CN110212969B - Low-orbit constellation access and control system with beacon measurement and control and gateway fusion - Google Patents
Low-orbit constellation access and control system with beacon measurement and control and gateway fusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212969B CN110212969B CN201910439374.6A CN201910439374A CN110212969B CN 110212969 B CN110212969 B CN 110212969B CN 201910439374 A CN201910439374 A CN 201910439374A CN 110212969 B CN110212969 B CN 110212969B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-orbit constellation access and control system integrating beacon measurement and control and gateway, which comprises a subscriber station, a gateway station, a satellite platform, a communication load and a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; the integrated measurement and control beacon machine continuously transmits beacon tone signals and ephemeris information; the user station and the gateway station receive the beacon single-tone signal and the ephemeris information and control respective antennas to point to a communication load, so that the time for accessing the user is shortened; the gateway station detects the signal-to-noise ratio of the beacon signal, judges the change of the wireless channel condition of a feeder link between the communication load and the gateway station, generates a command for controlling the gain of the communication load according to the change and sends the command to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; the gateway station calculates the switching time of the communication load feed antenna switch, converts the switching time into a switch control instruction and sends the switch control instruction to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; the integrated measurement and control beacon machine forwards the received instruction to the satellite platform; the satellite platform executes gain control and switch control on communication load, and accurate switching of a feeder link and quick response of channel change are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, and particularly relates to a low-orbit constellation access and control system integrating beacon measurement and control and gateway.
Background
In a low-orbit broadband satellite communication system, the beam angle of a satellite communication terminal is usually small (less than 10 degrees), the satellite is difficult to directly align, even though the method of airspace search + signal search (single pulse tracking) needs a long time (as long as several minutes, even the satellite cannot be found due to satellite movement), and the requirement of quick access of a user cannot be met. In the aspect of initial alignment, in the design of the traditional satellite communication system, the beacon is only a standard tone signal and does not contain information such as satellite ephemeris and the like. In fact, there is no in-orbit low-orbit broadband communication satellite, and no specific implementation method is available.
The satellite service measurement and control is used for controlling the on-orbit working mode of the communication load, and comprises the steps of implementing instruction control on antenna switching of the communication load and the like, updating software of a satellite and the like. And the gateway station is used for managing the satellite communication terminal, transmitting the service of the user and completing the switching of the feeder line link together with the satellite antenna. In a general low-rail broadband satellite communication system, service measurement and control are separated from gateway station functions and physical entities, and some load control aspects with high precision requirements and strong real-time requirements lack advantages, and mainly bring about problems that: the service measurement and control is separated from the gateway station, so that the control instruction has larger time delay, the time control precision is poorer, the user disconnection rate is greatly increased, and when the channel condition changes, the response speed is slow, and the speed is reduced and even the disconnection is caused.
In the traditional design, 4 parts of a beacon, on-satellite measurement and control, ground measurement and control and a ground gateway station are designed and implemented respectively without mutual fusion, and the result is high cost (two sets of on-satellite equipment), poor precision (long control instruction delay) and slow access (long search time).
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a low-orbit constellation access and control system with beacon measurement and control and gateway fusion, which can realize that a user station quickly aligns to a satellite, and the ground measurement and control and a gateway station are designed in a fusion manner, so that the gateway station can realize quasi-real-time and accurate control of a communication load and reduce the cost of a ground terminal.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a low-orbit constellation access and control system integrating beacon measurement and control and gateway comprises a subscriber station, a gateway station, a satellite platform, a communication load and a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the satellite platform sends self GPS information, satellite numbers and satellite attitude flag bits to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine fuses the received GPS information, the satellite number and the satellite attitude zone bit into ephemeris information and continuously transmits beacon single-tone signals and the ephemeris information;
the user station and the gateway station receive beacon single-tone signals and ephemeris information according to the needs, obtain respective antenna directions by combining self-positioning and attitude information and control the respective antennas to point to communication loads;
after the antenna of the gateway station points to the communication load, the gateway station detects the signal-to-noise ratio of the beacon signal, judges the change of the wireless channel condition of the feeder link between the communication load and the gateway station according to the signal-to-noise ratio, generates a command for controlling the gain of the communication load according to the change and sends the command to the integrated measurement and control beacon machine; the beacon signals comprise beacon tone signals and ephemeris information;
when the gateway station antenna points to the communication load, the gateway station calculates the switching time of the communication load feed antenna switch according to the self position distribution, converts the switching time into a switch control instruction and then sends the switch control instruction to the measurement and control beacon integrated machine;
the integrated measurement and control beacon machine forwards the received instruction to the satellite platform;
the satellite platform executes a gain control instruction and a switch control instruction of the communication load;
the communication load is controlled by the gain control instruction to adjust the attenuation of the gain control module of the communication load, and the feed antenna is switched according to the switch switching instruction.
