CN110249087B - 改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途 - Google Patents

改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途 Download PDF

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CN110249087B
CN110249087B CN201880009088.XA CN201880009088A CN110249087B CN 110249087 B CN110249087 B CN 110249087B CN 201880009088 A CN201880009088 A CN 201880009088A CN 110249087 B CN110249087 B CN 110249087B
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C·汉普森
O·卡拉汉
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Abstract

本发明涉及包含纤维素水解糖和无机氨盐的改进的可固化粘合剂组合物,使用它们制备的产品和制备这种产品的方法。本发明的粘合剂在干燥和潮湿条件下显示出改进的粘结强度。

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改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途
本发明涉及新的改进的粘合剂组合物,更具体地,在由非组装或松散组装的物质的集合体制造产品中使用的可固化的粘合剂组合物。例如,这些粘合剂组合物可用于制造纤维产品,所述纤维产品可由织造或无纺纤维制成。在一个示例性实施方案中,所述粘合剂组合物用于粘合玻璃纤维以制造玻璃丝。在另一个示例性的实施方案中,所述粘合剂组合物用于在毡制层,例如绝缘产品内粘合矿棉纤维,例如玻璃棉或岩棉。在另一个实施方案中,粘合剂用于制造具有所需物理性质(例如,机械强度)的例如木纤维板、颗粒板或定向刨花板(OSB)。此外,粘合剂可用于组装纤维素材料片,例如制造胶合板的木片。本发明进一步扩展到使用所述粘合剂组合物粘合松散组装的物质的方法,以及由本发明的粘合剂粘合的由松散组装的物质制成的复合产品。
最近开发了几种不含甲醛的粘合剂组合物。一种这样的可固化粘合剂组合物涉及可持续材料,并且基于含氮化合物(例如无机酸或多元羧酸的铵盐、或胺优选多胺)与还原糖的缩合产物作为热固性材料。与先前的甲醛基化学品相比,这些化学品显示出一些优点。
本发明试图提供一种改进的可固化粘合剂组合物,其适用于粘结物质组装件,所述物质包括矿物纤维、合成纤维和天然纤维、颗粒物质如沙子或天然或合成颗粒材料、纤维素颗粒或片材,其显示改进的机械性能。目的是提供基于可再生和/或可持续资源的改进的粘合剂组合物。此外,本发明寻求提供快速固化成强粘合剂的粘合剂组合物。
根据另一方面,本发明试图提供一种复合产品,所述复合产品包括由粘合剂粘结的物质组装件,所述粘合剂由上述粘合剂组合物的固化得到。
根据另一方面,本发明试图提供一种制备如上所述的复合产品的方法。该方法应具有成本效益,适合大批量生产。
本发明现在提供可固化粘合剂组合物、产品及其制备方法。
现已发现,包含纤维素水解糖和无机酸与氨的盐的可固化粘合剂组合物在固化时显示出特别好的机械性能,并且特别适合于粘结如上所述的物质组装件。在固化时,这种粘合剂组合物产生高度交联的树脂,其赋予根据本发明的物质组装件改善的粘结强度。这些聚合物可通过本领域公知的技术分析,包括测定分子量和其它已知的技术。
本发明的复合产品包括物质组装件,所述物质组装件包括通过粘合剂粘结在一起的矿物纤维、合成纤维或天然纤维、纤维素纤维、纤维素颗粒或片材、天然或合成颗粒材料,所述粘合剂通过使如上所述的组合物经受固化条件而获得。所述粘合剂组合物还可包含一些由纤维素水解产物的糖类和无机铵盐交联剂之间的交联得到的反应产物。
