CN110208262A - A kind of method of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil - Google Patents
A kind of method of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110208262A CN110208262A CN201811588186.1A CN201811588186A CN110208262A CN 110208262 A CN110208262 A CN 110208262A CN 201811588186 A CN201811588186 A CN 201811588186A CN 110208262 A CN110208262 A CN 110208262A
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- titanium dioxide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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Abstract
The present invention devises a kind of method for measuring colloid distribution of movement in unsaturated soil, comprising the following steps: takes undisturbed soil using transparent cylindrical container dress；Sufficiently saturation earth pillar, and ensure that no leak, seep water phenomenon；Deploy the nano-titanium dioxide colloid of various concentration；Stirring colloidal solution is needed before casting, is uniformly distributed in titanium dioxide granule in solution；Colloid is poured in earth pillar surface；It stands and takes out earth pillar after antecedent soil moisture for a period of time, carry out slices across processing, obtain cylindric earth pillar sample；It matches suitable components and sets up ultraviolet imagery system, including is ultraviolet source, ultraviolet by filter and ultraviolet-cameras, ultraviolet imagery is carried out to sample；Sample image is handled, estimates that titanium dioxide in the flux of each sample layer, acquires titanium dioxide volume, draws volume distribution map.Operation of the present invention is simple, method is clear, has originality in the field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to colloid movements point in agricultural soil field of measuring technique more particularly to a kind of measurement unsaturated soil
The method of cloth.
Background technique
Non-saturated region soil is to maintain farm output, maintains and improve the basis of the ecosystem, since it is different degrees of
Matric suction also becomes the channel that many pollutants enter ground water regime.Colloid is a kind of more uniform mixture, dispersion
Matter particle diameter is that the multiphase of a kind of high degree of dispersion between coarse dispersion system and solution is uneven between 1-100nm
System, due to having the characteristics that small partial size, large specific surface area, surface with charge and surface functional group abundant, colloid at
For one of factor the most active in soil, and during the motion, colloid can adsorb heavy metal, organic agricultural chemicals and organic dirt
The substances such as object are contaminated, these pollutants is promoted to enter deep soil and groundwater environment, therefore, the fortune of mobility colloid in soil
It is dynamic to materially increase hazards of pollutants range and difficulty of governance.
The movement characteristic of research colloid in the soil can provide guidance for the improvement of pollutant, make the soil in agricultural land
Resume work more rationally effective, reduces treatment cost.Various non-destructive monitoring technology under laboratory condition, as fluorescence at
As the technical methods such as technology, photon radiation imaging method, transmission electronic microscope technology are used under the conditions of saturation, unsaturation
Colloid migration is monitored, however these technologies can not reflect the motion conditions of colloid in the soil.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of sides of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil
Method, operation is simple, method is clear, colloid distribution of movement in efficient precise measurement measurement unsaturated soil.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: providing colloid fortune in a kind of measurement unsaturated soil
The method of dynamic distribution, this approach includes the following steps, step 1, and dress takes undisturbed soil in column transparent vessel, sufficiently saturation earth pillar；
And ensure that no leak, seep water phenomenon.
Step 2 deploys nano-titanium dioxide colloid, and records the concentration of allotment, and colloid is poured in earth pillar surface and quiet
It sets；It needs to shake colloidal solution before casting, is uniformly distributed in titanium dioxide nanoparticle in solution, fully penetrates into soil to liquid
Afterwards, 1-2 days are stood, guarantees that colloidal tio 2 is sufficiently lower and seeps.
Step 3 takes out earth pillar, carries out slices across processing, obtains cylindrical sample, and each thickness of sample is equal, with a thickness of
0.5-1.5cm。
Step 4, apolegamy suitable components set up ultraviolet imagery system, including ultraviolet source, ultraviolet by filter and ultraviolet phase
Machine carries out ultraviolet imagery to sample.
Step 5 handles sample image, calculates titanium dioxide in the flux of each sample layer, acquires titanium dioxide volume.And
Volume distribution map can be drawn.With colloidal tio 2 as tracer, titanium dioxide physicochemical properties are stablized, not and in soil
Substance chemically react, surface will not be covered by mud particles, reference white characteristic can be kept in soil, without into
Row color development treatment, it is nontoxic, it not will cause soil pollution.
