CN110212969A - A kind of access of low rail constellation and control system of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion - Google Patents
A kind of access of low rail constellation and control system of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212969A CN110212969A CN201910439374.6A CN201910439374A CN110212969A CN 110212969 A CN110212969 A CN 110212969A CN 201910439374 A CN201910439374 A CN 201910439374A CN 110212969 A CN110212969 A CN 110212969A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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Abstract
The access of low rail constellation and control system of open letter mapping control of the present invention and gateway fusion, including subscriber station, gateway station, satellite platform, communication payload and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；Observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine persistently emits beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；Subscriber station and gateway station, which receive beacon tone signal and ephemeris information and control respective antenna, is directed toward communication payload, shortens the time of user's access；Gateway station detected beacon signals signal-to-noise ratio judges the variation of the feeding link wireless channel conditions between communication payload and gateway station, and variation generates the instruction controlled to communication payload gain and is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine accordingly；Gateway station, which calculates communication payload feed antennas switching time and is converted into switching control instruction, is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；The instruction received is transmitted to satellite platform by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；Satellite platform is executed to the gain control of communication payload and switch control, realizes the accurate switching and channel variation quick response of feeding link.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of satellite communication, and in particular to a kind of low rail constellation of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion
Access and control system.
Background technique
In low rail wideband satellite communication system, it is usually smaller (lower than 10 °) to defend logical terminal beams angle, is difficult directly to be aligned
Satellite, even if passing through the method for volume-search coverage+signal search (single-pulse track), it is also desirable to longer time (it is up to several minutes,
Since satellite is mobile, in some instances it may even be possible to can not find satellite), it is not able to satisfy the requirement that user quickly accesses.In terms of initial alignment, pass
System is defended in way system design, and Radio Beacon itself is only a standard tone signal, and does not include the information such as satellite ephemeris.It is practical
On, there is presently no in-orbit low rail broadband connections satellites, without specific implementation method.
Satellite business observing and controlling is real including antenna switching to communication payload etc. for controlling communication payload Operational modes
It applies instruction control, software upgrading etc. is carried out to satellite.Gateway station be used for implements to defend logical terminal management, transmission user industry
Business, and complete feeder link switching jointly with satellite antenna.Usual low rail broadband is defended in way system, payload management and gateway station function
It can separate, physical entity separation, lack advantage in terms of the load control that some required precisions are high, requirement of real-time is strong, mainly
The problem of bringing includes: payload management and gateway station separation, and leading to control instruction, there are biggish delays, and then the time is caused to be controlled
Precision processed is poor, and user's drop rate increases significantly, and when channel condition changes, response speed is slow, also leads to rate drop
It is low or even go offline.
In traditional design, 4 observing and controlling, ground observing and controlling, ground gateway station parts separately design implementation on beacon, star, do not have
There is mutual fusion, as a result, cost height (two sets equipment on star), low precision (control instruction delay big), access are slowly (when search
Between it is long).
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the access of low rail constellation and control system that a kind of beacon observing and controlling and gateway are merged,
It can be realized subscriber station rapid alignment satellite, and by ground observing and controlling and gateway station Combined design, realize that gateway station carries communication
Lotus quasi real time, accurately control while reduce ground based terminal cost.
Realize that technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of access of low rail constellation and control system of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion, including subscriber station, gateway station, satellite
Platform, communication payload and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
Itself GPS information, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are issued observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine by satellite platform；
The GPS information received, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are fused to ephemeris letter by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine
Breath persistently emits beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；
Subscriber station and gateway station receive beacon tone signal and ephemeris information as needed, and combine self poisoning and posture
Information obtains respective antenna and is directed toward and controls respective antenna direction communication payload；
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station detected beacon signals signal-to-noise ratio judges logical according to signal-to-noise ratio
Believe the variation of the feeding link wireless channel conditions between load and gateway station, and variation is generated to communication payload gain control accordingly
The instruction of system is simultaneously sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；The beacon signal includes beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station is distributed according to self-position calculates communication payload feed antennas
The time of switching is simultaneously converted into switching control instruction, is then sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
The instruction received is transmitted to satellite platform by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
Satellite platform executes the gain control instruction and switching control instruction to communication payload；
Communication payload is controlled the attenuation of adjustment own gain control module by gain control instruction, and is cut according to switch
Change instruction switched feed antenna.
Further, the observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine includes spaceborne signal processor, transmitter and antenna, on satellite platform
Satellite navigation receiver connected with spaceborne signal processor cable, spaceborne signal processor navigation neceiver is transmitted itself
GPS information, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit format transformation are ephemeris information, and are modulated after encoding to ephemeris information
It is sent to transmitter to selected frequency point, spaceborne signal processor also exports beacon tone signal, between existing with frequency modulating signal
It is sent to transmitter every ground, antenna, antenna are amplified and are sent to the modulated signal received and beacon tone signal by transmitter
The signal radiation received is gone out.
