CN110259536A

CN110259536A - A kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN110259536A
Application number: CN201910438144.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翁志远
Original assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Best Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Best Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-24
Filing date: 2019-05-24
Publication date: 2019-09-20

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment, belong to the technical field of low temperature thermo-mechanical power generation, more particularly to the system for low-grade heat source carrying out high efficiency power generation, it is mainly used in the fields such as ultralow temperature cogeneration, hot water power generation, cooling-water machine；ORC Rankine cycle 15 DEG C of working medium of boiling point are, it can be achieved that 80 DEG C or more hot water power generations；This system uses (- 196 DEG C) liquid air or liquid nitrogen of lower boiling, and working medium critical-temperature is down to -147 DEG C, it can be achieved that 15 DEG C or more hot water power generations；The embodiment of the present invention is a kind of electricity generation system that cryogenic fluid is in a supercritical state, and also the overcritical gas-turbine of solution cryogenic fluid or expanding machine shaft end leak problem；The embodiment of the present invention is set to form the efficient low-grade energy power generation of complete set；Advantage low with heat source temperature, at low cost, compact-sized, small in size, high-efficient.

Description

A kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technologies such as high temperature waste heat, low temperature exhaust heat, ultralow temperature cogeneration, hot water power generation, cooling-water machine necks Domain more particularly to a kind of low-temperature electricity-generating technology using cryogenic fluid (CO2 or liquid nitrogen)；By cryogenic fluids such as liquid air, liquid nitrogen, The concurrent electricity output of thermal energy for absorbing low-grade heat source is a kind of efficient low temperature heat engine electricity generation system or dynamical system and is set It is standby.

Background technique

Traditional afterheat generating system is largely to make generating working medium using water, and water is pressed and delivered in boiler by water pump, Gasification forms high steam after absorbing high-temperature residual heat energy, then input and driving steam turbine high speed rotation output mechanical energy or band Dynamic generator rotation output electric energy.The low-temperature steam exhaust of steam turbine discharge, generallys use the cold water or cold sky in cooling tower and environment Gas heat exchange, latent heat energy in steam exhaust is discharged, and after steam condensation is reduced into water, then is conveyed to boiler by water pump and is reheated At steam, driving steam turbine simultaneously drives generator to export electric energy, and the steam exhaust of steam turbine discharge passes through cooling tower systems again, by steam exhaust In latent heat the energy cold water or cold air that can be discharged into environment in, after steam exhaust is condensed into water, then pot is pressurized to by water pump It is heated in furnace, so continuous circulation, continuous power generation output.

Make generation technology and the cogeneration of generating working medium with water, can centering high-grade residual heat resources carry out absorb thermal energy and Power generation；Since useless residual heat resources are heat sources extra and free in industrial processes, while country is to the waste heat of this environmental protection Power generation project is helped, so in the industry using more.

The disadvantage is that residual heat generating efficiency is low, and low temperature exhaust heat efficiency usual 10% or so, waste heat money higher for temperature Source, also with regard to 20% or so, nearly 80-90% thermal energy is discharged into surrounding air or cold water generating efficiency by cooling tower, is caused Huge thermal resource waste, and thermal pollution is formed to environment.

In the market except generating working medium is made using water, there are also a kind of Organic Rankine Cycle of low temperature, which uses boiling point temperature The organic working medium of about 15 DEG C of degree, it can be achieved that hot water to 80 DEG C or more and steam carry out cogeneration, the Organic Rankine Cycle with It is substantially the same with the principle that water makees generating working medium.Steam turbine is substituted using screw expander, while because Organic Rankine Cycle generates electricity With the low boiling working fluid of about 15 DEG C of boiling points, so can generate electricity to 80 DEG C (or even 60 DEG C) the above hot water and hot steam.

The advantage of the low temperature Organic Rankine Cycle is to generate electricity to 80 DEG C or more of low grade residual heat.Disadvantage is also to need Steam exhaust latent heat treatment in cold air or cold water into environment, is not only caused to environment by thermal pollution using cooling tower, It is substantially reduced while also result in generating efficiency, generally the only effective thermal efficiency of 8-12%, peak efficiency also just about 20%, nearly 80~ 90% thermal energy is by waste in vain.The low-temperature cogeneration technology simultaneously, it is expensive organic using (about 100,000 yuan per ton) Working medium.

0 degree Celsius of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is lower than for standard atmospheric pressure boiling temperature, it is internal and international all also in grinding Study carefully the stage, for the technical staff for doing power generation, the storage of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is a difficult point, the extremely hair of cryogenic liquid Electrician's matter, boiling temperature are far below environment, and the cryogenic liquid placement inside equipment will gasify in the environment, form high pressure gas It is not just available and generates electricity afterwards；It is after gas-turbine does work there are one maximum difficult point, the reduction of low-temperature steam exhaust also becomes maximum Pain spot.

Under normal conditions, steam exhaust all uses cooling tower by steam exhaust latent heat treatment to surrounding air or cold water after steam turbine acting In；But the steam exhaust of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, temperature will be lower than environment temperature from far away, being under normal circumstances can not will extremely low temperature Latent heat, in the air or cold water that can be discharged into environment, therefore also just cannot achieve condensation and recycled again.If using Steam exhaust latent heat is pumped to environment temperature and is discharged into cold air or cold water, the generation paid with heat pump by compressor compresses steam exhaust Valence is again too high.It is so high that the electric energy of power generation output is likely to huge electric energy, cost consumed by inadequate compressor and heat pump. Therefore, this cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or power-equipment there is no that people goes to study.Much it is engaged in power generation Technical staff, learns and what is seen is all to do generating working medium with water, and with cryogenic liquid working, overwhelming majority personnel do not go to think, There are also people it is thought that impossible, some personnel also just no longer goes it is thought that " perpetua mobilia " In-depth study.

In newest generation technology, a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation, Brayton cycle are also had (Brayton Cycle) is also known as Joule cycle or Gas Refrigerator circulation.It is the refrigeration cycle using gas as working medium, it is worked Journey includes isentropic Compression, isobaric cooling, constant entropy expansion and isobaric heat absorption Four processes, this four with vapour compression refrigerator The course of work is close, and the difference of the two is that working medium does not occur to collect state in Brayton cycle.Brayton cycle is the equal of handle The gaseous state exhaust steam straight of gas-turbine output taps into capable compression, and equipressure is cooling, then reheats and continues to do work.

In addition in addition, steam turbine cylinder is stationary, the revolving speed of turbine rotor (or expansion machine rotor) is very fast, high It needs to carry out stringent sealing between the shaft and stationary cylinder body of speed rotation, otherwise the ultra high pressure gas of steam turbine input Body will leak along rotating shaft of steam turbine, and leak pressure is very big.Steam turbine needs gland seal system, and tradition has toothed belt vapour seal, cloth Lay steps on packing, honeycomb steam seal, brush steam seal, soft tooth packing, elastic toothed belt vapour seal；Although high pressure admission end is equipped with axle envelope, but still It is not avoided that steam is leaked outside by axle envelope so.Existing large-size steam turbine leakage rate is per hour up to 10 tons or more.

Self-sealing system, in stopping process, high-voltage end axle envelope does not have steam for steam turbine starting, then needs reference by desuperheat The initial steam of decompression, while being sent into high-voltage end and low-pressure end axle envelope, system reach after 80% or so load in conjunction with self-sealing Etc. systems, entire gland seal system be also considerably complicated.After remaining a small amount of gas leakage is using a few road axle envelope pieces, discharged by signal pipe To atmosphere, in operation can by observation signal pipe emit vapour situation monitor axle envelope work quality.Especially low temperature is organic The leakage cost of generating working medium, (per ton cost is up to 100,000 yuan) therefore axle envelope is also fairly expensive.

The embodiment of the present invention not only may be implemented using the generating working medium of the lower temperatures such as liquid air, the liquid nitrogen of lower boiling The cogeneration of lower temperature；Liquid air, liquid nitrogen simultaneously, per ton cost is only several hundred yuans, and opposite organic working medium is at low cost Very much.

Normal atmosphere pressure, boiling temperature are lower than O DEG C of cryogenic liquid generating working medium, and the technical staff for doing power generation comes It says, extremely the liquid nitrogen of low temperature or liquid air working medium, boiling point will be far below environment temperature, and degassifying forms gas and not be available outside, It is after low-temperature electricity-generating working medium driving gas-turbine does work there are one maximum pain spot, how the extremely steam exhaust of low temperature is reduced into liquid It is maximum difficult point.To solve these technical problems, applicant passes through nearly more than 20 years continuous research and probes, has eventually found one Kind is efficient, does not consume energy, inexpensive, cryogenic fluid condensation technology and method, while also having found a kind of solution institute State the newest sealing technique of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid or expanding machine both ends of the shaft shaft sealing leakage.(remarks: steam turbine is usual Refer to water vapour working medium, due to being gas after cryogenic fluid gasification, does not contain the gas of water vapour usually, therefore spy will " steam turbine " is changed to " gas-turbine ")

Summary of the invention

The storage problem of cryogenic fluid, for the R&D personnel of long campaigns power generation, what is contacted daily is all The water that boiling point is 100 DEG C, the boiling temperature of cryogenic liquid working is very low, and placement can gasify in the environment；But for doing space division For related technical personnel, low temperature liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, the liquid argon even storage of liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, using the technologies energy such as vacuum insulation Enough very good solutions；Moreover, long to prevent vacuum insulation to be destroyed or shelve the time, cause external heat to enter low temperature Working medium memory generally all can install pressure protective device on the cryogenic fluid memory.When extremely low geothermal liquid heat absorption gas After change, pressure is discharged by pressure protective device, meanwhile, cryogenic liquid gasification absorbs a large amount of latent heats of vaporization, also can after release Cryogenic liquid temperature is reduced rapidly, these technologies are not technical problems for the technical staff for doing low temperature and doing space division, these It is also the very mature prior art of related fields, just no longer excessively repeats herein.