According to the above technical scheme, in the step 4, the light source wave band for carrying out ultraviolet imagery is 280nm hereinafter, being
380-400nm。
Using ultraviolet imagery technology, the ultraviolet waves of titanium dioxide granule, ultraviolet source, ultraviolet filter and ultraviolet-cameras are analyzed
Duan Tedian is set up ultraviolet imagery equipment and is imaged.Nano-titanium dioxide to the absorption wave crest of ultraviolet light in 310nm or so, from
Wave crest declines rapidly to two sides, trap.If 280nm imaging source wavelength below, that selects is ultraviolet by the logical of filter
Crossing wavelength peak should be near optical source wavelength, and is preferably provided with wider passband, to make full use of ultraviolet source.
Ultraviolet imagery chip, which also copes with 280nm ultraviolet band below, preferable exciter response, current ultraviolet imagery
The sensitivity that chip is directed to 275nm, 420nm and 560nm spectral coverage respectively optimizes, and use can be selected and carry out to 275nm spectral coverage
Ultraviolet-cameras of the chip of optimization as imager chip.
According to the above technical scheme, in the step 4, ultraviolet imagery device is by 275nm ultraviolet source, the ultraviolet filter of 280nm
And the chip optimized to 275nm spectral coverage is used to form as the ultraviolet-cameras of imager chip, wherein filter need to be mounted on phase
Before machine camera lens, which measures the utilization rate of ultraviolet source with ω, in which:
Wherein γ be titanium dioxide to the absorptivity of ultraviolet light,It is ultraviolet-cameras to count ultraviolet permeability, the ε of filter
Spectral coverage sensitivity.
According to the above technical scheme, nano-titanium dioxide has good physical stability, will not be by the soil
Soil attachment, is rendered as apparent white, and compared to soil, titanium dioxide is much higher to the reflectivity of ultraviolet light, can
Obvious hot spot is formed, titanium dioxide granule distribution is easily obtained from figure.The step 5 is specifically, first to sample drawing
As carrying out gray processing, the complexity of image data is reduced, threshold value is then selected, binary conversion treatment is carried out, by nano-titanium dioxide
Region is extracted from image；Obtain the distribution map G of titanium dioxide.
According to the above technical scheme, proceed as follows to distribution map G: step 1 is called in OpenCV
Findcontours () function carries out connected domain extraction to G, obtains the number m of white area and the pixel in each region
Number Xi；Step 2 calculates the mean pixel points E of titanium dioxide aggregation agglomerate in G figure,
Step 3, titanium dioxide are nanometer materials, although having aggregation properties, agglomerate will not be very big, utilize two
This characteristic of titanium oxide and 2) in the E that seeks, to the X for being greater than 2EiZero setting obtains final titanium dioxide pixel number S,
According to above formula, the pixel number S of each section upper surface and lower surface can be obtained1With S2, two in the sample are calculated accordingly
Titanium oxide content,
Wherein, d is thickness of sample.
Based on the fact that
1) each layer soil property is not much different；
2) titanium dioxide granule is less in upper soll layer noresidue or residual, and guaranteeing it in the soil has good circulation
Property；
3) suction-operated due to colloidal tio 2 to microorganism and organic pollutant, movement velocity gradually decrease.
Following features are distributed in the volume of titanium dioxide:
1) titanium dioxide contained by the sample of both ends is less；
2) have the characteristics that rising anxious after first delaying, the influence that reaction colloid suction-operated moves titanium dioxide granule.
According to the above technical scheme, select the partial size of nano-titanium dioxide in 100nm or less.Particle is smaller, even if in particle
Agglomerate is formed under the action of aggregation, size is still micron order, and conventional method is difficult to measure.Titanium dioxide is a kind of white nothing
Machine pigment, has nontoxic, optimal opacity, best whiteness and brightness, and physicochemical properties are stablized.
Titanium dioxide has certain reflection and absorption, and the wave of its reflection-absorption intensity and ultraviolet light to ultraviolet light
Length is related, therefore selected absorption intensity is weaker or the stronger ultraviolet band of reflected intensity is as imaging source；In addition, natural environment
Present in visible light source and infrared light supply imaging can also be interfered, specific filter need to be used, filter out visible light and red
Outer light；It is finally imaged using the camera with ultraviolet imagery function, imaging band need to be with filter to matching.