本发明的复合产品可以通过将本发明的粘合剂组合物施涂在纤维或颗粒物质上并使所得产品经受固化条件来制备。
已经发现,当将如上定义的水性可固化粘合剂组合物施涂在玻璃纤维薄毡上时,一旦固化,特别是在风化后其显示出高的粘结强度。与现有技术的热固性粘合剂相比,风化后粘结强度的损失显著减少。
不受理论束缚,据信在纤维素水解后获得的单糖和低聚糖与无机铵盐一起组合特别适合作为可固化的粘合剂组合物,其赋予含有它的复合产品,在固化后高或甚至改善的干粘结强度和显著改善的湿粘结强度。
本发明的粘合剂组合物和由其制备的粘合剂基本上不含甲醛(基于组合物的重量包含小于约1ppm的甲醛)并且不释放显著量的甲醛。
本发明的组合物显然可进一步包括偶联剂、染料、抗真菌剂、抗细菌剂、疏水物和本领域已知的用于这种粘合剂应用的其他添加剂,如果适当的话。含硅偶联剂典型地通常以约0.1至约1重量%的范围存在于这种粘合剂内,基于粘合剂组合物内的固体重量。显然选择这些添加剂,例如没有抵消粘合剂的粘合性能,也没有抵消含这种粘合剂组合物的最终产品或由其生产的粘合剂的机械和其他所需性能,且有利地符合严格的环境和健康有关的要求。
根据本发明,术语“粘合剂组合物”没有特别限制,且通常包括或者原样或者固化时,能粘结松散组装物质的任何组合物。该粘合剂组合物优选是水性的非固化组合物,其包括形成热固性粘合剂树脂的起始材料,和可能地由至少一部分相关起始材料反应或部分反应得到的反应产物,和可能地添加剂。然而,粘合剂组合物也可以是固体,在热的作用下发生缩合。在一些特定的应用,其中水在所述固化过程中难以蒸发;或者在水的存在可能对待粘结的颗粒或纤维产生有害影响的应用中,固体粘合剂组合物可能是优选的。
本文中所使用的术语“水性”没有特别限制且通常涉及基于水作为溶剂的溶液和/或分散体。所述术语进一步包括含有水和一种或多种额外溶剂的组合物或混合物。本发明的“水性粘合剂组合物”可以是一种或多种所述粘合剂组分的溶液或部分溶液,或者可以是分散体,例如乳液或悬浮液。
本文所用的术语“粘合剂组合物”是指施涂于待粘合物质和/或存在于待粘合物质上的所有成分,特别是在固化之前(除物质和物质中含有的任何水分外),包括纤维素水解糖、任何无机铵盐交联剂和任何添加剂,以及可能的溶剂(包括水)。
术语“粘合剂”在本文中用于表示由“粘合剂组合物”获得的热固性粘合剂树脂。
术语“固化”是指粘合剂组合物的组分经受了导致化学变化的条件,例如共价结合、氢键结合和化学交联,这可以增加固化产物的耐久性和耐溶剂性,并产生热固性材料。
本文所用的术语“粘合剂组合物的干重”是指粘合剂组合物的所有组分的重量,而不存在任何水(无论是液态水形式还是结晶水形式)。
本文所用的术语“交联剂”包括能够与纤维素水解产物的碳水化合物组分反应以形成所述碳水化合物组分的衍生物或网状物的化合物。
本文所用的术语“无机铵盐”是指无机酸与氨的盐。实例是硫酸铵和磷酸铵,更具体地是磷酸二铵。
本文所用的术语“纤维素水解糖”是指可通过纤维素材料的水解获得的碳水化合物组合物。纤维素材料含有纤维素和半纤维素。纤维素是由6-碳糖单元组成的线性多糖,其构成植物细胞壁的主要部分,天然存在于棉花和木棉等纤维产品中,并且是许多制成品(例如纸)的原料。半纤维素是由5-碳糖单元组成的多糖,并且与纤维素一起存在于植物细胞壁中。虽然纤维素强度高并且耐水解,但是半纤维素不太稳定并且更容易水解。应理解,水解糖组成随原料、纤维素和半纤维素之间的平衡以及水解过程(包括酸水解和酶水解)和工艺条件而变化。这种水解产物主要包含还原糖。因此,水解糖组合物包含单糖、右旋糖和木糖、二糖和多糖。组合物中这些组分中每一种的浓度可取决于用于水解目的的原料、水解过程和工艺条件。本文的碳水化合物的实例是葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖、葡聚糖、甘露聚糖和木聚糖。
有利地,用于水解的纤维素原料可选自甘蔗渣、棉纤维、植物材料、木材、纸废料或其混合物。在其他来源中,不可回收的家庭垃圾可用作纤维素材料的来源。水解产物的糖的组成显然取决于所用源或废物的性质以及所应用的水解过程和工艺条件。纤维素水解糖可构成本发明粘合剂组合物的碳水化合物组分的10至100重量%(基于干重)、优选50 至100重量%、或60至100重量%、更优选70至100重量%、或80 至100重量%、最优选90至100重量%或甚至95至100重量%。
