CN110202224B - Cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining - Google Patents
Cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202224B CN110202224B CN201910457825.9A CN201910457825A CN110202224B CN 110202224 B CN110202224 B CN 110202224B CN 201910457825 A CN201910457825 A CN 201910457825A CN 110202224 B CN110202224 B CN 110202224B
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- cam shaft
- rotary tool
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining manufacturing, in particular to a cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining. The method aims at solving the problems that the prior art is difficult to process the inner wall structure with larger processing depth requirement, the processing precision is poor and the processing efficiency is low. The technical scheme of the invention comprises a cathode mounting frame, wherein the cathode mounting frame is arranged at the upper part of a base and is connected with the base through a double-head screw rod, a cam shaft is arranged at the center of the base, 3 cams are arranged on the cam shaft, tapered roller bearings are arranged between the cam shaft and the base and are respectively arranged at shaft necks at two sides of the cam shaft, an output shaft of a stepping motor is connected with the cam shaft through keys to realize the horizontal rotation of the cam shaft in the base, the base is annular, transverse stepped through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with arc-shaped working surfaces are uniformly arranged in the annular base, stepped push rods are respectively arranged in the through holes, and each arc-shaped working surface is uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base and fixedly connected with the push rods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining manufacturing, in particular to a cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining.
Background
In the fields of aviation, aerospace, weapons, petroleum and the like, complex inner wall structures exist on more key parts made of difficult-to-process metal materials. For example, a plurality of groups of ring groove structures with different depths and different diameters are often designed in the oil delivery pipe, the ring groove structures have important significance for sealing the end face of the pipeline joint, and the sealing reliability can be effectively improved on the premise of meeting the mechanical property. Because of the difficult cutting of materials, the machining modes such as boring and the like have low machining efficiency, the cutter has serious abrasion and poor accessibility, the concentricity is influenced by cutter changing, macroscopic cutting stress exists, and the problems such as cutter marks exist on the machined surface. Particularly, when the machining depth is large or the distance from the entrance is long, even the machining cannot be performed, the machining and forming of the complex inner wall structure of the difficult-to-machine material are difficult, and the following machining technologies are often considered to be adopted in the prior art:
1. the electric spark machining technology is a common method used for machining complex inner wall structures of difficult-to-machine materials, but has low machining efficiency, tool electrodes are worn, and the machining surface has metamorphic layers, microcracks and the like and cannot be used in occasions with machining requirements of no metamorphic layers, no microcracks, no thermal stress and the like.
2. The electrolytic machining technology is a special machining technology for dissolving and removing metal materials in an ionic state based on an anodic dissolution principle, is non-contact machining, is not limited by the strength, hardness and toughness of the machined materials, has no macroscopic cutting force and cutting heat in the process of machining a deep ring groove of a complex inner wall, does not generate stress and burrs on the machined surface, and is an ideal technology for machining a complex inner wall structure of a difficult-to-cut material; at present, the electrolytic machining technology is widely applied to machining of complex inner wall structures of difficult-to-machine materials, but when the complex inner wall deep ring grooves are machined by utilizing traditional fixed copy electrolytic machining, the depth of a machined groove is generally smaller, and when the requirement on replication precision is higher, the depth of the machined groove is even smaller than 1mm. Thus, existing electrolytic machining techniques have difficulty machining complex inner wall structures with both high precision and large machining depth requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining of difficult-to-machine metal materials, which aims to solve the problems that the prior art is difficult to machine an inner wall structure with larger machining depth requirement, has poor machining precision and has low machining efficiency.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the cam expanding type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining is characterized in that: the device comprises a cathode mounting frame, a stepping motor, a cam shaft, a tapered roller bearing, a push rod, a base and a plurality of arc-shaped working surfaces;
the cathode mounting frame set up in the upper portion of base and be connected with the base through double-end screw rod, the camshaft sets up in the center of base, is provided with 3 cams on the camshaft, tapered roller bearing sets up between camshaft and base and sets up in camshaft both sides axle journal department respectively, step motor's output shaft pass through key connection with the camshaft, realize the horizontal rotation of camshaft in the base, the base be cyclic annular, evenly offered in the cyclic annular base with the horizontal ladder through-hole of arc working face one-to-one, be provided with echelonment push rod in the through-hole respectively, every arc working face equipartition sets up on the circumference of base and links firmly with the push rod.