But the research and development and the manufacturing of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid, there are no companies and producer in the market It does, still belongs to blank market, be also not belonging to the prior art, do not solve the condensation problem of extremely low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, it is described The overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid (or expanding machine) does not just know how to design yet, before the yet not no market demand of this respect； Therefore, the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine also go to research and develop with regard to nobody.

The overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or the high pressure gas temperature of expanding machine main steam pipe input, it is necessary to obvious high In the critical-temperature of cryogenic fluid；The steam exhaust temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe discharge of cryogenic fluid, reaches the low temperature The critical-temperature of working medium；The high pressure gas pressure of the main steam line input of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine Power, it is necessary to be apparently higher than the critical pressure of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；The exhaust of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine The steam exhaust pressure of pipeline output, reaches the critical pressure of the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；

Only meet conditions above, the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine and cryogenic fluid are overcritical Electricity generation system or dynamical system and equipment, could normally be operated；Therefore, cryogenic fluid supercritical generating is not being determined In the case where system or dynamical system, the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid or expanding machine, and can not study and manufacture 's.

The embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:

In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and sets It is standby, including cryogenic fluid memory, cryogenic fluid supercharger, main heat exchanger, the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid being sequentially communicated It constitutes；The overcritical gas-turbine discharge duct outlets of cryogenic fluid, return to and connect the cryogenic fluid memory entrance, shape At circulation；

The cryogenic fluid memory possesses pressure limiting and safe valve protection equipment, and the low temperature work with good thermo-insulation properties The pressure vessel of matter storage；The working medium stored is normal atmosphere pressure, and boiling temperature is lower than the low-temperature electricity-generating work of zero degrees celsius Matter；The cryogenic fluid being stored in the cryogenic fluid memory, pressure reach or approach the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium critical pressure Power, therefore the cryogenic fluid memory must be the cryogenic fluid storage container that can bear pressure, it is necessary to pressure limiting valve is set And safe valve protection, while must also have good heat-insulating property；

The cryogenic fluid supercharger is the driving equipment of lifting fluid pressure；The cryogenic fluid supercharger is arranged in institute It states between cryogenic fluid memory and the main heat exchanger；

The main heat exchanger is arranged between the cryogenic fluid supercharger and the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid；Institute Stating main heat exchanger is the capital equipment to exchange heat with heat source；

Preferably, the main heat exchanger is divided into low temperature main heat exchanger and/or high temperature main heat exchanger again；The low temperature main heat exchange Device include but are not limited to hot water heat exchanger, condenser, cooler, air duct heat exchanger, air heat exchanger, unit cooler, Any one or more combination of heat exchanger, industrial waste gas and waste liquid heat exchanger；The high temperature main heat exchanger includes but not It is only limitted to any one or more combination of boiler, waste heat boiler, high temperature heat-exchange device；

The entrance of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid connects the main heat exchanger outlet, and the cryogenic fluid is overcritical Gas-turbine discharge duct outlets；Connect cryogenic fluid memory entrance；

The high pressure gas temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine main steam line input of cryogenic fluid, it is necessary to be apparently higher than described The critical-temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；The steam exhaust temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid, reaches institute State the critical-temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；

The gas pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine main steam line input of cryogenic fluid, it is necessary to be apparently higher than the low temperature The critical pressure of generating working medium；The steam exhaust pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid, reaches or approaches The critical pressure of the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；

The low-temperature electricity-generating working medium for reaching the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium critical pressure is stored in the cryogenic fluid memory In, pass through the cryogenic fluid supercharger adherence pressure；It is transported to and absorbs extraneous thermal energy in the main heat exchanger, volume is fast Speed expansion forms high temperature and high pressure gas and is delivered in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, drives the cryogenic fluid is super to face The external output mechanical energy of boundary's gas-turbine high speed rotation, or generator high speed rotation is driven externally to export electric energy；

At the same time, the high temperature and high pressure gas in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, temperature and pressure is also continuous Reduction, (the critical-temperature of liquid nitrogen working medium when the gas temperature in the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid is reduced to critical-temperature About -147 DEG C), when pressure reduction is to critical pressure (about 3.4Mpa), the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid does not just continue to do Function, but the directly externally steam exhaust of discharge critical-temperature；Although steam exhaust at this time is gas, but the density of steam exhaust but close to Fluid density is returned and is stored for future use in the cryogenic fluid memory；

Second aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid belongs to a kind of by high temperature and pressure gas Physical efficiency amount is converted into the rotating power machinery of mechanical work, also known as gas turbine, and the gas turbine includes but are not limited to gas Turbine, pneumatic motor, gas screw expander, gas turbine expander；

The construction of the overcritical gas turbine equipment of cryogenic fluid, need to meet density, ingredient, the temperature of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium The physical characteristic of degree and pressure；

The low temperature components of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid need to use low temperature material, include but are not limited to Austria Family name's body hypothermia steel, ferritic steel for low temperature service；

It is worth noting that, the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or the steam exhaust temperature of expander exhaust gas pipeline output, It also include the temperature near critically weighted；Critical-temperature is extremely accurate data, cannot actually be accomplished accurately, therefore need to wrap Include critically weighted temperature nearby；

Further, the steam exhaust temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of the cryogenic fluid reaches the low temperature hair The critical-temperature of electrician's matter；Described to reach in addition to including the temperature near critically weighted, further including is more than critical-temperature；It is different Cryogenic fluid characteristic it is different, the critical-temperature of hydrogen and helium and normal boiling point temperature difference are little, and critical pressure Power very little, in this case, the steam exhaust temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid or the output of expander exhaust gas pipeline reaches very To be more than critical-temperature be easily, it is bigger even more than the amount of critical-temperature, be also included in the scope reached；

It is worth noting that, the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or the steam exhaust pressure of expander exhaust gas pipeline output, Reach or approach the critical pressure of the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；It also include the pressure near critically weighted；Critical pressure is pole Its accurate data cannot actually accomplish accurate, it is therefore desirable to including the pressure limit near critical pressure point；

Further, the steam exhaust pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of the cryogenic fluid, reaches or approaches The critical pressure of the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；It is described close in addition to including the pressure near critically weighted, it further include having not reaching To the range of critical pressure；

Different subsequent process flow require be also it is different, when steam exhaust have other purposes or in the cryogenic fluid it is super It is provided with cryogenic fluid liquid or gas heat absorption device in the steam exhaust pipeline of critical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output, third can be passed through Low temperature meson absorbs excess energy in steam exhaust；Thus cause steam exhaust pressure lower than critical pressure, even below the amount of critical pressure It is bigger, be also included in reach or close to critical pressure scope；

Because of gas temperature and pressure that the cryogenic fluid gas-turbine main steam line is inputted, all significantly it is higher than institute State the critical-temperature and critical pressure of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, therefore the cryogenic fluid gas-turbine is referred to as that cryogenic fluid is super to be faced Boundary's gas-turbine；

Preferably, outside the equipment of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, it is additionally provided with efficient thermal insulation material；Including but not It is only limitted to foamed material, vacuum insulation, fibrous material, mineral wool, high silica wool；The overcritical gas-turbine steam exhaust of cryogenic fluid Lower than environment, low temperature need to be protected.

The third aspect, the embodiment of the invention also includes have steam exhaust regenerator, the cryogenic piping setting of the steam exhaust regenerator Between cryogenic liquid pump and the main heat exchanger；It is overcritical that the high-temperature pipe of the steam exhaust regenerator is located at the cryogenic fluid Between gas-turbine and cryogenic fluid memory；The steam exhaust regenerator be separately provided or with the overcritical turbine unit of cryogenic fluid It closes；

Fourth aspect further includes having cryogenic liquid pump in the embodiment of the present invention；The cryogenic liquid pump intake is connected to institute State the low-temperature electricity-generating worker quality liquid of cryogenic fluid memory bottom；The cryogenic liquid pump discharge is low with the steam exhaust regenerator Warm entrance connection；

Preferably, the cryogenic fluid supercharger outlet is connected with the cryogenic liquid pump discharge；Or the low temperature work The outlet of matter supercharger outlet connection steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping, the cryogenic liquid pump connect the steam exhaust regenerator cryotronl Road entrance.

