CN110237554A - A falling film evaporation system and method - Google Patents
A falling film evaporation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110237554A CN110237554A CN201910611967.6A CN201910611967A CN110237554A CN 110237554 A CN110237554 A CN 110237554A CN 201910611967 A CN201910611967 A CN 201910611967A CN 110237554 A CN110237554 A CN 110237554A
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- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYSPYMZQPCKKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mn].[Mo].[Co].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mn].[Mo].[Co].[Ni].[Cu] YYSPYMZQPCKKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOVURSJMNQYNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium oxygen(2-) silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+4].[Al+3] UOVURSJMNQYNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及蒸发设备技术领域，公开了一种降膜蒸发系统及方法，包括蒸发器；蒸发器包括筒体和换热管，筒体内部上方横置设有上管板，筒体内部下方横置设有下管板，换热管固定设置在上管板和下管板之间；上管板和/或下管板上设有第一通孔，第一通孔的直径大于换热管的外径，换热管的顶端和/或底端从第一通孔中穿出；换热管外部在第一通孔处的间隙通过汽封密封。本发明提供的一种降膜蒸发系统及方法，通过设置换热管的端部与管板之间采用间隙配合连接，使得换热管可沿轴向方向上下自由伸缩，避免了温度应力冲击，提高蒸发系统的使用寿命；且该换热管的连接结构无需另外设置其他部件，结构简单，便于安装。
The invention relates to the technical field of evaporation equipment, and discloses a falling film evaporation system and method, including an evaporator; A lower tube plate is provided, and the heat exchange tubes are fixedly arranged between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate; the upper tube plate and/or the lower tube plate are provided with a first through hole, and the diameter of the first through hole is larger than that of the heat exchange tube The top and/or bottom ends of the heat exchange tube pass through the first through hole; the gap outside the heat exchange tube at the first through hole is sealed by a steam seal. In the falling film evaporation system and method provided by the present invention, the gap fit connection between the end of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is arranged so that the heat exchange tube can freely expand and contract up and down in the axial direction, avoiding the impact of temperature stress, The service life of the evaporation system is improved; and the connection structure of the heat exchange tube does not need to be provided with other components, and the structure is simple and easy to install.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蒸发设备技术领域，特别是涉及一种降膜蒸发系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of evaporation equipment, in particular to a falling film evaporation system and method.
背景技术Background technique
传统蒸发换热设备存在温度应力破坏问题。由于蒸发器的换热管与筒体同时受到温度变化影响，换热管和筒体受到的拉伸膨胀量是不同的，因此，往往需要在筒体上设置波纹管补偿器，以抵消膨胀过程不同步带来的差异，降低对蒸发器的应力破坏。Traditional evaporative heat exchange equipment has the problem of temperature stress damage. Since the heat exchange tube and the cylinder of the evaporator are affected by temperature changes at the same time, the tensile expansion of the heat exchange tube and the cylinder is different. Therefore, it is often necessary to install a bellows compensator on the cylinder to offset the expansion process. The difference caused by asynchrony reduces the stress damage to the evaporator.
蒸发工序作为工业生产过程的高耗能操作单元，在制盐行业蒸发能耗占比更大，蒸发能耗成本占总成本的70％以上。蒸发相变过程在换热管内等位置，因大量溶剂蒸发引起成垢离子快速过饱和而析出成垢，对蒸发器危害巨大，蒸发表面结垢会导致换热效率急剧下降，能耗损失急剧上升。据统计，每增加1毫米的水垢，会导致换热效率降低10％-20％，煤的消耗增加1.5％-2％，甚至更多。每年因换热器结垢造成的损失巨大，而且水垢会减小管道的流通截面积，降低流通介质的流量和效率，还会因腐蚀导致管道穿孔，造成破坏性事故。As a high-energy-consuming operation unit in the industrial production process, the evaporation process accounts for a larger proportion of evaporation energy consumption in the salt industry, and the evaporation energy consumption cost accounts for more than 70% of the total cost. During the evaporation phase change process, in the heat exchange tube and other positions, due to the rapid supersaturation of scale-forming ions caused by the evaporation of a large amount of solvent, scale is precipitated and scaled, which is extremely harmful to the evaporator. Scaling on the evaporation surface will lead to a sharp drop in heat exchange efficiency and a sharp increase in energy consumption loss . According to statistics, every increase of 1 mm of scale will reduce the heat exchange efficiency by 10%-20%, and the coal consumption will increase by 1.5%-2%, or even more. The annual loss due to fouling of heat exchangers is huge, and scale will reduce the flow cross-sectional area of the pipeline, reduce the flow rate and efficiency of the flow medium, and cause pipeline perforation due to corrosion, causing destructive accidents.
传统蒸发换热设备为避免温度应力破坏问题往往需要在筒体上设置波纹管补偿器，导致结构复杂，不便于连接安装的问题。In order to avoid the problem of temperature stress damage in traditional evaporative heat exchange equipment, it is often necessary to install bellows compensators on the cylinder, resulting in complex structures and inconvenient connection and installation problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明的目的是提供一种降膜蒸发系统及方法，用于解决或部分解决传统蒸发换热设备为避免温度应力破坏问题往往需要在筒体上设置波纹管补偿器，导致结构复杂，不便于连接安装的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a falling film evaporation system and method, which is used to solve or partly solve the problem that traditional evaporation heat exchange equipment often needs to be equipped with a bellows compensator on the cylinder to avoid temperature stress damage, resulting in a complex structure and inconvenient Problem with connection installation.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
为了解决上述技术问题，根据本发明第一方面，提供一种降膜蒸发系统，包括蒸发器；所述蒸发器包括筒体和换热管，所述筒体内部上方横置设有上管板，所述筒体内部下方横置设有下管板，所述换热管固定设置在所述上管板和下管板之间；所述上管板和/或所述下管板上设有第一通孔，所述第一通孔的直径大于所述换热管的外径，所述换热管的顶端和/或底端从所述第一通孔中穿出；所述换热管外部在所述第一通孔处的间隙通过汽封密封。In order to solve the above technical problems, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a falling film evaporation system is provided, including an evaporator; the evaporator includes a cylinder and heat exchange tubes, and an upper tube plate is arranged horizontally above the inside of the cylinder , a lower tube plate is arranged horizontally below the interior of the cylinder, and the heat exchange tubes are fixedly arranged between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate; the upper tube plate and/or the lower tube plate are provided with There is a first through hole, the diameter of the first through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube, and the top and/or bottom end of the heat exchange tube pass through the first through hole; The gap outside the heat pipe at the first through hole is sealed by a vapor seal.
