CN110332267A - 一种密度可调的多层周期结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种密度可调的多层周期结构,该周期结构包括中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)、嵌入的块体(2)、外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3);其中,中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)位于中间层,在中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)的两面设有外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3),在外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)中均匀设有整体周期布置的嵌入的块体(2),由此堆叠成多层周期结构。将该多层周期结构固定在刚度较大的框架上施加预拉伸,可以调整该周期结构的密度,从而改变周期结构的物理参数,实现对周期结构带隙的主动控制。可应用于减振隔振领域。与传统的主动、被动隔振相比,这种周期结构具有质量轻、隔振频率宽、可靠性高等优点,同时能够对带隙范围进行主动控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种周期结构,特别是涉及一种密度可调的多层周期结构。
背景技术
周期结构又称声子晶体,声子晶体中禁带形成的机制主要有两种,即布拉格散射机制和局域共振机制。基于这两种机制的声子晶体又分别称为布拉格散射型声子晶体和局域共振型声子晶体。当弹性波在周期结构中传播时,在周期界面上弹性波会发生散射。当弹性波波长可与结构周期尺寸相比拟时,前行波与反向波发生相消干涉,而这种相消干涉在很大程度上可以使形波衰减,从而使某些频率的弹性波无法传播。这种禁带机制被称为布拉格散射型。布拉格散射型禁带的波长与结构尺寸量级相当。与布拉格散射型声子晶体不同,局域共振性声子晶体在基体中引入局域共振单元。局域共振单元可以布置在基体内部,也可以在基体表面;此外,局域共振单元的分布没有严格的周期性限制。当入射波的频率接近局域共振单元的共振频率时,共振单元的强共振模式与基体的本征模态相互作用,通过发生相互排斥来打开禁带。对于局域共振型禁带,其对应的波长可以远大于结构尺寸,因而能突破布拉格散射型声子晶体在低频应用中对结构尺寸的限制。
周期结构的带隙特性可以实现减振降噪。可以从抑制振源强度、隔振、消振三个方面达到减振降噪的目的。通过借鉴声子晶体的周期性改进振动源的设计,可以得到一种具有带隙特性的振源。在隔振方面,可以利用声子晶体结构的隔振器进行主动隔振或被动隔振,以此实现振动的有效抑制甚至隔离。采用局域共振型声子晶体的物理机制,通过在梁板类结构上附加周期性振子结构,吸收振动系统的动能。减振降噪对于高精密机械加工有重要意义,可以为高精密机械加工系统提供无振动加工环境,保证较高的加工精度;也可以为仪器设备提供没有振动的工作环境,从而提高工作时的精度,延长它们的使用寿命。
早先设计的周期结构一经制造后,其工作性能就固定了。若要改变其功能,比如改变工作频率或切换工作状态等,则需要重新设计与制造。因此,为了随时动态地调控周且结构的性能,人们开始研究主动可调周期结构。可调周期结构通过施加外加场(比如电、磁、声、光、热以及机械场等)来改变周期结构的性质,进而动态地调控其性能,比如改变或拓宽工作频段等。可调周期结构因其展现出的美妙应用前景,是目前声子晶体与超材料领域最活跃的研究课题之一,相应的研究成果能为众多工程技术的发展起到引领的作用。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种密度可调的多层周期结构。通过将多层内部局部均匀整体周期布置有硬质块体的薄膜或者板基体层堆叠起来,并夹在中心基体层的两侧,组成一种多层周期结构。通过固定在刚度较大的框架上施加预拉伸,可以调整该周期结构的密度,从而改变周期结构的物理参数,实现对周期结构带隙的主动控制。在带隙频率范围内的振动形式不能通过该周期结构板,因此可应用于减振隔振领域。
技术方案:本发明是一种密度可调的多层周期结构,该周期结构包括中心薄膜或者板基体层、嵌入的块体、外侧薄膜或者板基体层;其中,中心薄膜或者板基体层位于中间层,在中心薄膜或者板基体层的两面设有外侧薄膜或者板基体层,在外侧薄膜或者板基体层中均匀设有整体周期布置的嵌入的块体,由此堆叠成多层周期结构。
