CN110258491A - Ship lock safeguard structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a ship lock protection structure, comprising a base frame; a support frame, arranged at intervals on one side of the base frame; a buffer device, arranged between the base frame and the support frame; and a plurality of energy-absorbing panels, which can be connected with the support frame After the connection is disassembled, a plurality of energy-absorbing panels are respectively arranged longitudinally and transversely at intervals on the side of the supporting frame away from the base frame. The present invention adopts the cooperation of the support frame, the buffer device, the energy-absorbing panel and the base frame, and absorbs the energy generated in the process of the ship colliding with the lock through the three-stage protection structure of the buffer device, the energy-absorbing panel and the support frame, thereby ensuring that the main body of the lock is protected from damage, and because the energy-absorbing panel is detachably connected to the support frame, the energy-absorbing panel is easy to repair and replace, thus effectively solving the technical problem of poor buffering efficiency and difficult repair of the ship lock protective structure, and improving the impact resistance of the ship lock protective structure Capacity and service life, enhance the safety of the lock, and reduce the maintenance cost of the lock.

Description

Lock protection structure

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship lock protection devices, and more specifically relates to a ship lock protection structure.

Background technique

The ship lock is a box-shaped navigable structure that uses water filling and discharging into the channel controlled by gates at both ends to raise and lower the water level, so that the ship can overcome the water level drop on the channel. It is generally composed of a lock chamber, a lock head, a gate and an approach channel. In order to prevent the ship lock from being damaged by passing ships, protective structures will be provided at positions where the lock chamber, lock head, gate and approach channel may be in direct contact with the ship.

With the development of society and the needs of water conservancy transportation, ships are developing in the direction of large-scale, comprehensive and high-speed. At present, most of the ship lock protective structures are integral steel frame structures with poor buffering efficiency. Once a ship collision accident occurs, the main frame of the ship lock protective structure is likely to be deformed or damaged, and the repair takes a long time, affecting the normal passage of ships and causing huge economic losses. loss.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship lock protection structure, including but not limited to solving the technical problems of poor buffering efficiency and difficult repair of the ship lock protection structure.

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a ship lock protection structure, including:

pedestal;

A support frame is arranged at intervals on one side of the base frame;

a buffer device disposed between the base frame and the support frame; and

A plurality of energy-absorbing panels are detachably connected to the support frame, and the plurality of energy-absorbing panels are respectively arranged longitudinally and transversely at intervals on a side of the support frame away from the base frame.

Further, the energy-absorbing panel includes:

Two panels, spaced apart and facing each other;

a side panel, sandwiched between the edges of the two panels; and enclosed with the two panels to form an accommodating space; and

The energy absorbing element is filled in the accommodating space.

Further, the energy-absorbing panel also includes:

The corrugated skin is fastened to the panel, and divides the accommodation space into a plurality of accommodation chambers, and the energy-absorbing element is accommodated in the accommodation chambers.

Further, the energy-absorbing element is a porous solid material.

Further, the buffer device includes:

The base is fastened to the base frame;

a pressure bearing plate, fastened to the support frame; and

A spring assembly, one end of the spring assembly is connected to the pressure bearing plate, and the other end of the spring assembly is connected to the base, so as to limit the pressure bearing plate from approaching the base.

Further, the buffer device includes two spring assemblies, and the two spring assemblies are respectively hinged on opposite sides of the pressure bearing plate; the base includes:

the bottom plate is fixed on the base frame;

Four support plates are protruding from the bottom plate respectively, and guide holes extending along the length direction of the bottom plate are opened on the support plate; and

Two end plates are respectively protruding from opposite ends of the bottom plate, and the opposite ends of the end plates are connected to the two support plates;

The spring assembly includes:

spring seat;

A guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fastened to the spring seat, and the other end of the guide rod is passed through the end plate;

A spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and one end of the spring is in contact with the spring seat, and the other end of the spring is in contact with the end plate;

Two connecting shafts, one end of the two connecting shafts are fastened to the opposite sides of the spring seat, and the other ends of the two connecting shafts are respectively limited on the two guide holes and can be moved along the guide holes. sliding, the axis of the connecting shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the guide rod; and

Two connecting arms, one end of the two connecting arms is respectively hinged to the two connecting shafts, and the other end of the two connecting arms is respectively hinged to one side edge of the pressure bearing plate.