Further, the communication payload feed antennas switch is ferrite switch.
Further, after gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, if the response time of communication payload feed antennas switch
Greater than star protection interval between the time slot of time-division communication agreement: gateway station selectes a time slot or frame for switching, after one side
The time slot or frame are rejected when continuous distribution resource, the temporal information is on the one hand converted into observing and controlling instruction and is sent to observing and controlling beacon one
Machine；If the response time of communication payload feed antennas switch is less than or equal to protection interval between the time slot: gateway station distribution is used
Family frequency and time interval resource, gateway station guarantee time slot and the frame alignment of all frequencies when distributing resource；Between a selected protection
Every or a time slot or a frame for switching, and the temporal information is converted into observing and controlling instruction and is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine in present system is different from conventional beacon machine, by industry on traditional Radio Beacon, star
Business observing and controlling combines together, and reduces hardware on star and then reduces cost, further comprises the real-time star of satellite in the signal of transmitting
Information is gone through, helps substantially to shorten user's turn-on time.
2, terrestrial service observing and controlling and gateway station are merged in present system, is different from traditional business observing and controlling and gateway station money
The case where source distribution is respectively independently carried out helps to realize the accurate switching and channel variation quick response of feeding link.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention provides the accesses of low rail constellation and control system that a kind of beacon observing and controlling and gateway are merged, including user
It stands, gateway station, satellite platform, communication payload and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；Observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine is different from conventional beacon machine,
Satellite real time ephemeris information is further comprised in the signal of transmitting, helps substantially to shorten user's turn-on time；Present system has
Not in conventional beacon machine, the completely unrelated situation of payload management, helps to reduce hardware on star and then reduce cost；The present invention
Payload management and gateway station are merged in system, traditional business observing and controlling is different from and gateway station resource allocation respectively independently carries out
Situation helps to realize the accurate switching and channel variation quick response of feeder link.
Present system is specific as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, the access of low rail constellation and control system of a kind of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion, including subscriber station,
Gateway station, satellite platform, communication payload and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
Satellite platform ensures the power supply of communication payload, monitors the state of communication payload, implements the thermal control to communication payload, defends
Itself GPS information is issued observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine by star platform, and communication payload receives the signal of subscriber station, and is transparently forwarded to letter
Station is closed, receives the signal of gateway station, and be transparently forwarded to subscriber station；And the moment receives the control of satellite platform.
Itself GPS information, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are issued observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine by satellite platform；
The GPS information received, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are fused to ephemeris letter by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine
Breath persistently emits beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；
For beacon tone signal and ephemeris information: selecting one and frequency point similar in communication satellite service frequency range, satellite
Radio Beacon emits the tone signal of the frequency point, and defend logical terminal, gateway station can determine satellite substantially according to the signal strength
Position, measurement channel condition, as beacon.Satellite ephemeris information includes a variety of expression-forms: 1. the time, position vector coordinate and
Velocity vector coordinate totally 7 parameters；2. the time, semi-major axis, eccentricity, orbit inclination angle, right ascension of ascending node, argument of perigee, true
Anomaly/mean anomaly.Satellite usually carries navigation neceiver, itself positioning, speed and its right are obtained from navigation neceiver
The temporal information answered after these information are formatted, encoded, uses the frequency of observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine to carry out as carrier wave
Launch after modulation, ground is defended after logical terminal receives the signal, can be demodulated, be decoded, to obtain the accurate of satellite
Position.It defends logical terminal and is based on the accurate location, while extracting self-contained positioning device, the number in attitude measuring
According to calculating the pointing vector of antenna, i.e., controllable antenna is directed toward satellite.Due to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine transmitting satellite ephemeris letter
The period of breath is short (such as may be configured as 1s a cycle), and terminal resolves fast (formula is simple, calculation amount is small), and can pass through software
Algorithm eliminates the time difference of transmission, processing, thus terminal will quickly, accurately be directed toward satellite current location.
Usual Radio Beacon and payload management terminal include three signal processor, transmitter, antenna major parts, observing and controlling
The frequency range of the signal behavior of terminal and the signal of Radio Beacon close (can also be identical), the present invention are completed using observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine
The processing of beacon message and payload management information is emitted two signals using the same transmitter, is emitted using the same antenna
Two signals realize that hardware shares.For the differentiation for realizing two signals, two signals can be used near frequency band and carry out frequency isolation
(since ephemeris information amount is small, observing and controlling information content is small, occupied bandwidth is very narrow, thus the bandwidth of transmitter, antenna can be compatible with two
A signal), the same frequency range progress code can also be used and separate from beacon signal and measurement and control signal are carried out using different spreading codes
It distinguishes.
