. A blockage 14 is provided at the lower part of the distribution core tube 3. , the blockage 14 can be opened with shunt holes of different diameters according to the operating conditions of the impactor, and the side wall of the flow distribution core tube 3 is provided with an oblong water inlet, and the oblong water inlet is located above the blockage 14; the control valve 13 They are placed on the outside of the flow distribution core tube 3 and slide with each other. The outside of the control valve 13 matches the inner hole of the piston 8. The cooperation between the control valve 13 and the piston 8 forms the control valve upper chamber b and the control valve lower chamber c. The outside of the piston 8 cooperates with the inner hole of the cylinder liner 7. The cooperation between the piston 8 and the cylinder liner 7 forms the piston upper chamber a and the piston lower chamber d. The control valve 13 and the piston 8 are both provided with overflow holes, so that the control valve lowers the Chamber c is always connected to the upper chamber a of the piston, and the upper chamber b of the control valve is always connected to the lower chamber d of the piston. The effective area of the flushing fluid in the lower chamber c of the control valve is greater than the effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber b of the control valve. The piston The effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber a is larger than the effective area of the flushing fluid in the lower chamber d of the piston; the lower end cone surface 83 of the piston 8 cooperates with the upper end cone surface of the hammer 16 to form an integrated structure and operate together; the flower The key sleeve 18 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the outer tube 4, and a drill bit 19 is provided below the spline sleeve 18; the drill bit 19 is cooperatively connected to the spline sleeve 18 through a spline shaft provided on its upper part, and a ring groove is provided on the spline shaft , and a second semicircular card 17 is provided in the ring groove.

The limiting sleeve 12 is fixed to the inner hole of the piston 8 through the first semicircular clip 11 .

The retaining sleeve 10 is placed on the first semicircular card 11 and covers it. The retaining sleeve 10 is fixed by the retaining spring 9 .

The control valve 13 has a cylindrical structure. The upper control valve overflow hole 132 and the control valve lower overflow hole 134 are respectively provided on the control valve body of the control valve 13. The corresponding position of the upper control valve overflow hole 132 is on the control valve. An upper control valve annular groove 133 is provided inside the body, and a lower control valve annular groove 135 is provided inside the control valve body corresponding to the position of the lower overflow hole 134 of the control valve.

The piston 8 has a cylindrical structure. The upper piston overflow hole 84 opened in the piston 8 is connected with the lower chamber d of the piston through the second longitudinal groove 85 opened in the axial direction of the outer wall of the piston 8. The lower piston overflow hole 82 is connected to the piston upper chamber a through the first longitudinal groove 81 opened along the axial direction of the outer wall of the piston 8. The second longitudinal grooves 85 and the first longitudinal grooves 81 are arranged in a staggered manner and are independent of each other. Interconnected; the inner side of the piston 8 is provided with an inner step 86 , and the inner side of the piston 8 is provided with a slot for accommodating the circlip 9 and a slot for accommodating the first semicircular card 11 .

The above-mentioned hydraulic impactor also includes a first sealing ring 2, a second sealing ring 5 and a third sealing ring 15. The first sealing ring 2 is disposed between the upper joint 1 and the flow distribution core tube 3, and the second sealing ring 5 is disposed between the upper joint 1 and the distribution core tube 3. Between the distribution seat 6 and the cylinder liner 7, a third sealing ring 15 is provided between the distribution core tube 3 and the plug 14.