The two tapered roller bearings are arranged on the cam shaft, and the outer sides of the two tapered roller bearings are fixedly sealed through bearing end covers respectively.
The stepper motor is arranged in the hollow cathode mounting frame and fixedly connected above the bearing end cover.
The top of the cathode mounting frame is provided with external threads connected with a main shaft of an electrolytic machining machine tool.
The push rod is connected with the arc-shaped working surface through threads.
The base, the stepping motor and the cam on the cam shaft are all coated with insulating materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention uses a single cathode on-line processing mode, avoids positioning errors caused by the need of replacing cathodes when a plurality of groups of cathodes are used for processing, and realizes high-efficiency and high-precision electrolytic processing of a complex inner wall structure, so that the structure is suitable for electrolytic processing of complex inner wall structures with different depths in a certain range, and the processing surface can be laterally expanded;
2. according to the invention, corresponding electric parameters can be set according to the removal rate of the processed material, the stepping motor is controlled to drive the cam shaft to rotate at a certain horizontal rotation speed and rotation angle, the lateral feeding displacement of the arc-shaped working surface is controlled, and the high-efficiency and high-precision electrolytic processing process of the inner wall structure with different diameter requirements in the same vertical round hole is realized;
3. the invention can realize that the diameter of the arc-shaped working surface is synchronously and controllably expanded along with the removal speed of the complex inner wall material, so that the machining gap in the electrolysis process is kept stable, and the high-precision machining of the complex inner wall structure of the difficult-to-machine metal material is realized;
4. according to the invention, the electrolytic machining efficiency can be further improved by increasing the surface ratio of the fan-shaped cathode at the circumferential position according to actual machining requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotary variable diameter electrochemical machining cathode of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a rotary variable diameter electrochemical machining cathode;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a rotary variable diameter electrochemical machining cathode base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the variation of the diameter of the cathode;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the change in diameter of the cathode;
marking: 1-cathode mounting frame, 2-stepper motor, 3-camshaft, 4-tapered roller bearing, 5-bearing end cover, 6-push rod, 7-base and 8-arc working face.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a cam expanding type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining, which comprises a cathode mounting frame 1, a stepping motor 2, a cam shaft 3, a tapered roller bearing 4, a push rod 6, a base 7 and 3 arc-shaped working surfaces 8;
the top of the cathode mounting frame 1 is provided with external threads connected with a main shaft of an electrolytic machining machine tool, and the main shaft rotates to drive the cathode to integrally rotate;
the cathode mounting frame 1 is arranged on the upper portion of the base 7 and is connected with the base 7 through a double-headed screw rod, the cam shaft 3 is arranged at the center of the base 7, 3 cams are arranged on the cam shaft 3, tapered roller bearings 4 are arranged between the cam shaft 3 and the base 7 and are respectively arranged at shaft necks on two sides of the cam shaft 3, the two tapered roller bearings 4 are arranged on the cam shaft, the outer sides of the two tapered roller bearings are respectively fixedly sealed through bearing end covers 5, and the stepping motor 2 is arranged inside the hollow cathode mounting frame 1 and fixedly connected above the bearing end covers 5.
The output shaft of the stepping motor 2 is connected with the cam shaft 3 through a key, so that the cam shaft 3 horizontally rotates in the base 7, the base 7 is annular, transverse stepped through holes (square holes) corresponding to the 3 arc-shaped working faces 8 one by one are uniformly formed in the annular base 7, stepped push rods 6 are respectively arranged in the through holes and used for limiting the two degrees of freedom except the axial direction, the four degrees of freedom are improved, the displacement precision is improved, elastic elements are arranged in the hole grooves, and the push rods and the arc-shaped working faces are ensured to be in the position of not expanding after the thrust action and the machining of the cam shaft are not finished. The working limit position of the elastic element is limited by a first step limit station and a cam limit station on the inner side of the step-shaped push rod, so that the safety and stability of the processing process are ensured.
Each arc-shaped working surface 8 is uniformly distributed on the circumference of the base 7 and fixedly connected with the push rod 6 through screws.
The circumference of the base 7 is uniformly provided with 3 convex arc-shaped working surfaces 8 opposite to the holes and grooves, the other end of the push rod 6 is connected with the arc-shaped working surfaces 8 through screws, the screws are recessed in the arc-shaped working surfaces, the stepping motor 2 fixed on the cathode mounting frame 1 is controlled to drive the cam shaft to horizontally rotate clockwise at a certain rotation speed and at a certain angle, the cam on the cam shaft drives the stepped push rod 6 in the base 7 to expand outwards along the radial direction, the arc-shaped working surfaces 8 are pushed to controllably expand to obtain the required processing diameter, the electrolytic processing cathode is insulated with the stepping motor shell and the rotating cam except the arc-shaped working surfaces 8, and the insulating material is epoxy resin.
The stepping motor 2 adopts a GM15BY-VSM1527-100-10D type motor.
The arc-shaped working surface 8 is made of a metal material with good electric conduction, such as brass, and the like, so that the processing stability is improved.
The whole tool cathode is fixedly connected with the main shaft of the electrolytic machining machine tool through threads through the cathode mounting frame 1, and the tool electrode and the workpiece are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply. And starting an electrolyte circulation system, and shifting the tool cathode to the machining part through spindle feeding. By giving corresponding electric signals, the stepping motor 2 in the cathode mounting frame 1 is controlled to drive the cam shaft 3 to horizontally rotate at a certain angle at a corresponding speed which is matched with the material removal rate, and the stepped push rod 6 in the base 7 is further driven to move along the radial direction, so that the arc-shaped working surface 8 can be controllably expanded to obtain different required processing diameters, and the electrolytic processing of the complex inner wall structure with different diameter requirements is realized.
In this embodiment (see fig. 1), the aim is to machine two complex inner wall structures of different diameters in the prefabricated base hole, respectively.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when the complex inner wall structure is processed, the positive electrode of the stabilized voltage power supply is connected with the workpiece with the base hole, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the invention. The cathode mounting frame 1 is connected with the main shaft of the electrolytic machine tool through external threads. And moving the Z axis of the main shaft, immersing the workpiece and the base of the invention into an electrolytic tank filled with electrolyte, and opening an electrolyte circulation system to prepare for starting processing.
After the machining system is started, the machining voltage and the machining current are adjusted to be proper, then the spindle rotation function is started, and the spindle of the electrolytic machining machine tool drives the machining tool to rotate clockwise and feed downwards slowly. At this time, the arc-shaped working surface 8 is not opened, and only the complex inner wall is subjected to electrolytic finishing processing, so that the surface accuracy of the arc-shaped working surface is improved.
When the stepping motor is fed downwards to a required reaming position, given a corresponding pulse signal, the stepping motor 2 is controlled to rotate at a speed matched with the material to be reamed, and the cam shaft 3 is driven to push the stepped push rod 6 to controllably and gradually expand the arc-shaped working surface 8 within a certain time. While the invention is varied, the excess material of the complex inner wall is gradually removed in ionic form. After reaching the stable machining gap, the stepping motor reversely rotates and returns to the initial state. The inventive cathode continues to be rotated down to another processing station. The above process is repeated so that the arc-shaped working surface 8 is gradually expanded to another working diameter and the corresponding electrolytic machining process is completed. And finally, electrolytic machining results with inner wall structures with different diameters are achieved.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The cam expanding type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining is characterized in that: comprises a cathode mounting frame (1), a stepping motor (2), a cam shaft (3), a tapered roller bearing (4), a push rod (6), a base (7) and a plurality of arc-shaped working surfaces (8);
the cathode mounting frame (1) set up in the upper portion of base (7) and be connected with base (7) through the double-end screw rod, camshaft (3) set up in the center of base (7), be provided with 3 cams on camshaft (3), tapered roller bearing (4) set up between camshaft (3) and base (7) and set up respectively in camshaft (3) both sides axle journal department, the output shaft of step motor (2) pass through the key connection with camshaft (3), realize the horizontal rotation of camshaft (3) in base (7), base (7) be cyclic annular, evenly offered in cyclic annular base (7) with arc working face (8) one-to-one's horizontal ladder through-hole, be provided with echelonment push rod (6) in the through-hole respectively, every arc working face (8) equipartition set up on the circumference of base (7) and link firmly with push rod (6).
2. The cam expanding rotary tool cathode for electrochemical machining of claim 1, wherein: the two tapered roller bearings (4) are arranged on the cam shaft (3), and the outer sides of the two tapered roller bearings are fixedly sealed through bearing end covers (5).
3. A cam-expanding rotary tool cathode for electrochemical machining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the stepping motor (2) is arranged in the hollow cathode mounting frame (1) and fixedly connected above the bearing end cover (5).
4. A cam expanding rotary tool cathode for electrochemical machining according to claim 3, wherein: the top of the cathode mounting frame (1) is provided with external threads connected with a main shaft of an electrolytic machining machine tool.
5. The cam expanding rotary tool cathode for electrochemical machining of claim 4, wherein: the push rod (6) is connected with the arc-shaped working surface (8) through threads.
6. The cam expanding rotary tool cathode for electrochemical machining of claim 5, wherein: the base (7), the stepping motor (2) and the cam on the cam shaft (3) are all coated with insulating materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910457825.9A CN110202224B (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910457825.9A CN110202224B (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110202224A CN110202224A (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| CN110202224B true CN110202224B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910457825.9A Active CN110202224B (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Cam expansion type rotary tool cathode for electrolytic machining |
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| CN114769758A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 赵水仙 | Electrolytic machining device for machining hole structure |
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| RU2243069C1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-27 | Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет | Apparatus for electrochemical working of parts |
| CN101125379A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2008-02-20 | 广东工业大学 | Cracking connecting-rod initial stress trough two-way processing device |
| CN101961805A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Mechanical vibration electrochemical machining device for special-shaped cross-section deep holes |
| CN102069248A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-05-25 | 广东工业大学 | Device for grooving surface of inner hole in workpiece |
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| CN105364234A (en) * | 2014-08-16 | 2016-03-02 | Emag控股有限公司 | Apparatus for electrochemically machining a metallic workpiece |
| CN108723525A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-02 | 西安工业大学 | A kind of Electrolyzed Processing cathode for inner wall annular groove |
| CN109570661A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 常州工学院 | A kind of cathode for electrochemical machining vibration device |
| CN209953952U (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-01-17 | 西安工业大学 | Rotary tool cathode structure for difficult-to-machine technical materials |
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2019
- 2019-05-29 CN CN201910457825.9A patent/CN110202224B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2243069C1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-27 | Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет | Apparatus for electrochemical working of parts |
| CN101125379A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2008-02-20 | 广东工业大学 | Cracking connecting-rod initial stress trough two-way processing device |
| CN101961805A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Mechanical vibration electrochemical machining device for special-shaped cross-section deep holes |
| CN102069248A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-05-25 | 广东工业大学 | Device for grooving surface of inner hole in workpiece |
| CN102699462A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-03 | 江南大学 | Working solution variable fluidic device adopting high-speed electric spark line cutting |
| CN105364234A (en) * | 2014-08-16 | 2016-03-02 | Emag控股有限公司 | Apparatus for electrochemically machining a metallic workpiece |
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