CN1102645C - Method and apparatus for making solid fuel of refuse - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making solid fuel of refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1102645C
CN1102645C CN99121646A CN99121646A CN1102645C CN 1102645 C CN1102645 C CN 1102645C CN 99121646 A CN99121646 A CN 99121646A CN 99121646 A CN99121646 A CN 99121646A CN 1102645 C CN1102645 C CN 1102645C
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China
Prior art keywords
refuse
rubbish
solid fuel
combustion
drying
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN99121646A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1249332A (en
Inventor
山口安幸
相原恒雄
角诚之
吉田铁男
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JFE Steel Corp
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Kawasaki Steel Corp
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Publication of CN1249332A publication Critical patent/CN1249332A/en
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Publication of CN1102645C publication Critical patent/CN1102645C/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing a refuse-derived solid fuel whereby the consumption of fuel for producing the refuse-derived solid fuel can be decreased and the formation of dioxins can be inhibited. In this method which comprises dry distilling and carbonizing refuse moldings prepd, by crushing, then drying, and molding refuse or prepd. by crushing, then molding, and drying refuse, a distillation gas generated at the dry distillation and carbonization step is burned at 1,000 DEG C or higher and the resultant combustion gas and/or stem produced by the heat exchange with the combustion gas is used for drying refuse.

Description

The manufacture method of solid fuel of refuse and producing apparatus
The invention relates to the manufacture method and the producing apparatus of solid fuel of refuse, particularly, can suppress manufacture method and producing apparatus that dioxin generates simultaneously about reducing fuel required when making solid fuel of refuse.
In recent years, the problem that is treated as whole society's concern of rubbish.Location problem during from the incineration treatment of garbage Facilities Construction progressively develops into the screening combustiblerefuse, with its fragmentation, drying, shaping, utilizes the development and the exploitation of the environment-friendly garbage solid fuel technology that rubbish acts as a fuel.Solid fuel of refuse (RDF:Refuse Derived Fuel or WDF:Waste Derived Fuel) be combustiblematerials that classifying screen in municipal wastes, domestic refuse, trade waste and the general waste is selected broken or pulverize, dry, be shaped, further dry in case of necessity and the solid fuel made generally has the thermal value of 4200-4500kcal/kg.Solid fuel of refuse can be by burning in push-type incinerator or fluidized bed incinerator, carries out recovery of heat and be utilized effectively with waste heat boiler.
In the past the schema of solid fuel of refuse equipment shown in Fig. 3.
Municipal wastes, domestic refuse, trade waste and general waste etc. are sent in the solid fuel of refuse equipment.In general, these rubbish will carry out fragmentation, and warm air drying then reaches below 10% (weight) up to the moisture of 50-60% (weight).The exsiccant thermal source uses kerosene or heavy oil usually, and the unit consumption of fuel is about about 70 liters of each ton rubbish.Through the rubbish of warm air drying, in the category filter operation, remove metal species, glass and ceramic-like, in forming process, form then, for example make the solid fuel of refuse that profile is the wax crayon shape (RDF, WDF).
As mentioned above, in solid fuel of refuse equipment in the past, the consumption of needed kerosene of drying garbage or heavy oil reaches about 70 liters of each ton rubbish, needs to consume a large amount of energy.On the other hand, solid fuel of refuse has the thermal value (lower calorific value) of about 4200kcal/kg.Therefore, the someone considers in the solid fuel of refuse producing apparatus solid fuel of refuse of a burning part as goods, with resulting hot blast with drying garbage.But, in push-type roasting kiln and fluidized bed type roasting kiln, during the combustion refuse solid fuel, generate dioxin in the combustion processes, spread in the atmosphere in order to prevent these Dioxins, need huge exhaust smoke processing device, very uneconomical.
The objective of the invention is, solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, that is, the fuel consumption in the time of can reducing solid fuel of refuse and make is provided and suppresses the manufacture method and the producing apparatus of the solid fuel of refuse that dioxin generates.
