CN110174186A - A kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device and its detection method - Google Patents
A kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device and its detection method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110174186A CN110174186A CN201910546909.XA CN201910546909A CN110174186A CN 110174186 A CN110174186 A CN 110174186A CN 201910546909 A CN201910546909 A CN 201910546909A CN 110174186 A CN110174186 A CN 110174186A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- temperature
- transformer
- eyepiece
- infrared
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device and its detection methods, including temperature signal transmission device and infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment, the temperature signal transmission device includes shell, object lens, image rotating device and eyepiece, the shell is hollow structure, one end is equipped with object lens, the other end is equipped with eyepiece, transformer shell top offers detection mouth, the inner orbit of vertical direction is installed on the inner sidewall below the transformer shell detection mouth, the outer side of shell wall is provided with outside track, the shell objective end protrudes into inside transformer along notch, the outside track is installed on the inner orbit on transformer shell inner sidewall, the objective end is close to transformer winding and detects acquisition infrared spectroscopy signals, the eyepiece end is close to infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment, and send infrared spectroscopy signals to infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment, Two corners of the shell are equipped with image rotating device, for the refraction of the infrared spectroscopy signals of objective end is transferred to eyepiece end.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to transformer detection technique fields, and in particular to one kind is for detecting inside transformer temperature
Device and its detection method.
Background technique
With the development of electric system, voltage class is continuously improved, and the loss of transformer and problem of temperature rise have become state
The research hotspot problem of border electrical field.Therefore, effectively detection internal temperature has the safe and stable operation for ensuring transformer
Significance.
Currently, the detection method of inside transformer winding temperature mainly has the direct method of measurement and calculates mensuration two indirectly
Kind.The direct method of measurement obtains hot spot temperature of winding using the method for direct merging fibre optical sensor, although its result is more straight
It sees and accurate, but difficulty is big, it is at high cost, and will affect the built-in electrical insulation performance for even destroying transformer.Coiling hot point of transformer
The indirect method of measurement of temperature is mainly based on International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Std C57.91-1995 and national standard GB/
The coiling hot point of transformer temperature computation formula recommended in T15164-1994.The hot spot temperature of winding that national standard is recommended calculates
Method is intuitive, easy, but for the nonlinear characteristic underaction of transformer, and in overload, computational solution precision is not
Foot；In addition there are thermal circuit model method with heater circuit model come the heat distribution inside analogue transformer, the model calculating process is simple,
Prediction result can preferably react transformer temperature, but acquired results precision also needs to further increase.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a kind of inside transformer temperature
Spend detection device and its detection method.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device, in which: filled including temperature signal transmission device and infrared thermal imagery thermometric
It sets, the temperature signal transmission device includes shell, object lens, image rotating device and eyepiece, and the shell is hollow structure, one end
Object lens are installed, the other end is equipped with eyepiece, and transformer shell top offers detection mouth, under the transformer shell detection mouth
The inner orbit of vertical direction is installed on the inner sidewall of side, is fixedly installed with limited block, the outer side of shell below the inner orbit
Wall is provided with outside track, and the shell objective end protrudes into inside transformer along notch, and the outside track is on the inside of transformer shell
Inner orbit on wall slides down to outside track lower end and contradicts to limited block, and the objective end is close to transformer winding and detection is adopted
Collect infrared spectroscopy signals, two corners of the shell are equipped with image rotating device, and the image rotating device is by infrared spectroscopy signals
Refraction is transferred to eyepiece end, and the eyepiece surface is fixed with infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber, and the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber and infrared thermal imagery are surveyed
Warm device connection, for testing and analyzing infrared spectroscopy signals.
To optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, the concrete measure taken further include:
Above-mentioned object lens and eyepiece are fastened on the both ends of shell.
Above-mentioned object lens and eyepiece are infrared light transmission window, and the transmitance of the infrared light transmission window is 95% or more.
The material of above-mentioned infrared light transmission window uses one of quartz, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, silicon, germanium, magnesium fluoride.