5th aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also further includes having combustion system, and the combustion system is by the fuel that is sequentially communicated Memory, controller, boiler are constituted；

The combustion system further includes the high temperature main heat exchanger or boiler tubing；

Fuel in the fuel storage device is transported in the boiler and fires after the adjusting of controller and control Burn, the high temperature heat of generation heats the high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or boiler tubing, the high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in boiler tubing is formed as high temperature and high pressure gas after heated, drives the overcritical turbine of the cryogenic fluid The external output mechanical energy of machine high speed rotation, or generator high speed rotation is driven externally to export electric energy；

Stored fuel, includes but are not limited to natural gas, methanol, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, bavin in the fuel storage device Any one of oil, liquefied petroleum gas, bio-fuel；

In terms of 6th, in the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention also further includes having the combustion system of low temperature liquid fuel, The combustion system of the low temperature liquid fuel is by sequentially connected low temperature liquid fuel memory, heat exchanger, controller, boiler structure At；The integral multiple that the heat exchanger quantity is 1, setting are stored in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid and the cryogenic fluid Between device or between the steam exhaust heat exchanger and the cryogenic fluid memory, and/or setting is deposited in the low temperature liquid fuel In reservoir；Stored fuel is low temperature liquid fuel in the fuel storage device；The geothermal liquid fuel includes but not only limits In liquid hydrogen, LNG liquid；

Low temperature liquid fuel is stored in the low temperature liquid fuel memory, through pipeline into the heat exchanger It exchanges heat with the high temperature steam exhaust in exhaust steam pipeline, or in the bottom of the low temperature liquid fuel memory, and/or in cryogenic liquid The heat exchanger is provided at the top of fuel storage device；The height of heat exchanger and the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid Warm high pressure steam exhaust heat exchange enables high temperature and pressure steam exhaust condensation become liquid and returns in cryogenic fluid memory；

At the same time, the low temperature liquid fuel endothermic gasification in the low temperature liquid fuel memory becomes fuel gas, After the controller adjusts control, fuel gas, which is transported in the boiler, to burn, boiler high temperature master described in combustion heating Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in heat exchanger tube, the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in the high temperature main heat exchanger or boiler tubing absorb flammable High temperature and high pressure gas is formed after the high temperature heat that gas burning generates, input and drives the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid high Speed rotates external output mechanical energy or drives generator rotation externally output electric energy；

Further, outside the high temperature main heat exchanger and/or outside the flue of boiler, also it is enclosed with the low temperature main heat exchange Device, the low temperature main heat exchanger adequately absorb the thermal energy come out produced by gas fuel burning in boiler, adequately utilize All thermal energy caused by the gas fuel burning generate electricity；

Preferably, the low temperature main heat exchanger, also exchanges heat with other heat-producing devices, adequately absorbs other described hairs The thermal energy of hot equipment, while other heat-producing devices also being enabled to cool down；

Further, the low temperature main heat exchanger is also changed with mesons such as hot water in the hot-air or environment in environment Heat is absorbed the acting of the thermal energy in environment using the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of extremely low temperature, further improves the system Generating efficiency and power generation output；

Since system makees generating working medium using the extremely cryogenic liquids such as the liquid nitrogen of low temperature, liquid air, it is fully able to natural gas Thermal energy caused by burning " it is net to blot squeezing ", and is completely used for generating electricity；It can also absorb and accumulate in torridity summer high temperature air simultaneously A part of thermal energy of hiding；Certainly not absorbing environment thermal energy can also be also to belong to technology scope provided in an embodiment of the present invention；

Further, the low temperature liquid fuel memory and cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic fluid memory When for identical cryogenic liquid, the cryogenic fluid memory and the low temperature liquid fuel memory merge into one it is identical Cryogenic liquid memory.

Further, in torridity summer, by the cryogenic fluid electricity generation system or motor device, additionally it is possible to realize air-conditioning or Person's refrigerating function includes but are not limited to be arranged at the top of office building, workshop, workshop, train, vessel hotel and need Fresh-keeping or refrigeration equipment place；For motor device, the energy consumption of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment is quite huge, the low temperature work Matter supercritical generating system or motor device using temperature down to -196 DEG C of extremely low temperature liquid nitrogen as generating working medium, due to low Warm Temperature of Working is extremely low, after cryogenic fluid supercharger adherence pressure, is delivered in the low temperature main heat exchanger, on the one hand uses The extremely function of generating working medium the realization air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment of low temperature；Still further aspect, the extremely liquid nitrogen of low temperature absorb environment After thermal energy, after gasification forms the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid described in high input voltage, the overcritical gas of the cryogenic fluid is driven Turbine high speed rotation output mechanical energy drives generator rotation output electric energy.

In terms of 7th, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic fluid memory is the pressure appearance for storing low-temperature electricity-generating working medium Device；Possess pressure limiting and safe valve protection equipment, shell is equipped with thermal insulation thermal insulation material；The meson stored is standard atmospheric pressure Under, boiling temperature is lower than the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of zero degrees celsius；Include but are not limited to liquid nitrogen, methane, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, Liquid hydrogen, any one or more combination of liquid helium；

The cryogenic fluid memory is the pressure vessel for storing low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, has certain voltage endurance capability；By It is not usually very high in the critical pressure of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, therefore general cryogenic liquid storage tank can meet by improvement, In order to control the internal pressure of the cryogenic fluid memory, on the shell of the cryogenic fluid memory, also set up limited Pressure valve and/or safe valve protection equipment, can control the pressure and temperature of the cryogenic fluid memory inside by pressure limiting valve； Setting is also long to prevent vacuum insulation to be destroyed or shelve the time so simultaneously, and external heat is caused to enter cryogenic liquid storage tank In cause temperature and pressure to increase.It is not above the permission pressure of the cryogenic fluid memory, equipment is just very safe and reliable；

Preferably, the cryogenic fluid memory, cryogenic liquid pump, cryogenic fluid supercharger, steam exhaust regenerator, main heat exchange The overcritical gas-turbine of device, cryogenic fluid, the Cryo Equipment or low-temperature components and corresponding connecting pipe are low temperature resistant material Material, includes but are not limited to austenitic cryogenic steel, ferritic steel for low temperature service；

Preferably, the equipment or low-temperature components and corresponding connecting pipe outside, are additionally provided with heat insulation layer；The insulation Layer have good heat-insulating property, include but are not limited to vacuum insulation, aeroge, foamed material, fibrous material, mineral wool, High silica wool；

It optionally, further include having ice chest, the ice chest is made of thermal insulation thermal insulation material, and the Cryo Equipment is put It sets in the ice chest；The ice chest is additionally provided with isolation；The ice chest is carried out by the outer cover against external environment of height insulation Insulation, the isolation are insulated and are isolated between the Cryo Equipment of different temperatures again.

Eighth aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid belongs to a kind of by high pressure gas energy Amount is converted into the rotating power machinery of mechanical work, also known as gas turbine, and therefore, the gas turbine includes but are not limited to gas Turbine, pneumatic motor, gas screw expander, gas turbine expander；

Further, the gas turbine uses low temperature material, includes but are not limited to austenitic cryogenic steel, ferrite Low-temperature steel；Further, the construction of the gas turbine need to meet density, ingredient, temperature and the pressure of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium The physical characteristic of power；

Traditional gas turbine is to make working medium using steam, and for high steam by nozzle, driving steam turbine impeller and rotor are high Speed rotation, the gases such as high-pressure carbon dioxide, high pressure nitrogen, pressure-air blow gas-turbine impeller of rotor by nozzle, similarly Gas turbine impeller rotor can be driven to rotate, it is high-pressure water vapor that turbine machine nozzle and impeller, which do not distinguish input, high-pressure carbon dioxide, Or pressure-air, high pressure nitrogen；As long as high-pressure fluid drives, the impeller of gas-turbine will rotate；The gas turbine Tool equipment, such as pneumatic motor, gas turbine expander, single-screw expander, twin-screw expander equipment are also just as, as long as It is to have high pressure gas input, regardless of the gas of meson, the rotor of gas-turbine or expanding machine all can high speed rotation.

The equipment such as the existing pneumatic motor of tradition, single-screw expander, twin-screw expander, gas turbine expander, in ontology It is slightly different in structure with steam turbine, but all belongs to gas turbine class equipment, and all belong to small gas turbine (only steam turbine substantially It is changeable, and be most widely used), but all traditional equipments are generally all applied to room temperature working medium, such as room temperature pressure-air or Organic generating working medium of person's high temperature water vapour or Organic Rankine Cycle, but answering for low temperature field is not all accounted for generally With.Low temperature and room temperature difference, some room temperature or high temperature steel are only applicable to room temperature and high-temperature field, but are applied to low temperature and lead Behind domain, it may appear that become fragile even breach a possibility that, it is that absolutely not can allow for that this, which is in practical situations,；It must select Low temperature material can solve the problems, such as this, include but are not limited to austenitic cryogenic steel, ferritic steel for low temperature service.

In addition, the cryogenic fluid gas turbine plant, it is also necessary to which traditional gas turbine plant existing equipment tail portion is " complete Remove in portion ", only retain the part of generating working medium critical-temperature or more；The high pressure gas of the cryogenic fluid gas turbine plant input Body, temperature and pressure all have to the critical-temperature for being significantly higher than low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；The cryogenic fluid gas turbine The steam exhaust of equipment output end discharge, temperature reach the critical-temperature of the cryogenic fluid；Steam exhaust pressure reaches the cryogenic fluid Critical pressure；

For the embodiment of the present invention, remodeling method is identical as the gas-turbine, and equipment volume will be smaller, drives It moves powerful；Gas-turbine is changeable, and versatility is also stronger, and technology maturation, cost is also relatively low, and other gas turbine plants exist Small number in the market, emphasis of the embodiment of the present invention describe gas-turbine, and other equipment are identical, no longer excessive to repeat to repeat.

The cryogenic fluid expanding machine, pneumatic motor belong to gas turbine with the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid Tool, only the structure of apparatus body is slightly different；In embodiments of the present invention, the cryogenic fluid expanding machine, pneumatic motor it is defeated Enter end, output end, pipe connecting method and application method and parameter, with the complete phase of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid Together, therefore scope provided by the embodiment of the present invention is also belonged to；

9th aspect, the embodiment of the present invention are also provided with a kind of using gas-turbine or expanding machine height of cylinder closed structure Gland seal system, the gas-turbine or expanding machine are made of stationary part and rotating part；The gas-turbine or expanding machine Boring mill Envelope system includes input terminal gland seal system and output end gland seal system；

The input terminal gland seal system of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine, including input terminal cylinder body, input End bearing and bearing block, input terminal shaft, main steam line；The input end bearing and bearing block, include spring bearing and Thrust bearing；

Further, in the outside of the input end bearing and bearing block, it is additionally provided with insulated case；The insulated case Divide upper insulated case and lower insulated case；The lower insulated case is located in the lower cylinder of input end bearing and bearing block position, And it combines closely with the lower cylinder of the gas-turbine or expanding machine；The input end bearing and bearing block, are mounted on the turbine In the lower insulated case under machine or expanding machine in cylinder；

Further, the lower insulated case and the upper insulated case are equipped with flange, tight by the flange and bolt Gu the inner cavity of the lower insulated case and the upper insulated case forms a closed adiabatic space；The input terminal turns Axis, the input end bearing and bearing block and lubricating oil are sealed in inside the adiabatic space that the insulated case is constituted；

Further, the contact position that the input terminal shaft is wrapped up in the insulated case, is additionally provided with insulated case Sealing, the insulated case sealing prevents the intracorporal bearing oil of insulated shell, from insulated case sealing place to external leakage；

Preferably, it between insulated case described in the gas-turbine or expanding machine main steam line and input terminal, is additionally provided with Axle envelope；Preferably, between the insulated case and institute's main steam line, it is additionally provided with input terminal reserved space or pipeline, it is described Input terminal reserved space or pipeline are located in lower cylinder, store the lubricating oil leaked out from insulated case sealing place, and pass through The dirty lubricating oil leaked out is discharged first pipe valve；

Further, the output end of the gas-turbine or expanding machine includes gas-turbine or expander exhaust gas pipeline, output Hold cylinder body, output end bearing and bearing block, shaft coupling and generator；The gas-turbine or expanding machine, by output end bearing and axis Seat, shaft coupling and generator are held, the output end cylinder interior that the gas-turbine or expanding machine are arrived in setting is hidden；And to output End cylinder body does the improvement of installation generator position, in order to be suitble to placement gen-set；

Preferably, the output end of the gas-turbine or expanding machine input terminal and the gas-turbine or expanding machine is hidden It is arranged into the cylinder body of the gas-turbine or expanding machine, using the gas-turbine or the height airtightness of expanding machine cylinder body, carries out The axle envelope of both ends of the shaft avoids the cryogenic fluid, leaks from the axle envelope of the both ends of the shaft of the gas-turbine or expanding machine.

Preferably, the upper insulated case of the insulated case and lower insulated case are interior by the flange and bolt fastening Portion forms a closed adiabatic space, and lubricating oil injection hole is equipped at the top of the upper insulated case, enables the bearing and bearing Lubricating oil is injected inside the adiabatic space of seat；

Preferably, the insulated case further includes having lubricating oil output channel, the lubricating oil being connected with the insulated case Filter, lube oil cooler and grease pump；The cryogenic high pressure lubricating oil of the grease pump output, through lubricating oil input pipe Road is delivered to the intracorporal bearing of the insulated shell and bearing block；And the lubrication of clean constant temperature is provided for the bearing and bearing block Oil；The intracorporal high temperature of insulated shell and dirty lubricating oil, are exported, and be delivered to lubricating oil filter and profit by lubricating oil output channel Oil cooler cooling, then it is defeated by bearing through grease pump pressurization, form circulation；

Preferably, the lubricating oil filter, the lube oil cooler and the grease pump are arranged in the turbine Outside the cylinder body of machine；Or the cylinder interior of the gas-turbine or expanding machine is set, when being located at cylinder interior, there is heat exchanger tube Road and extraneous heat exchange, to ensure that lubricating oil temperature is constant；

Preferably, outside the gas-turbine or the cylinder body of expander plant or internal, it is additionally provided with lubricating oil temperature Probe, lubricating oil pressure probe, lubricants capacity is popped one's head in and the pressure probe of gas-turbine or expanding machine cylinder interior；Above-mentioned spy The safety of gas-turbine described in the detection of head moment and interlock protection or expander plant.

It is worth noting that, for the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of cost costly, the gas-turbine or expander plant The generating working medium of both ends of the shaft leaks, and not only reduces generating efficiency and generates leakage cost, while the supplement of cryogenic liquid working Also very troublesome.For the leakage problem for solving the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid or expander plant both ends of the shaft, applicant It is found by years of researches, the input terminal and output end of cryogenic fluid gas-turbine or expander plant is all hidden into low temperature work In matter gas-turbine or expander plant cylinder body, with height of cylinder airtightness (up to nearly 100% sealing), low temperature can be thoroughly solved The leakage problem of working medium gas-turbine or expander plant both ends of the shaft.In addition, for other rotating machineries, high-pressure fluid is defeated Entering end and output end also can be using sealing technique identical with the overcritical gas turbine equipment of the cryogenic fluid and method, thus real Now and reach the nearly zero leakage of equipment gland seal system；These also belong to technical scope provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Tenth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention are that can better illustrate cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system System and equipment and the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or expanding machine, have practicability, novelty, creativeness, also for just In being best understood from, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the work of a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment Skill；The specific content as described in claims 9:

The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is:

The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment, including successively The overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid memory, cryogenic fluid supercharger, main heat exchanger, the cryogenic fluid of connection is constituted；It is described low The warm overcritical gas-turbine discharge duct outlets of working medium return to and are connected to the cryogenic fluid memory entrance, form closed circuit follow Ring；

The gas pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine main steam line input of cryogenic fluid, it is necessary to be apparently higher than the low temperature The critical pressure of generating working medium；The steam exhaust pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid, reaches described low The critical pressure of warm generating working medium；

Reach the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of critical pressure, density is stored in the cryogenic fluid memory close to liquid In, pass through the cryogenic fluid supercharger adherence pressure；It is transported to and absorbs extraneous thermal energy in the main heat exchanger, volume is swollen It is swollen, it forms high temperature and high pressure gas and is delivered in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, drive the overcritical gas of the cryogenic fluid The external output mechanical energy of turbine high speed rotation, or generator high speed rotation is driven externally to export electric energy；

Cryogenic fluid in cryogenic fluid memory, temperature are lower than critical-temperature, and lower than the boiling point under the pressure Temperature, when the lower half portion in the cryogenic fluid memory is liquid, it is preferred that be additionally provided with cryogenic liquid pump in system； The cryogenic liquid pump intake is connected to the liquid working substance of cryogenic fluid memory bottom, the cryogenic fluid supercharger with Gas connection at the top of the cryogenic fluid memory；The cryogenic liquid pump discharge and cryogenic fluid supercharger outlet connect It is logical；The cryogenic liquid pump is separately provided, or is set together with the cryogenic fluid supercharger；When the cryogenic fluid is deposited When cryogenic fluid in reservoir is in critical state or (slightly) supercriticality, the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears, institute It states cryogenic liquid pump and also merges with the cryogenic fluid supercharger as a supercharging equipment.

The steam exhaust of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or the output of expander exhaust gas pipeline reaches critical-temperature and faces Boundary's pressure not only simplifies volume compared to traditional steam turbine equipment, but also reduce traditional turbine blade it is too long caused by quiver Vibration and fracture probability reduce failure, improve gas turbine equipment reliability, and can also reduce the manufacturing cost of steam turbine.

Made by equipment collaborations such as the cryogenic fluid supercharger, the main heat exchanger, the equipment, steam exhaust regenerators With realizing a kind of efficient electricity generation system or dynamical system.By improving steam exhaust temperature and pressure, when the cryogenic fluid When cryogenic fluid in memory is in critical state, the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears；Increased using the cryogenic fluid Press adherence pressure can export the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of critical-temperature (about -147 DEG C), to low-temperature heat source and middle temperature-heat-source into Row heat absorption drives the overcritical gas turbine equipment acting of the cryogenic fluid, output mechanical energy or drive generator high speed rotation Export electric energy；Gate is opened to low temperature heat energy power generation, hot water power generation and utilizing for low grade residual heat resource to realize.

Detailed description of the invention

It, below will be to needed in the embodiment more clearly to illustrate the technical solution for illustrating the embodiment of the present invention Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as Restriction to range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis These attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings；This is easily done；

Fig. 1 is a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention Connection schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system with steam exhaust regenerator provided in an embodiment of the present invention or dynamic The connection schematic diagram of Force system and equipment；

Fig. 3 is a kind of overcritical hair of the cryogenic fluid with cryogenic liquid pump and steam exhaust regenerator provided in an embodiment of the present invention The connection schematic diagram of electric system or dynamical system and equipment；

Fig. 4 is a kind of overcritical hair of cryogenic fluid of the combustion system with low temperature liquid fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention The connection schematic diagram of electric system or dynamical system and equipment；

Fig. 5 is a kind of common gas-turbine of low temperature nitrogen of bearing outside cylinder body, and steam exhaust temperature is marked down to (- 196 DEG C) of nitrogen The turbine configuration schematic diagram of quasi- boiling point is used as reference and comparison；

Fig. 6 is a kind of " cutting down traditional turbine drive end unit " provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and output end steam exhaust temperature reaches nitrogen The turbine configuration schematic diagram of gas (- 147 DEG C) critical-temperature；

Fig. 7 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention it is a kind of gas turbine equipment is inputted into end bearing, export end bearing and generator, It is placed into the intracorporal structural schematic diagram of gas-turbine cylinder；

Fig. 8 for the embodiment of the present invention provide it is a kind of gas turbine equipment is inputted into end bearing, export end bearing and generator be equal It is placed into the gas-turbine cylinder body, and the overcritical gas of cryogenic fluid of the output end steam exhaust temperature critical state that reaches nitrogen Turbine structural schematic diagram；

The icon of electricity generation system part: 1- cryogenic fluid memory；2- cryogenic fluid supercharger；3- cryogenic liquid pump；4- Main heat exchanger；401- low temperature main heat exchanger；402- boiler (burner) or high temperature main heat exchanger；The overcritical gas of 5- cryogenic fluid Turbine (or expanding machine)；6- generator；7- steam exhaust regenerator；701- steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping；702- steam exhaust regenerator is high Warm pipeline；900- low temperature liquid fuel memory；9- heat exchanger (multiple)；901- low temp fuel pipeline；902- high temperature steam exhaust pipe Road；903- controller；

The icon of cryogenic fluid gas-turbine part:

(gas turbine plants such as expanding machine are that apparatus body is slightly different from the gas-turbine, to spy of the embodiment of the present invention Changed for sign it is identical, therefore no longer excessive repetition repeats)

20- gas-turbine main steam line；21- gas-turbine exhaust pipe；101- gas-turbine shaft；102- insulated case； 103- inputs end bearing and bearing block；104- axle envelope；105- gas turbine equipment cylinder body；106- impeller of rotor；107- gas-turbine every Plate；108- output end axle envelope；9- output end insulated case；10- exports end bearing and bearing block；11- shaft coupling；12- generator； 13- third pipeline valve；14- third pipe outlet；The outlet of 15- second pipe；16- second pipe valve；17- output end is reserved Space or pipeline；18- output end reserves thermal insulation areas；19- input terminal reserves thermal insulation areas；The sealing of 22- insulated case；23- input terminal Reserved space or pipeline；24- first pipe valve；The outlet of 25- first pipe；26- lubricating oil output channel；The storage of 27- lubricating oil Storage；28- lubricating oil filter；29- lube oil cooler；30- grease pump；31- lubricating oil high input voltage pipeline；32- is defeated The sealing of outlet insulated case；

Specific embodiment

In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is implemented The component of example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in subsequent specification, also, partly be become from specification It is clear that being understood by implementing the embodiment of the present invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by written Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in specification, claims and attached drawing.

In Fig. 1, as the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium stored in the cryogenic fluid memory 1 reaches the critical-temperature of liquid nitrogen (about -147 DEG C), pressure reach critical pressure (about 3.4Mpa), and the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears, and density connects with liquid Closely, by 2 adherence pressure of cryogenic fluid supercharger, about -147 DEG C of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is transported to main heat exchanger 4 In be heated to 30 DEG C or more, the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, which is absorbed heat rapidly, forms high pressure gas, and pressure reaches 5Mpa or more, and input is simultaneously 5 high speed rotation of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid (or expanding machine) is driven to do work；Output mechanical energy drives generator 6 High speed rotation exports electric energy；The steam exhaust that the overcritical gas-turbine 5 of the cryogenic fluid is discharged, temperature up to nitrogen critical-temperature (about- 147 DEG C), pressure reaches critical pressure (about 3.4Mpa), and the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears, and density and liquid are close, returns It returns in the cryogenic fluid memory 1 and stores for future use；

The cryogenic fluid supercharger 2 continues to lift up pressure, and about -147 DEG C of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium is transported to main heat exchange Continue to be heated to 30 DEG C or more in device 4, the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium heat absorption quickly forms high pressure gas, pressure reach 5Mpa with On, it inputs and 5 high speed rotation of the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid (or expanding machine) is driven to do work；Output mechanical energy or band Dynamic 6 high speed rotation of generator exports electric energy；It so constantly recycles, constantly power generation output.

It is to increase a steam exhaust regenerator 7 as shown in Figure 2 with unique difference on the basis of Fig. 1, the steam exhaust regenerator Cryogenic piping 701 is arranged between the cryogenic fluid supercharger 2 and the main heat exchanger 4；The high temperature of the steam exhaust regenerator Pipeline 702 is arranged in the overcritical gas-turbine 5 of the cryogenic fluid, between the cryogenic fluid memory 1；The steam exhaust backheat The effect of device is extra high temperature and energy in the high temperature steam exhaust for exporting overcritical 5 exhaust pipe of gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid In the cryogenic fluid that amount displacement is exported to the cryogenic fluid supercharger 2, on the one hand returned convenient for the high pressure steam exhaust of more low temperature It is spare in the cryogenic fluid memory 1；In addition, the high temperature that overcritical 5 exhaust pipe of gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid is exported Extra high temperature and energy in steam exhaust, and be re-used and be not wasted；The steam exhaust regenerator 7 is separately provided, Huo Zheyu The overcritical gas-turbine 5 of cryogenic fluid is grouped together；

Fig. 3 is a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system with cryogenic liquid pump provided in an embodiment of the present invention or dynamic The connection schematic diagram of Force system and equipment；

It is to increase a cryogenic liquid pump 3 as shown in Figure 3 with the difference on the basis of Fig. 1；3 entrance of cryogenic liquid pump, It is connected to the low-temperature electricity-generating worker quality liquid of 1 bottom of cryogenic fluid memory；The outlet of cryogenic liquid pump 3 and the low temperature work 2 outlet of matter supercharger；The cryogenic liquid pump 3 is separately provided, or is located at together with the cryogenic fluid supercharger 2；

In Fig. 3, the main heat exchanger 4 is split as low temperature main heat exchanger 401 and high temperature main heat exchanger 402, due to The cryogenic fluid temperature of the cryogenic liquid pump 3 outlet and the cryogenic fluid supercharger 2 outlet output, can be with down to -147 DEG C First first exchange heat with low temperature main heat exchanger 401 (such as hot water heat exchanger, condenser, cooler, condenser, air heat exchanger), temperature About 30 DEG C are promoted, is then further continued for continuing in input high temperature main heat exchanger 402 (such as waste heat boiler, high temperature heat-exchange device) About 200 DEG C are heated to, high temperature and pressure nitrogen (air) inputs and drives the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid (or expanding machine) 5 High speed rotation acting；Output mechanical energy drives 6 high speed rotation of generator to export electric energy；

The steam exhaust that the overcritical gas-turbine 5 of cryogenic fluid is discharged, temperature are slightly less than nitrogen critical-temperature (about -147 DEG C), pressure is also slightly less than the critical pressure (about 3.4Mpa) of nitrogen, with the cryogenic fluid supercharger 2 or the low temperature Liquid fuel collective effect, enabling top half in the cryogenic fluid memory 1 is high pressure gas, and lower half portion is liquid, institute 3 entrance of cryogenic liquid pump is stated, the low-temperature electricity-generating worker quality liquid of 1 bottom of cryogenic fluid memory is connected to；The cryogenic fluid 2 entrance of supercharger is connected to the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium high pressure gas at 1 top of cryogenic fluid memory；The cryogenic fluid increases Press 2 and the 3 collective effect adherence pressure of cryogenic liquid pump, the generating working medium of low temperature is delivered in the main heat exchanger 4 Heating, and drive overcritical 5 high speed rotation of the gas-turbine acting of the cryogenic fluid；Output mechanical energy drives generator 6 high Speed rotation output electric energy；So circulation；

The combustion system of low temperature liquid fuel described in Fig. 4 is by sequentially connected low temperature liquid fuel memory 900, heat exchange Device 9 (multiple), controller 903, burner or boiler 402 are constituted；The integral multiple that 9 quantity of heat exchanger is 1 is arranged in institute It states between the overcritical gas-turbine 5 of cryogenic fluid and the cryogenic fluid memory 1 or the steam exhaust heat exchanger high-temperature pipe 702 Between outlet and the cryogenic fluid memory 1,

The low temperature liquid fuel includes but are not limited to LNG liquid, liquid hydrogen；

Low temperature liquid fuel is stored in the low temperature liquid fuel memory 900, passes through pipeline to the heat exchange It exchanges heat in device 9 with the high temperature steam exhaust in exhaust steam pipeline, the heat exchanger 9 and overcritical 5 exhaust pipe of gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid are defeated High temperature and pressure steam exhaust heat exchange out enables high temperature and pressure steam exhaust condensation become liquid and returns in cryogenic fluid memory 1；

At the same time, the low temperature liquid fuel endothermic gasification in the low temperature liquid fuel memory 900 becomes combustible gas Body, after the controller 903 adjusts control, fuel gas, which is transported in the burner or boiler 402, to burn, heating The high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline perhaps the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline in 402 pipeline of boiler or Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in boiler 402 forms high temperature and high pressure gas after absorbing the high temperature heat that gas fuel burning generates, and inputs And it drives the external output mechanical energy of overcritical 5 high speed rotation of gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid or generator 6 is driven to rotate externally Export electric energy；

As shown in figure 5, the gas turbine equipment of traditional approach, 101 bearings at both ends of gas-turbine shaft, including input end bearing and Bearing block 103, and output end bearing and bearing block 10 and shaft coupling 11 and generator 12, are generally all located at gas turbine equipment The outside of cylinder body 105；The shaft end seal at 101 both ends of gas-turbine shaft is by input terminal axle envelope 104 and output end axle envelope 108 It realizes, traditional axle envelope has toothed belt vapour seal, brandon steam-glanding, honeycomb steam seal, brush steam seal, soft tooth packing, elastic toothed belt vapour seal； Though gas-turbine equipped with axle envelope but there are still leakage problem, the leakage rate of existing large-size steam turbine sealing gland per hour up to 10 tons with On.This leakage is also very big, especially expensive cryogenic liquid working, and shaft end gland seal leakage will be very painful.

A kind of low temperature nitrogen working medium gas-turbine of traditional rankine cycle shown in fig. 5, gas-turbine main steam line 20, input Gas temperature be 0 DEG C or more, steam does work in gas turbine equipment, and temperature also constantly reduces, when temperature drops to institute in Fig. 1 - 147 DEG C of critical-temperature positions (latent heat O) of label just begin in steam exhaust latent when gas temperature is lower than nitrogen critical-temperature Heat, and as steam exhaust temperature reduces, the latent heat contained in nitrogen also will be increasing, the temperature of gas-turbine exhaust pipe 21 - 196 DEG C of boiling temperatures of nitrogen are reduced to, latent heat reaches 199kj/kg, because of steam exhaust temperature very low temperature, huge low-grade latent heat It can be difficult to discharge, therefore Rankine cycle is also just difficult to carry out, this is also the main original that cryogenic fluid power generation is difficult to realize Cause.

The gas-turbine input terminal of Fig. 6 and Fig. 5, the first half and output end master section of gas-turbine ontology and traditional gas Turbine is identical, but the gas-turbine exhaust stage blade and second last stage blade " all being cut down ", the steam exhaust temperature that exhaust pipe is exported Degree reaches or (about -147 DEG C) critical-temperature of slightly higher than nitrogen, and the volume of the gas turbine equipment will also reduce very much；

Gas-turbine main steam line described in Fig. 6 20 still inputs (0 DEG C or more) high pressure nitrogen, passes through the gas-turbine sheet High temperature and pressure nitrogen energy conversion is high-speed rotating mechanical energy by body, and high pressure nitrogen constantly does work in gas-turbine, temperature It also can constantly reduce with pressure, face when the overcritical gas-turbine temperature of the cryogenic fluid is reduced to (- 147 DEG C) that Fig. 5 is marked After boundary's temperature spot, the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid is expelled directly out the high temperature steam exhaust of (- 147 DEG C), pressure from exhaust pipe About critical pressure (about 3.4MPa)；Density at this time is maximum, possesses the density of near liquid, latent heat 0, gas phase and liquid phase it Between difference disappear；

Problem is leaked to solve gas turbine equipment both ends of the shaft, applicant is by nearly 20 years the study found that gas-turbine is defeated Enter end and output end is hidden into gas-turbine cylinder body, with the gas-turbine height of cylinder closed structure (up to 100% sealing), solution The leakage problem of the certainly described gas-turbine both ends of the shaft；

As shown in fig. 7, being turned left the input terminal of the be illustrated as gas turbine equipment with high pressure admission mouth 20 and top A line； It is the gas turbine equipment ontology between main steam line 20 and exhaust steam pipeline 21, such as the part B institute among A line in figure and C line Show；Exhaust steam pipeline 21 and top C line turn right illustrated be the gas turbine equipment output end；

Gas-turbine as shown in Figure 7, insulated case 102 divides insulated case and lower insulated case, and (Fig. 7 show gas-turbine Lower insulated case)；The end position of bearings of gas-turbine shaft 101 is set, the lower insulated case is located in lower cylinder body, and It combines closely with the lower cylinder body of gas-turbine cylinder body 105；The input end bearing and bearing block 103 are located at the insulated case 102 Lower insulated case in, support 101 weight of gas-turbine shaft, there are also thrust bearing limitation gas-turbine shaft 101 move axially；Absolutely The contact position of hot shell 102 and gas-turbine shaft 101, is equipped with insulated case sealing 22, and the insulated case sealing 22 prevents Bearing oil in insulated case 102 externally generates leakage from insulated case sealing 22；

Optionally, axle envelope 104 is additionally provided between high pressure admission mouth 20 and input terminal, optionally, the axle envelope 104 and insulation It between shell 102, is additionally provided with input terminal and reserves thermal insulation areas 19, it is therefore an objective to isolation and the temperature for reducing the input of High Pressure Steam Host Piping 20 Degree, influences the input end bearing and bearing block 103 of insulated case 102 and the inside；Due to the upper insulated case of insulated case 102 It is closed structure with lower insulated case, pressure is identical as 20 input pressure of high pressure admission mouth, therefore the input of high pressure admission mouth 20 High pressure gas is difficult to enter into inside insulated case 102.There are also axle envelopes 104 and insulated case sealing 22 simultaneously；The insulated shell Body sealing 22 is two also settable, and the high temperature and high pressure gas that setting can be such that main steam line 20 inputs in this way hardly enters, simultaneously Also the lubricating oil that can avoid in insulated case 102 is difficult to leak out；

Optionally, it is reserved between thermal insulation areas 19 in insulated case sealing 22 and input terminal, is additionally provided with input terminal reserved space Or pipeline 23, the input terminal reserved space or pipeline 23 are isolated, while being stored and being leaked out from insulated case sealing 22 Lubricating oil, and the lubricating oil of the leakage is discharged by first pipe valve 24 and first pipe outlet 25；

Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the outside of the insulated case 102 and lower cylinder body 105, is additionally provided with and the insulated shell The connected lubricating oil output channel 26 of body 102, lubrication oil reservoir 27, lubricating oil filter 28, lube oil cooler 29 and profit Oil pump 30 and lubricating oil high input voltage pipeline 31, by the lubricating oil high input voltage pipeline 31 by abundance, completely, it is low (controllable temperature) lubricating oil of temperature, is delivered in the insulated case 102, is supplied to input end bearing and bearing block 103, fills Foot, clean, the lubricating oil guarantee of low temperature；Ensuring to input end bearing and bearing block 103 being capable of safety and stability.

The lubrication oil reservoir 27, lubricating oil filter 28, lube oil cooler 29, can be combined, then lead to Grease pump 30 and lubricating oil high input voltage pipeline 31 are crossed, lubricating oil is delivered to the bearing and axis in the insulated case 102 Hold seat 103；

Optionally, the lubricating oil filter 28, lube oil cooler 29 and grease pump 30 may be provided in gas turbine equipment Cylinder body 105 outside；It can also be located at the cylinder interior of gas-turbine, when the institute in cylinder interior is arranged in lube oil cooler 29 Stating in lube oil cooler 29 has pipeline to contact with the external world, is flowed by the meson in pipeline, lubricating oil heat in cylinder body is passed It is delivered to outside cylinder body, by returning to cylinder interior after heat exchanger cooling.

Preferably, the input terminal of the gas-turbine and output end are put into inside the cylinder body 105 of gas turbine equipment, use institute The shaft end seal that the height airtightness structure (nearly 100% sealing) of gas-turbine cylinder body carries out gas-turbine shaft 101 is stated, high pressure is avoided Gas leaks from the axle envelope at 101 both ends of gas-turbine shaft.The output end embodiment of the gas-turbine is as follows: output end Bearing and bearing block 10 are located at the position far from output end axle envelope 108；Preferably, output end reserves thermal insulation areas 18；Output end axis It holds and is located in output end insulated case 9 with bearing block 10, output end insulated case 9 is identical as input end structure, insulated shell under point The lower cylinder body of body and upper insulated case, the lower insulated case and gas turbine equipment cylinder body 105 is combined closely, and is insulated on output end By flange and bolt fastening, inside forms a closed adiabatic space for shell and lower insulated case；Optionally, described exhausted Hot case top sets lubricating oil injection hole, enables and injects lubricating oil in the adiabatic space of the bearing and bearing block 10；Specific implementation It is identical as input terminal, no longer excessively repeat；It should be noted that output end insulated case 9 and shaft 101 are gathered around, there are two contact position It sets, therefore there are two output end insulated case sealings 32, is separately positioned on two to be in contact with shaft 101 as shown in Figure 3 and connects Touch position；The output end insulated case sealing 32 prevents the bearing oil in output end insulated case 9 from being insulated from output end To external leakage at housing seal 32；The shaft end of output end gas-turbine shaft 101 is additionally provided with turn of shaft coupling 11 and generator 12 Axis carries out shaft coupling, facilitates the maintenance and replacement of generator 12；

Preferably, output end reserved space or pipeline 17 are separately positioned on the lower cylinder body 105 of 9 two sides of output end insulated case It is interior, the lubricating oil leaked out from output end insulated case sealing 32 is stored, and pass through second pipe valve 16 and third pipeline The lubricating oil leaked out is discharged valve 13；It needs to illustrate, output end generator 12 produces electricl energy, by being located at gas turbine equipment cylinder Connecting terminal on body 105 is drawn, and will not influence the sealing performance of the gas-turbine.

The gentle turbine exhaust pipeline 21 of the gas-turbine High Pressure Steam Host Piping 20 is all the method excellent using airtight performance Blue and fastened by screw is not in leakage, therefore gas turbine equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention possesses multi-sealed measure. It is worth noting that, rotating shaft sealing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is for other rotating machineries, high pressure gas is defeated Enter end and output end, can also use sealing technique identical with the gas turbine equipment and method, to realize and reach shaft The nearly zero leakage of sealing system, also belongs to the scope.The technology is relatively independent, has independent technique feature, is quoting these When technology, it is also desirable to obtain applicant's approval.

Fig. 8 for the embodiment of the present invention provide it is a kind of gas turbine equipment is inputted into end bearing, export end bearing and generator be equal Be placed into the gas-turbine cylinder body, and output end steam exhaust temperature reach nitrogen critical state (about -147 DEG C of temperature, pressure About 3.4MPa critical pressure) the overcritical turbine configuration schematic diagram of cryogenic fluid；

In Fig. 8, shaft end seal is carried out using gas turbine equipment cylinder body, the sealing performance of the system (can reach nearly 100%) It is identical as Fig. 7 to can achieve close to zero leakage；Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium can not only reduce expensive low temperature close to zero leakage Generating working medium is lost, while can also improve the whole generating efficiency of the electricity generation system and dynamical system；

As shown in figure 8, cryogenic fluid gas-turbine provided in an embodiment of the present invention, when temperature drops to facing for generating working medium nitrogen Boundary's state (about -147 DEG C, pressure about 3.4MPa critical pressure), does not just continue to do work, and directly passes through the overcritical gas of cryogenic fluid Turbine exhaust pipeline 21 is discharged, therefore the cryogenic fluid gas-turbine has small in size, powerful, advantage at low cost；? Gate is opened for low grade heat energy power generation, hot water power generation, the utilization of ultralow temperature residual heat resources.

Claims

1. a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment, which is characterized in that including what is be sequentially communicated The overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid memory, cryogenic fluid supercharger, main heat exchanger, cryogenic fluid is constituted；The cryogenic fluid Overcritical gas-turbine discharge duct outlets return to and connect the cryogenic fluid memory entrance, form circulation；

The cryogenic fluid memory setting limited valve and safe valve protection equipment, and the low temperature work with high-efficiency insulated insulation The pressure vessel of matter storage；The working medium stored is normal atmosphere pressure, and boiling temperature is lower than the low-temperature electricity-generating work of zero degrees celsius Matter；

The cryogenic fluid supercharger is the driving equipment of lifting fluid pressure；The cryogenic fluid supercharger is arranged described low Between warm working medium memory and the main heat exchanger；

The main heat exchanger is arranged between the cryogenic fluid supercharger and the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid；The master Heat exchanger is the capital equipment to exchange heat with heat source；

The main heat exchanger is divided into low temperature main heat exchanger and/or high temperature main heat exchanger again；The low temperature main heat exchanger includes but not It is only limitted to hot water heat exchanger, condenser, cooler, air duct heat exchanger, air heat exchanger, unit cooler, geothermal heat exchanger, work Any one or more of industry exhaust gas and waste liquid heat exchanger combination；The high temperature main heat exchanger include but are not limited to boiler, Any one or more combination of waste heat boiler, high temperature heat-exchange device；

The entrance of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid connects the main heat exchanger outlet, the overcritical turbine of cryogenic fluid Machine discharge duct outlets；Connect cryogenic fluid memory entrance；

The high pressure gas temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine main steam line input of cryogenic fluid, it is necessary to be apparently higher than the low temperature The critical-temperature of generating working medium；The steam exhaust temperature of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid, reaches described low The critical-temperature of warm generating working medium；

The gas pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine main steam line input of cryogenic fluid, it is necessary to be apparently higher than the low-temperature electricity-generating The critical pressure of working medium；The steam exhaust pressure of the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of cryogenic fluid, reaches or approaches described The critical pressure of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；

The low-temperature electricity-generating working medium for reaching the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium critical pressure is stored in the cryogenic fluid memory, is led to Cross the cryogenic fluid supercharger adherence pressure；It is transported to and absorbs extraneous thermal energy in the main heat exchanger, volume is swollen rapidly It is swollen, it forms high temperature and high pressure gas and is delivered in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, drive the overcritical gas of the cryogenic fluid The external output mechanical energy of turbine high speed rotation, or generator high speed rotation is driven externally to export electric energy；

The overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid belongs to a kind of rotation that high temperature and high pressure gas energy is converted into mechanical work and moves Power is mechanical, and also known as gas turbine, the gas turbine include but are not limited to gas-turbine, pneumatic motor, gas screw expander, gas Body turbo-expander；

The construction of the overcritical gas turbine equipment of cryogenic fluid, need to meet the density of low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, ingredient, temperature, with And the physical characteristic of pressure；

The low temperature components of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid need to use low temperature material, include but are not limited to austenite Low-temperature steel, ferritic steel for low temperature service；

Outside the equipment of the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid, it is equipped with efficient thermal insulation material；Include but are not limited to foamed material, Vacuum heat-insulating plate, fibrous material, mineral wool, high silica wool.

2. cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system according to claim 1 or dynamical system and equipment, which is characterized in that It further include having steam exhaust regenerator and cryogenic liquid pump, the steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping is arranged in the cryogenic liquid pump discharge Between the main heat exchanger；Steam exhaust regenerator high-temperature pipe is arranged in the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid and the cryogenic fluid Between memory；The steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping adequately exchanges heat with the steam exhaust regenerator high-temperature pipe, common combination Steam exhaust regenerator as a high efficient heat exchanging；The steam exhaust regenerator be separately provided or with the overcritical gas of the cryogenic fluid Turbine is grouped together；

It further, further include having cryogenic liquid pump；The cryogenic liquid pump intake is connected to cryogenic fluid memory bottom Low-temperature electricity-generating worker quality liquid；The cryogenic liquid pump discharge is connected to steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping entrance；The Low Temperature Liquid Body pump is separately provided, or combines with the cryogenic fluid supercharger；

Preferably, the cryogenic fluid supercharger outlet is connected with the cryogenic liquid pump discharge；Or the cryogenic fluid increases The outlet of press outlet connection steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping, the cryogenic liquid pump connect the steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping and enter Mouthful.

3. cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system according to claim 1 to 2 or dynamical system and equipment, the high temperature Main heat exchanger or boiler further include having combustion system, and the combustion system is by the fuel storage device, controller, pot that are sequentially communicated Furnace is constituted；The boiler is made of hearth combustor and the high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline；

Fuel in the fuel storage device is transported in the boiler and burns after the adjusting of controller and control, produces Raw high temperature heat amount heats the high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or boiler tubing, the high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or boiler Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in pipeline forms high temperature and high pressure gas after heated, drives the overcritical gas-turbine high speed of the cryogenic fluid External output mechanical energy is rotated, or generator high speed rotation is driven externally to export electric energy；

Stored fuel, includes but are not limited to natural gas, methanol, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, diesel oil, liquid in the fuel storage device Any one of liquefied oil gas, bio-fuel；

Further, fuel stored in the fuel storage device is low temperature liquid fuel；The geothermal liquid fuel include but It is not limited only to liquid hydrogen, LNG liquid；

Further, the low temperature liquid fuel memory and cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic fluid memory are phase With cryogenic liquid when, the cryogenic fluid memory and the low temperature liquid fuel memory merge into an identical low temperature Liquid memory.

4. cryogenic fluid electricity generation system according to claim 1 to 3 or motor device, which is characterized in that further include having low temperature Fluid combustion system, the combustion system of the low temperature liquid fuel by sequentially connected low temperature liquid fuel memory, Heat exchanger, controller and boiler are constituted；The integral multiple that the heat exchanger quantity is 1 is arranged in the overcritical gas of the cryogenic fluid Between turbine and the cryogenic fluid memory or between the steam exhaust heat exchanger and the cryogenic fluid memory, and/or It is arranged in the low temperature liquid fuel memory；

Low temperature liquid fuel is stored in the low temperature liquid fuel memory, by pipeline into the heat exchanger with it is weary High temperature steam exhaust heat exchange in steam pipe road, or the bottom of the low temperature liquid fuel memory is provided with the heat exchanger, and/ Or the heat exchanger is also equipped at the top of low temperature liquid fuel memory；The heat exchanger and the overcritical turbine of cryogenic fluid The high temperature and pressure steam exhaust heat exchange of machine exhaust pipe output enables high temperature and pressure steam exhaust condensation become liquid and returns to cryogenic fluid memory In；

At the same time, the low temperature liquid fuel in the low temperature liquid fuel memory absorbs the overcritical turbine of cryogenic fluid After the thermal energy of the high temperature steam exhaust of machine exhaust pipe output, it is gasificated as fuel gas, it is flammable after the controller adjusts control Gas, which is transported in the boiler, to burn, and heats the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in the boiler high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline, described After low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in boiler high temperature pipeline absorbs the high temperature heat that gas fuel burning generates, high temperature and pressure gas is formed Body inputs and drives the external output mechanical energy of the overcritical gas-turbine high speed rotation of the cryogenic fluid or drives generator rotation pair Outer output electric energy；

Further, outside the high temperature main heat exchanger or boiler, low temperature main heat exchanger, the low temperature main heat exchanger are also enclosed with The thermal energy that gas fuel burning in boiler produces is fully absorbed, thermal energy caused by the gas fuel burning is made full use of To carry out power generation acting；

Preferably, the low temperature main heat exchanger, also exchanges heat with other heat-producing devices, adequately absorbs other described fevers and sets Standby thermal energy, while other heat-producing devices also being enabled to cool down；

Further, the low temperature main heat exchanger also exchanges heat with mesons such as hot water in the hot-air or environment in environment, benefit The acting of the thermal energy in environment is absorbed with the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium of extremely low temperature, further improves the power generation effect of the system Rate and power generation output；

Further, in torridity summer, the low temperature main heat exchanger is arranged in the inside of the motor device, Lai Shixian air-conditioning Perhaps refrigerating function include but are not limited to automobile, train, vessel hotel top and need it is fresh-keeping or refrigeration set Standby place.

5. cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment, feature described in -4 exist according to claim 1 In the cryogenic fluid memory is the pressure vessel for storing low-temperature electricity-generating working medium；Possess pressure limiting valve and safe valve protection equipment, Shell is equipped with thermal insulation thermal insulation material；The meson stored is normal atmosphere pressure, and boiling temperature is low lower than zero degrees celsius Warm generating working medium；Include but are not limited to liquid nitrogen, methane, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, any one or more group of liquid helium It closes；

The cryogenic fluid memory, cryogenic liquid pump, cryogenic fluid supercharger, steam exhaust regenerator, main heat exchanger, cryogenic fluid Overcritical gas-turbine, the Cryo Equipment or low-temperature components and corresponding connecting pipe are low temperature material, including but not It is only limitted to austenitic cryogenic steel；

Outside the Cryo Equipment or low-temperature components and corresponding connecting pipe, it is additionally provided with heat insulation layer；The heat insulation layer tool There is good heat-insulating property, includes but are not limited to vacuum insulation, aeroge, foamed material, fibrous material, mineral wool, high silicon Oxygen cotton；

It further include having ice chest, the ice chest is made of thermal insulation thermal insulation material, and the Cryo Equipment is placed on described cold In case；The ice chest is additionally provided with isolation；The ice chest is insulated by the outer cover against external environment of thermal insulation, it is described every From being insulated and be isolated between the Cryo Equipment of different temperatures again.

6. cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system according to claim 1 or dynamical system and equipment, which is characterized in that It further include having a kind of gas turbine equipment that axle envelope is carried out with gas-turbine cylinder body, the gas-turbine is by stationary part and rotating part structure At；The gas-turbine cylinder body gland seal system includes input terminal gland seal system and output end gland seal system；The input of the gas-turbine Hold gland seal system, including input terminal cylinder body, input end bearing and bearing block, input terminal shaft, main steam line；The input terminal Bearing and bearing block include spring bearing and thrust bearing；

In the outside of the input end bearing and bearing block, it is additionally provided with insulated case；The upper insulated case of the insulated case point With lower insulated case；The lower insulated case be located at input end bearing and bearing block position lower cylinder in, and with the turbine The lower cylinder of machine is combined closely；The input end bearing and bearing block, the lower insulated shell being mounted under the gas-turbine in cylinder In body；

The lower insulated case and the upper insulated case are equipped with flange, by the flange and bolt fastening, the lower insulation The inner cavity of shell and the upper insulated case forms a closed adiabatic space；The input terminal shaft, the input terminal axis Hold with bearing block and lubricating oil, be sealed in inside the adiabatic space that the insulated case is constituted；In the insulated case packet The contact position for wrapping up in the input terminal shaft, is additionally provided with insulated case sealing, and the insulated case sealing prevents insulated case Interior bearing oil, from insulated case sealing place to external leakage.

7. cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system according to claim 6 or dynamical system and equipment and the turbine Machine equipment, which is characterized in that the upper insulated case of the insulated case and lower insulated case by the flange and bolt fastening, Inside forms a closed adiabatic space, and is provided with lubricating oil injection hole at the top of the upper insulated case, enables the axis It holds and injects lubricating oil inside the adiabatic space of bearing block；

The insulated case further includes having the lubricating oil output channel being connected with the insulated case, lubricating oil filter, lubrication Oil cooler and grease pump；The cryogenic high pressure lubricating oil of the grease pump output, is delivered to institute through lubricating oil input duct State the intracorporal bearing of insulated shell and bearing block；And the lubricating oil of clean constant temperature is provided for the bearing and bearing block；Insulated case Interior high temperature and dirty lubricating oil, is exported, and be delivered to lubricating oil filter and lube oil cooler by lubricating oil output channel Cooling is defeated by bearing using grease pump pressurization, forms circulation；

The lubricating oil filter, the lube oil cooler and the grease pump are arranged in outside the cylinder body of the gas-turbine Portion；Or the cylinder interior of the gas-turbine is set, when being located at cylinder interior, there are heat exchange pipeline and extraneous heat exchange, to protect It is constant to hinder lubricating oil temperature；

The cylinder interior of the gas turbine equipment or outside are additionally provided with lubricating oil temperature probe, lubricating oil pressure probe, lubricating oil The pressure probe of amount probe and the gas-turbine cylinder interior；

Preferably, axle envelope is provided between the gas-turbine main steam line and input terminal insulated case；Preferably, the insulation Between shell and institute's main steam line, it is provided with input terminal reserved space or pipeline, the input terminal reserved space or pipeline It is located in the lower cylinder, stores the lubricating oil leaked out from insulated case sealing place, and will let out by first pipe valve The dirty lubricating oil discharge spilt.

8. according to cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system described in claim 6-7 or dynamical system and equipment and the gas Turbine equipment, which is characterized in that the output end of the gas-turbine includes gas-turbine exhaust pipe, output end cylinder body, output end Bearing and bearing block, shaft coupling and generator；The gas-turbine will export end bearing and bearing block, shaft coupling and generator, Hide the output end cylinder interior that the gas-turbine is arrived in setting；

The output end of the gas-turbine input terminal and the gas-turbine is hidden in setting to the gas-turbine cylinder body, utilizes institute The height closed structure for stating gas-turbine cylinder body, both ends of the shaft is sealed, and avoids the cryogenic fluid from the gas-turbine shaft two It is leaked at the axle envelope at end.

9. the technique of a kind of cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment, suitable for claim 1-8 Any one cryogenic fluid supercritical generating system or dynamical system and equipment and the gas turbine equipment；

Include the following steps:

Such as the liquid that the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium stored in the cryogenic fluid memory is under critical pressure, and critical-temperature is -147 DEG C Nitrogen or liquid air；When the cryogenic fluid in the cryogenic fluid memory is in liquid or critical state or supercriticality When, the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears, latent heat 0；It is added high pressure by the cryogenic fluid supercharger, is delivered to the master In heat exchanger, as heated in hot water heat exchanger, about -147 DEG C of nitrogen temperature promotion reaches 30 DEG C or more；Pressure reach 5Mpa with On, it inputs and drives the overcritical gas-turbine high speed rotation acting of the cryogenic fluid, output mechanical energy or drive generator are high Speed rotation output electric energy；

At the same time, the high temperature and high pressure gas in the overcritical gas-turbine of the cryogenic fluid, temperature and pressure are also constantly dropping It is low, when the gas temperature in the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid is reduced to critical-temperature (critical-temperature of liquid nitrogen working medium about- 147 DEG C), when pressure reduction is to critical pressure (about 3.4Mpa), the overcritical gas-turbine of cryogenic fluid does not just continue to do work, But the directly externally steam exhaust of discharge critical-temperature and pressure；Though steam exhaust at this time is gas, the density of steam exhaust is close to liquid Volume density is delivered in the main heat exchanger by the cryogenic fluid supercharger adherence pressure and is continued to heat, nitrogen temperature reaches 30 DEG C or more (the higher the better for temperature, and high-temperature power generation output as far as possible is more)；Pressure reaches 5Mpa or more, inputs and drives described low The warm overcritical gas-turbine high speed rotation acting of working medium, output mechanical energy or drive generator high speed rotation export electric energy；So not Disconnected circulation constantly absorbs hot water thermal energy and power generation output；

The overcritical gas-turbine output end of cryogenic fluid is additionally provided with steam exhaust regenerator, the steam exhaust regenerator cryogenic piping setting Between the cryogenic fluid supercharger and the main heat exchanger；The steam exhaust regenerator high-temperature pipe is arranged in the low temperature work Between the overcritical gas-turbine of matter and the cryogenic fluid memory；The effect of the steam exhaust regenerator is to surpass the cryogenic fluid In the high temperature steam exhaust of critical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output, extra high temperature energy displacement is exported to the cryogenic fluid supercharger Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in, on the one hand returned convenient for the high pressure steam exhaust of more low temperature spare in cryogenic fluid memory；In addition, institute State high temperature energy extra in the steam exhaust that the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe of cryogenic fluid is exported, and be re-used, not by Waste；

Cryogenic fluid in cryogenic fluid memory, temperature are lower than critical-temperature, and the boiling temperature being lower than under the pressure, When lower half portion in the cryogenic fluid memory is liquid, it is preferred that be additionally provided with cryogenic liquid pump in system；It is described low Geothermal liquid pump intake is connected to the liquid working substance of cryogenic fluid memory bottom, the cryogenic fluid supercharger with it is described low High pressure gas connection at the top of warm working medium memory；The cryogenic liquid pump discharge and cryogenic fluid supercharger outlet connect It is logical；The cryogenic liquid pump is separately provided, or is set together with the cryogenic fluid supercharger；When the cryogenic fluid is deposited When cryogenic fluid in reservoir is in critical state or (slightly) supercriticality, the difference between gas phase and liquid phase disappears, institute It states cryogenic liquid pump and also merges with the cryogenic fluid supercharger as a supercharging equipment；

It further, further include the combustion system for having low temperature liquid fuel, the combustion system is by the cryogenic liquid that is sequentially communicated Fuel storage device, heat exchanger, controller and boiler are constituted；The integral multiple that the heat exchanger quantity is 1 is arranged in the low temperature Between the overcritical gas-turbine of working medium and the cryogenic fluid memory or the steam exhaust heat exchanger is stored with the cryogenic fluid Between device, and/or it is arranged in the low temperature liquid fuel memory；

Low temperature liquid fuel is stored in the low temperature liquid fuel memory, by pipeline into the heat exchanger with it is weary High temperature steam exhaust heat exchange in steam pipe road, or the bottom of the low temperature liquid fuel memory is provided with heat exchanger and top Equipped with the heat exchanger；The high temperature and pressure steam exhaust of the heat exchanger and the overcritical gas-turbine exhaust pipe output of the cryogenic fluid Heat exchange enables high temperature and pressure steam exhaust be condensed into liquid and returns in the cryogenic fluid memory；

At the same time, the low temperature liquid fuel endothermic gasification in the low temperature liquid fuel memory becomes fuel gas, through institute After stating controller adjusting control, fuel gas, which is transported in the boiler, to burn, and heats the boiler high temperature main heat exchanger pipe Low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in road, the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium in the boiler high temperature main heat exchanger pipeline absorb gas fuel burning and produce High temperature and high pressure gas is formed after raw high temperature heat, input and the overcritical gas-turbine high speed rotation of cryogenic fluid is driven externally to export Mechanical energy drives generator rotation externally output electric energy；

Further, the high temperature main heat exchanger or the boiler are outer with outside the boiler flue, are also enclosed with low temperature master and change Hot device, the low temperature main heat exchanger adequately absorb all heat come out produced by gas fuel burning in the boiler-burner Energy, power generation of adequately being done work using all thermal energy come out produced by the gas fuel burning；

Preferably, the low temperature main heat exchanger, the also equipment with other fevers exchange heat, and adequately absorb other described fevers The thermal energy of equipment, while other heat-producing devices also being enabled to cool down；

Further, the low temperature main heat exchanger also exchanges heat with mesons such as hot water in the hot-air or environment in environment, benefit The acting of the thermal energy in environment is absorbed with the low-temperature electricity-generating working medium, further improves the generating efficiency and power generation of the system Output.