在上述方案的基础上，所述换热管的内壁上设有碳纳米管涂层，所述碳纳米管涂层从所述换热管的内壁表面至中心部位依次包括金属氧化物层，以及液态金属层结合碳纳米管层。On the basis of the above solution, the inner wall of the heat exchange tube is provided with a carbon nanotube coating, and the carbon nanotube coating sequentially includes a metal oxide layer from the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube to the center, and The liquid metal layer is combined with the carbon nanotube layer.
在上述方案的基础上，所述筒体内部、所述上管板的上方设有分布器，所述分布器包括若干个平行设置的分布板，所述分布板横置在所述筒体中且所述分布板上均匀设有若干个第二通孔。On the basis of the above solution, a distributor is provided inside the cylinder and above the upper tube sheet, and the distributor includes several distribution plates arranged in parallel, and the distribution plates are placed horizontally in the cylinder And the distribution plate is evenly provided with several second through holes.
在上述方案的基础上，所述蒸发器还包括至少一个折流板；所述折流板设置在所述上管板和所述下管板之间，所述折流板上设有若干个第三通孔，换热管从第三通孔中穿过且与所述折流板固定连接。On the basis of the above solution, the evaporator also includes at least one baffle; the baffle is arranged between the upper tube sheet and the lower tube sheet, and several The third through hole, the heat exchange tube passes through the third through hole and is fixedly connected with the baffle.
在上述方案的基础上，还包括：压缩机、分离器、循环泵和冷凝罐；所述分离器底部的液体出口与所述循环泵的进口相连，所述循环泵的出口与所述筒体顶部的第一进口相连；所述分离器顶部的气体出口与所述压缩机的进口相连，所述压缩机的出口与所述筒体侧壁上位于所述上管板和下管板之间的第二进口相连；所述筒体侧壁上所述下管板的下方设有第一出口，所述第一出口连通于所述分离器；所述筒体侧壁上所述上管板和下管板之间的下方还设有第二出口，所述第二出口连通于所述冷凝罐。On the basis of the above scheme, it also includes: a compressor, a separator, a circulation pump and a condensation tank; the liquid outlet at the bottom of the separator is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, and the outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the cylinder The first inlet at the top is connected; the gas outlet at the top of the separator is connected to the inlet of the compressor, and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the side wall of the cylinder between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate connected to the second inlet; the side wall of the cylinder is provided with a first outlet below the lower tube sheet, and the first outlet is connected to the separator; the upper tube sheet on the side wall of the cylinder A second outlet is also provided below the lower tube plate, and the second outlet communicates with the condensation tank.
在上述方案的基础上，所述筒体侧壁上所述上管板和下管板之间还设有第三进口，所述第三进口用于通入外界蒸汽；所述筒体的底端面上设有第三出口，所述第三出口连通于所述分离器；所述分离器上或所述分离器与所述循环泵之间的管道上设有进料口。On the basis of the above scheme, a third inlet is also provided between the upper tube sheet and the lower tube sheet on the side wall of the cylinder, and the third inlet is used to introduce external steam; the bottom of the cylinder A third outlet is provided on the end face, and the third outlet communicates with the separator; a feed inlet is provided on the separator or on a pipeline between the separator and the circulating pump.
在上述方案的基础上，所述压缩机的进口管道以及出口管道上，所述循环泵的进口管道以及出口管道上，以及所述筒体与所述分离器之间的管道上分别设有波纹管补偿器。On the basis of the above scheme, the inlet pipe and outlet pipe of the compressor, the inlet pipe and outlet pipe of the circulation pump, and the pipe between the cylinder and the separator are respectively provided with corrugated tube compensator.
在上述方案的基础上，所述换热管外部与所述筒体之间的蒸汽压力大于所述换热管内部的压力，且压力差为30-80kPA；所述第一通孔的直径与所述换热管的外径之差为0.1-0.4mm；所述第二通孔的直径为6-12mm；所述换热管的外径为25-57mm；所述换热管的径高比为1/50-1/150；所述换热管内部物料的流速为10-30m/s。On the basis of the above solution, the vapor pressure between the outside of the heat exchange tube and the cylinder body is greater than the pressure inside the heat exchange tube, and the pressure difference is 30-80kPA; the diameter of the first through hole is the same as The difference between the outer diameters of the heat exchange tubes is 0.1-0.4mm; the diameter of the second through hole is 6-12mm; the outer diameter of the heat exchange tubes is 25-57mm; the diameter of the heat exchange tubes is The ratio is 1/50-1/150; the flow velocity of the material inside the heat exchange tube is 10-30m/s.
根据本发明第二方面，提供一种降膜蒸发方法，利用上述任一方案所述的降膜蒸发系统，包括：在换热管外部与筒体之间的壳程空间与换热管内部的管程空间之间形成压差；向分离器内加入物料，在物料液位达到第一预设值时，启动循环泵按照预设流速将物料注入管程空间；继续向分离器内加入物料，在物料液位达到第二预设值时，停止加料。According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a falling film evaporation method, using the falling film evaporation system described in any of the above schemes, including: the shell side space between the outside of the heat exchange tube and the cylinder and the space inside the heat exchange tube A pressure difference is formed between the tube-side spaces; materials are added to the separator, and when the material level reaches the first preset value, the circulating pump is started to inject the materials into the tube-side space according to the preset flow rate; continue to add materials into the separator, When the liquid level of the material reaches the second preset value, the feeding is stopped.