本发明粘合剂组合物的碳水化合物组分可包含1至95重量%的葡萄糖和0.5至15重量%的木糖,优选1至10重量%的木糖,其余为果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和/或多糖组分,例如葡聚糖和/或如木聚糖。可能存在的其他多糖是阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖和/或甘露聚糖。在所述碳水化合物组分中,多糖含量可在1-90重量%、优选3-20重量%或3-15 重量%或3-10重量%之间变化。应理解,取决于原料和加工,多糖组分是不同聚合度的多糖的混合物,其为2至20,优选2至15,平均聚合度为3至7,优选3至5;这意味着聚合度较低的多糖显示出较高的浓度。
优选地,碳水化合物组分包含1至90重量%的葡萄糖和/或葡聚糖, 0.5至15重量%的木糖,优选1至10重量%的木糖,其余为果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡聚糖、木聚糖、阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖和/或甘露聚糖。
基于水性粘合剂组合物的总重量,本发明的水性粘合剂组合物的固体含量可以为5至95重量%,有利地为8至90重量%,优选10至85 重量%。更具体地,当用作矿棉绝缘产品的粘合剂时,水性粘合剂组合物的固体含量可以为5至25重量%,优选8至20重量%,更优选10 至20重量%或甚至12至18重量%,基于水性粘合剂组合物的总重量。当用作木板(例如胶合板、颗粒板、纤维板)中的粘合剂时,水性粘合剂组合物的固体含量可以为50至95重量%,优选50至90重量%,更优选55至85重量%,或甚至60至80重量%,基于水性粘合剂组合物的总重量。
本发明粘合剂组合物中的组分可以独立地运输并在相关制造装置中使用之前立即混合。也可以在预反应阶段中原样运输粘合剂组合物。
可使用本发明的粘合剂粘结非组装或松散组装的物质的集合体。该物质集合体包括含选自矿物纤维,其中包括但不限于矿渣棉纤维、岩棉纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、陶瓷纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚酯纤维、人造丝纤维和纤维素纤维中的纤维的任何物质集合体。物质集合体的进一步的实例包括粒状物,例如沙子、煤、纤维素颗粒、刨花、锯屑、木浆、粉碎木材、碎木片、木材刨花、木层、其他天然纤维(例如黄麻、亚麻、大麻、稻草)、薄木片,夹心面板和其他颗粒材料、织造或无纺纤维材料。根据本发明的具体实施方案,物质集合体选自木材颗粒和矿物纤维。
在一个示意性的实施方案中,可使用本发明的粘合剂组合物制造含矿物纤维的绝缘产品。在这一应用中,纤维粘结在一起,使得它们在纤维垫中组织,然后可将其加工成绝缘产品,例如基于玻璃棉或石棉。在这一应用中,纤维通常以70至99重量%的量存在。
本发明的粘合剂组合物也可用于制造无纺纤维薄毡,例如,玻璃纤维薄毡,可以在电池隔膜中找到其应用,作为屋顶产品如屋顶膜或木瓦的基材,或其他膜。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,可使用该粘合剂粘结纤维素颗粒,例如纤维素纤维、木材刨花、木层或片材、木浆和常用于制造复合木板,其中包括纤维板、刨花板、定向刨花板、胶合板等的其他材料。这种木板显示出范围为6至30mm的标称厚度和至少约1000N/mm2的弹性模量,至少约5N/mm2的弯曲强度和/或至少0.10N/mm2的内部粘结强度。在这一应用中,在最终木板内的粘合剂含量范围可以是约5至30重量%,相对于木板的总重量,尤其9至20%。
本发明的粘合剂还可用于粘合用于制造过滤器例如油过滤器的纤维垫中的纤维素纤维。