Subscriber station and gateway station receive beacon tone signal and ephemeris information as needed, and combine self poisoning and posture
Information obtains respective antenna and is directed toward and controls respective antenna direction communication payload, that is, has and lead between subscriber station and gateway station
The condition of letter.
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station receives beacon signal and detected beacon signals signal-to-noise ratio, root
The variation of the feeding link wireless channel conditions between communication payload and gateway station is judged according to signal-to-noise ratio, and variation generation pair accordingly
The instruction of communication payload gain control, and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine is sent to by the observing and controlling channel of gateway station；The beacon letter
Number include beacon tone signal and ephemeris information.
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station is distributed according to self-position calculates communication payload feed antennas
The time of switching is simultaneously converted into control instruction, is then sent to observing and controlling beacon one by the observing and controlling channel of gateway station
Machine.
In the switching of communication payload feeder link antenna, it is necessary to antenna B is switched to from antenna A using switch, switch it is anti-
Should be delayed will lead to signal interruption.To avoid the problem, when gateway station carries out user's communication resource distribution, need to feed day
The line handoff reservation regular hour, (according to on-off effect length of time, several time slots were specified in gateway station selection in resource allocation
Or communication frame is not used in communication and is used for antenna switching).It is pre- for a long time due to the Lifetime of low orbit satellite and gateway station complexity
It reports accuracy lower, thus needs in such a way that gateway station is temporarily specified, payload management is quick and precisely implemented.
In the present invention, if payload management and gateway station frequency are relatively far apart, payload management station and the co-located construction of gateway station are led to
It crosses cable to be directly connected to, the links such as any UniGate and artificial confirmation are no longer added in centre, if payload management and gateway station
Frequency is close, payload management and gateway station can also all parts, the software such as common antenna, feed, transmitter, processor it is processed
It does not add the links such as gateway, artificial confirmation in journey equally, further shortens the time delay between observing and controlling and gateway station resource allocation.Letter
It closes after the switching time section for feeder antenna is specified at station when carrying out communication resource distribution and is led to immediately by the observing and controlling of gateway station
Observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine is issued in road, and the instruction received is transmitted to satellite platform by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine, and satellite platform is rung immediately
It answers, at the appointed time interior accurate execution control instruction.
In satellite communication system communication protocol design and satellite feeder antenna switch designs, need using can quickly,
The switch (it is proposed that it is preferred that using ferrite switch) accurately switched.The switch with switch is needed in communication protocol design
Time is matched, for example, according to the switch response time be ten microseconds within, then can the interframe of communication protocol protect when
Interior carry out switching, according to the switch response time be Millisecond, then can be specified in communication protocol some time slots or
Frame (specific choice needs to be set according to time slot length, frame length are short in frame structure design) is to carry out switching.
The instruction being subject to is transmitted to satellite platform by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine, and satellite platform executes the gain to communication payload
Control instruction and switching control instruction, communication payload are controlled the decaying of adjustment own gain control module by gain control instruction
Amount, and switched feed antenna is instructed according to switching.
(1) single machine of beacon and observing and controlling fusion is designed
Selected ephemeris format selectes TT & C architecture, and estimated data rate is required according to antenna gain, covering requires, transmission
Distance etc. completes link budget, and bandwidth, modulation demodulation system, the code encoding/decoding mode etc. needed is determined based on this, completes frequency row
Cloth is beacon signal, measurement and control signal, the selected frequency point of tone signal.
A spaceborne signal processor is developed, satellite navigation receiver is connect with the direct cable of the signal processor, star
Load signal processor formats the satellite position that navigation neceiver transmits, speed, temporal information, is converted to selected
Ephemeris format.Almanac data is encoded (if there are also other data for needing to broadcast, after sequentially can also being added to almanac data
Face), the data after coding are modulated to by processor to be sent to transmitter after selected frequency point and amplifies, and amplified signal is sent to
Antenna is radiated.While processor exports modulated signal, a tone signal is also exported, is existed with frequency modulating signal
Certain intervals are output to transmitter, antenna jointly.
Signal processor handles observing and controlling instruction, telemetry parameter, for emitting link, after telemetry intelligence (TELINT) is encoded,
Aerial radiation is sent to commonly through transmitter and is gone out with aforementioned ephemeris signal, tone signal after being modulated to selected frequency point, for
Receives link is transferred to spaceborne computer or communication payload pipe after the signal from antenna, receiver is demodulated, decoded
Reason unit is handled.
(2) accurately feeder antenna switching and response mechanism are designed
Feeder line side idle port communication Protocol Design is completed, protection interval, interframe protection interval between time slot is determined, determines that time slot is long
The essential informations such as degree, frame length.
Selected satellite feeder antenna switch, it is proposed that selection ferrite switch, tests it and switchs the response time, such as
The ferrite switch time is lower than 10 microseconds.
According to the switch response time be greater than protection interval between time slot: when gateway station predict it is (most short in the following short time
Second grade) need feeder antenna to switch, for switching, when one side subsequent allocations resource, rejects the time slot for a selected time slot or frame
Or frame, the temporal information is on the one hand converted into observing and controlling instruction, observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine is sent to by payload management channel, is surveyed
Satellite platform or communication payload control unit, satellite platform or communication payload are transmitted to after control beacon all-in-one machine demodulating and decoding
After control unit receives the temporal information, the processing thread of corresponding time is reserved, the waiting time to rear accurate execution.
According to the switch response time be less than or equal to time slot between protection interval: gateway station distributing user frequency and time slot money
Source, gateway station guarantee time slot and the frame alignment of all frequencies when distributing resource.When (most short second grade) in the prediction following short time
Feeder antenna is needed to switch, a selected protection interval or a time slot or a frame are converted to the temporal information for switching
Observing and controlling instruction, is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine by payload management channel, is passed after observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine demodulating and decoding
It is defeated by satellite platform or communication payload control unit, after satellite platform or communication payload control unit receive the temporal information,
The processing thread of corresponding time is reserved, the waiting time to rear accurate execution.
When feeder link connection, gateway station work, gateway station receiver can be real by the signal-to-noise ratio situation of change that receives
When judge feeder link channel condition situation, judge whether to need to carry out power control, whether need to can be changed communication payload
Attenuator carries out gain control, when needing to carry out gain control to satellite load, can generate telecommand at once, pass through observing and controlling
Channel engraves note satellite and executes, and reaches the target of quick response changes in channel conditions, thus whens coping with that rain declines, cloud and mist blocks etc.
Variable field scape.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (4)
1. the access of low rail constellation and control system of a kind of beacon observing and controlling and gateway fusion, which is characterized in that including subscriber station, letter
Close station, satellite platform, communication payload and observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
Itself GPS information, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are issued observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine by satellite platform；
The GPS information received, satellite number and attitude of satellite flag bit are fused to ephemeris information by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine, are held
Supervention penetrates beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；
Subscriber station and gateway station receive beacon tone signal and ephemeris information as needed, and combine self poisoning and posture information
Respective antenna is obtained to be directed toward and control respective antenna direction communication payload；
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station detected beacon signals signal-to-noise ratio judges that communication carries according to signal-to-noise ratio
The variation of feeding link wireless channel conditions between lotus and gateway station, and change what generation controlled communication payload gain accordingly
It instructs and is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；The beacon signal includes beacon tone signal and ephemeris information；
After gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, gateway station is distributed according to self-position calculates communication payload feed antennas switch
The time of switching is simultaneously converted into switching control instruction, is then sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
The instruction received is transmitted to satellite platform by observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；
Satellite platform executes the gain control instruction and switching control instruction to communication payload；
Communication payload is controlled the attenuation of adjustment own gain control module by gain control instruction, and is referred to according to switching
Enable switched feed antenna.
2. the access of low rail constellation and control system of a kind of beacon observing and controlling as described in claim 1 and gateway fusion, feature
It is, the observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine includes spaceborne signal processor, transmitter and antenna, and the satellite navigation on satellite platform connects
Receipts machine is connected with spaceborne signal processor cable, itself GPS information that spaceborne signal processor transmits navigation neceiver, satellite
Number and attitude of satellite flag bit format transformation are ephemeris information, and selected frequency point hair is modulated to after encoding to ephemeris information
Transmitter is given, spaceborne signal processor also exports beacon tone signal, and there are compartment of terrain to be sent to frequency modulating signal
Machine is penetrated, antenna, the letter that antenna will receive are amplified and are sent to the modulated signal received and beacon tone signal by transmitter
It number radiate.
3. the access of low rail constellation and control system of a kind of beacon observing and controlling as described in claim 1 and gateway fusion, feature
It is, the communication payload feed antennas switch is ferrite switch.
4. the access of low rail constellation and control system of a kind of beacon observing and controlling as described in claim 1 and gateway fusion, feature
It is, after gateway station antenna is directed toward communication payload, if greater than star time-division response time of communication payload feed antennas switch
Protection interval between the time slot of communication protocol: gateway station selectes a time slot or frame for switching, when one side subsequent allocations resource
The time slot or frame are rejected, the temporal information is on the one hand converted into observing and controlling instruction and is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine；If communication carries
The response time of lotus feed antennas switch is less than or equal to protection interval between the time slot: gateway station distributing user frequency and time slot
Resource, gateway station guarantee time slot and the frame alignment of all frequencies when distributing resource；A selected protection interval or a time slot
Or one frame for switching, and the temporal information is converted into observing and controlling instruction and is sent to observing and controlling beacon all-in-one machine.
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| CN112512066A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-16 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Satellite-borne high-low speed hybrid data transmission system |
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