在上述方案的基础上，在换热管外部与筒体之间的壳程空间与换热管内部的管程空间之间形成压差，具体包括：在压缩机为螺杆或罗茨型式时，启动压缩机，并通过压缩机的运行在壳程空间和管程空间之间形成压差；在压缩机为离心型式时，启动压缩机，同时向壳程空间输入外界蒸汽，以形成压差。On the basis of the above scheme, a pressure difference is formed between the shell-side space between the outside of the heat exchange tube and the cylinder and the tube-side space inside the heat exchange tube, specifically including: when the compressor is a screw or Roots type, Start the compressor, and form a pressure difference between the shell side space and the tube side space through the operation of the compressor; when the compressor is a centrifugal type, start the compressor, and at the same time input external steam into the shell side space to form a pressure difference.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明提供的一种降膜蒸发系统及方法，通过设置换热管的端部与管板之间采用间隙配合连接，使得换热管可沿轴向方向上下自由伸缩，避免了温度应力冲击，提高蒸发系统的使用寿命；且该换热管的连接结构无需另外设置其他部件，结构简单，便于安装。In the falling film evaporation system and method provided by the present invention, the gap fit connection between the end of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is arranged so that the heat exchange tube can freely expand and contract up and down in the axial direction, avoiding the impact of temperature stress, The service life of the evaporation system is improved; and the connection structure of the heat exchange tube does not need to be provided with other components, and the structure is simple and easy to install.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中蒸发器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of evaporator in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中碳纳米管涂层的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of carbon nanotube coating in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中降膜蒸发系统的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a falling film evaporation system in an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1—蒸发器； 2—压缩机； 3—分离器；1—evaporator; 2—compressor; 3—separator;
4—冷凝罐； 5—循环泵； 6—蒸汽阀门；4—condensation tank; 5—circulation pump; 6—steam valve;
101—第一进口； 102—上管箱； 103—分布器；101—first inlet; 102—upper pipe box; 103—distributor;
104—上管板； 105—主体蒸发段； 106—第二进口；104—upper tube sheet; 105—main evaporation section; 106—second inlet;
107—第三进口； 108—折流板； 109—换热管；107—the third inlet; 108—baffle; 109—heat exchange tube;
110—金属氧化物层； 111—液态金属层； 112—碳纳米管层；110—metal oxide layer; 111—liquid metal layer; 112—carbon nanotube layer;
113—第二出口； 114—下管板； 115—第一出口；113—the second outlet; 114—the lower tube sheet; 115—the first outlet;
116—下管箱； 117—第三出口。116—down pipe box; 117—the third exit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
本发明实施例提供一种降膜蒸发系统，参考图1，包括蒸发器1；蒸发器1包括筒体和换热管109，筒体内部上方横置设有上管板104，筒体内部下方横置设有下管板114，换热管109通过上管板104和下管板114固定。筒体内部空间被上管板104和下管板114分为了三段。且上管板104和下管板114与筒体的内侧壁密封连接使得筒体内的三段空间相互隔离。换热管109设置在筒体内部的中段，且分别与筒体内的上段和下段连通。The embodiment of the present invention provides a falling film evaporation system. Referring to FIG. 1 , it includes an evaporator 1; A lower tube plate 114 is arranged horizontally, and the heat exchange tubes 109 are fixed by the upper tube plate 104 and the lower tube plate 114 . The inner space of the cylinder is divided into three sections by the upper tube sheet 104 and the lower tube sheet 114 . In addition, the upper tube plate 104 and the lower tube plate 114 are sealed and connected to the inner side wall of the cylinder so that the three spaces in the cylinder are isolated from each other. The heat exchange tubes 109 are arranged in the middle section inside the cylinder, and communicate with the upper section and the lower section in the cylinder respectively.
其中，换热管109外壁面与上管板104、下管板114以及中段筒体之间形成降膜蒸发器1的壳程；换热管109内壁与上段筒体、下段筒体之间形成降膜蒸发器1的管程。管程和壳程相互独立。壳程内通入加热介质例如蒸汽，对管程内的物料进行加热蒸发。Among them, the shell side of the falling film evaporator 1 is formed between the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 109 and the upper tube plate 104, the lower tube plate 114, and the middle cylinder; the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 109 is formed between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder Tube side of falling film evaporator 1. The tube side and the shell side are independent of each other. A heating medium such as steam is introduced into the shell side to heat and evaporate the material in the tube side.
上管板104和/或下管板114上设有第一通孔，第一通孔的直径大于换热管109的外径，换热管109的顶端和/或底端从第一通孔中穿出，相应的，换热管109的底端与下管板114固定连接或者换热管109的顶端与上管板104固定连接。换热管109可在一端通过管板进行固定，在另一端与管板间隙配合连接。即换热管109的一端与管板固定连接，对换热管109进行固定；另一端与管板间隙配合连接。以换热管109的顶端与上管板104固定连接，底端与下管板114间隙配合连接为例：The upper tube plate 104 and/or the lower tube plate 114 are provided with a first through hole, the diameter of the first through hole is greater than the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 109, and the top and/or bottom end of the heat exchange tube 109 pass through the first through hole. Correspondingly, the bottom end of the heat exchange tube 109 is fixedly connected to the lower tube plate 114 or the top end of the heat exchange tube 109 is fixedly connected to the upper tube plate 104 . The heat exchange tubes 109 can be fixed through the tube sheet at one end, and are connected with the tube sheet at the other end through clearance fit. That is, one end of the heat exchange tube 109 is fixedly connected to the tube sheet to fix the heat exchange tube 109 ; the other end is connected to the tube sheet with clearance fit. Take the top end of the heat exchange tube 109 fixedly connected to the upper tube sheet 104, and the bottom end to be connected with the lower tube sheet 114 with clearance fit as an example:
换热管109的顶端可穿过上管板104，且换热管109的外侧壁与上管板104之间固定密封连接。而在下管板114上设置第一通孔，换热管109的底端从第一通孔中穿过下管板114，且换热管109的外侧壁与下管板114上第一通孔的内壁之间预留一定间隙。进一步地，换热管109的底端可穿过第一通孔伸出下管板114，且伸出长度可为10-30mm。The top ends of the heat exchange tubes 109 can pass through the upper tube sheet 104 , and the outer side walls of the heat exchange tubes 109 are fixed and sealed with the upper tube sheet 104 . And the first through hole is set on the lower tube plate 114, the bottom end of the heat exchange tube 109 passes through the lower tube plate 114 from the first through hole, and the outer side wall of the heat exchange tube 109 and the first through hole on the lower tube plate 114 A certain gap is reserved between the inner walls. Further, the bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes 109 can protrude from the lower tube plate 114 through the first through hole, and the protruding length can be 10-30 mm.
换热管109也可在两端同时与管板间隙配合连接。此时，换热管109可通过其他部件实现固定，例如可在换热管109的任何部位设置连接件实现与筒体的固定连接进行固定。The heat exchange tubes 109 can also be connected with the tube sheet at both ends in a gap fit manner. At this time, the heat exchange tube 109 can be fixed by other components, for example, a connecting piece can be provided at any position of the heat exchange tube 109 to achieve a fixed connection with the cylinder for fixing.