所述嵌入的块体是立体的几何形状。
所述立体的立体的几何形状是球体,圆柱体或长方体。
所述嵌入的块体在外侧薄膜或者板基体上局部均匀整体周期性结构布置,局部均匀布置的形状是圆形,长方形,三角形,星形,圆环形,梯形;而组成周期性结构的最小的重复单元称为单胞,各单胞之间的排列形状可以是正方形、三角形或其他多边形。
所述嵌入的块体,其同层的形状、材料、大小和排列布置形式相同;而不同层的嵌入的块体的形状、材料、大小和排列布置方式相同或不相同。
所述中心薄膜或者板基体层、外侧薄膜或者板基体层层与层之间的厚度相同或不同;
所述嵌入的块体,其材料是金属、混凝土、陶瓷或纤维增强复合材料,中心薄膜或者板基体层以及外侧薄膜或者板基体层的材料是橡胶或者环氧树脂。
所述中心薄膜或者板基体层和外侧薄膜或者板基体层之间以及外侧薄膜或者板基体层相互之间采用粘贴的连接方式形成多层周期结构。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优势:
1)该周期结构可以用于减振降噪,利用声子晶体的带隙特性可以阻止特定频率范围内弹性波或声波的传播,达到减振降噪的目的。低频布拉格散射要求声子晶体结构很大、质量很重,而该局域共振禁带由于能打破质量密度定律,因此可突破低频布拉格散射禁带对结构尺寸的约束。
2)传统的弹性波或声波校准元件尺寸大且造价高,与传统的隔音材料相比,该多层周期结构具有频率可设计、针对性强、尺寸小、效果好等优点。同时制作方便,便于标准化生产。
3)传统的周期结构基于被动调控设计,在生产制备完成后就不能改变,不能对外界环境的改变而产生变化,难以灵活适应不同的工作环境。而该多层周期结构可以通过施加预拉伸实现主动调控,改变周期结构的密度,实时、主动地改变周期结构的工作性能,从而使其能灵活地应对工作环境的改变,改变工作状态(工作频率),或切换工作模式。
附图说明
图1为本发明密度可调的多层周期结构整体图;
图2为本发明密度可调的多层周期结构爆炸图;
图3为本发明上下层嵌入的块体均为小球的周期结构的单胞爆炸图;
图4为本发明上下层嵌入的块体均为长方体的周期结构的单胞爆炸图;
图5为本发明嵌入的块体上层为小球而下层为长方体的周期结构的单胞爆炸图;
图6为本发明各单胞之间按照正三角形排列的周期结构的俯视透视图;
图7为本发明施加预拉伸前后单胞结构变化示意图;
图中有:中心薄膜或者板基体层1、嵌入的块体2、外侧薄膜或者板基体层3。
具体实施方式
本发明的形成方法如下:
m行n列的局部均匀的硬质小块体团周期性或者拟周期性排列嵌入在外层薄膜或者板基体上;硬质小块体可以是球体,圆柱,长方体或者多边体,局部均匀布置的形状可以是圆形、长方形、梯形等几何形状,周期结构最小的重复单元称为单胞,各单胞之间的排列方式可以是正方形,三角形或其他多边形。其同层的形状、材料、大小和排列布置形式相同。而不同层的硬质块体的形状、材料、大小和排列布置方式可以相同也可以不相同;薄膜或者板基体的材料可以是橡胶或者环氧树脂,硬质小块体的材料可以是金属、混凝土、陶瓷或纤维增强复合材料。多层的周期结构薄膜或者板基体之间通过粘贴的方式进行连接,由此形成一种密度可调的多层周期结构。
下面结合附图,通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明:
实施例1:
如图1、2、3、7所示,本实施例为一种密度可调的多层周期结构。硬质小块体采用的是小球体,嵌入在上下两外侧的薄膜或者板基体上,局部按照圆形均匀布置,整体布置m行n列这样的圆形区域,各单胞之间采用正方形排列,晶格常数设置为a1。在中间层布置一块不含块体的薄膜或者板作为基体,多层薄膜或者板基体通过粘贴的方式连接在一起,形成密度可调的多层周期结构。
实施例2:
如图1、4所示,本实施例为一种密度可调的多层周期结构。硬质小块体采用的是小长方体,嵌入在上下两外侧的薄膜或者板基体上,局部按照正方形均匀布置,整体布置m行n列这样的正方形区域,各单胞之间采用正方形排列,晶格常数设置为a1。在中间层布置一块不含块体的薄膜或者板作为基体,多层薄膜或者板基体通过粘贴的方式连接在一起,形成密度可调的多层周期结构。
实施例3:
如图1、5所示,本实施例为一种密度可调的多层周期结构。上层硬质小块体采用的是小球体,局部按照圆形布置,整体布置m行n列这样的圆形区域,各单胞之间采用正方形排列,晶格常数设置为a1,嵌入在上侧的薄膜或者板基体上;下层硬质小块体采用的是小长方体,局部按照正方形布置,整体布置m行n列这样的正方形区域,各单胞之间采用正方形排列,晶格常数设置为a2,嵌入在下侧的薄膜或者板基体上。在中间层布置一块不含块体的薄膜或者板作为基体,多层薄膜或者板基体通过粘贴的方式连接在一起,形成密度可调的多层周期结构。