Above-mentioned shell eyepiece end is equipped with internal screw thread, and the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is equipped with the internal screw thread phase with shell eyepiece end
The external screw thread of cooperation.
Above-mentioned infrared measurement of temperature outer fiber is equipped with fiber optic protection casing, and the fiber optic protection casing is equipped with and shell eyepiece
The external screw thread that the internal screw thread at end matches.
The quantity of above-mentioned infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is 5~20.
Above-mentioned image rotating device includes two consistent prisms of specification, the prism two for being mounted on shell at 45 °
Corner.
Above-mentioned infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment includes infrared thermal imagery receiver, signal processor and the display being sequentially connected electrically
Screen.
A kind of detection method using above-mentioned inside transformer temperature-detecting device is also disclosed in the present invention, includes following step
It is rapid:
Step A: shell is protruded into inside transformer from transformer top end opening, the outside track on shell is in transformer
It slides into outside track lower end on inner orbit on side wall to contradict on limited block, the objective end of shell is close to transformer winding at this time
Center.
Step B: object lens acquire transformer winding infrared spectroscopy signals, are refracted to by two prisms of housing corners
At eyepiece, infrared thermal imagery receiver receives infrared spectroscopy signals, by spectral signal three-dimensional imaging and is transmitted by signal processor
Onto display screen.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. the external temp measuring method of the transformer-cabinet that compares windowing, the spuious spectrum of this method physical shielding, it is ensured that data
High-fidelity, greatly improve temperature detection accuracy.
2. the detection method for the transformer side windowing that compares, this method open a window in transformer top, guaranteeing transformer
The structural strength of transformer case entirety is also assured while oil-proof.
3. winding temperature detection device of the invention is insinuated into the middle part of oil tank of transformer, winding temperature infrared imaging visual angle is opened
It is wealthy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of inner orbit and outside track of the invention.
Appended drawing reference are as follows: shell 1, object lens 2, image rotating device 3, eyepiece 4, inner orbit 5, outside track 6, limited block 7, infrared heat
As receiver 8, signal processor 9, display screen 10.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device, in which: transmit and fill including temperature signal
Set with infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment, the temperature signal transmission device includes shell 1, object lens 2, image rotating device 3 and eyepiece 4, institute
Stating shell 1 is hollow structure, and one end is equipped with object lens 2, and the other end is equipped with eyepiece 4, and transformer shell top offers inspection
Mouth is surveyed, the inner orbit 5 of vertical direction is installed on the inner sidewall below the transformer shell detection mouth, 5 lower section of inner orbit
It is fixedly installed with limited block 7,1 lateral wall of shell is provided with outside track 6, and transformation is protruded into along notch in 1 object lens of shell, 2 end
Inside device, inner orbit 5 of the outside track 6 on transformer shell inner sidewall slides down to 6 lower end of outside track and contradicts to limit
Position block 7,2 end of object lens is close to transformer winding and detects acquisition infrared spectroscopy signals, two corners peace of the shell 1
Equipped with image rotating device 3, infrared spectroscopy signals refraction is transferred to 4 end of eyepiece by the image rotating device 3, and 4 surface of eyepiece is fixed
There is infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber, the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is connect with infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment, for testing and analyzing infrared spectroscopy letter
Number.
In the present embodiment, object lens 2 and eyepiece 4 are fastened on the both ends of shell 1.
In the present embodiment, object lens 2 and eyepiece 4 are infrared light transmission window, the transmitance of the infrared light transmission window be 95% with
On.
In the present embodiment, the material of infrared light transmission window is using in quartz, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, silicon, germanium, magnesium fluoride
It is a kind of.
In the present embodiment, 1 eyepiece of shell, 4 end is equipped with internal screw thread, and the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is equipped with and 1 eyepiece of shell, 4 end
The external screw thread that matches of internal screw thread.
In the present embodiment, infrared measurement of temperature outer fiber is equipped with fiber optic protection casing, and the fiber optic protection casing is equipped with and shell
The external screw thread that the internal screw thread at 1 eyepiece of body, 4 end matches.