换热管109外部在第一通孔处的间隙通过汽封密封。可采用壳程的热源蒸汽通过与管程的压力差实现该间隙处的密封作用，将管程的物料和壳程的热源蒸汽隔绝。The gap outside the heat exchange tube 109 at the first through hole is sealed by a steam seal. The heat source steam on the shell side can be used to realize the sealing effect at the gap through the pressure difference between the shell side and the tube side, and isolate the material on the tube side from the heat source steam on the shell side.
本实施例提供的一种降膜蒸发系统，通过设置换热管109的端部与管板之间采用间隙配合连接，使得换热管109可沿轴向方向上下自由伸缩，避免了温度应力冲击，提高蒸发系统的使用寿命；且该换热管109的连接结构无需另外设置其他部件，结构简单，便于安装。In the falling film evaporation system provided in this embodiment, the end of the heat exchange tube 109 and the tube plate are connected by gap fit, so that the heat exchange tube 109 can freely expand and contract up and down in the axial direction, avoiding the impact of temperature stress , improve the service life of the evaporation system; and the connection structure of the heat exchange tube 109 does not need additional components, the structure is simple and easy to install.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，参考图2，换热管109的内壁上设有碳纳米管涂层，碳纳米管涂层从换热管109的内壁表面至中心部位依次包括金属氧化物层110以及液态金属层111结合碳纳米管层112。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to FIG. 2 , the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 109 is provided with a carbon nanotube coating, and the carbon nanotube coating sequentially includes metal oxides from the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube 109 to the center. The material layer 110 and the liquid metal layer 111 are combined with the carbon nanotube layer 112 .
碳纳米管涂层从换热管109的内壁表面开始，第一层设置金属氧化物层110，金属氧化物层110的厚度可为100-200nm；可为氧化镁铝硅层，设置金属氧化物层110可提高换热管109内壁表面的平整性，以降低与物料间的摩擦，减少结垢。然后是液态金属层111结合碳纳米管层112。液态金属层111结合碳纳米管层112指的是液态金属层111与碳纳米管层112之间结合形成的涂层。第二层先设置液态金属层111，作为金属催化剂用于生长碳纳米管阵列，控制碳纳米管密度，实现定向生长。液态金属可为铁钴镍铜锰钼；液态金属层111的厚度可为1-50nm。第三层为碳纳米管层112，其中碳纳米管的直径优选为10-20nm，碳纳米管层112的厚度可为0.1-1mm。碳纳米管层112呈毛刷状，可具有毛刷的功能，实现阻垢。The carbon nanotube coating starts from the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube 109, the first layer is provided with a metal oxide layer 110, and the thickness of the metal oxide layer 110 can be 100-200nm; it can be a magnesium oxide aluminum silicon layer, and a metal oxide layer is provided The layer 110 can improve the smoothness of the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube 109 to reduce the friction with materials and reduce fouling. Then there is the liquid metal layer 111 combined with the carbon nanotube layer 112 . The combination of the liquid metal layer 111 and the carbon nanotube layer 112 refers to a coating formed by combining the liquid metal layer 111 and the carbon nanotube layer 112 . The second layer is first provided with a liquid metal layer 111, which is used as a metal catalyst to grow carbon nanotube arrays, and controls the density of carbon nanotubes to achieve directional growth. The liquid metal can be iron cobalt nickel copper manganese molybdenum; the thickness of the liquid metal layer 111 can be 1-50nm. The third layer is the carbon nanotube layer 112, wherein the diameter of the carbon nanotube is preferably 10-20 nm, and the thickness of the carbon nanotube layer 112 may be 0.1-1 mm. The carbon nanotube layer 112 is in the shape of a brush, and may have the function of a brush to achieve scale inhibition.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，筒体内部、上管板104的上方设有分布器103，分布器103包括若干个平行设置的分布板，分布板横置在筒体中且分布板上均匀设有若干个第二通孔。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, a distributor 103 is provided inside the cylinder and above the upper tube plate 104. The distributor 103 includes several distribution plates arranged in parallel, and the distribution plates are horizontally placed in the cylinder and the distribution plates A number of second through holes are uniformly provided on the top.
具体的，分布器103可采用2-3层的多孔分布板组成。分布板上第二通孔的孔径可为6-12mm；可较好的对通过的物料进行分布。多层分布板平行设置，且多层分布板上的第二通孔可一一上下对应设置，也可不对应交叉设置，不做限定。物料由降膜蒸发器1筒体顶端的物料进口进入，经分布器103均质处理后，物料沿分布器103的圆孔进入换热管109并浸润内壁，物料自上而下流动。Specifically, the distributor 103 can be composed of 2-3 layers of porous distribution plates. The diameter of the second through hole on the distribution plate may be 6-12mm; the passed materials can be better distributed. The multi-layer distribution boards are arranged in parallel, and the second through holes on the multi-layer distribution boards can be arranged correspondingly up and down one by one, or can not be arranged corresponding to crossing, without limitation. The material enters from the material inlet at the top of the falling film evaporator 1 cylinder. After being homogenized by the distributor 103, the material enters the heat exchange tube 109 along the round hole of the distributor 103 and soaks the inner wall. The material flows from top to bottom.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，蒸发器1还包括至少一个折流板108；折流板108设置在上管板104和下管板114之间，折流板108上设有若干个第三通孔。换热管109从第三通孔中穿过且与折流板108固定连接。折流板108与换热管109可通过焊接连接。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the evaporator 1 further includes at least one baffle 108; the baffle 108 is arranged between the upper tube sheet 104 and the lower tube sheet 114, and several third via. The heat exchange tube 109 passes through the third through hole and is fixedly connected with the baffle plate 108 . The baffles 108 and the heat exchange tubes 109 can be connected by welding.