实施例4:
如图1、6所示,本实施例为一种密度可调的多层周期结构。硬质小块体采用的是小球体,嵌入在上下两外侧的薄膜或者板基体上,局部按照圆形均匀布置,整体布置m行n列这样的圆形区域,各单胞之间采用正三角形排列,晶格常数设置为a1。在中间层布置一块不含块体的薄膜或者板作为基体,多层薄膜或者板基体通过粘贴的方式连接在一起,形成密度可调的多层周期结构。
实施例5:
如图7所示,为施加双向预拉伸前后单胞结构的变化示意图,其中F1>F2。预拉伸后,原来嵌有小球体的圆形区域被拉伸成为椭圆形区域。嵌入球体的区域密度发生了变化,对于周期结构而言,其带隙范围也会发生相应的变化。因此可以通过预拉伸而主动调控该多层周期结构的带隙范围。
一旦制造完成,传统的周期结构—般只有一个固定的工作频率区间。该密度可调的多层周期结构可以适应不同的工作需求或灵活应对环境的变化。且与传统的周期结构相比,这种密度可调的多层周期结构具有高可延展性和可重构性的特点,并且易于制造。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,该周期结构包括中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)、嵌入的块体(2)、外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3);其中,中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)位于中间层,在中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)的两面设有外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3),在外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)中均匀设有整体周期布置的嵌入的块体(2),由此堆叠成多层周期结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述嵌入的块体(2)是立体的几何形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述立体的立体的几何形状是球体,圆柱体或长方体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述嵌入的块体(2)在外侧薄膜或者板基体(3)上局部均匀整体周期性结构布置,局部均匀布置的形状是圆形,长方形,三角形,星形,圆环形,梯形;而组成周期性结构的最小的重复单元称为单胞,各单胞之间的排列形状可以是正方形、三角形或其他多边形。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述嵌入的块体(2),其同层的形状、材料、大小和排列布置形式相同;而不同层的嵌入的块体(2)的形状、材料、大小和排列布置方式相同或不相同。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)、外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)层与层之间的厚度相同或不同。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述嵌入的块体(2),其材料是金属、混凝土、陶瓷或纤维增强复合材料,中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)以及外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)的材料是橡胶或者环氧树脂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种密度可调的多层周期结构,其特征在于,所述中心薄膜或者板基体层(1)和外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)之间以及外侧薄膜或者板基体层(3)相互之间采用粘贴的连接方式形成多层周期结构。
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