The present invention adopts a valve-controlled method. Through the flow distribution of the control valve 13, the flushing liquid is continuously switched and sequentially enters the upper and lower working chambers of the piston 8, driving the piston 8 to complete the stroke and return stroke, thereby completing the reciprocating and continuous impact motion of the piston 8. The control valve 13 is placed outside the distribution core tube 3 and slides with each other. The center channel of the distribution core tube 3 is connected with the center channel of the upper joint 1 and is a high-pressure flushing fluid channel. The lower part of the center channel of the distribution core tube 3 is provided with a blockage. 14. Above the blockage 14, an oblong water inlet is provided on the side wall of the flow distribution core tube 3. Below the blockage 14 is the low-pressure center channel of the piston 8. The outside of the control valve 13 cooperates with the inner hole of the piston 8. The piston The outer side of 8 matches the inner hole of cylinder liner 7, so that the control valve 13 and the piston 8 form the control valve upper chamber b and the control valve lower chamber c, and the piston 8 and the cylinder liner 7 form the piston upper chamber a and the piston lower chamber d. , and the control valve body of the control valve 13 is respectively provided with an upper control valve overflow hole 132 and a lower control valve overflow hole 134, and the piston 8 is provided with an upper piston overflow hole 84 and a lower piston overflow hole 82, to control The lower chamber c of the valve is always connected with the upper chamber a of the piston, and the upper chamber b of the control valve and the lower chamber d of the piston. When the control valve 13 is at the bottom dead center position, the upper chamber b of the control valve passes through the upper ring groove 133 of the control valve and the lower chamber d of the piston. The upper overflow hole 132 is connected to the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3. The upper chamber b of the control valve is in a relatively high pressure state. At the same time, the lower chamber c of the control valve passes through the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve and the lower overflow hole 134 of the control valve. The low-pressure center channel of piston 8 is connected, and the lower chamber c of the control valve is in a low-pressure state. Under the pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers of the control valve 13, the lower end surface 136 of the control valve is always located on the inner step 86 of the piston 8. Chamber a is connected to the lower chamber c of the control valve as mentioned above, and the lower chamber d of the piston is connected to the upper chamber b of the control valve as mentioned above. They are in low pressure and high pressure states respectively. The high-pressure flushing fluid is driven into the lower chamber d of the piston, so that the piston 8 drives the control valve 13 to move upward together. When it moves to the appropriate position, the oblong water inlet on the distribution core tube 3 passes through the upper flow hole 132 of the control valve, the upper ring groove 133 of the control valve, and the lower flow hole 134 of the control valve. And the control valve lower annular groove 135 begins to communicate with the control valve upper chamber b and the control valve lower chamber c at the same time. At this time, the lower step surface of the control valve lower annular groove 135 crosses the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3, cutting off the control valve lower chamber. c is connected to the low-pressure center channel of piston 8. Both the upper chamber b of the control valve and the lower chamber c of the control valve are in a high-pressure state. Since the effective area of the lower chamber c of the control valve is set larger than the effective area of the upper chamber b of the control valve, the control valve 13 is in Under the action of the pressure difference, the piston 8 moves upward until the outer step surface of its control valve 13 is located on the end surface of the upper limit sleeve 12 of the piston 8. At this time, the piston upper chamber a and the piston lower chamber d pass through the control valve 13 The overflow hole connections are all in a high-pressure state. Since the effective area of the piston upper chamber a is greater than the effective area of the piston lower chamber d, the piston 8 decelerates under the action of the pressure difference between the piston upper chamber a and the piston lower chamber d. Until it stops moving upward and drives the control valve 13 to start moving downward together. When the piston 8 drives the control valve 13 to move downward and impact, before the ram 16 hits the drill bit 19, the upper step surface of the lower ring groove 135 of the control valve staggers downward. It is connected with the oblong water inlet hole of the distribution core tube 3. At the same time, the lower step surface of the control valve lower annular groove 135 crosses the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3 downward. The control valve lower cavity c passes through the control valve lower annular groove 135 and the piston 8. The low-pressure center channel is connected, and the upper chamber b of the control valve still continues to communicate with the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3. At this time, the upper chamber a of the piston is in a low-pressure state, and the lower chamber d of the piston still retains a high-pressure state. However, due to the inertia of the piston 8 The movement continues downward until the ram 16 hits the drill bit 19, outputting an impact energy. The high-pressure flushing fluid in the lower chamber d of the piston flows out through the overflow hole 84 on the piston and enters the upper chamber b of the control valve. Since the lower chamber c of the control valve In the low pressure state, the control valve 13 continues to move downward under the pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers until the lower end surface 136 of the control valve is located on the inner step 86 of the piston 8. At this time, the piston 8 begins to move upward again, and so on. The cycle goes back and forth to realize the continuous impact of the impactor.