Further, the spring is a compression spring, and the buffer device further includes:

Two buffer pieces, the buffer pieces are sheathed on the guide rod and sandwiched between the spring and the end plate.

Further, the ship lock protection structure includes five buffer devices, and the five buffer devices are respectively arranged at the middle part and the four corners of the base frame.

Further, the ship lock protection structure also includes a plurality of frame groups, and the plurality of frame groups are fixed on the support frame at intervals, at least two of the energy-absorbing panels are combined into an energy-absorbing panel group, and the energy-absorbing panel group It is detachably connected with the frame group.

Further, the frame group includes:

For two frames, opposite side edges of the energy-absorbing panel are respectively connected to the two frames.

The beneficial effects of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention are: the support frame, the buffer device, the energy-absorbing panel and the base frame are used to cooperate, and the three-stage protection structure of the buffer device, the energy-absorbing panel and the support frame is used to prevent the ship from colliding with the ship lock. Energy is absorbed to ensure that the main body of the lock is not damaged, and because the energy-absorbing panel is detachably connected with the support frame, the energy-absorbing panel is easy to repair and replace, thus effectively solving the problem of poor buffering efficiency and difficult repair of the ship lock protective structure The problem is to improve the impact resistance and service life of the ship lock protective structure, enhance the safety of the ship lock, and reduce the maintenance cost of the ship lock.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only of the present invention. For some embodiments, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the ship lock protection structure that the embodiment of the present invention provides;

2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram after removing an energy-absorbing panel in the ship lock protection structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an energy-absorbing panel in the I-I direction in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the energy-absorbing element and the corrugated skin in the energy-absorbing panel provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the corrugated skin in the energy-absorbing panel provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the base frame, the support frame and the buffer device in the ship lock protection structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a buffer device in a ship lock protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:

1—lock protection structure, 10—base frame, 20—support frame, 30—buffer device, 40—energy absorbing panel, 50—frame group, 31—base, 32—pressure bearing plate, 33—spring assembly, 34— Buffer sheet, 41—panel, 42—energy absorbing element, 43—corrugated skin, 311—bottom plate, 312—support plate, 313—end plate, 331—spring seat, 332—guide rod, 333—spring, 334—connection Shaft, 335—connecting arm, 400—accommodating cavity, 431—body, 432—shielding part, 500—frame, 3120—guiding hole.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another component, it may be directly on the other component or indirectly on the other component. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are for convenience of description only, rather than indicating or implying the referred device Or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on this patent, and those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to specific situations. The terms "first", "second" and so on are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of technical features. The term "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

The ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention is now described. Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the ship lock protection structure 1 includes a base frame 10, a support frame 20, a buffer device 30 and a plurality of energy-absorbing panels 40, wherein the base frame 10 is fixed on an object to be protected, such as: a lock chamber, a lock On the bow, the gate and/or the approach channel, etc., the support frame 20 is arranged at intervals on one side of the base frame 10, and the buffer device 30 is arranged between the base frame 10 and the support frame 20, that is, the support frame 20 is connected to the base frame 20 through the buffer device 30. The frame 10 is connected, and the energy-absorbing panel 40 is detachably connected with the support frame 20 , and a plurality of energy-absorbing panels 40 are respectively arranged longitudinally and transversely at intervals on a side of the support frame 20 away from the base frame 10 .

Optionally, the buffer device 30 may be a spring buffer, a hydraulic buffer or a cement buffer commonly used in the field; a plurality of energy-absorbing panels 40 may be arranged on the support frame 20 at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, respectively. It can be understood that, in addition to being used for ship lock protection, the ship lock protection structure 1 provided by the present invention can also be used in multiple fields such as dock mooring protection, elevator shaft impact protection, and rail vehicle impact protection.

When the ship lock is hit by a ship, if the impact force is small, the ship lock protective structure 1 can absorb the energy generated by the collision through the buffer device 30, thereby protecting the ship lock and the ship from damage. At this time, because the buffer device 30 has an automatic reset function, The ship lock protective structure 1 does not need to be repaired or replaced; if the impact force is large, when the buffer device 30 is compressed to the maximum threshold, the energy-absorbing panel 40 will undergo plastic deformation to absorb the energy generated by the remaining collision, thereby protecting the support frame 20, buffering The device 30 and the base frame 10 are protected from damage. At this time, it is only necessary to repair or replace the damaged energy-absorbing panel 40; Plastic deformation will occur to absorb the energy generated by the remaining collisions, so as to protect the buffer device 30 and the base frame 10 from damage. At this time, the energy-absorbing panel 40 and the support frame 20 need to be repaired or replaced. In this way, most of the energy generated during the accidental collision can be absorbed, ensuring that the main body of the lock is protected from damage.

The ship lock protection structure 1 provided by the present invention adopts the support frame 20, the buffer device 30, the energy-absorbing panel 40 to cooperate with the base frame 10, and the three-stage protection structure of the buffer device 30, the energy-absorbing panel 40 and the support frame 20 is used to prevent the ship from colliding with the ship lock. The energy generated in the process is absorbed to ensure that the main body of the lock is not damaged, and because the energy-absorbing panel 40 is detachably connected to the support frame 20, the energy-absorbing panel 40 is easy to repair and replace, thereby effectively solving the problem of buffering of the lock's protective structure. Poor efficiency and difficult to repair technical problems improve the impact resistance and service life of the ship lock protective structure, enhance the safety of the ship lock, and reduce the maintenance cost of the ship lock.

Further, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protective structure provided by the present invention, the energy-absorbing panel 40 includes two panels 41, side panels and energy-absorbing elements 42, wherein the two panels 41 The side panels are arranged at intervals and face to face, and the side panels are sandwiched between the edges of the two panels 41 , and the side panels and the two panels 41 enclose to form an accommodating space, and the energy-absorbing elements 42 are filled in the accommodating spaces. Specifically, according to actual requirements and the specific shape of the panel 41, the energy-absorbing panel 40 may include one, two or more side panels, the side panels are arranged along the periphery of the panel 41, and are symmetrically distributed with the two panels 41. The enclosure forms an accommodating space, and one, two or more energy-absorbing elements 42 can be filled in the accommodating space. When the energy-absorbing panel 40 is collided, the panel 41 squeezes the side plate and the energy-absorbing element 42 , and the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic deformation of the side plate and the energy-absorbing element 42 , thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the ship lock protective structure 1 .

Further, referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the energy-absorbing panel 40 also includes a corrugated skin 43, which is firmly connected with the panel 41, and The corrugated skin 43 divides the accommodating space into a plurality of accommodating cavities 400 , and energy-absorbing elements 42 are accommodated in the accommodating cavities 400 . Specifically, the outer profile of the panel 41 is rectangular, that is, the panel 41 has four edges, and the corrugated skin 43 includes a main body 431 and two shielding parts 432, wherein the cross-sectional profile of the main body 431 is wavy, and the outer surface of the main body 431 Bonded or welded to the inner surface of the panel 41, the two shielding parts 432 are respectively warped outwards from the opposite ends of the body 431, bonded or welded to the two edges of the panel 41, and connected to the two side plates and the two The panels 41 are enclosed together to form an airtight accommodation space. In this way, the corrugated skin 43 cooperates with the side panels to support the panel 41, which can effectively improve the ability of the energy-absorbing panel 40 to resist vertical and lateral impacts, and improve energy absorption. The stability of the structure of the panel 40; the body 431 divides the accommodating space into a plurality of accommodating cavities 400, and each accommodating cavity 400 is filled with an energy-absorbing element 42, so that when the energy-absorbing panel 40 is bumped, the corrugated The skin 43 and the energy-absorbing element 42 absorb the energy generated during the collision through their own plastic deformation, effectively protecting the support frame 20, the buffer device 30 and the base frame 10 from damage, thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the ship lock protection structure 1 .

Optionally, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protective structure provided by the present invention, the energy-absorbing element 42 is a porous solid material, that is, the energy-absorbing element 42 is made of aluminum foil honeycomb material, stainless steel foil honeycomb material, acrylic fiber corrugated paper, aluminum foam and other porous solid materials, so that the energy-absorbing element 42 has the characteristics of light weight and good energy-absorbing effect, which is conducive to reducing the overall weight of the ship lock protective structure and enhancing the cushioning performance of the ship lock protective structure 1, and due to the use of porous solid materials The finished energy-absorbing 42 has mature manufacturing technology and low cost, which reduces the maintenance cost of the ship lock protective structure 1 .

Further, please refer to FIG. 6 , as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the buffer device 30 includes a base 31 , a pressure bearing plate 32 and a spring assembly 33 , wherein the base 31 is tightly connected to the base frame 10 The pressure bearing plate 32 is firmly connected with the support frame 20, one end of the spring assembly 33 is connected with the pressure bearing plate 32, and the other end of the spring assembly 33 is connected with the base 31, so as to limit the pressure bearing plate 32 from approaching the base 31. Specifically, the buffer device 30 is a spring buffer, and a spring assembly 33 is connected between the base 31 and the pressure bearing plate 32, and the opposite ends of the spring assembly 33 can be fastened to the base 31 and the pressure bearing plate 32 respectively or Hinged, the axis of the spring assembly 33 may be perpendicular or parallel to the base 31 and the pressure bearing plate 32 respectively, which is not limited herein. When the lock protection structure 1 is collided, the pressure bearing plate 32 transmits the energy generated by the collision to the spring assembly 33, and the spring assembly 33 converts the collision energy into internal energy or heat energy through its own compression or stretching for absorption, thereby ensuring When the impact force is small, all the collision energy is absorbed, thereby protecting the ship lock protective structure 1 from collision damage.

