CN110286148B - Method for in-situ analysis of electric transport mechanism in charge and discharge process of nanowire - Google Patents

Method for in-situ analysis of electric transport mechanism in charge and discharge process of nanowire Download PDF

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CN110286148B
CN110286148B CN201910300792.7A CN201910300792A CN110286148B CN 110286148 B CN110286148 B CN 110286148B CN 201910300792 A CN201910300792 A CN 201910300792A CN 110286148 B CN110286148 B CN 110286148B
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徐林
刘琴
麦立强
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：1)采用紫外光刻和高温热解/热蒸发的方法在基片表面制作微型叉指集流体；2)采用共溶剂蒸发法将纳米线均匀并有序地覆盖在上述微型叉指集流体上作为正极材料；3)将水系电解液滴涂在基片表面，并插入锌电极即完成纳米线薄膜电化学器件的组装，然后对其进行性能测试及表征。本发明的有益效果是：可以解释预添加锰离子作为Zn‑MnO2电池电解液时，电化学性能优异的本质原因，并为纳米线电化学器件材料结构与电化学、电输运性能的相关研究提供了一种诊断平台。The invention relates to a method for in-situ analysis of the electrical transport mechanism in the charging and discharging process of nanowires. finger current collector; 2) using co-solvent evaporation method to cover the nanowires on the above-mentioned micro interdigitated current collector uniformly and orderly as a positive electrode material; 3) coating the aqueous electrolyte droplet on the surface of the substrate, and inserting the zinc electrode The nanowire thin film electrochemical device was assembled, and then its performance was tested and characterized. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: it can explain the essential reason for the excellent electrochemical performance when manganese ions are pre-added as the Zn-MnO 2 battery electrolyte, and it is the correlation between the material structure of the nanowire electrochemical device and the electrochemical and electrical transport performance. Research provides a diagnostic platform.

Description

Method for in-situ analysis of electric transport mechanism in charge and discharge process of nanowire
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials and electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a method for in-situ analysis of an electrotransport mechanism in a nanowire charging and discharging process.
Background
Energy consumption has stimulated an increasing demand for energy storage devices, and among them, zinc ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their advantages such as high elemental abundance, low price, and environmental friendliness. However, the poor cycle performance of zinc ion batteries severely hinders their wide application, and thus, a great deal of research has been put into improving the cycle performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries, but the intrinsic mechanism of capacity fading of aqueous zinc ion batteries is still unclear at present.
One-dimensional nano-materials are considered to be quantum devices due to their special physical and chemical properties and potential advantages of being used as quantum devicesConnecting microscopic and macroscopic ligaments. In previous studies, single nanowire devices were prepared and Li was monitored in situ+Ion Na+An ion transport path for ions. However, this technique can be further improved. Firstly, a large contact resistance exists between a single nanowire and a current collector, and the electrochemical process of the current collector is greatly different from that of a traditional battery; secondly, the preparation process of the single nanowire device is complex, and the single nanowire device has certain selectivity on materials. The nanowire thin film electrochemical device can optimize the limitation of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device, and has deeper exploration on the in-situ analysis of the charge and discharge ion transport mechanism of the nanowire electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for in-situ analysis of the electric transport mechanism in the charge and discharge processes of the nanowire provides a platform for in-situ analysis of the essence of the capacity attenuation of the nanowire.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for in-situ analysis of the electric transport mechanism in the charge and discharge processes of the nanowire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) manufacturing a miniature interdigital current collector on the surface of a substrate by adopting an ultraviolet photoetching and high-temperature pyrolysis/thermal evaporation method;
2) uniformly and orderly covering the nanowires on the micro interdigital current collector by adopting a cosolvent evaporation method to serve as a positive electrode material;
3) and (3) dropwise coating the water system electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, inserting a zinc electrode to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device, and then carrying out performance test and characterization on the nanowire film electrochemical device.
According to the scheme, the nano wire is a vanadium oxide nano wire or a manganese oxide nano wire.
According to the scheme, the manganese oxide nanowire is a manganese dioxide nanowire, a zinc manganese oxide nanowire or a sodium manganese oxide nanowire, and the vanadium oxide nanowire is a vanadium pentoxide nanowire or a vanadium dioxide nanowire.
According to the scheme, the zinc electrode is a superfine zinc rod or an electrogalvanizing sheet.
According to the scheme, the water-based electrolyte is one or a mixture of the following electrolytes: zinc, manganese and sodium salts.
According to the scheme, the water system electrolyte is one of the following electrolytes: na (Na)2SO4、ZnSO4Or ZnSO4With Na2SO4、MnSO4The mixed electrolyte of (1).