The working principle and working process of the hydraulic impactor will be explained in detail below with reference to Figures 1, 4 and 5:

Among the components that make up the hydraulic impactor, the control valve 13, piston 8 and ram 16 are movable parts. The piston 8 and ram 16 are combined into one body and move together. The control valve 13, piston 8 and distribution core tube 3 together form a flow distribution mechanism, which, driven by the power flushing fluid medium, can make the piston 8 move back and forth continuously, and impact the drill bit 19 through the hammer 16 to impact and break the rock.

The flow distribution relationship between the control valve 13 and the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3 determines whether the upper chamber b of the control valve is filled with water or the upper chamber b and the lower chamber c of the control valve are filled with water at the same time. Control The positional relationship between the valve 13 and the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3 determines whether the lower cavity c of the control valve is drained. When the lower step surface of the lower ring groove 135 of the control valve is lower than the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3, the lower cavity c of the control valve It is connected with the low-pressure center channel of piston 8 for drainage. Driven by the power flushing fluid medium, when the piston 8 moves, the control valve 13 installed in the inner hole of the piston 8 is driven to move together. Since the flow distribution core tube 3 is fixed, when the control valve 13 moves with the piston 8 , the relative position change of the control valve 13 and the flow distribution core tube 3 realizes the flow distribution switching between water inlet and drainage, and then completes the stroke movement and return movement of the piston 8.

The working process of the hydraulic impactor consists of the stroke and return stroke of the piston 8, and the control valve 13 controls the mutual conversion between the stroke and the return stroke.

Return trip

The specific description is shown in Figure 5, the flow state of the flushing fluid during the return journey, the solid arrow is the high-pressure flushing fluid medium, and the dotted arrow is the low-pressure flushing fluid medium.

Due to the effect of gravity, both the control valve 13 and the piston 8 are in the lower position at this time, which is also the start-up working state of the impactor; at this time, the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3 is connected to the upper chamber b of the control valve, and the upper chamber of the control valve Water enters chamber b, and the lower chamber c of the control valve is drained because the lower step surface of the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve is lower than the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3. The lower chamber c of the control valve is connected with the low-pressure center channel of the piston 8. ; The inflowing high-pressure flushing medium flows through the upper joint 1, the central channel of the distribution core tube 3, the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3, the overflow hole 132 on the control valve, the upper chamber b of the control valve, and the overflow on the piston The hole 84 and the second longitudinal groove 85 enter the lower chamber d of the piston. The upper chamber b of the control valve and the lower chamber d of the piston are in a high pressure state. The flushing fluid in the upper chamber a of the piston flows along the first longitudinal groove 81 and the lower piston flow hole 82. It enters the lower chamber c of the control valve, then flows out along the low-pressure center channel of the piston 8 through the center hole of the punch 16, and the center hole of the drill bit 19 out of the impactor along the lower control valve overflow hole 134 and the lower control valve annular groove 135. The lower chamber c of the control valve and the upper chamber a of the piston are in a low pressure state. In this way, the control valve 13 is always in the lower position under the pressure of its upper chamber and is against the inner step 86 of the piston 8. The lower chamber d of the piston is driven by the high-pressure flushing fluid. Under the action, the control valves 13 are driven to move upward together.

stroke

Figure 4 shows the flow state of the stroke flushing fluid when the hydraulic impactor is working. The solid arrow is the high-pressure flushing fluid medium, and the dotted arrow is the outflowing low-pressure flushing fluid medium.