折流板108起到阻止壳程热源蒸汽快速下降以及改变热源蒸汽流向的作用，有利于热源蒸汽与物料之间的充分换热。折流板108厚度设计5-15mm。可沿换热管109的轴向设置多个折流板108，任意相邻的两个折流板108间距控制在1-1.5m。在折流板108上设置若干个第三通孔用于与换热管109连接，可便于通过调节与换热管109连接的第三通孔来调整折流板108在筒体内的位置，更好的起到折流作用。The baffles 108 play the role of preventing the heat source steam from falling rapidly on the shell side and changing the flow direction of the heat source steam, which is beneficial to the sufficient heat exchange between the heat source steam and the material. The thickness of the baffle plate 108 is designed to be 5-15mm. A plurality of baffles 108 can be arranged along the axial direction of the heat exchange tube 109, and the distance between any two adjacent baffles 108 is controlled at 1-1.5m. Several third through holes are provided on the baffle plate 108 for connecting with the heat exchange tubes 109, which can facilitate adjustment of the position of the baffle plate 108 in the cylinder by adjusting the third through holes connected with the heat exchange tubes 109. Good to play the role of deflection.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，参考图3，一种降膜蒸发系统还包括：压缩机2、分离器3、循环泵5和冷凝罐4。分离器3底部的液体出口与循环泵5的进口相连，循环泵5的出口与筒体顶部的第一进口101相连。通过循环泵5将分离器3内的物料通过第一进口101输送至管程空间进行蒸发。On the basis of the above embodiments, further referring to FIG. 3 , a falling film evaporation system further includes: a compressor 2 , a separator 3 , a circulating pump 5 and a condensation tank 4 . The liquid outlet at the bottom of the separator 3 is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 5, and the outlet of the circulating pump 5 is connected to the first inlet 101 at the top of the cylinder. The material in the separator 3 is transported to the tube-side space through the first inlet 101 by the circulating pump 5 for evaporation.
分离器3顶部的气体出口与压缩机2的进口相连，压缩机2的出口与筒体侧壁上位于上管板104和下管板114之间的第二进口106相连。压缩机2抽取分离器3顶部的蒸汽输送至壳程空间，作为热源蒸汽。The gas outlet at the top of the separator 3 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 2, and the outlet of the compressor 2 is connected to the second inlet 106 located between the upper tube plate 104 and the lower tube plate 114 on the side wall of the cylinder. The compressor 2 extracts the steam at the top of the separator 3 and transports it to the shell side space as heat source steam.
筒体侧壁上下管板114的下方设有第一出口115，第一出口115连通于分离器3；筒体侧壁上上管板104和下管板114之间的下方还设有第二出口113，第二出口113连通于冷凝罐4。每次蒸发后的物料经由第一出口115进入分离器3中进行汽液分离。换热后的热源蒸汽经第二出口113进入冷凝罐4中进行冷凝回收。分离器3中的物料循环多次进行蒸发。There is a first outlet 115 below the upper and lower tube sheets 114 on the side wall of the cylinder, and the first outlet 115 is connected to the separator 3; there is also a second outlet between the upper tube sheet 104 and the lower tube sheet 114 on the side wall of the cylinder. The outlet 113 and the second outlet 113 communicate with the condensation tank 4 . The evaporated material enters the separator 3 through the first outlet 115 for vapor-liquid separation. After heat exchange, the heat source steam enters the condensation tank 4 through the second outlet 113 to be condensed and recovered. The material in the separator 3 circulates for evaporation several times.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，筒体侧壁上上管板104和下管板114之间还设有第三进口107，第三进口107用于通入外界蒸汽；第三进口107用于向壳程空间通入外界蒸汽作为热源蒸汽。筒体的底端面上设有第三出口117，第三出口117连通于分离器3；第三出口117设置在筒体的底端面上，便于顺利排出管程空间中所有的物料。分离器3上或分离器3与循环泵5之间的管道上设有进料口。初始可通过进料口进行上料。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, a third inlet 107 is provided between the upper tube sheet 104 and the lower tube sheet 114 on the side wall of the cylinder, and the third inlet 107 is used to introduce external steam; the third inlet 107 It is used to introduce external steam into the shell side space as heat source steam. A third outlet 117 is provided on the bottom surface of the cylinder, and the third outlet 117 is connected to the separator 3; the third outlet 117 is arranged on the bottom surface of the cylinder, so as to facilitate the smooth discharge of all materials in the tube space. A feeding port is provided on the separator 3 or on the pipeline between the separator 3 and the circulation pump 5 . Initially, the feed can be carried out through the feed port.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，压缩机2的进口管道以及出口管道上，循环泵5的进口管道以及出口管道上，以及筒体与分离器3之间的管道上分别设有波纹管补偿器。筒体与分离器3之间的管道具体可为第一出口115与分离器3之间的管道以及第三出口117与分离器3之间的管道。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, bellows are provided on the inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline of the compressor 2, on the inlet pipeline and outlet pipeline of the circulation pump 5, and on the pipeline between the cylinder body and the separator 3 Compensator. The pipe between the cylinder body and the separator 3 may specifically be the pipe between the first outlet 115 and the separator 3 and the pipe between the third outlet 117 and the separator 3 .
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，换热管109与筒体之间的蒸汽压力大于换热管109内部的压力，且压力差为30-80kPA；该压力差值即可实现汽封密封，同时安全性较好，且易于实现。第一通孔的直径与换热管109的外径之差为0.1-0.4mm；该间隙大小可满足换热管109与筒体的温度应力变形，使得二者互不影响，提高结构的稳定性，且该间隙大小易于实现汽封密封。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the steam pressure between the heat exchange tube 109 and the cylinder body is greater than the pressure inside the heat exchange tube 109, and the pressure difference is 30-80kPA; this pressure difference can realize the steam seal , and it is safe and easy to implement. The difference between the diameter of the first through hole and the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 109 is 0.1-0.4 mm; the size of the gap can meet the temperature stress deformation of the heat exchange tube 109 and the cylinder body, so that the two do not affect each other and improve the stability of the structure Sex, and the size of the gap is easy to achieve steam seal sealing.
第二通孔的直径为6-12mm。换热管109的外径为25-57mm；换热管109的径高比为1/50-1/150。该换热管109尺寸可使物料较好的形成膜状，有利于提高换热蒸发效率。换热管109内部物料的流速为10-30m/s，有利于提高蒸发效率。The diameter of the second through hole is 6-12mm. The outer diameter of the heat exchange tube 109 is 25-57 mm; the diameter-to-height ratio of the heat exchange tube 109 is 1/50-1/150. The size of the heat exchange tube 109 can make the material better form a film, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of heat exchange and evaporation. The flow velocity of the material inside the heat exchange tube 109 is 10-30m/s, which is beneficial to improve the evaporation efficiency.