Furthermore, the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine comprises a satellite-borne signal processor, a transmitter and an antenna, wherein a satellite navigation receiver on a satellite platform is connected with the satellite-borne signal processor through a cable, the satellite-borne signal processor converts self GPS information, satellite numbers and satellite attitude flag bits transmitted by the navigation receiver into ephemeris information, encodes the ephemeris information, modulates the ephemeris information to a selected frequency point and transmits the frequency point to the transmitter, the satellite-borne signal processor also outputs a beacon single tone signal which is transmitted to the transmitter at intervals with the frequency of the modulation signal, the transmitter amplifies the received modulation signal and the beacon single tone signal and transmits the signal to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the received signal.
Further, the communications load feed antenna switch is a ferrite switch.
Further, after the gateway station antenna points to the communication load, if the response time of the communication load feed antenna switch is greater than the inter-slot guard interval of the satellite-ground time division communication protocol: the gateway station selects a time slot or a frame for switching, on one hand, the time slot or the frame is removed when resources are subsequently allocated, on the other hand, the time information is converted into a measurement and control instruction and sent to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; if the response time of the communication load feed antenna switch is less than or equal to the inter-slot guard interval: the gateway station allocates user frequency and time slot resources, and ensures that time slots and frames of all frequencies are aligned when allocating resources; and selecting a protection interval or a time slot or a frame for switching, converting the time information into a measurement and control instruction and sending the measurement and control instruction to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine.
Has the advantages that:
1. the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine in the system is different from the traditional beacon machine, the traditional beacon machine and the satellite service measurement and control are integrated, the satellite hardware is reduced, the cost is reduced, the transmitted signal also contains the satellite real-time ephemeris information, and the user access time is greatly shortened.
2. The system of the invention integrates the ground service measurement and control with the gateway station, which is different from the situation that the traditional service measurement and control and the gateway station resource allocation are independently carried out, and is beneficial to realizing the accurate switching of the feeder link and the quick response of the channel change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a low-orbit constellation access and control system integrating beacon measurement and control and gateway, which comprises a subscriber station, a gateway station, a satellite platform, a communication load and a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; the integrated measurement and control beacon machine is different from the traditional beacon machine, and the transmitted signal also contains satellite real-time ephemeris information, so that the access time of a user can be greatly shortened; the system is different from the situation that the traditional beacon machine and the service measurement and control are completely irrelevant, and is beneficial to reducing hardware on the satellite and further reducing the cost; the system of the invention integrates the service measurement and control and the gateway station, which is different from the situation that the traditional service measurement and control and the gateway station resource allocation are independently carried out, and is beneficial to realizing the accurate switching of the feeder line link and the quick response of the channel change.
The system of the invention is concretely as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a beacon measurement and control and gateway integrated low-orbit constellation access and control system includes a subscriber station, a gateway station, a satellite platform, a communication load and a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the satellite platform guarantees the power supply of the communication load, monitors the state of the communication load, implements thermal control on the communication load, sends self GPS information to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine, and the communication load receives and transparently forwards signals of the user station to the gateway station, receives and transparently forwards the signals of the gateway station to the user station; and is controlled by the satellite platform all the time.
The satellite platform sends self GPS information, satellite numbers and satellite attitude flag bits to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine fuses the received GPS information, the satellite number and the satellite attitude zone bit into ephemeris information and continuously transmits beacon single-tone signals and the ephemeris information;
for beacon tone signals and ephemeris information: a frequency point close to the service frequency band of a communication satellite is selected, a satellite beacon machine emits a single-tone signal of the frequency point, and a satellite general position and a gateway station can be determined according to the signal intensity and the channel condition is measured, namely the beacon. The satellite ephemeris information includes a variety of expressions: 7 parameters including time, position vector coordinates and speed vector coordinates; time, semi-major axis, eccentricity, track inclination, ascension crossing point, argument of perigee, true perigee angle/mean perigee angle. The satellite usually carries a navigation receiver, obtains the self positioning, speed and corresponding time information from the navigation receiver, carries out format conversion and coding on the information, uses the frequency of the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine as a carrier wave to carry out modulation and then transmits the modulated information, and the ground satellite communication terminal can carry out demodulation and decoding after receiving the signal, thereby obtaining the accurate position of the satellite. And the satellite communication terminal simultaneously extracts data in a positioning device and an attitude measuring device carried by the satellite communication terminal based on the accurate position, calculates the pointing vector of the antenna and controls the antenna to point to the satellite. Because the period of the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine for transmitting the satellite ephemeris information is short (for example, the period can be set to be 1 s), the terminal has fast resolving speed (the formula is simple, the calculated amount is small), and the time difference of transmission and processing can be eliminated through a software algorithm, so that the terminal can quickly and accurately point to the current position of the satellite.
The invention adopts a measurement and control beacon integrated machine to complete the processing of beacon information and service measurement and control information, adopts the same transmitter to transmit two signals, and adopts the same antenna to transmit two signals, thereby realizing the sharing of hardware. In order to distinguish the two signals, the two signals can adopt similar frequency bands for frequency isolation (because ephemeris information amount is small, measurement and control information amount is small, and occupied bandwidth is narrow, the bandwidths of a transmitter and an antenna can be compatible with the two signals), the same frequency band can also be adopted for code division isolation, and the beacon signal and the measurement and control signal adopt different spreading codes for distinguishing.
The user station and the gateway station receive the beacon tone signal and the ephemeris information according to the needs, obtain respective antenna pointing directions by combining self-positioning and attitude information and control the respective antenna pointing directions to communication loads, namely the conditions of communication between the user station and the gateway station are met.
After the antenna of the gateway station points to the communication load, the gateway station receives the beacon signal and detects the signal-to-noise ratio of the beacon signal, judges the change of the wireless channel condition of a feed link between the communication load and the gateway station according to the signal-to-noise ratio, generates an instruction for controlling the gain of the communication load according to the change, and sends the instruction to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine through a measurement and control channel of the gateway station; the beacon signals include beacon tone signals and ephemeris information.
And when the antenna of the gateway station points to the communication load, the gateway station calculates the switching time of the communication load feed antenna switch according to the position distribution of the gateway station and converts the switching time into a control instruction, and then the control instruction is sent to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine through a measurement and control channel of the gateway station.
When the communication load feeder link antenna is switched, a switch is required to be switched from the antenna A to the antenna B, and the reaction delay of the switch can cause signal interruption. To avoid this problem, when the gateway station performs user communication resource allocation, a certain time needs to be reserved for feeding antenna switching (depending on the switch response time, the gateway station chooses to designate several time slots or communication frames for antenna switching instead of communication during resource allocation). Due to the complex communication time between the low earth orbit satellite and the gateway station and the low accuracy of long-time forecasting, a temporary designation and rapid and accurate implementation of service measurement and control of the gateway station are required.
If the frequency of the business measurement and control station is far away from the frequency of the gateway station, the business measurement and control station and the gateway station are constructed in the same address and are directly connected through a cable, any links such as gateway facilities and artificial confirmation are not additionally arranged in the middle, if the frequency of the business measurement and control station is close to that of the gateway station, the business measurement and control station and the gateway station can share all parts such as an antenna, a feed source, a transmitter, a processor and the like, the links such as the gateway and the artificial confirmation are not additionally arranged in the software processing process, and the time delay between the measurement and control and the resource allocation of the gateway station is further shortened. And the gateway station assigns a switching time period for the feeder antenna during communication resource allocation and then immediately sends the switching time period to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine through a measurement and control channel of the gateway station, the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine forwards the received instruction to the satellite platform, and the satellite platform responds immediately and accurately executes the control instruction within the assigned time.
In the design of communication protocols of satellite communication systems and the design of satellite feeder antenna switches, a switch capable of switching quickly and accurately is required (the invention proposes that a ferrite switch is preferably adopted). The communication protocol needs to be matched with the switching time of the switch during design, for example, if the adopted switching response time is within ten microseconds, the switching can be performed within the inter-frame protection time of the communication protocol, and if the adopted switching response time is in the millisecond level, some time slots or frames (specific selection needs to be set according to the time slot length and the frame length in the frame structure design) can be specified in the communication protocol for performing the switching.
The integrated beacon measurement and control machine forwards the received command to the satellite platform, the satellite platform executes a gain control command and a switch control command for the communication load, the communication load is controlled by the gain control command to adjust the attenuation of the gain control module, and the feed antenna is switched according to the switch switching command.
(1) Single machine integrating beacon design and measurement and control
Selecting an ephemeris format, selecting a measurement and control system, estimating a data rate, completing link budget according to antenna gain requirements, coverage requirements, transmission distance and the like, determining required bandwidth, modulation and demodulation modes, coding and decoding modes and the like based on the link budget, completing frequency arrangement, and selecting frequency points for beacon signals, measurement and control signals and single-tone signals.
And developing a satellite-borne signal processor, directly connecting the satellite navigation receiver with the signal processor by a cable, and carrying out format conversion on satellite position, speed and time information transmitted by the navigation receiver by the satellite-borne signal processor to convert the satellite position, speed and time information into a selected ephemeris format. And (3) encoding the ephemeris data (if other data which need to be broadcast exist, the data can be sequentially added behind the ephemeris data), modulating the encoded data to a selected frequency point by the processor and then sending the frequency point to the transmitter for amplification, and sending the amplified signal to the antenna for radiation. When the processor outputs the modulation signal, it also outputs a single tone signal, which has a certain interval with the modulation signal frequency and is output to the transmitter and the antenna together.
The signal processor processes the measurement and control instruction and the telemetry parameters, for a transmitting link, after encoding the telemetry information, the telemetry information is modulated to a selected frequency point and then is transmitted to the antenna through the transmitter together with the ephemeris signal and the single tone signal for radiation, and for a receiving link, the signals from the antenna and the receiver are demodulated, decoded and transmitted to the satellite borne computer or the communication load management unit for processing.
(2) Accurately designed feeder antenna switching and response mechanism
Finishing the design of a feeder line side air interface communication protocol, determining the time slot guard interval and the inter-frame guard interval, and determining the basic information of time slot length, frame length and the like.
Selecting a satellite feeder antenna switch, the invention proposes selecting a ferrite switch and testing its switching response time, for example, with a ferrite switch time of less than 10 microseconds.
If the adopted switch response time is larger than the inter-slot guard interval: when a gateway station predicts that feeder antenna switching is needed in a short time (shortest second level) in the future, a time slot or a frame is selected for switching, on one hand, the time slot or the frame is removed when resources are subsequently allocated, on the other hand, the time information is converted into a measurement and control instruction and is sent to a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine through a service measurement and control channel, the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine demodulates and decodes the time information and transmits the time information to a satellite platform or a communication load control unit, and the satellite platform or the communication load control unit reserves a processing thread corresponding to the time after receiving the time information and accurately executes after waiting.
If the adopted switch response time is less than or equal to the inter-time-slot guard interval: the gateway station allocates user frequency and time slot resources, and the gateway station ensures time slot and frame alignment of all frequencies when allocating resources. When the feeder antenna switching is needed in a predicted future short time (shortest second level), a protection interval or a time slot or a frame is selected for switching, the time information is converted into a measurement and control instruction and is sent to a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine through a service measurement and control channel, the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine demodulates and decodes the time information and then transmits the time information to a satellite platform or a communication load control unit, and the satellite platform or the communication load control unit reserves a processing thread of corresponding time after receiving the time information and accurately executes after waiting for the time.
When the feeder line link is communicated and the gateway station works, the gateway station receiver can judge the condition of the channel of the feeder line link in real time according to the received signal-to-noise ratio change condition, judge whether power control is needed or not and judge whether gain control is needed to be carried out on a variable attenuator of a communication load or not, when the gain control is needed to be carried out on a satellite load, a remote control instruction can be generated immediately, the satellite is injected immediately through a measurement and control channel for execution, the aim of quickly responding to the change of the channel condition is achieved, and therefore time-varying scenes such as rain attenuation, cloud and fog shielding and the like are.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A low-orbit constellation access and control system integrating beacon measurement and control and gateway is characterized by comprising a subscriber station, a gateway station, a satellite platform, a communication load and a measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the satellite platform sends self GPS information, satellite numbers and satellite attitude flag bits to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine;
the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine fuses the received GPS information, the satellite number and the satellite attitude zone bit into ephemeris information and continuously transmits beacon single-tone signals and the ephemeris information;
the user station and the gateway station receive beacon single-tone signals and ephemeris information according to the needs, obtain respective antenna directions by combining self-positioning and attitude information and control the respective antennas to point to communication loads;
after the antenna of the gateway station points to the communication load, the gateway station detects the signal-to-noise ratio of the beacon signal, judges the change of the wireless channel condition of the feeder link between the communication load and the gateway station according to the signal-to-noise ratio, generates a command for controlling the gain of the communication load according to the change and sends the command to the integrated measurement and control beacon machine; the beacon signals comprise beacon tone signals and ephemeris information;
when the gateway station antenna points to the communication load, the gateway station calculates the switching time of the communication load feed antenna switch according to the self position distribution, converts the switching time into a switch control instruction and then sends the switch control instruction to the measurement and control beacon integrated machine;
the integrated measurement and control beacon machine forwards the received instruction to the satellite platform;
the satellite platform executes a gain control instruction and a switch control instruction of the communication load;
the communication load is controlled by the gain control instruction to adjust the attenuation of the gain control module of the communication load, and the feed antenna is switched according to the switch control instruction.
2. The beacon measurement and control and gateway fused low-orbit constellation access and control system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine comprises a satellite-borne signal processor, a transmitter and an antenna, a satellite navigation receiver on a satellite platform is connected with the satellite-borne signal processor through a cable, the satellite-borne signal processor converts self GPS information, satellite numbers and satellite attitude flag bits transmitted from the navigation receiver into ephemeris information, encodes the ephemeris information and modulates the ephemeris information to a selected frequency point to be transmitted to the transmitter, the satellite-borne signal processor further outputs a beacon single tone signal which is transmitted to the transmitter at intervals with the frequency of the modulation signal, the transmitter amplifies the received modulation signal and the beacon single tone signal and transmits the amplified signal to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the received signal.
3. The beacon measurement and control and gateway converged low-orbit constellation access and control system according to claim 1, wherein the communication load feed antenna switch is a ferrite switch.
4. The beacon measurement and control and gateway converged low-orbit constellation access and control system according to claim 1, wherein after the gateway station antenna is pointed at the communication load, if the response time of the communication load feed antenna switch is greater than the inter-slot guard interval of the satellite-ground time division communication protocol: the gateway station selects a time slot or a frame for switching, on one hand, the time slot or the frame is removed when resources are subsequently allocated, on the other hand, the selected time slot or the frame is converted into a measurement and control instruction and sent to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine; if the response time of the communication load feed antenna switch is less than or equal to the inter-slot guard interval: the gateway station allocates user frequency and time slot resources, and ensures that time slots and frames of all frequencies are aligned when allocating resources; and selecting a protection interval or a time slot or a frame for switching, converting the selected protection interval or the selected time slot or the selected frame into a measurement and control instruction and sending the measurement and control instruction to the measurement and control beacon all-in-one machine.
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| CN111398999A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | User terminal and search and rescue system based on low-orbit communication constellation |
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