During the return stroke, the piston 8 drives the control valve 13 to move upward together, and the relative position of the control valve 13 and the distribution core tube 3 continuously changes. When the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve is connected to the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3, The lower step surface of the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve passes upward over the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3. At this time, both the upper and lower chambers of the control valve 13 are filled with high-pressure flushing fluid, because the effective area of the lower chamber c of the control valve is set to be larger than the upper chamber of the control valve. In front of the effective action of b, the control valve 13 moves upward under the action of the pressure difference until the outer step surface of the control valve 13 rests on the lower end surface of the limit sleeve 12. The control valve 13 is in the upper position, and the high-pressure flushing fluid flows from The upper joint 1, the central channel of the distribution core tube 3, the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3, the upper and lower flow holes of the control valve 13, enter the piston upper chamber a through the control valve lower chamber c, and the piston lower chamber d. The high-pressure flushing liquid enters the upper chamber b of the control valve through the overflow hole 84 on the piston, then passes through the upper overflow hole 132 on the control valve, and enters the control valve through the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3. The lower chamber c of the valve then enters the upper chamber a of the piston through the lower flow hole 82 of the piston, forming a differential drive of the piston 8. Because the effective area of the upper chamber a of the piston is larger than the effective front area of the lower chamber d of the piston, the piston 8 drives the control valve 13 to start moving downward together after the change, under the action of the pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers. The liquid below is discharged from the impactor along the central channel of the drill bit 19.

When the piston 8 drives the control valve 13 to move downward and impact, before the ram 16 hits the drill bit 19, the lower step surface of the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve passes downward over the lower end surface of the distribution core tube 3, and at the same time, the lower annular groove 135 of the control valve is in contact with the drill bit 19. The oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3 is disconnected, the upper chamber b of the control valve is still connected to the oblong water inlet of the distribution core tube 3, the lower chamber c of the control valve is in a low pressure state, and the upper chamber a of the piston is in a low pressure state. state, the lower chamber d of the piston still retains the high-pressure state, but due to the inertial motion of the piston 8, it continues to move downward until the hammer 16 hits the drill bit 19, outputting an impact energy, and the high-pressure flushing fluid in the lower chamber d of the piston flows through the piston. The hole 84 flows out into the upper chamber b of the control valve. Since the lower chamber c of the control valve is in a low pressure state, the control valve 13 continues to move downward under the pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers until the lower end surface 136 of the control valve is located on the piston 8 On the step surface of the inner step 86, at this time, the piston 8 begins to move upward again, and this goes around and over again, realizing the continuous impact of the impactor.