The beneficial effect comprise that: (1) experimental provision simple, easily operated；
(2) use colloidal tio 2 as tracer, green non-pollution, and experiment effect is good；
(3) titanium dioxide distribution is sought by optical imaging method, reduces experiment complexity；
(4) use ultraviolet source as imaging source, titanium dioxide distribution is obvious, reduces image procossing difficulty.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is a kind of ultraviolet filter wavelength transmittance curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the spectral coverage sensitivity curve figure of UV chip in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is of the invention to elaborate that this example takes the original-state soils such as sandy soil, clay to be tested
Scheme, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: the undisturbed soil of acquirement being packed into experimental provision shown in FIG. 1, earth pillar length takes 25cm；
Step 2: deploying the nano-titanium dioxide colloid of 2%-4%, colloid is poured in earth pillar surface, 6-7 days are stood, to soil
Earth is dry；
Step 3: taking out earth pillar, carry out slicing treatment, thickness 1cm；
Step 4: being imaged using imaging device, obtain experimental image；:
Image data is handled by above-mentioned steps, steps are as follows for calculating:
(1) pretreatment such as gray processing, binaryzation and edge extracting is carried out to image, obtains titanium dioxide distribution；
(2) according to E value, the white area in figure is carried out to delete choosing, seeks the titanium dioxide pixel point areas S of each sample；
Step 5: acquiring titanium dioxide volume using formula (4), draw volume distribution map.
Fig. 2 is the spectral coverage sensitivity curve figure of UV chip in the embodiment of the present invention.This example is by choosing sandy soil, clay etc.
Original-state soil is tested, and colloid distribution of movement in ultraviolet imagery technology estimation unsaturated soil is used.This method physical concept
Clear, calculation method is simple, and easily operated, experimental result is intuitive, has originality in the field.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil, which is characterized in that this approach includes the following steps,
Step 1, dress take undisturbed soil in column transparent vessel, sufficiently saturation earth pillar；
Step 2 deploys nano-titanium dioxide colloid, and records the concentration of allotment, and colloid is poured in earth pillar surface and stood；
Step 3 takes out earth pillar, carries out slices across processing, obtains cylindrical sample；
Step 4 carries out ultraviolet imagery to sample；
Step 5 handles sample image, calculates titanium dioxide in the flux of each sample layer, acquires titanium dioxide volume.
2. the method for colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In rapid four, the light source wave band for carrying out ultraviolet imagery is 280nm hereinafter, being 380-400nm.
3. the method for colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 4, ultraviolet imagery device mainly carries out 275nm spectral coverage by 275nm ultraviolet source, the ultraviolet filter of 280nm and use
The chip of optimization is formed as the ultraviolet-cameras of imager chip, and before wherein filter need to be mounted on camera lens, the device is to ultraviolet
The utilization rate of light source is measured with ω, in which:
Wherein γ be titanium dioxide to the absorptivity of ultraviolet light,To count the spectral coverage that ultraviolet permeability, the ε of filter are ultraviolet-cameras
Sensitivity.
4. the method for colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that institute
Step 5 is stated specifically, carrying out gray processing to sample image first, the complexity of image data is reduced, then selects threshold value, into
Row binary conversion treatment extracts in nano-titanium dioxide region from image；Obtain the distribution map G of titanium dioxide.
5. the method for colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that distribution
Figure G is proceeded as follows:
Step 1 calls findcontours () function in OpenCV, carries out connected domain extraction to G, obtains white area
The number m and pixel number X in each regioni；
Step 2 calculates the mean pixel points E of titanium dioxide aggregation agglomerate in G figure,
Step 3 obtains final titanium dioxide pixel number S,
According to above formula, the pixel number S of each section upper surface and lower surface can be obtained1With S2, the titanium dioxide in the sample is calculated accordingly
Ti content,
Wherein, d is thickness of sample.
6. the method for colloid distribution of movement in measurement unsaturated soil according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that choosing
The partial size of nano-titanium dioxide is selected in 100nm or less.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111259558A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Method for three-dimensional visualization of colloid motion distribution in unsaturated soil |
| CN112345413A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-09 | 武汉大学 | Method for testing global distribution of infiltration water and inorganic solute under micro-spray irrigation condition |
| CN117054293A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for measuring movement path of soil colloid in aeration zone |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111259558A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-09 | 武汉大学 | Method for three-dimensional visualization of colloid motion distribution in unsaturated soil |
| CN112345413A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-02-09 | 武汉大学 | Method for testing global distribution of infiltration water and inorganic solute under micro-spray irrigation condition |
| CN112345413B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-12-17 | 武汉大学 | Method for testing global distribution of infiltration water and inorganic solute under micro-spray irrigation condition |
| CN117054293A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for measuring movement path of soil colloid in aeration zone |
| CN117054293B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-23 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for measuring movement path of soil colloid in aeration zone |
| CN117091997A (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-11-21 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method and device for directly measuring longitudinal dynamic dispersion coefficient of river colloid |
| CN117091997B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-12-22 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method and device for directly measuring longitudinal dynamic dispersion coefficient of river colloid |
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Application publication date: 20190906 |