Further, please refer to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the buffer device 30 includes two spring assemblies 33, and the two spring assemblies 33 are respectively hinged on opposite sides of the pressure bearing plate 32. Both sides; here, the base 31 includes a bottom plate 311, four support plates 312 and two end plates 313, and the spring assembly 33 includes a spring seat 331, a guide rod 332, a spring 333, two connecting shafts 334 and two connecting arms 335, wherein, the bottom plate 311 is fixed on the base frame 10, and the four support plates 312 are respectively protruded on the bottom plate 311, and each support plate 312 is provided with a guide hole 3120, and the guide hole 3120 is along the length direction of the bottom plate 311. Extending, the two end plates 313 protrude respectively on the opposite ends of the bottom plate 311, and the opposite ends of the end plates 313 are connected with the two support plates 312, and one end of the guide rod 332 is tightly connected with the spring seat 331, guiding The other end of the rod 332 is set on the end plate 313, the spring 333 is sleeved on the guide rod 332, and one end of the spring 333 is in contact with the spring seat 331, and the other end of the spring 333 is in contact with the end plate 313, and the two are connected One end of the shaft 334 is respectively fastened to the opposite sides of the spring seat 331, the other ends of the two connecting shafts 334 are respectively limited on the two guide holes 3120, and the other ends of the connecting shafts 334 can slide along the guide holes 3120, The axis of the connecting shaft 334 is perpendicular to the axis of the guide rod 332 , one ends of the two connecting arms 335 are respectively hinged to the two connecting shafts 334 , and the other ends of the two connecting arms 335 are respectively hinged to one side edge of the pressure bearing plate 32 . Specifically, the outer contour of the bottom plate 311 is rectangular, and the support plate 312 is protruded on the surface of the bottom plate 311 away from the base frame 10, and the length direction of the support plate 312 is parallel to the length direction of the bottom plate 311. The two support plates 312 1. One end plate 313 and one end of the bottom plate 311 enclose to form an accommodating groove, and the other two support plates 312, another end plate 313 and the other end of the bottom plate 311 enclose to form another accommodating groove. A spring seat 331 and two springs 333 are accommodated respectively in two accommodating grooves, and the opposite ends of the spring 333 can be abutted or welded with the spring seat 331 and the end plate 313 respectively, and one end of the guide rod 332 is connected with the spring seat 331. Welding or one-piece molding, the other end of the guide rod 332 passes through the spring 333 and the end plate 313 in sequence and is connected with a limit nut or a jumper, etc., one end of the connecting shaft 334 is welded or integrally formed with the spring seat 331, and the connecting shaft 334 The other end passes through the end of the connecting arm 335 and extends into the guide hole 3120, and is slidably connected to the support plate 312 through pulleys or bearings, that is, the other end of the connecting arm 335 is sandwiched between the spring seat 331 and the support plate 312 . When the spring 333 is a compression spring and the pressure bearing plate 32 bears an external force, the pressure bearing plate 32 gradually approaches the bottom plate 311, and drives the four connecting arms 335 hinged on the opposite side edges of the pressure bearing plate 32 to push the two spring seats respectively. 331 moves along the extension direction of the guide hole 3120, and gradually approaches the two end plates 313. At the same time, the two spring seats 331 respectively push the two springs 333 to compress along the guide rod 332, and then absorb the external force generated by the elastic deformation of the spring 333 itself. When the spring 333 is a tension spring and the pressure bearing plate 32 bears an external force, the pressure bearing plate 32 gradually approaches the bottom plate 311, and drives the four connecting arms 335 hinged on the opposite side edges of the pressure bearing plate 32 to pull respectively The two spring seats 331 move along the extension direction of the guide hole 3120, and gradually move away from the two end plates 313. At the same time, the two spring seats 331 respectively pull the two springs 333 to stretch along the guide rod 332, and then through the elasticity of the spring 333 itself, The deformation absorbs the energy generated by the external force. In this way, the pressure bearing plate 32, the spring 333 and the bottom plate 311 are parallel to each other. On the premise of ensuring the energy absorption effect, the overall height of the buffer device 30 can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the thickness of the ship lock protective structure 1, which is beneficial to the transformation of the ship lock. , expanding the scope of application of the ship lock protective structure 1.

Optionally, please refer to Fig. 7, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the spring 333 is a compression spring, and the buffer device 30 also includes two buffer pieces 34, which are sheathed on the guide rod 332, and sandwiched between the spring 333 and the end plate 313. Specifically, the buffer sheet 34 can be pasted on the surface of the end plate 313 facing the spring 333 to cooperate with the spring 333 to absorb the energy generated during the collision, and to prevent the spring 333 and the end plate 313 from generating energy during repeated contact. wear, thereby effectively prolonging the service life of the buffer device 30 .

Optionally, please refer to FIG. 6 , as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the ship lock protection structure 1 includes five buffer devices 30, and the five buffer devices 30 are respectively arranged at the middle and four sides of the base frame 10. corner. Specifically, the base frame 10 is in the shape of a square, and a buffer device 30 is provided at the four corners and the center of the base frame 10, so that the external impact force received by the base frame 10 is more balanced, thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the ship lock protection structure 1 , prolong the service life of the ship lock protective structure 1 .

Further, please refer to FIG. 2 , as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the ship lock protection structure 1 also includes a plurality of frame groups 50, and the plurality of frame groups 50 are fixed on the support frame 20 at intervals, and at the same time , at least two energy-absorbing panels 40 are combined into an energy-absorbing panel group, and the energy-absorbing panel group is detachably connected to the frame group 50 , that is, the energy-absorbing panel group is connected to the support frame 20 through the frame group 50 . Specifically, a plurality of frame groups 50 are arranged at equal intervals on the support frame 20 along the horizontal or vertical direction, and at least two energy-absorbing panels 40 arranged at equal intervals are detachably connected to each frame group 50, which is beneficial to Energy absorbing panels 40 are installed and maintained.

Optionally, please refer to Fig. 2, as a specific embodiment of the ship lock protection structure provided by the present invention, the frame group 50 includes two frames 500, and meanwhile, the opposite side edges of the energy-absorbing panel 40 are respectively connected to the two frames 500 on. Specifically, the frame 500 can be connected to the support frame 20 through bolts and nuts, or welded to the support frame 20, and the opposite side edges of the energy-absorbing panel 40 are connected to the two frames 500 through bolts and nuts, so that The connection between the energy-absorbing panel 40 and the support frame 20 is more firm and reliable, which improves the ability of the energy-absorbing panel 40 to resist vertical and lateral impacts.

Optionally, in the ship lock protective structure 1 provided by the present invention, each component is made of anti-rust material or the surface is covered with a chemical coating layer, thereby preventing the corrosion of water and steam, and effectively prolonging the use of the ship lock protective structure 1 life.

The above are only optional embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Ship lock protective structure, is characterized in that, comprises: pedestal; A support frame is arranged at intervals on one side of the base frame; a buffer device disposed between the base frame and the support frame; and A plurality of energy-absorbing panels are detachably connected to the support frame, and the plurality of energy-absorbing panels are respectively arranged longitudinally and transversely at intervals on a side of the support frame away from the base frame. 2. The ship lock protective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said energy-absorbing panel comprises: Two panels, spaced apart and facing each other; a side panel, sandwiched between the edges of the two panels; and enclosed with the two panels to form an accommodating space; and The energy absorbing element is filled in the accommodating space. 3. The ship lock protective structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the energy-absorbing panel further comprises: The corrugated skin is fastened to the panel, and divides the accommodation space into a plurality of accommodation chambers, and the energy-absorbing element is accommodated in the accommodation chambers. 4. The ship lock protection structure according to claim 3, wherein the energy absorbing element is a porous solid material. 5. The ship lock protective structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said buffer device comprises: The base is fastened to the base frame; a pressure bearing plate, fastened to the support frame; and A spring assembly, one end of the spring assembly is connected to the pressure bearing plate, and the other end of the spring assembly is connected to the base, so as to limit the pressure bearing plate from approaching the base. 6. The ship lock protection structure according to claim 5, wherein the buffer device comprises two spring assemblies, and the two spring assemblies are respectively hinged on opposite sides of the pressure bearing plate; the base include: a base plate fixed on the base frame; Four support plates are protruding from the bottom plate respectively, and guide holes extending along the length direction of the bottom plate are opened on the support plate; and Two end plates are respectively protruding from opposite ends of the bottom plate, and the opposite ends of the end plates are connected to the two support plates; The spring assembly includes: spring seat; A guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fastened to the spring seat, and the other end of the guide rod is passed through the end plate; A spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and one end of the spring is in contact with the spring seat, and the other end of the spring is in contact with the end plate; Two connecting shafts, one end of the two connecting shafts are fastened to the opposite sides of the spring seat, and the other ends of the two connecting shafts are respectively limited on the two guide holes and can be moved along the guide holes. sliding, the axis of the connecting shaft is perpendicular to the axis of the guide rod; and Two connecting arms, one end of the two connecting arms is respectively hinged to the two connecting shafts, and the other end of the two connecting arms is respectively hinged to one side edge of the pressure bearing plate. 7. The ship lock protection structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spring is a compression spring, and the buffer device further comprises: Two buffer pieces, the buffer pieces are sheathed on the guide rod and sandwiched between the spring and the end plate. 8. The ship lock protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes five buffer devices, and the five buffer devices are respectively arranged at the middle and four corners of the base frame . 9. The ship lock protection structure according to claim 8, further comprising a plurality of frame groups, a plurality of frame groups are fixed on the support frame at intervals, at least two of the energy-absorbing panels are combined to form an energy-absorbing panel. A panel set, the energy-absorbing panel set is detachably connected to the frame set. 10. The ship lock protection structure according to claim 9, wherein the frame group comprises: For two frames, opposite side edges of the energy-absorbing panel are respectively connected to the two frames.