The above are only examples of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies fields are equally included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A hydraulic impactor, characterized in that it includes: an upper joint (1), a distribution core tube (3), an outer tube (4), a distribution seat (6), a cylinder liner (7), and a piston (8) , circlip (9), retaining sleeve (10), first semicircular card (11), limit sleeve (12), control valve (13), blockage (14), punch (16), second semicircular card ( 17), spline sleeve (18) and drill bit (19), the upper joint (1) is connected to the upper end of the outer pipe (4) through threads; a cylinder liner (7) is provided inside the outer pipe (4); There is an annular gap between the cylinder liner (7) and the outer tube (4). The upper and lower parts of the cylinder liner (7) are provided with breathing holes connected to the annular gap. The upper end of the cylinder liner (7) is provided with a flow distribution valve. seat (6); the upper end surface of the distribution seat (6) is in contact with the lower end surface of the upper joint (1), and the upper part of the distribution seat (6) is pressed against the upper end surface of the cylinder liner (7) by the upper joint (1) The lower part of the flow distribution seat (6) is a cylindrical structure. The lower part of the flow distribution seat (6) is placed in the inner hole of the piston (8). A breathing hole is provided on the upper part of the flow distribution seat (6). The breathing hole is connected with the cylinder. The breathing holes on the sleeve (7) are connected, and the inner hole of the distribution seat (6) is provided with a distribution core tube (3). There is an annular gap between the inner hole of the distribution seat (6) and the distribution core tube (3). The annular gap is connected with the breathing hole of the flow distribution seat (6); a central channel is provided in the center of the flow distribution core tube (3), and the center channel of the flow distribution core tube (3) is connected with the central channel of the upper joint (1). A blockage (14) is provided at the lower part of the flow distribution core tube (3), and a shunt hole is provided on the blockage (14). An oblong water inlet is provided on the side wall of the distribution core tube (3), and the oblong water inlet is located at the blockage (14). 14) above; the control valve (13) is placed on the outside of the flow distribution core tube (3) and slides with each other. The outside of the control valve (13) matches the inner hole of the piston (8). The control valve (13) It cooperates with the piston (8) to form the control valve upper chamber (b) and the control valve lower chamber (c). The outside of the piston (8) cooperates with the inner hole of the cylinder liner (7). The piston (8) and the cylinder liner (7) ) together form the upper chamber (a) of the piston and the lower chamber (d) of the piston. The lower chamber (c) of the control valve is always connected to the upper chamber (a) of the piston. The upper chamber (b) of the control valve is connected with the lower chamber (d) of the piston. Always connected, the effective area of the flushing fluid in the lower chamber (c) of the control valve is greater than the effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber (b) of the control valve, and the effective area of the flushing fluid in the upper chamber (a) of the piston is greater than that of the lower chamber of the piston (d) The effective area of the flushing liquid, the lower end cone surface (83) of the piston (8) cooperates with the upper end cone surface of the ram (16); the spline sleeve (18) and the lower end thread of the outer tube (4) connection, a drill bit (19) is provided below the spline sleeve (18); the drill bit (19) is connected to the spline sleeve (18) through a spline shaft provided on its upper part, and an annular groove is provided on the spline shaft. A second semicircular clip (17) is provided in the annular groove; the limiting sleeve (12) is fixed to the inner hole of the piston (8) through the first semicircular clip (11); the retaining sleeve (10) is placed in the third On top of the semi-circle card (11) and cover it, the retaining sleeve (10) is fixed by the circlip (9); The control valve (13) has a cylindrical structure, and an upper control valve overflow hole (132) and a control valve lower overflow hole (134) are respectively provided on the control valve body of the control valve (13), corresponding to the upper control valve overflow hole (134). A control valve upper annular groove (133) is provided inside the control valve body at the position of the flow hole (132), and a control valve lower annular groove (135) is provided inside the control valve body corresponding to the position of the control valve lower overflow hole (134); The piston (8) has a cylindrical structure, and the upper piston overflow hole (84) opened on the piston (8) communicates with the lower piston through the second longitudinal groove (85) opened along the axial direction of the outer wall of the piston (8). The cavity (d) is connected, and the lower piston overflow hole (82) opened on the piston (8) is connected to the upper piston cavity (a) through the first longitudinal groove (81) opened along the axial direction of the outer wall of the piston (8). The inner side of the piston (8) is provided with an inner step (86), and the inner side of the piston (8) is provided with a slot for accommodating the circlip (9) and a slot for accommodating the first semicircular card (11). 2. The hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder liner (7) is fixed by the step in the inner hole of the outer tube (4). 3. The hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second longitudinal grooves (85) and the first longitudinal grooves (81) are arranged in a staggered manner and are not connected with each other. 4. The hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a first sealing ring (2), a second sealing ring (5) and a third sealing ring (15). The first sealing ring (2) It is arranged between the upper joint (1) and the distribution core tube (3), the second sealing ring (5) is arranged between the distribution seat (6) and the cylinder liner (7), and the third sealing ring (15) is arranged between the distribution seat (6) and the cylinder liner (7). Between the core tube (3) and the plug (14).