进一步地，蒸发器1的传热温差优选4-7℃。压缩机2的蒸汽饱和温升依据待处理物料性质而定，当物料是硫酸钠溶液时，压缩机2的饱和温升优选10-12℃；当物料是氯化钠溶液时，压缩机2饱和温升优选15-17℃；当溶液是硝酸钠溶液时，压缩机2的饱和温升优选20-22℃。Further, the heat transfer temperature difference of the evaporator 1 is preferably 4-7°C. The steam saturation temperature rise of compressor 2 depends on the properties of the material to be processed. When the material is sodium sulfate solution, the saturation temperature rise of compressor 2 is preferably 10-12°C; when the material is sodium chloride solution, compressor 2 is saturated. The temperature rise is preferably 15-17°C; when the solution is sodium nitrate solution, the saturated temperature rise of the compressor 2 is preferably 20-22°C.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，一种降膜蒸发方法，利用上述任一实施例中所述的降膜蒸发系统，该方法包括：在换热管109外部与筒体之间的壳程空间与换热管109内部的管程空间之间形成压差；向分离器3内加入物料，在物料液位达到第一预设值时，启动循环泵5按照预设流速将物料注入管程空间；继续向分离器3内加入物料，在物料液位达到第二预设值时，停止加料。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, a falling film evaporation method, using the falling film evaporation system described in any of the above embodiments, the method includes: a shell between the outside of the heat exchange tube 109 and the cylinder A pressure difference is formed between the tube-side space and the tube-side space inside the heat exchange tube 109; the material is added to the separator 3, and when the material level reaches the first preset value, the circulation pump 5 is started to inject the material into the tube according to the preset flow rate. process space; continue to add materials into the separator 3, and stop feeding when the material liquid level reaches the second preset value.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，在换热管109外部与筒体之间的壳程空间与换热管109内部的管程空间之间形成压差，具体包括：在压缩机2为螺杆或罗茨型式时，启动压缩机2，并通过压缩机2的运行在壳程空间和管程空间之间形成压差；在压缩机2为离心型式时，启动压缩机2，同时向壳程空间输入外界蒸汽，形成压差。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, a pressure difference is formed between the shell-side space between the outside of the heat exchange tube 109 and the cylinder and the tube-side space inside the heat exchange tube 109, specifically including: When the screw or Roots type is used, start the compressor 2, and form a pressure difference between the shell side space and the tube side space through the operation of the compressor 2; when the compressor 2 is a centrifugal type, start the compressor 2, and at the same time pump the The external steam is input into the process space to form a pressure difference.
上述实施例中提供的一种降膜蒸发系统的具体加料操作过程为：当压缩机2为螺杆或罗茨型式时，执行第一操作步骤；当压缩机2为离心型式时，执行第二操作步骤。第一操作步骤为：开启压缩机2，依靠压缩机2的抽吸和增压作用，在蒸发器1管程和壳程之间形成稳定压差。第二操作步骤为：开启筒体上的第三进口107，即打开与外界蒸汽源连接的蒸汽阀门6，向蒸发器1壳程输送新鲜蒸汽，依靠蒸汽自身压力，在管程和壳程之间形成压差，实现密封条件。The specific feeding operation process of a falling film evaporation system provided in the above embodiment is: when the compressor 2 is a screw or Roots type, perform the first operation step; when the compressor 2 is a centrifugal type, perform the second operation step. The first operation step is: turn on the compressor 2, rely on the suction and pressurization of the compressor 2 to form a stable pressure difference between the tube side and the shell side of the evaporator 1. The second operation step is: open the third inlet 107 on the cylinder body, that is, open the steam valve 6 connected to the external steam source, and deliver fresh steam to the shell side of the evaporator 1, relying on the pressure of the steam itself, between the tube side and the shell side A pressure difference is formed between them to achieve a sealed condition.
向降膜蒸发器1进料，待液位到达分离器3第一液位设定值时，开启循环泵5，继续进料；进料位置可设置在循环泵5入口或者分离器3的汽相空间筒体段。当物料液位到达所述分离器3第二液位设定值时，停止进料，完成进料过程。Feed to the falling film evaporator 1, and when the liquid level reaches the set value of the first liquid level of the separator 3, turn on the circulating pump 5 and continue feeding; Phase space cylinder segment. When the liquid level of the material reaches the set value of the second liquid level of the separator 3, the feeding is stopped, and the feeding process is completed.
该降膜蒸发系统在加料完成后进入料液浓缩阶段，具体为：来自分离器3的物料，首先进入循环泵5，经循环泵5增压后输入降膜蒸发器1的顶部物料入口即第一进口101；经分布器103处理后，进入换热管109，在换热管109内壁形成液膜，与管外的蒸汽进行热交换；物料被加热气化，产生的汽液混合物下落至降膜蒸发器1的底部，经过与分离器3连通的管路，进入分离器3，实现汽液分离；分离的液体下沉至底部，再次进入循环泵5，完成下一次循环，料液达到指定浓度时，排出系统。The falling film evaporation system enters the feed liquid concentration stage after the feeding is completed, specifically: the material from the separator 3 first enters the circulation pump 5, and after being pressurized by the circulation pump 5, it enters the top material inlet of the falling film evaporator 1, which is the first stage. One inlet 101; after being processed by the distributor 103, it enters the heat exchange tube 109, forms a liquid film on the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 109, and performs heat exchange with the steam outside the tube; the material is heated and gasified, and the generated vapor-liquid mixture falls to the bottom The bottom of the film evaporator 1 enters the separator 3 through the pipeline connected with the separator 3 to realize the separation of vapor and liquid; the separated liquid sinks to the bottom and enters the circulation pump 5 again to complete the next cycle, and the feed liquid reaches the specified Concentration, drain the system.
之后冷凝水采出阶段：经分离器3分离的二次蒸汽上升，经分离器3顶部蒸汽出口即气体出口排出，进入蒸汽压缩机2；经增温增压后进入降膜蒸发器1的壳程，与管程的物料发生热交换，凝结后形成冷凝水，从降膜蒸发器1的底部冷凝水出口即第二出口113排出，经连接管道流至冷凝罐4，冷凝水最终从冷凝罐4排出。Afterwards, the condensed water extraction stage: the secondary steam separated by the separator 3 rises, is discharged through the steam outlet at the top of the separator 3, that is, the gas outlet, and enters the steam compressor 2; after being heated and pressurized, it enters the shell of the falling film evaporator 1 heat exchange with the material in the tube side, condensed to form condensed water, which is discharged from the bottom condensed water outlet of the falling film evaporator 1, that is, the second outlet 113, and flows to the condensing tank 4 through the connecting pipe, and the condensed water is finally discharged from the condensing tank 4 discharge.
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，本实施例提供一种降膜蒸发器1及其使用方法，针对降膜蒸发器1使用的特殊条件和工况下，蒸发器1工作过程存在温度应力破坏的问题，在换热管109与管板的连接方式上进行改造。该降膜蒸发器1包括上管板104、换热管109、折流板108、下管板114、上段筒体、中段筒体、下段筒体。筒体内上管板104以上为上段筒体，上管板104和下管板114之间的为中段筒体，下管板114以下为下段筒体。On the basis of the above embodiments, further, this embodiment provides a falling film evaporator 1 and its use method, aiming at the special conditions and working conditions of the falling film evaporator 1, there is temperature stress in the working process of the evaporator 1 For the problem of damage, the connection between the heat exchange tube 109 and the tube sheet should be improved. The falling film evaporator 1 includes an upper tube sheet 104, heat exchange tubes 109, baffles 108, a lower tube sheet 114, an upper cylinder, a middle cylinder, and a lower cylinder. Above the upper tube plate 104 in the cylinder is the upper cylinder, between the upper tube plate 104 and the lower tube plate 114 is the middle cylinder, and below the lower tube plate 114 is the lower cylinder.
上段筒体与上管板104、物料进口即第一进口101之间，组成上管箱102；中段筒体与上管板104、换热管109、折流板108、下管板114、蒸汽进口即第二进口106和第三进口107、冷凝水出口即第二出口113之间，组成主体蒸发段105；下段筒体与物料出口即第三出口117、旁通出口即第一出口115之间，组成下管箱116；上管箱102与主体蒸发段105之间为可拆式连接，主体蒸发段105与下管箱116之间为可拆式连接，可采用法兰连接。The upper tube box 102 is formed between the upper cylinder body and the upper tube plate 104, and the material inlet, that is, the first inlet 101; Between the inlet, that is, the second inlet 106 and the third inlet 107, and the condensed water outlet, that is, the second outlet 113, the main evaporation section 105 is formed; The lower tube box 116 is formed; the upper tube box 102 is detachably connected to the main body evaporation section 105, and the main body evaporation section 105 and the lower tube box 116 are detachably connected, which can be flanged.
换热管109与下管板114采用间隙配合连接，换热管109外壁与下管板114第一通孔内壁之间预留一定间隙，间隙大小为0.05-0.2mm，采用蒸发器1壳程的热源蒸汽实现密封作用，将蒸发器1管程的物料和壳程的热源蒸汽隔绝。换热管109最低端伸出下管板114的长度为10-30mm。替代了传统的胀结和焊接方式，可解决温度变化引起蒸发器1换热管109与筒体之间膨胀量变化不同步，带来的应力破坏问题，换热管109沿上下轴向方向，可自由伸缩，灵活运动，避免了温度应力破坏，提高寿命。The heat exchange tube 109 and the lower tube plate 114 are connected by a gap fit, and a certain gap is reserved between the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 109 and the inner wall of the first through hole of the lower tube plate 114, the gap size is 0.05-0.2mm, and the shell side of the evaporator is used. The heat source steam of the evaporator realizes the sealing function, and isolates the material of the tube side of the evaporator 1 and the heat source steam of the shell side. The length of the lowest end of the heat exchange tube 109 protruding from the lower tube sheet 114 is 10-30 mm. Instead of the traditional swelling and welding methods, it can solve the problem of stress damage caused by the asynchronous expansion between the heat exchange tube 109 and the cylinder of the evaporator 1 caused by temperature changes. The heat exchange tube 109 is along the upper and lower axial directions, It can be freely stretched and moved flexibly, avoiding temperature stress damage and improving service life.
换热管109内壁表面镀上一层碳纳米管涂层，碳纳米管涂层包括氧化物层、液态金属层111结合碳纳米管层112，碳纳米管层112厚度为0.1-1mm。设置涂层可解决蒸发器1工作过程，设备结垢严重，性能衰减、热效率下降、能耗升高的问题。以换热管109内壁面作为基体，采用碳纳米管定向生长技术，在内壁面增加一个碳纳米管镀层，可起到阻垢除垢，增强换热作用。A layer of carbon nanotube coating is coated on the inner surface of the heat exchange tube 109 . The carbon nanotube coating includes an oxide layer, a liquid metal layer 111 and a carbon nanotube layer 112 . The thickness of the carbon nanotube layer 112 is 0.1-1 mm. Setting the coating can solve the problems of serious equipment fouling, performance attenuation, thermal efficiency decline, and energy consumption increase during the working process of the evaporator 1 . Using the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube 109 as the substrate, a carbon nanotube coating is added on the inner wall surface by adopting the directional growth technology of carbon nanotubes, which can prevent and remove scale and enhance heat exchange.
进一步地，本实施例提供一种MVR降膜蒸发系统，包含以上任意实施例中所述的降膜蒸发器1。MVR降膜蒸发系统由降膜蒸发器1、压缩机2、分离器3、循环泵5、冷凝水罐组成。Further, this embodiment provides an MVR falling film evaporation system, including the falling film evaporator 1 described in any of the above embodiments. MVR falling film evaporation system consists of falling film evaporator 1, compressor 2, separator 3, circulating pump 5, and condensate tank.
降膜蒸发器1的蒸汽进口即第二进口106通过管路与压缩机2出口相连接；降膜蒸发器1的冷凝水出口即第二出口113通过管路与冷凝水罐进水口相连接；降膜蒸发器1的物料进口即第一进口101通过管路与循环泵5出口相连接；降膜蒸发器1的物料出口即第一出口115通过管路与分离器3物料进口相连接。The steam inlet of the falling film evaporator 1, that is, the second inlet 106, is connected to the outlet of the compressor 2 through a pipeline; the condensed water outlet of the falling film evaporator 1, that is, the second outlet 113, is connected with the water inlet of the condensed water tank through a pipeline; The material inlet of the falling film evaporator 1, that is, the first inlet 101, is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 5 through a pipeline; the material outlet of the falling film evaporator 1, that is, the first outlet 115, is connected to the material inlet of the separator 3 through a pipeline.
具体地，压缩机2的出口与降膜蒸发器1的蒸汽进口即第二进口106相连接，压缩机2的进口与分离器3的蒸汽出口即气体出口相连接，压缩机2的进出口管道上设置波纹管补偿器。Specifically, the outlet of compressor 2 is connected with the steam inlet of falling film evaporator 1, that is, the second inlet 106, the inlet of compressor 2 is connected with the steam outlet of separator 3, that is, the gas outlet, and the inlet and outlet pipes of compressor 2 Set the bellows compensator on.