根据本发明,可按照本身已知的方式,将该水性粘合剂组合物施加到纤维或粒状材料或片材材料上。可优选通过喷洒施加,施加粘合剂组合物。其他技术包括辊施加或与粘合剂组合物一起混合和/或翻滚物质集合体。当水蒸发时,所述水性粘合剂组合物形成将粒状材料粘结在一起的凝胶,当在所需的组装件内排列时,正如本文中以下进一步详述的。当固化时,引起反应性粘合剂组分反应,形成基本上水不溶的大分子粘合剂树脂。与未固化的粘合剂相比,固化因此赋予增加的粘合性,耐久性和耐水性。可在环境温度(约10至25℃)和一直到280℃之间的温度下进行固化。
然后可在合适的工艺步骤中进一步加工所得产品,制造中间体或最终产品,其中包括但不限于,绝缘产品或木板。更具体地,纤维或纤维素颗粒或片材的组装件的制造方法可包括(i)提供(a)纤维素水解产物, (ii)提供适量的(b)无机铵盐,(iii)依次或同时施涂(a)和(b),可能作为含(a)和(b)的水性组合物和可能通过(b)交联的(a)到纤维或粒状材料或片材材料上,生产树脂化材料,和(v)使所得树脂化材料经受固化条件和允许过量水蒸发。
在范围为90-200℃,优选高于140℃,更优选低于190℃,典型地 160℃至180℃的温度下进行固化。在木板的制造中,在材料进行挤压的同时进行固化。
以下在实施例中,参考附图更详细地解释本发明,其中:
图1显示了与标准葡萄糖基粘合剂组合物相比的本发明样品1的拉伸强度;
图2显示了与标准葡萄糖基粘合剂组合物相比的发明样品2、3和 4的拉伸强度数据;
图3显示了与葡萄糖基粘合剂组合物相比的发明样品5的拉伸强度数据;和
图4显示了与标准葡萄糖基粘合剂组合物相比的本发明样品12的拉伸强度数据。
实施例1
制备包含纤维素水解产物和硫酸铵的本发明粘合剂组合物,其比例为85份总糖时使用15份硫酸铵。通过酶消化家庭垃圾中含有的纤维素材料获得纤维素水解产物,并显示以下组成(以重量份计):
Figure BDA0002148112110000071
为了比较的目的,制备了包含相同比例的右旋糖和硫酸铵的粘合剂组合物。
在600℃下,将商业脲醛树脂浸渍的(A4大小)玻璃纤维薄毡置于马弗炉烘箱内30分钟,以便烧掉PF粘合剂,然后允许冷却30分钟。称重所得薄毡样品。
将约400g粘合剂样品(2%固体)倾倒在浸没托盘内,并将所得薄毡样品仔细地完全浸没在相关粘合剂溶液内。浸渍的薄毡在190℃下固化所需的时间段(0-600秒)。然后如下所述测量粘合剂含量并测定拉伸强度。
借助机械测试仪器(M350-10CT),测定相关固化的粘合剂浸渍的薄毡的拉伸强度。对于每一试验来说,将固化粘合剂浸渍的A4薄毡切割成8个同样的长条。使用50Kg的负载池(DBBMTCL-50kg),在由 winTest分析软件控制的10mm/min的自动化试验速度下,独立地测试每一长条。将玻璃薄毡的拉伸板固定到测试机上,以确保板之间100mm 的间隙。将样品垂直置于夹持器内,并扣除皮重后的力为0。通过软件,评价各种参数,例如峰值最大负载,峰值应力和峰值模量,并作为8个样品的平均值形式列出数据和标准偏差。平均最大峰值负载或峰值应力被定义为拉伸强度。
这些图显示强度随着粘合的进行而提高。从相关样品的图中可以看出,与包含相同总糖量的葡萄糖基粘合剂相比,基于纤维素水解产物的粘合剂组合物赋予相似或改善的强度。
进一步发现,与标准葡萄糖基粘合剂组合物相比,本发明粘合剂组合物的干粘结强度显著提高,两种组合物具有相同的总糖量。

Claims (19)

1.一种可固化粘合剂组合物,包含碳水化合物组分和无机酸与氨的盐,其中所述碳水化合物组分至少部分地由纤维素水解糖组成,所述纤维素水解糖包含单糖、二糖和多糖,所述单糖包括右旋糖和木糖,其中所述碳水化合物组分包含1至95重量%的葡萄糖和0.5至15重量%的木糖,其余为果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和/或多糖组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述纤维素水解糖占所述碳水化合物组分的10-100重量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述组合物是水性的并且包含基于水性粘合剂组合物总重量的5至95重量%的固体含量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述组合物包含基于水性粘合剂组合物总重量的5至25重量%的固体含量。
5.根据权利要求3所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述组合物包含基于水性粘合剂组合物总重量的50至95重量%的固体含量。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述碳水化合物组分包含1至10重量%的木糖。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述多糖组分包括阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖和/或甘露聚糖。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述多糖含量为1-90重量%。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述多糖组分是不同聚合度的多糖的混合物,所述聚合度为2至20,平均聚合度为3至7。
10.根据前述权利要求1或2所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,还包含偶联剂、染料、抗真菌剂、抗细菌剂和疏水物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的可固化粘合剂组合物,其中其包含含硅偶联剂,基于粘合剂组合物中固体的重量,含量为0.1至1%。
12.一种物质组装件,所述组装件包含通过下列物质粘合在一起的合成纤维或天然纤维、纤维素颗粒或片材:权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可固化粘合剂组合物和/或由权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可固化粘合剂组合物的碳水化合物组分与无机氨盐缩合产生的反应产物、或通过权利要求1至11中任一项所述的可固化粘合剂组合物经受固化条件获得的粘合剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的物质组装件,其是绝缘产品,包括70-99重量%的矿物纤维粘结在一起使得它们在纤维垫中组织以加工成绝缘产品。
14.根据权利要求12所述的物质组装件,其为无纺纤维薄毡,用于电池隔膜,作为屋顶产品的基材,或其他膜。
15.根据权利要求12所述的物质组装件,其为粘结砂颗粒,纤维素纤维、木材刨花、木层或木板或木浆,其中所述粘合剂含量为相对于物质组件的总重量的5-30%重量。
16.根据权利要求15所述的物质组装件,其为选自纤维板、刨花板、定向刨花板或胶合板的复合木板。
17.一种制备权利要求12-16中任一项所述的物质组装件的方法,所述方法包括(i)提供至少部分由纤维素水解糖组成的碳水化合物组分(a),(ii)提供适量的无机铵盐(b),(iii)依次或同时施涂(a)和(b)到颗粒状或片材上生产树脂化材料,其中(a)和(b)为含(a)和(b)的水性组合物或为通过(b)交联的(a)和(v)使所得树脂化材料经受固化条件和让过量水蒸发。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中固化在90-200℃的温度下进行。
19.纤维素水解糖作为糖组分在包含碳水化合物组分和无机酸与氨的盐的可固化粘合剂组合物中的用途,以改善包含通过所述可固化粘合剂组合物和/或由所述可固化粘合剂组合物的碳水化合物组分和无机氨盐的缩合和/或固化产生的反应产物粘合在一起的合成或天然纤维、纤维素颗粒或片材的物质组件的干和/或湿强度,其中所述碳水化合物组分包含1至95重量%的葡萄糖和0.5至15重量%的木糖,其余为果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和/或多糖组分。
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