According to the scheme, the performance testing and characterizing method comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out charge and discharge tests on the electrochemical device, standing the battery in different charge and discharge states, and then carrying out in-situ electric transport performance tests on the orderly-arranged nanowires on the substrate;
2) carrying out in-situ structure characterization on the nanowires orderly arranged in different charging and discharging states;
3) the essence of the influence of ions on the capacity attenuation of the nanowires can be obtained according to the comparison of the electric transport performance and the structural change of the orderly-arranged nanowires in different charging and discharging states.
According to the scheme, the in-situ structure characterization comprises micro-area Raman spectrum analysis.
A nanowire thin film electrochemical device is obtained by adopting the following preparation method, and comprises the following steps:
1) manufacturing a miniature interdigital current collector on the surface of a substrate by adopting an ultraviolet photoetching and high-temperature pyrolysis/thermal evaporation method;
2) uniformly and orderly covering the nanowires on the micro interdigital current collector by adopting a cosolvent evaporation method to serve as a positive electrode material;
3) and (3) dropwise coating the aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, and inserting a zinc electrode to complete the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: it can be explained that manganese ions are pre-added as Zn-MnO2When the battery is used as electrolyte, the essential reason of excellent electrochemical performance is provided, and a diagnosis platform is provided for the relevant research of the material structure of the nanowire electrochemical device and the electrochemical and electric transport performances; the assembly of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device in the present invention does not require the use of a conductive agent and a binderThe nanowires which are regularly arranged are in good contact with electrolyte, and the counter electrode is a zinc sheet with a large area, so that the measured electrochemical performance can better reflect the intrinsic electrochemical behavior of the nanowires; the electric transport and the structural characterization of the nanowire are carried out in an in-situ state, the intrinsic change of the conductivity and the structure of the nanowire in the charge and discharge process of the battery can be reflected, and the essential reason of the degradation capacity attenuation of the material is revealed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nanowire thin film electrochemical device;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for the fabrication of the micro interdigitated pyrolytic carbon of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thin film of nanowires prepared by co-solution deposition;
FIG. 4 is a scanned view of aligned nanowires;
FIG. 5 is an electrical transport property curve of the nanowire film of example 1 under different charge and discharge states;
fig. 6 is an in-situ raman curve of the nanowire film of example 1 in a first round of a charge-discharge state.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the technical scheme for assembling the nanowire thin film electrochemical device (as shown in figure 1) comprises the following steps of:
1) coating a photoresist SU8-2000.5 on a silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 600 nm on the surface, and preparing a pyrolytic carbon current collector with a thickness of 100nm by using ultraviolet lithography and high-temperature pyrolysis technology (as shown in figure 2);
2) uniformly and orderly dispersing the manganese dioxide nanowire anode prepared by the hydrothermal method on the prepared pyrolytic carbon current collector by a cosolvent evaporation method (as shown in figure 3), and performing high-resolution scanning on the pyrolytic carbon current collector as shown in figure 4;
3) and preparing 2M zinc sulfate and 0.1M manganese sulfate aqueous electrolyte, dripping the zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, and inserting an ultrafine zinc rod to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The technical scheme adopted by the in-situ characterization of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) and (3) performing cyclic voltammetry test and constant-current charge and discharge test on the battery, standing the battery for 5 minutes in different charge and discharge states, and then performing in-situ electric transport performance test on the manganese dioxide nanowire film on the substrate (as shown in figure 5). The electrochemical performance test equipment comprises the following components: the Keithley6220 semiconductor property analyzer provided a constant current source. The test result shows that the conductivity shows an obvious descending trend in the constant current discharging process and shows an obvious descending trend in the constant current charging process, and the reversible de-intercalation process of zinc ions in the nano-wires is disclosed;
2) and performing micro-area in-situ Raman tests on the manganese dioxide nanowire film in different charging and discharging states (as shown in figure 6). Raman test results show that the manganese dioxide is subjected to reversible phase change in the discharging process and is converted into MnOOH and Mn3O4。
Example 2:
the technical scheme for assembling the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) coating photoresist SU8-2000.5 on a silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 600 nm on the surface, and preparing a titanium current collector with a thickness of 100nm by ultraviolet lithography and thermal evaporation;
2) uniformly dispersing a manganese dioxide nanowire anode prepared by a hydrothermal method on the prepared titanium current collector by a cosolvent evaporation method;
3) and (3) preparing zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte with the concentration of 2M, dripping the zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, and inserting an ultrafine zinc rod to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The technical scheme adopted by the in-situ characterization of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) and (3) carrying out cyclic volt-ampere test and constant-current charge and discharge test on the battery, standing the battery for 5 minutes in different charge and discharge states, and then carrying out in-situ electric transport performance test on the manganese dioxide nanowire film on the substrate. The electrochemical performance test equipment comprises the following components: the Keithley6220 semiconductor characteristic analyzer provides a constant current source;
2) and carrying out micro-area in-situ Raman testing on the manganese dioxide nanowire film in different charging and discharging states. Raman test results show that the manganese dioxide is subjected to reversible phase change in the discharging process and is converted into MnOOH and Mn3O4。
Example 3:
the technical scheme for assembling the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) coating photoresist SU8-2000.5 on a silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 600 nm on the surface, and preparing a gold current collector with a thickness of 100nm by ultraviolet lithography and thermal evaporation;
2) uniformly dispersing a manganese dioxide nanowire anode prepared by a hydrothermal method on the prepared gold current collector by a cosolvent evaporation method;
3) and (3) preparing zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte with the concentration of 2M, dripping the zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, and inserting an ultrafine zinc rod to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The technical scheme adopted by the in-situ characterization of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) and (3) carrying out cyclic volt-ampere test and constant-current charge and discharge test on the battery, standing the battery for 5 minutes in different charge and discharge states, and then carrying out in-situ electric transport performance test on the manganese dioxide nanowire film on the substrate. The electrochemical performance test equipment comprises the following components: the Keithley6220 semiconductor characteristic analyzer provides a constant current source;
2) and carrying out micro-area in-situ Raman testing on the manganese dioxide nanowire film in different charging and discharging states. Raman test results show that the manganese dioxide is subjected to reversible phase change in the discharging process and is converted into MnOOH and Mn3O4。
Example 4:
the technical scheme for assembling the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) coating a photoresist SU8-2000.5 on a silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 600 nm on the surface, and preparing a pyrolytic carbon current collector with a thickness of 100nm by using ultraviolet lithography and high-temperature pyrolysis technologies;
2) preparing a zinc-manganese oxide nanowire anode by a hydrothermal method, and uniformly dispersing the zinc-manganese oxide nanowire anode on the prepared pyrolytic carbon current collector by a cosolvent evaporation method;
3) and (3) preparing zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte with the concentration of 2M, dripping the zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte on the surface of the substrate, and inserting an ultrafine zinc rod to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The technical scheme adopted by the in-situ characterization of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) and (3) carrying out cyclic volt-ampere test and constant-current charge and discharge test on the battery, standing the battery for 5 minutes in different charge and discharge states, and then carrying out in-situ electric transport performance test on the manganese dioxide nanowire film on the substrate. The electrochemical performance test equipment comprises the following components: the Keithley6220 semiconductor characteristic analyzer provides a constant current source;
2) and carrying out micro-area in-situ Raman testing on the manganese dioxide nanowire film in different charging and discharging states. Raman test results show that the manganese dioxide is subjected to reversible phase change in the discharging process and is converted into MnOOH and Mn3O4。
Example 5:
the technical scheme for assembling the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) coating a photoresist SU8-2000.5 on a silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 600 nm on the surface, and preparing a pyrolytic carbon current collector with a thickness of 100nm by using ultraviolet lithography and high-temperature pyrolysis technologies;
2) preparing a sodium manganese oxide nanowire anode by a hydrothermal method, and uniformly dispersing the sodium manganese oxide nanowire anode on the prepared pyrolytic carbon current collector by a cosolvent evaporation method;
3) and zinc sulfate with the concentration of 2M and sodium sulfate aqueous electrolyte with the concentration of 0.2M are prepared, the zinc sulfate aqueous electrolyte is dripped on the surface of the substrate, and the superfine zinc rod is inserted to complete the assembly of the nanowire film electrochemical device.
The technical scheme adopted by the in-situ characterization of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
1) and (3) carrying out cyclic volt-ampere test and constant-current charge and discharge test on the battery, standing the battery for 5 minutes in different charge and discharge states, and then carrying out in-situ electric transport performance test on the manganese dioxide nanowire film on the substrate. The electrochemical performance test equipment comprises the following components: the Keithley6220 semiconductor characteristic analyzer provides a constant current source;
2) and carrying out micro-area in-situ Raman testing on the manganese dioxide nanowire film in different charging and discharging states. Raman test results show that the manganese dioxide is subjected to reversible phase change in the discharging process and is converted into MnOOH and Mn3O4。

Claims (6)

1.原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：1. the method for in-situ analysis of the electrical transport mechanism in the nanowire charging and discharging process is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1）采用紫外光刻和高温热解/热蒸发的方法在基片表面制作微型叉指集流体；1) Micro interdigitated current collectors are fabricated on the surface of the substrate by UV lithography and high temperature pyrolysis/thermal evaporation; 2）采用共溶剂蒸发法将纳米线均匀并有序地覆盖在上述微型叉指集流体上作为正极材料；所述的纳米线为钒氧化物纳米线或锰氧化物纳米线；2) Using a co-solvent evaporation method, the nanowires are uniformly and orderly covered on the above-mentioned micro interdigitated current collector as a positive electrode material; the nanowires are vanadium oxide nanowires or manganese oxide nanowires; 3）将Zn-MnO2电池电解液滴涂在基片表面，并插入锌电极即完成纳米线薄膜电化学器件的组装，然后对其进行性能测试及表征。3) The Zn-MnO 2 battery electrolyte droplet is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the zinc electrode is inserted to complete the assembly of the nanowire thin film electrochemical device, and then its performance is tested and characterized. 2.根据权利要求1所述的原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于所述的锰氧化物纳米线为二氧化锰纳米线，锌锰氧化物纳米线或钠锰氧化物纳米线，所述的钒氧化物纳米线为五氧化二钒纳米线或二氧化钒纳米线。2. the method for in-situ analysis of electric transport mechanism in nanowire charging and discharging process according to claim 1, is characterized in that described manganese oxide nanowire is manganese dioxide nanowire, zinc manganese oxide nanowire or Sodium manganese oxide nanowires, the vanadium oxide nanowires are vanadium pentoxide nanowires or vanadium dioxide nanowires. 3.根据权利要求1所述的原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于所述的锌电极为超细锌棒或电镀锌片。3. The method for in-situ analysis of electrical transport mechanism in nanowire charge-discharge process according to claim 1, wherein the zinc electrode is an ultra-fine zinc rod or an electro-galvanized sheet. 4.根据权利要求1所述的原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于所述的性能测试及表征方法包括如下步骤：4. The method for in-situ analysis of electrical transport mechanism in nanowire charge-discharge process according to claim 1, wherein the performance test and characterization method comprise the steps: 1）对电化学器件进行充放电测试，使电池在不同的充放电状态下进行静置，然后对所述的基片上的有序排列的纳米线进行原位电输运性能测试；1) Conduct charge-discharge tests on electrochemical devices, make the batteries stand still under different charge-discharge states, and then conduct in-situ electrical transport performance tests on the ordered nanowires on the substrate; 2）对不同的充放电状态下有序排列的纳米线进行原位结构表征；2) In situ structural characterization of ordered nanowires under different charge and discharge states; 3)根据有序排列的纳米线在不同充放电状态下电输运性能比较以及结构变化，即可得出离子对纳米线容量衰减影响的本质。3) According to the comparison of the electrical transport properties of the ordered nanowires under different charge and discharge states and the structural changes, the essence of the effect of ions on the capacity decay of the nanowires can be obtained. 5.根据权利要求4所述的原位分析纳米线充放电过程中电输运机制的方法，其特征在于所述的原位结构表征包括微区拉曼光谱分析。5 . The method for in-situ analysis of an electrical transport mechanism during charging and discharging of nanowires according to claim 4 , wherein the in-situ structural characterization comprises micro-area Raman spectroscopy analysis. 6 . 6.一种纳米线薄膜电化学器件，其为采用下述制备方法所得，包括有如下步骤：6. A nanowire thin film electrochemical device, which is obtained by adopting the following preparation method, comprising the following steps: 1）采用紫外光刻和高温热解/热蒸发的方法在基片表面制作微型叉指集流体；1) Micro interdigitated current collectors are fabricated on the surface of the substrate by UV lithography and high temperature pyrolysis/thermal evaporation; 2）采用共溶剂蒸发法将纳米线均匀并有序地覆盖在上述微型叉指集流体上作为正极材料；所述的纳米线为钒氧化物纳米线或锰氧化物纳米线；2) Using a co-solvent evaporation method, the nanowires are uniformly and orderly covered on the above-mentioned micro interdigitated current collector as a positive electrode material; the nanowires are vanadium oxide nanowires or manganese oxide nanowires; 3）将Zn-MnO2电池电解液滴涂在基片表面，并插入锌电极即完成纳米线薄膜电化学器件。3) The Zn-MnO 2 battery electrolyte droplet is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the zinc electrode is inserted to complete the nanowire thin film electrochemical device.
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