In the present embodiment, the quantity of infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is 5~20.
In the present embodiment, image rotating device 3 includes two consistent prisms of specification, and the prism is at 45 ° to be mounted on shell 1
Liang Ge corner.
In the present embodiment, infrared thermal imagery temperature measuring equipment includes infrared thermal imagery receiver 8, the signal processor being sequentially connected electrically
9 and display screen 10.
When the device works comprising the steps of:
Step A: shell 1 is protruded into inside transformer from transformer top end opening, the outside track 6 on shell 1 is in transformation
It slides into 6 lower end of outside track on inner orbit 5 on device inner sidewall to contradict on limited block 7,2 end of object lens of shell 1 is close at this time
The center of transformer winding.
Step B: object lens 2 acquire transformer winding infrared spectroscopy signals, are reflected by two prisms of 1 corner of shell
To at eyepiece 4, infrared thermal imagery receiver 8 receive infrared spectroscopy signals, by signal processor 9 by spectral signal three-dimensional imaging simultaneously
It is transferred on display screen 10.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as protection of the invention
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device, it is characterised in that: surveyed including temperature signal transmission device and infrared thermal imagery
Warm device, the temperature signal transmission device include shell (1), object lens (2), image rotating device (3) and eyepiece (4), the shell
It (1) is hollow structure, one end is equipped with object lens (2), and the other end is equipped with eyepiece (4), and transformer shell top offers inspection
Mouth is surveyed, the inner orbit (5) of vertical direction, the inner orbit (5) are installed on the inner sidewall below the transformer shell detection mouth
Lower section is fixedly installed with limited block (7), and shell (1) lateral wall is provided with outside track (6), shell (1) object lens (2) end
Inside transformer is protruded into along notch, inner orbit (5) of the outside track (6) on transformer shell inner sidewall slides down to outer
Track (6) lower end is contradicted to limited block (7), and object lens (2) end is close to transformer winding and detects acquisition infrared spectroscopy signals,
Two corners of the shell (1) are equipped with image rotating device (3), and infrared spectroscopy signals are reflected and passed by the image rotating device (3)
Defeated to hold to eyepiece (4), eyepiece (4) surface is fixed with infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber, and the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber and infrared thermal imagery are surveyed
Warm device connection, for testing and analyzing infrared spectroscopy signals.
2. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the object lens (2) and
Eyepiece (4) is fastened on the both ends of shell (1).
3. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the object lens (2) and
Eyepiece (4) is infrared light transmission window, and the transmitance of the infrared light transmission window is 95% or more.
4. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the infrared light transmission window
The material of piece uses one of quartz, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, silicon, germanium, magnesium fluoride.
5. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: shell (1) mesh
Mirror (4) end is equipped with internal screw thread, and the infrared measurement of temperature optical fiber is equipped with the outer spiral shell matched with the internal screw thread that shell (1) eyepiece (4) is held
Line.
6. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the infrared measurement of temperature light
Fine external be equipped with fiber optic protection casing, the fiber optic protection casing is equipped with to be matched with the internal screw thread that shell (1) eyepiece (4) is held
External screw thread.
7. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the infrared measurement of temperature light
Fine quantity is 5~20.
8. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the image rotating device
It (3) include two consistent prisms of specification, the prism Liang Ge corner at 45 ° for being mounted on shell (1).
9. a kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the infrared thermal imagery is surveyed
Warm device includes the infrared thermal imagery receiver (8), signal processor (9) and display screen (10) being sequentially connected electrically.
10. a kind of detection method using the described in any item inside transformer temperature-detecting devices of claim 1-9, including with
Lower step:
Step A: shell (1) is protruded into inside transformer from transformer top end opening, the outside track (6) on shell (1) is becoming
It slides into outside track (6) lower end on inner orbit (5) on depressor inner sidewall to contradict on limited block (7), at this time the object of shell (1)
Mirror (2) is held close to the center of transformer winding.