The present invention is the manufacture method of solid fuel of refuse, it is characterized in that, with refuse breaking, dry after being shaped after dry or being shaped, make the shaping thing of rubbish, with this rubbish shaping thing destructive distillation, charing and make solid fuel of refuse, in the method, the carbonizing gas that generates in above-mentioned destructive distillation, the charing operation is burnt under the temperature of combustion more than 1000 ℃, utilize resulting combustion gases and/or the steam that produced with this combustion gases heat exchange or hot blast carry out drying to the rubbish or the broken rubbish shaping thing of fragmentation.In this specification and claims, described " rubbish shaping thing " be meant refuse breaking, the resulting product of dry postforming, or with refuse breaking, the resulting product of shaping after drying.
In addition, preferably, add coal and be shaped then in the dry thing of the rubbish of fragmentation or broken rubbish, the coal of interpolation is the coal through pulverizing preferably.
In addition, the present invention is the producing apparatus of solid fuel of refuse, this equipment is made of with boiler or heat exchanger the recovery of heat of the combustion gases that produce in the combustion unit of the carbonizing gas that generates in crusher, drying machine, forming mill, dry distillation carbonizing furnace, the dry distillation carbonizing furnace and this combustion unit, it is characterized in that the heat exchange mechanism that is equipped with the steam that in boiler, produces in this drying machine or carries out heat exchange by the shaping thing of the resulting hot blast of this heat exchanger and broken rubbish or broken rubbish.
Fig. 1 is the schema (A portion) and the partial longitudinal section of an example of expression solid fuel of refuse producing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schema (A portion) and the partial longitudinal section of an example of expression solid fuel of refuse producing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schema of representing solid fuel of refuse equipment in the past.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the material budget of expression when utilizing the resulting steam of carbonizing gas high-temp combustion to carry out drying garbage.
The present invention is described in more detail below.
In order to solve above-mentioned prior art problems, the inventor has carried out deep research, the opinion of the result draws following (1)-(3), thus finished the present invention.
(1) make solid fuel of refuse by destructive distillation, the charing of rubbish shaping thing:
During with the shaping thing destructive distillation of rubbish, producing with carbon is the carbide and the carbonizing gas of main component.The thermal value of carbide (net calorific value) is about 4000kcal/kg, can be used as various fuel fully.
In addition, the every 1Nm of carbonizing gas 3Gas generating amount has the thermal value (net calorific value) of about 3400kcal, therefore can be used as thermal source and other fuel of drying garbage.
(2) high-temp combustion of the carbonizing gas that generates when the destructive distillation by rubbish shaping thing, charing suppresses the generation of dioxin:
The carbonizing gas that produces when making destructive distillation, the charing of rubbish shaping thing burns under the temperature of combustion more than 1000 ℃, and dioxin is decomposed fully.
(3) utilize the resulting combustion heat of high-temp combustion of carbonizing gas to carry out the drying of rubbish:
(3-1) utilize steam to carry out drying garbage:
Utilize waste heat boiler that the resulting combustion heat of the high-temp combustion of above-mentioned carbonizing gas is carried out recovery of heat as steam, utilize resulting steam drying garbage.That is, carbonizing gas is burnt under the temperature of combustion more than 1000 ℃, utilize waste heat boiler for example as 5-7kg/cm 2Low-pressure steam carry out recovery of heat, with resulting steam with drying garbage.
Adopt the present invention, above-mentioned carbonizing gas is burnt under the high temperature more than 1000 ℃, the dioxin in the combustion unit is decomposed.Meanwhile, will be used for the drying of rubbish, and can also suppress to produce dioxin in the drying installation system by the steam that the indirect recovery of heat of boiler obtains.
Material budget situation when utilizing the resulting steam of high-temp combustion of carbonizing gas to carry out drying garbage shown in Fig. 4.
The vapor volume that reclaims is that every 1kg rubbish shaping thing is 1.7kg.In addition, with the corresponding quantity of refuse of 1kg rubbish shaping thing be the occasion of 2kg, the vapor volume that needs is 1.2kg, also remains the 0.5kg steam.These remaining steams can be used for the hot water supply and cold, the steam heating of equipment.
In addition, synthetic again in order to prevent dioxin in the present invention, from the combustion gases more than 1000 ℃, carry out recovery of heat, up to reaching 800 ℃, the combustion gases after the recovery of heat are cooling fast preferably.
(3-2) utilize hot blast to carry out drying garbage:
Reclaim the resulting combustion heat of high-temp combustion of above-mentioned carbonizing gas with heat exchanger, utilize this to reclaim hot resulting hot blast and carry out drying garbage.Hot blast is N preferably 2Deng rare gas element.
In this occasion, synthetic again in order to prevent dioxin, from the combustion gases more than 1000 ℃, carry out recovery of heat, until reaching 800 ℃, the combustion gases after the recovery of heat are cooling fast preferably.
(3-3) indirect heat exchange by combustion gases and rubbish makes drying garbage:
Make the combustion gases that high-temp combustion produced and the rubbish indirect heat exchange of above-mentioned carbonizing gas by heat exchanger, with drying garbage.At this moment, rubbish preferably remains on N 2In inert gas atmosphere.
In addition, synthetic again in this occasion in order to prevent dioxin, from the combustion gases more than 1000 ℃, carry out recovery of heat, until reaching 800 ℃, the combustion gases after the recovery of heat are cooling fast preferably.
An example of the producing apparatus of solid fuel of refuse of the present invention shown in Fig. 1.
In addition, in Fig. 1, the producing apparatus of rubbish shaping thing (A portion) shows that with process flow chart dry distillation charring, the heat recovery equipment of rubbish shaping thing are represented with partial longitudinal section.
In Fig. 1,1,6 expression crushers, 2 expression drying machines, 3 expression forming mills, the broken bag of 4 expression rubbish, the foreign matter separator, 5A, 5B represents magnetic separator, the adding set of the coal that 7 expressions are pulverized, 10 expression dry distillation carbonizing furnaces, the combustion unit of 11 expression carbonizing gas, 12 expression boilers, 12a, 12b represents water pipe group, 13A, 13B represents heat exchange mechanism, the hopper of 14 expression rubbish shaping things, the weigh feeder of rubbish shaping things such as 15 expression screw feeders, the hopper of 16 expression solid fuel of refuse, 17 expression burners (afterburner), 18 expression combustion air gas blowers, 19 expression combustion air supplying tubing, 19a represents combustion air supply collector, and 20 expressions are to the pipe arrangement of drying machine 2 supply steams, and 21 represent the combustion gases quenching apparatus, 22 expression composite boilers, 23 expression pure oxygens, the oxygen-rich air supplying tubing, 24 expression chimneys, 25 expression solid fuel of refuse transport trolleys, 30 expressions are to the pipe arrangement of drying machine 2 supply combustion gases, and CV represents flow control valve.Arrow f 1Expression rubbish carriage direction, arrow f 2The carriage direction of expression rubbish shaping thing, arrow f 3The discharge direction of expression solid fuel of refuse.In addition, also can use heat exchanger to replace boiler, what obtain in this occasion is not steam but hot blast makes drying garbage with hot blast.
Dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10 is preferentially selected outer hot rotary kiln type process furnace for use, and its form has no particular limits.
In addition, as the steam that produces in the boiler 12 and the heat exchange mechanism 13A of the rubbish in the drying garbage device 2, consider that from the angle that prevents the rubbish oxidation indirect heat exchanger of steam and rubbish preferably is set, and its means have no particular limits.
In solid fuel of refuse producing apparatus shown in Figure 1, at first with broken bag, foreign matter separator 4 and magnetic separator 5A after general rubbish such as municipal wastes, household garbage, trade waste, general waste and fragmentations such as tame electrical article and trolley part, obtain grind up the refuse remove metal species, glass and ceramic-like.
Then will be based on the refuse breaking or the pulverizing of resulting combustiblematerials with crusher 1, the steam that produces with boiler 12 carries out drying as thermal source.Dried rubbish carries out fragmentation or pulverizing once more, removes metal species with magnetic separator 5B as required then, is shaped with forming mill 3, obtains rubbish shaping thing.
The shaping thing of rubbish is fed in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10 via rubbish shaping thing storage hopper 14 and rubbish shaping thing weigh feeder 15.In dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10, the shaping thing of rubbish is meanwhile produced carbonizing gas by destructive distillation, charing.The carbonizing gas perfect combustion in carbonizing gas combustion unit 11 that produces.In addition, consider security, winding-up pyritous combustion gases from burning gas 17.
The high-temperature combustion gas more than 1000 ℃ that produces in combustion unit 11, the form with steam in boiler 12 is carried out recovery of heat.Utilize combustion gases quenching apparatus 21 to make this steam quick cooling, be discharged into the atmosphere from chimney 24 then.
In addition, the burning gas temperature of boiler 12 outlets is set at more than 800 ℃, the residence time of the combustion gases of temperature in combustion unit 11 and boiler 12 was set at more than 2 seconds more than 800 ℃, with the combustion gases quick cooling, can guarantee to prevent to generate dioxin with combustion gases quenching apparatus 21.
The solid fuel of refuse that dry distillation charring is made in dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10 is stored in the solid fuel of refuse storage hopper 16 by discharging in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10.
On the other hand, the steam that produces in the boiler 12 supplies in the rubbish shaping thing producing apparatus (A portion) by steam supplying tubing 20, is used as the thermal source that drying garbage is used by means of heat exchange mechanism 13A.
Rubbish shaping thing producing apparatus (A portion) is not operate continuously but the occasion of batch operation can not get steam when beginning to operate.In this case, in order when beginning to operate, to carry out the drying of rubbish, use steam from composite boiler 22.Composite boiler 22 is kerosene burning or heavy oil combustion equipment, can produce steam in a short period of time.The steam that produces with composite boiler 22 begins the drying of rubbish, produces carbonizing gas in dry distillation carbonizing furnace 10, in confirming boiler 11, produce stable steam after, composite boiler 22 out of service.
In addition, in the present invention, also can by combustion gases supplying tubing 30 combustion gases that the carbonizing gas high-temp combustion produces be supplied in the drying machine 2, utilize heat exchanger 13B and rubbish to carry out heat exchange, make drying garbage by shown in Fig. 1.
An example of the producing apparatus of solid fuel of refuse of the present invention shown in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 2,5C and 5D represent magnetic separator, and other is identical with Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 2, also can be shaped with forming mill 3 in the present invention, use drying machine 2 dryings then,, make solid fuel of refuse the destructive distillation of resulting rubbish shaping thing, charing with crusher 1 with refuse breaking or pulverizing.
In addition, in the present invention, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the coal of preferably add coal, preferably pulverizing is as the part of raw materials of solid fuel of refuse.
This is because the interpolation coal can improve the thermal value of the carbide of resulting solid fuel of refuse as the part of raw materials of solid fuel of refuse.In addition, when having added the destructive distillation in dry distillation carbonizing furnace of shaping thing, the charing of the rubbish of coal, because the fugitive constituent in the coal that adds, increased the thermal value of carbonizing gas, in the combustion unit 11 of carbonizing gas, can realize more pyritous burning, as a result, can more effectively suppress dioxin generates.
Coal can add in rubbish is shaped the forming mill of thing producing apparatus, also can add in the operation before forming mill.
If the crusher in the rubbish shaping thing producing apparatus can be broken into coal dust the granularity of regulation, also can add not coal through pulverizing.
In addition, in the present invention, preferably in the combustion unit 11 of Fig. 1, carbonizing gas shown in Figure 2, pure oxygen or oxygen-rich air supplying tubing 23 are set.This pipe arrangement is the oxygen-rich air that is used for surpassing at burning air the mixings pure oxygen of usefulness and/or oxygen concn 21% (volume), realizes that in the combustion unit 11 of carbonizing gas more pyritous burns, thereby more effectively suppresses the generation of dioxin.
Application on the industry
Adopt the present invention, can provide when reducing significantly solid fuel of refuse and making fuel consumption also And manufacture method and the manufacturing equipment that can suppress the solid fuel of refuse of dioxin generation.
In addition, adopt the present invention can obtain having (the low level heating of the above caloric value of 4000kcal/kg Amount) solid fuel of refuse is used as industrial fuel or generally uses fuel.

Claims (4)

1. the manufacture method of solid fuel of refuse, it is characterized in that, with dry after refuse breaking, dry shaping afterwards or the shaping, make the shaping thing of rubbish, solid fuel of refuse is made in this rubbish shaping thing destructive distillation, in the method, the carbonizing gas that produces in the above-mentioned destructive distillation operation is burnt under the temperature of combustion more than 1000 ℃, utilize resulting combustion gases and/or the steam that produced with this combustion gases heat exchange or hot blast carry out drying to the rubbish or the broken rubbish shaping thing of fragmentation.
2. the manufacture method of the described solid fuel of refuse of claim 1 is characterized in that, adds coal in the dry thing of the rubbish of fragmentation or broken rubbish, is shaped then.
3. the manufacture method of the described solid fuel of refuse of claim 2 is characterized in that, the coal of interpolation is the coal through pulverizing.
4. the producing apparatus of solid fuel of refuse, this equipment is made of with boiler or heat exchanger the recovery of heat of the combustion gases that produce in the combustion unit of the carbonizing gas that generates in crusher, drying machine, forming mill, gas retort, the gas retort and this combustion unit, it is characterized in that the heat exchange mechanism that is equipped with the steam that in boiler, produces and broken rubbish or broken rubbish shaping thing to carry out heat exchange in this drying machine.
CN99121646A 1998-09-30 1999-09-30 Method and apparatus for making solid fuel of refuse Expired - Fee Related CN1102645C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP278107/1998 1998-09-30
JP10278107A JP2000104082A (en) 1998-09-30 1998-09-30 Method and apparatus for producing refuse derived solid fuel

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CN1249332A CN1249332A (en) 2000-04-05
CN1102645C true CN1102645C (en) 2003-03-05

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KR100445534B1 (en) * 2001-04-16 2004-08-21 (주)알.케이.테크 Method for making a refuse into a refuse derived fuel of a powder type
JP4702868B2 (en) * 2001-05-08 2011-06-15 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 Organic waste processing method and processing equipment
KR20010110384A (en) * 2001-11-17 2001-12-13 남학진 The Method of Recycling Wastes for Carbonizing Fuel
JP2003205281A (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-22 Memorial Network Kk Continuous detoxifying treatment of waste containing organic chlorine compound, recycling method thereof and apparatus therefor
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KR100845131B1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-07-10 정암환경(주) Waste materials treating process and apparatus for batch type drying and vertical type carbonizing
CN101367086B (en) * 2007-07-25 2011-02-09 练其辉 Processing method capable of quite recycling solid garbage
KR100812121B1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2008-03-11 주식회사 비젼. 인. 텍 Drying system for sludge using waste heat recovery
KR100853557B1 (en) * 2008-04-17 2008-08-22 주식회사 유비엔큐브 Continuous process for carbonization of condensed-organic-wastes using heat source of petroleum gas and oil made from polymer-wastes, and the equipments for the same
CN101362978B (en) * 2008-09-23 2011-12-07 深圳恒信华天环保科技有限公司 Garbage treatment method
CN101381646B (en) * 2008-10-16 2012-09-12 练其辉 Handling arrangement for recovering and utilizing organic solid rubbish
KR101117014B1 (en) 2009-09-09 2012-06-14 민병욱 Waste resources recycling. method and equipment by bio mass processing of corruptible waste
JP5621235B2 (en) * 2009-09-28 2014-11-12 株式会社Ihi Waste pyrolysis treatment equipment
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CN103911168B (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-09-02 江苏河海科技工程集团有限公司 The technique of integration fast charring process municipal wastes
CN104031713A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-10 沙嫣 Manufacturing method of pollution-free coal with high combustion value by household garbage
JP5901809B2 (en) * 2015-02-04 2016-04-13 株式会社御池鐵工所 Solid fuel production method and production plant
KR101785558B1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-10-17 주식회사 한기실업 Manufacturing method for solid fuel of organic sludge by using dry pyrolysis gas formed from thermal decomposition of waste
WO2019085528A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-09 董平年 Cracking and reduction conversion method for household organic wastes
KR102447973B1 (en) * 2020-09-15 2022-09-28 홍광이 Pollution free incinerator using combustible waste
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KR20000023542A (en) 2000-04-25
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