具体地，循环泵5的出口与降膜蒸发器1的物料进口即第一进口101相连接，循环泵5的进口与分离器3的物料出口即液体出口相连接，循环泵5的进出口管道上设置波纹管补偿器。Specifically, the outlet of circulation pump 5 is connected with the material inlet of falling film evaporator 1, that is, the first inlet 101, the inlet of circulation pump 5 is connected with the material outlet of separator 3, that is, the liquid outlet, and the inlet and outlet pipelines of circulation pump 5 Set the bellows compensator on.
与现有技术相比，本实施例提供的降膜蒸发器1及降膜蒸发系统具有以下优点：蒸发器1换热管109上采用碳纳米管镀层处理，起到类似于毛刷作用，实现阻垢除垢，高效换热。换热管109与管板之间的连接采用间隙配合，换热管109沿上下轴向方向可自由伸缩，避免了温度应力冲击，提高蒸发器1设备使用寿命。蒸发器1壳程的加热蒸汽介质，具有多重作用和效果，既回收了蒸发系统的二次蒸汽余热，又作为热源介质对管程物料加热，同时也作为密封介质，防止管程物料泄漏至壳程。Compared with the prior art, the falling film evaporator 1 and the falling film evaporation system provided in this embodiment have the following advantages: the heat exchange tube 109 of the evaporator 1 is treated with carbon nanotube coating, which acts like a brush, and realizes Anti-scaling and descaling, efficient heat exchange. The connection between the heat exchange tube 109 and the tube sheet adopts a clearance fit, and the heat exchange tube 109 can freely expand and contract along the vertical and vertical directions, thereby avoiding the impact of temperature stress and improving the service life of the evaporator 1 . The heating steam medium on the shell side of the evaporator 1 has multiple functions and effects. It not only recovers the waste heat of the secondary steam in the evaporation system, but also serves as a heat source medium to heat the tube-side material, and also serves as a sealing medium to prevent the tube-side material from leaking to the shell. Procedure.
利用压缩机2自身的增压作用，实现蒸发器1壳程与管程之间的压差，无需额提供增压动力成本，运行过程无额外运行成本。本实施例提出的碳纳米管镀层结构及处理方法可同时适用于其他类型的蒸发器1或加热器，如强制循环加热器，升膜蒸发器1等。The pressure difference between the shell side and the tube side of the evaporator 1 is realized by using the supercharging effect of the compressor 2 itself, and there is no need to provide supercharging power costs, and there is no additional operating cost during the operation process. The carbon nanotube coating structure and treatment method proposed in this embodiment can also be applied to other types of evaporators 1 or heaters, such as forced circulation heaters, rising film evaporators 1 and the like.
本实施例提出的换热管109与管板之间的间隙配合方式，可设置换热管109单独与下管板114间隙配合；或者换热管109单独与上管板104间隙配合；或者换热管109与上、下管板114同时间隙配合，此时可设置折流板108与筒体内壁相连，换热管109可通过折流板108或其他部件进行固定。The clearance fit method between the heat exchange tube 109 and the tube sheet proposed in this embodiment can be set to have a clearance fit between the heat exchange tube 109 and the lower tube sheet 114 alone; The heat pipe 109 is in clearance fit with the upper and lower tube plates 114 at the same time. At this time, the baffle plate 108 can be set to be connected with the inner wall of the cylinder, and the heat exchange tube 109 can be fixed by the baffle plate 108 or other components.
进一步地，本实施例提供了一种蒸发量为5吨/小时的MVR降膜蒸发系统，其中物料组分为氯化钠溶液，进料质量浓度为4％，排料质量浓度为20％，MVR降膜蒸发系统各参数如下：Further, this embodiment provides an MVR falling film evaporation system with an evaporation capacity of 5 tons/hour, wherein the material component is a sodium chloride solution, the mass concentration of the feed is 4%, and the mass concentration of the discharge is 20%. The parameters of the MVR falling film evaporation system are as follows:
优选的，蒸发温度为95℃，蒸发器1压力为84.6kPA，采用MVR降膜循环式蒸发工艺。优选的，降膜蒸发器1主要参数：换热面积400m2，换热管109规格φ38mm×1.2mm，换热管109长度8m，换热管109材质工业纯钛TA2，其他材质为2205不锈钢，筒体规格φ1200mm×6mm，外部保温层厚度50mm。Preferably, the evaporation temperature is 95°C, the pressure of the evaporator 1 is 84.6kPA, and the MVR falling film circulation evaporation process is adopted. Preferably, the main parameters of falling film evaporator 1: heat exchange area 400m 2 , heat exchange tube 109 specifications φ38mm×1.2mm, heat exchange tube 109 length 8m, heat exchange tube 109 material industrial pure titanium TA2, other materials are 2205 stainless steel, Cylinder specification φ1200mm×6mm, external insulation layer thickness 50mm.
优选的，蒸汽压缩机2主要参数：水蒸汽饱和温升为10℃，流量为5t/h，采用螺杆式压缩机2，压缩机2电机功率为165kW。分离器3主要参数：筒体尺寸为φ2200mm×8mm，筒体高度H＝3000mm，筒体设置补强圈，补强圈间距1m，材质2205不锈钢，保温层厚度50mm。Preferably, the main parameters of the steam compressor 2 are: the saturation temperature rise of water vapor is 10°C, the flow rate is 5t/h, the screw compressor 2 is used, and the motor power of the compressor 2 is 165kW. The main parameters of the separator 3: the size of the cylinder is φ2200mm×8mm, the height of the cylinder is H=3000mm, the cylinder is equipped with reinforcing rings, the distance between the reinforcing rings is 1m, the material is 2205 stainless steel, and the thickness of the insulation layer is 50mm.
优选的，冷凝罐4主要参数：筒体尺寸为φ1000mm×6mm，筒体长度H＝1500mm，采用卧式结构型式，保温层厚度50mm，保温棉为岩棉。循环泵5主要参数：流量120m3/h，扬程25m，材质为2205不锈钢，采用离心式水泵，进出口型式为平进上出型，水泵密封形式采用双端面机封。Preferably, the main parameters of the condensation tank 4 are: cylinder size φ1000mm×6mm, cylinder length H=1500mm, horizontal structure, insulation layer thickness 50mm, insulation wool is rock wool. Circulation pump 5 main parameters: flow rate 120m 3 /h, head 25m, material is 2205 stainless steel, adopts centrifugal water pump, inlet and outlet type is flat inlet and upper outlet type, water pump sealing form adopts double-end machine seal.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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