Step B: object lens (2) acquire transformer winding infrared spectroscopy signals, are reflected by two prisms of shell (1) corner
To at eyepiece (4), infrared thermal imagery receiver (8) receives infrared spectroscopy signals, by signal processor (9) that spectral signal is three-dimensional
It is imaged and is transferred on display screen (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910546909.XA CN110174186B (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Transformer internal temperature detection device and detection method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910546909.XA CN110174186B (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Transformer internal temperature detection device and detection method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110174186A true CN110174186A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| CN110174186B CN110174186B (en) | 2023-12-15 |
Family
ID=67697630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910546909.XA Active CN110174186B (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Transformer internal temperature detection device and detection method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110174186B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060250683A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Qualitrol Corporation | Transformer temperature monitoring and control |
| CN104165707A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-26 | 国家电网公司 | Method for monitoring temperature of femtosecond all-fiber raman power transformer based on image transmission guide |
| CN207165405U (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-03-30 | 浙江迪盛新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of high radiating transformer for wind power generation |
| WO2018126273A1 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2018-07-05 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Systems and methods for monitoring components in a power transformer or the like |
| CN208672178U (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | A kind of contactless spectrum temperature measuring equipment of for transformer winding |
| CN210037003U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Transformer internal temperature detection device |
-
2019
- 2019-06-25 CN CN201910546909.XA patent/CN110174186B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060250683A1 (en) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-11-09 | Qualitrol Corporation | Transformer temperature monitoring and control |
| CN104165707A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-26 | 国家电网公司 | Method for monitoring temperature of femtosecond all-fiber raman power transformer based on image transmission guide |
| WO2018126273A1 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2018-07-05 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Systems and methods for monitoring components in a power transformer or the like |
| CN207165405U (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-03-30 | 浙江迪盛新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of high radiating transformer for wind power generation |
| CN208672178U (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | A kind of contactless spectrum temperature measuring equipment of for transformer winding |
| CN210037003U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Transformer internal temperature detection device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110174186B (en) | 2023-12-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102539005B (en) | Coupling-based non-contact temperature measurement system and coupling-based non-contact temperature measurement method | |
| CN202362401U (en) | Device for measuring electric field distribution of high-voltage live insulator | |
| CN102879107B (en) | Thermal infrared downlink radiation measuring device and measuring method thereof | |
| CN106539567A (en) | Body core temperature is measured | |
| CN109870637A (en) | Robot for detecting inside of oil-immersed transformer | |
| CN111564022A (en) | Intelligent terminal for detecting panoramic display of multi-target temperature data images | |
| CN110174186A (en) | A kind of inside transformer temperature-detecting device and its detection method | |
| CN108917938A (en) | A kind of extension type infrared temperature measurement apparatus | |
| CN208805158U (en) | It is a kind of to measure accurately thermometric rangefinder | |
| CN210037003U (en) | Transformer internal temperature detection device | |
| CN208887726U (en) | A kind of monitoring device of battery volume change | |
| CN103884448A (en) | Inbuilt type X-ray imaging method and device for measuring temperature in member | |
| CN109709312A (en) | Wireless penetration controls concrete freeze thawing machine | |
| CN205506245U (en) | Novel portable temperature measurement box of wireless transmission | |
| CN112985611B (en) | THz passive radiation temperature measuring device | |
| CN109654974A (en) | A kind of charged electric power apparatus measuring device | |
| CN106290177B (en) | Tinned fruit color on-line determination device | |
| CN202362077U (en) | Temperature monitoring device for electronic collector | |
| CN110907505B (en) | Non-contact online real-time moisture detector | |
| CN114235157A (en) | Thermal infrared imager with TOF sensor | |
| CN105487185A (en) | Communication optical cable for pipeline leakage detection | |
| CN209148153U (en) | A kind of rotor non-contact temperature measuring device | |
| CN208688687U (en) | Information centralized processing device | |
| CN202836794U (en) | Portable apparatus for measuring temperature of transmission line wire | |
| CN213579773U (en) | Novel thermal imaging temperature measuring instrument |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |