CN110159187B - High wind pressure down-the-hole hammer - Google Patents
High wind pressure down-the-hole hammer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110159187B CN110159187B CN201910621174.2A CN201910621174A CN110159187B CN 110159187 B CN110159187 B CN 110159187B CN 201910621174 A CN201910621174 A CN 201910621174A CN 110159187 B CN110159187 B CN 110159187B
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 21
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer, which belongs to the technical field of downhole tools. The impactor consists of an outer shell, an upper joint, a lower joint, a drill bit and an impact piston, wherein the upper joint is arranged at one end of the outer shell through threads, the lower joint is arranged at the other end of the outer shell through threads, the drill bit is arranged on the lower joint through a retaining ring, and the impact piston is arranged between the upper joint and the drill bit through a sleeve and a drill bit tail pipe. The impactor can effectively change the gas flow rate through changing the back gas regulating plug, so that the impact frequency of the impactor can be effectively changed to cope with different rock strata and improve the drilling efficiency; meanwhile, the possibility of fracture failure of the impact piston and the drill bit in the impact process of the impact piston and the drill bit can be effectively reduced, and the problems that the existing impactor is low in drilling efficiency and the impact part is easy to fracture and fail due to the fact that the impact frequency cannot be changed according to rock stratum are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer, which belongs to the technical field of downhole tools.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous increase of investment to infrastructure and various mining sites in China, the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer has received great attention in the technical field of rock breaking machinery by virtue of the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, convenient maintenance, capability of effectively removing rock fragments at the bottom of a well, no restriction on drilling depth, capability of reducing abrasion of drilling tools and the like. Along with the rapid development of the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer drilling technology, the application field of the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer is widened continuously, and the pneumatic down-the-hole hammer is gradually developed from initial blasting hole construction to hydrologic water well drilling, geological core exploration, reservoir dam foundation curtain grouting, engineering geological exploration, non-excavation pipeline laying, building foundation, geotechnical engineering and other almost all drilling construction fields.
The pneumatic down-the-hole hammer uses high-pressure air as a power source to drive a piston in the hammer to reciprocate at high speed and high frequency, so that the piston obtains enough energy to impact a drill bit to perform drilling operation. The impact force acts on the drill bit in the form of stress wave, and huge impact energy is generated in extremely short time, so that the rock can be effectively broken, the hole can be quickly formed, and the purpose of drilling the rock can be achieved.
In the rock drilling process of the impactor, when the impactor encounters softer rock stratum characteristics, the high frequency of the impactor is more beneficial to drilling, but the conventional impactor cannot change the impact frequency according to the stratum, so that the drilling efficiency of the conventional impactor is lower; meanwhile, the problem that the impact part of the existing impactor breaks and fails frequently in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the drilling efficiency is improved by changing the impact frequency to cope with different rock strata; and meanwhile, the possibility of fracture failure of the impact part can be effectively reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer, it comprises shell body, top connection, lower clutch, bore bit and impact piston, and the top connection is installed to the one end screw thread of shell body, and the lower clutch is installed to the other end screw thread of shell body, is equipped with the bore bit through the holding ring on the lower clutch, its characterized in that: a sleeve is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell below the upper joint, a gas distribution seat is arranged on the inner wall of the upper end of the sleeve in a threaded manner, a check valve is movably arranged on the gas distribution seat, the check valve is in sealing contact connection with the upper joint, a mounting pipe is arranged at the center of the bottom of the gas distribution seat, and a gas regulating plug is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting pipe through a flange thread; an impact piston is movably arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve pipe below the air distribution seat, and is in intermittent contact connection with the drill bit.
The air regulating plug is in a stepped round table shape, and an air regulating hole is formed in the center of the air regulating plug.
The center part of the end face of the drill bit is provided with a vent hole, the upper end of the vent hole is fixedly provided with a drill tail pipe, one end of the drill tail pipe extends to the upper part of the drill bit, and ventilation holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the upper end of the drill tail pipe extending to the upper part of the drill bit; the bottom of the drill bit is fixedly provided with diamond teeth, the bottom of the drill bit on one side of the diamond teeth is provided with an air hole, and the air hole is communicated with the lower end of the vent hole.
Rectangular ventilation grooves are uniformly distributed on the top end face of the air distribution seat, annular air distribution grooves are formed in the circumference of the air distribution seat below the rectangular ventilation grooves, radial communication holes of the air distribution seat are uniformly distributed on the annular air distribution grooves, and the radial communication holes of the air distribution seat are communicated with a central hole of the assembly pipe.
The outer diameter of the middle part of the circumference of the sleeve is smaller than the outer diameters of the two ends, the circumference of the sleeve is uniformly distributed with sleeve radial upper communication holes corresponding to the annular gas distribution grooves, the inner wall of the sleeve below the sleeve radial upper communication holes is provided with a ventilation shoulder, and the sleeve below the ventilation shoulder is uniformly distributed with sleeve radial lower communication holes.
The impact piston is a reducing cylinder, a central through hole is formed in the central part of the end face of the impact piston, axial holes are uniformly distributed on the end face of the impact piston at one side of the central through hole, an impact piston radial communication hole A is correspondingly formed in the impact piston at one side of the axial holes and is respectively communicated with the axial holes and the central through hole, an impact piston radial communication hole B is arranged on the circumference of the impact piston above the impact piston radial communication hole A in a staggered manner with the impact piston radial communication hole A, the impact piston radial communication hole B is communicated with the central through hole, an axial air guide groove is correspondingly formed on the circumference of the impact piston at one side of the central through hole, a sealing flange is arranged on the circumference of the impact piston below the axial air guide groove, and an axial air storage groove is uniformly distributed on the circumference of the impact piston below the sealing flange; the impact piston is in intermittent sealing connection with the outer shell through a sealing flange.
One end of the central through hole is connected with the outer wall of the assembly pipe in a sliding sealing way, and the other end of the central through hole is connected with the drill shank pipe extending to the upper part of the drill bit in a sliding contact way.
Annular ventilation grooves are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the central through holes corresponding to the radial communication holes A and the radial communication holes B of the impact piston.
The assembly pipe above the gas regulating piston is symmetrically provided with an elongated assembly pipe radial communication hole which is intermittently communicated with the impact piston radial communication hole A and the impact piston radial communication hole B respectively.
An annular air passage is formed in the inner wall of the outer shell, and corresponds to the sealing flange.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the high-wind-pressure down-the-hole impactor, the gas flow rate can be effectively changed through the replaced air adjusting plug, so that the impact frequency of the impactor can be effectively changed, and the drilling efficiency can be improved due to the fact that different rock strata are dealt with; meanwhile, the rigid collision degree of the impact piston and the drill bit in the impact process can be effectively reduced, so that the possibility of fracture failure of the impact piston and the drill bit can be effectively reduced, and the problems that the existing impactor cannot change the impact frequency according to rock stratum, so that the drilling efficiency is low, and the impact part is easy to fracture and fail are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a valve seat of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of an impact piston of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an impact piston of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view at C in FIG. 1;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the working state of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the outer casing, 2, the upper joint, 3, the lower joint, 4, the drill bit, 5, the impact piston, 6, the diamond teeth, 7, the guide sleeve, 8, the retaining ring, 9, the vent hole, 10, the drill shank, 11, the vent hole, 12, the vent hole, 13, the sleeve, 14, the valve seat, 15, the spring, 16, the sealing head, 17, the assembly groove, 18, the rectangular vent groove, 19, the annular gas distribution groove, 20, the valve seat radial communication hole, 21, the assembly pipe, 22, the gas distribution plug, 23, the gas distribution hole, 24, the assembly pipe radial communication hole, 25, the sleeve radial upper communication hole, 26, the vent shoulder, 27, the sleeve radial lower communication hole, 28, the stroke cylinder, 29, the center through hole, 30, the axial hole, 31, the impact piston radial communication hole a,32, the impact piston radial communication hole B,33, the annular vent groove, 34, the axial gas guide groove, 35, the sealing flange, 36, the annular gas passage, 37, and the axial gas storage groove.
Detailed Description
The high-wind-pressure down-the-hole impactor consists of an outer shell 1, an upper joint 2, a lower joint 3, a drill bit 4 and an impact piston 5, wherein the upper joint 2 is installed at one end of the outer shell 1 through threads, a diamond tooth 6 is fixedly installed on the upper joint 2, and the diamond tooth 6 on the upper joint 2 has the function of crushing sundries clamped at the upper joint 2, so that the assembly and the disassembly of a drill string are convenient. The other end of the outer shell body 1 is provided with a lower joint 3 in a threaded manner, the inner wall of the outer shell body above the lower joint 3 is provided with a limiting shoulder, the limiting shoulder is provided with a guide sleeve 7, a retaining ring 8 is arranged between the guide sleeve 7 and the lower joint 3 in a matched clamping manner, the retaining ring 8 is movably provided with a drill bit 4, the drill bit 4 is provided with a limiting flange, the drill bit 4 is movably suspended on the retaining ring 8 through the limiting flange, and the drill bit 4 is connected with the lower joint 3 through a spline, so that the drill bit 4 can not only keep axial movement within a certain range through the guide sleeve 7, but also rotate along with rotation of a drill string through the lower joint 3.
The center of the end face of the drill bit 4 is provided with a vent hole 9, the upper end of the vent hole 9 is fixedly provided with a drill tail pipe 10, one end of the drill tail pipe 10 extends to the upper part of the drill bit 4, and ventilation holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the end of the drill tail pipe 10 extending to the upper part of the drill bit 4; the bottom of the drill bit 4 is uniformly provided with diamond teeth 6, and the diamond teeth 6 on the drill bit 4 are used for crushing rock in the working process. The bottom of the drill bit 4 at one side of the diamond teeth 6 is provided with an air hole 12, and the air hole 12 is communicated with the lower end of the vent hole 9.
The casing 13 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell 1 below the upper joint 2, the air distribution seat 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper end of the casing 13 in a threaded manner, the check valve is movably arranged on the air distribution seat 14 and comprises a spring 15 and a sealing head 16, an assembly groove 17 is arranged in the center of the top of the air distribution seat 14, the sealing head 16 is arranged in the assembly groove 17 through the spring 15, the sealing head 16 is in sealing contact connection with the lower port of the central hole of the upper joint 2 under the action of the spring 15, and the check valve is used for sealing an air inlet channel (the central hole of the upper joint 2) on the upper joint 2 after the work is completed so as to prevent water, slurry and other impurities from flowing backwards.
Rectangular ventilation grooves 18 are uniformly distributed on the top end face of the air distribution seat 14 on one side of the assembly groove 17, annular air distribution grooves 19 are formed in the circumference of the air distribution seat 14 below the rectangular ventilation grooves 18, and air distribution seat radial communication holes 20 are uniformly distributed on the annular air distribution grooves 19.
The central part of the bottom of the air distribution seat 14 is provided with a fitting pipe 21, a central hole of the fitting pipe 21 is communicated with an air distribution seat radial communication hole 20, an air distribution plug 22 is arranged on the inner wall of the fitting pipe 21 through flange threads, the air distribution plug 22 is in a stepped round table shape, the central part of the air distribution plug 22 is provided with an air distribution hole 23, and the fitting pipe 21 above the air distribution plug 22 is symmetrically provided with an elongated fitting pipe radial communication hole 24.
The external diameter of the middle part of the circumference of the sleeve 13 is smaller than the external diameter of the two end parts, an upper annular space is formed between the middle part of the sleeve 13 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1, sleeve radial upper communication holes 25 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the sleeve 13 corresponding to the annular gas distribution grooves 19, the sleeve radial upper communication holes 25 are communicated with the annular gas distribution grooves 19, a ventilation shoulder 26 is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve below the sleeve radial upper communication holes 25, the internal diameter of the sleeve 13 above the ventilation shoulder 26 is larger than the internal diameter of the sleeve 13 below the ventilation shoulder 26, and sleeve radial lower communication holes 27 are uniformly distributed on the sleeve 13 below the ventilation shoulder 26.
An impact piston 5 is movably arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve 13 below the air distribution seat 14, and a relatively closed stroke cylinder 28 is formed among the impact piston 5, the sleeve 13 and the air distribution seat 14.
The impact piston 5 is a reducing cylinder, a central through hole 29 is arranged at the central part of the end surface of the impact piston 5, one end of the central through hole 29 is in sliding sealing connection with the outer wall of the assembly pipe 21, the other end of the central through hole 29 is in intermittent communication with the radial assembly hole 24 along with the up-and-down movement of the piston, axial holes 30 are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the impact piston 5 at one side of the central through hole 29, an impact piston radial communication hole A31 is correspondingly arranged on the impact piston 5 at one side of the axial holes 30, the impact piston radial communication hole A31 is respectively communicated with the axial holes 30 and the central through hole 29, an impact piston radial communication hole B32 is arranged on the circumference of the impact piston 5 above the impact piston radial communication hole A31 and is communicated with the impact piston radial communication hole A31, the impact piston radial communication hole B32 is in dislocation communication with the central through hole 29, in the working process, the impact piston radial communication hole B32 is intermittently communicated with the radial assembly hole 24 along with the up-and-down movement of the piston, an annular communication hole 33 is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the central through hole 29 corresponding to the impact piston radial communication hole A31 and the impact piston radial communication hole B32, and the annular communication hole 33 is used for eliminating the impact piston 5 in the up-and-down movement of the radial assembly hole 32 can not be in radial communication with the radial assembly hole 24A 31 or the radial assembly hole 24 and the radial assembly hole 24.
The impact piston 5 is provided with an axial gas guide groove 34 on the circumference thereof corresponding to the impact piston radial communication hole B32, and the axial gas guide groove 34 serves to increase the gas flow space and increase the gas flow rate during operation. The end of the impact piston 5 above the axial air guide groove 34 is in intermittent sealing connection with the inner wall of the sleeve 13, a sealing flange 35 is arranged on the circumference of the impact piston 5 below the axial air guide groove 34, a middle annulus is formed between the impact piston 5 above the sealing flange 35 and the outer shell 1, a lower annulus is formed between the impact piston 5 below the sealing flange 35 and the outer shell 1, an annular air passage 36 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell 1 corresponding to the sealing flange 35, axial air storage grooves 37 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the impact piston 5 below the sealing flange 35, and the axial air storage grooves 37 are used for increasing the space of the lower annulus and increasing the thrust of gas to the impact piston 5. The impact piston 5 is in intermittent sealing connection with the outer shell 1 through a sealing flange 35, and the bottom of the impact piston 5 is in intermittent contact connection with the top of the drill bit 4.
Before the high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer works, the sealing head 16 of the check valve is connected with the bottom of the central hole of the upper joint 2 in a sealing way; the impact piston 5 is in contact connection with the drill bit 4 under the action of self gravity, a sealing flange 35 on the impact piston 5 is positioned in an annular air passage 36 on the outer shell 1, and an impact piston radial communication hole B32 is communicated with the assembly pipe radial communication hole 24 of the assembly pipe 21.
When the high-wind-pressure down-the-hole impactor works, high-pressure gas is firstly introduced into the central hole of the upper connector 2, and after the high-pressure gas is introduced, the high-pressure gas pushes the sealing head 16 of the check valve to move downwards into the rectangular ventilation groove 18 through the central hole of the upper connector 2, and then enters the annular air distribution groove 19.
The working stage of the high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer is divided into a return stage and a stroke stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
The return stage of the high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer during working is as follows: the high-pressure gas enters the annular distribution groove 19 and then is divided into two branches, one branch of high-pressure gas enters the central hole of the distribution pipe 21 through the distribution seat radial communication hole 20 of the distribution seat 14, the gas entering the central hole of the distribution pipe 21 is divided into two branches again, one branch of high-pressure gas in the distribution pipe 21 reaches the position of the gas regulating plug 22 and then enters the central through hole 29 of the impact piston 5 through the gas regulating hole 23 on the gas regulating plug 22, and then sequentially passes through the drill tail pipe 10 and the vent hole 9, enters the gas hole 12, is blown out by the gas hole 12, and the blown-out high-pressure gas sweeps the rock powder at the bottom of the hole.
The other high-pressure gas in the fitting pipe 21 sequentially passes through the fitting pipe radial communication hole 24 and the impact piston radial communication hole B32 to enter the middle ring formed by the outer case 1 and the impact piston 5.
The other path of high-pressure gas in the annular gas distribution groove 19 enters the upper annular space through the sleeve radial upper communication hole 25, the high-pressure gas entering the upper annular space enters the middle annular space through the sleeve radial lower communication hole 27, and the high-pressure gas entering the middle annular space through the sleeve radial lower communication hole 27 is converged with the high-pressure gas entering the middle annular space through the impact piston radial communication hole B32.
The high pressure gas after converging in the middle annular space descends to enter the lower annular space through the annular air passage 36, the high pressure gas entering the lower annular space rapidly increases the gas pressure in the lower annular space, and compared with the gas pressure in the stroke cylinder 28, the gas pressure in the lower annular space is higher and the pressure increasing speed is higher, so that a larger pressure difference is formed between the lower end and the upper end of the impact piston 5, and the high pressure gas entering the lower annular space acts on the impact piston 5 to push the impact piston 5 to move upwards against the gravity of the impact piston 5.
With the upward movement of the impact piston 5, the closing flange 35 on the impact piston 5 is gradually contacted and connected with the inner wall of the outer shell, so that the lower annulus is closed, the impact piston 5 continuously moves upward under the action of self gravity by means of self inertia, the radial communication hole 24 of the assembly pipe is not communicated with the radial communication hole B32 of the impact piston in the process, with the upward movement of the impact piston 5, the radial communication hole 24 of the assembly pipe is closed by the inner wall of the central through hole 29, a relatively closed space is formed in the stroke cylinder 28, with the upward movement of the impact piston 5, the gas in the stroke cylinder 28 is gradually compressed, the gas pressure in the stroke cylinder 28 is gradually increased, and the increased gas pressure enables the impact piston 5 to move upward further in a decelerating manner. In the process of moving the impact piston 5 to the highest point, the impact piston radial communication hole A31 on the impact piston 5 is gradually communicated with the assembly pipe radial communication hole 24, and high-pressure gas sequentially enters the impact piston radial communication hole A31 through the annular gas distribution groove 19, the gas distribution seat radial communication hole 20, the assembly pipe 21 and the assembly pipe radial communication hole 24 and enters the stroke cylinder 28 through the axial hole 30, so that the gas pressure of the stroke cylinder 28 is further increased; simultaneously, the top of the axial air guide groove 34 gradually exceeds the ventilation shoulder 26 so that the axial air guide groove 34 gradually communicates with the stroke cylinder 28, and high-pressure air enters the stroke cylinder 28 from the middle hollow and merges with the high-pressure air entering the stroke cylinder 28 from the axial hole 30, so that the air pressure in the stroke cylinder 28 is further rapidly increased.
In the process of moving the impact piston 5 to the highest point, the ventilation holes 11 on the drill bit tail pipe 10 are gradually communicated with the lower annular space, and the gas in the drill bit tail pipe 10 gradually flows back into the lower annular space, so that the gas pressure in the lower annular space and the gas pressure in the drill bit tail pipe 10 are balanced, the pressure in the lower annular space cannot be reduced due to the upward movement of the impact piston 5, but the gas entering the drill bit tail pipe 10 from the gas adjusting holes 23 of the gas adjusting plug 22 is less, so that the gas pressure rising speed in the annular space is slower relative to the gas pressure rising speed in the stroke cylinder 28, and a larger pressure difference is formed at the upper end of the impact piston 5 than at the lower end. After the impulse piston 5 has moved to its highest point, it then enters the stroke phase.
The stroke stage of the high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer during working is as follows: after the impact piston 5 moves to the highest point, the impact piston 5 moves towards the drill bit 4 under the combined action of the gravity of the impact piston 5 and the pressure difference of the gas at the upper end and the lower end of the impact piston 5, and in the process of moving the impact piston 5 towards the drill bit 4, the ventilation holes 11 on the drill bit pipe 10 are gradually not communicated with the lower annular space, the lower annular space is relatively closed, high-pressure gas in the lower annular space is gradually compressed along with the downward movement of the impact piston 5, the compressed high-pressure gas applies work to the drill bit 4, so that the drill bit 4 applies work to the rock to break the rock, and meanwhile, the compressed high-pressure gas in the lower annular space effectively reduces the impact speed of the impact piston 5 and reduces the impact stress when the impact piston 5 collides with the drill bit 4, so that the possibility of fracture failure caused by repeated impact at the bottom of the impact piston 5 and the top of the drill bit 4 is effectively reduced.
In the process that the impact piston 5 impacts the drill bit 4 downwards, the sealing flange 35 on the impact piston 5 is gradually not contacted with the outer shell 1 any more, the sealing flange 35 moves downwards into the annular air passage 36 on the outer shell 1 gradually along with the downward movement of the impact piston 5, so that the lower annular space is not sealed any more, and high-pressure gas enters the lower annular space again through the annular air passage 36; meanwhile, the assembly radial communication hole 24 is gradually not communicated with the impact piston radial communication hole A31 any more, the axial air guide groove 34 is gradually not communicated with the stroke cylinder any more, the end of the impact piston 5 above the axial air guide groove 34 is gradually in contact and sealing connection with the inner wall of the sleeve 13, the stroke cylinder 28 forms a relatively closed space again, the pressure in the stroke cylinder 28 is gradually reduced along with the continuous descending of the impact piston 5, the gas pressure in the lower annular space at the lower end of the impact piston 5 is gradually higher than the gas pressure in the stroke cylinder 28, the assembly radial communication hole 24 is gradually communicated with the impact piston radial communication hole B32 along with the continuous descending of the impact piston 5, the high-pressure gas sequentially passes through the assembly radial communication hole 24 and the impact piston radial communication hole B32 from the assembly pipe 21 to enter the middle annular space, and is recombined with the gas entering the middle annular space from the upper annular space through the sleeve radial lower communication hole 27, and the high-pressure gas converged in the middle annular space is downwards advanced into the lower annular space again.
After the impact piston 5 impacts the drill bit 4, the drill bit enters a return stage, and the return stage and the stroke stage are sequentially and alternately performed, so that the impact piston 5 continuously impacts the drill bit 4, and the drill bit 4 does work on the rock to break the rock.
The gas regulating hole 23 on the gas regulating plug 22 can split the high-pressure gas entering the assembling pipe 21, so that the flow velocity of the high-pressure gas in the middle annulus and the lower annulus can be changed by replacing the gas regulating plug 22 of the gas regulating hole 23 with different apertures, specifically:
When the gas regulating plug 22 of the large gas regulating hole is replaced, the high-pressure gas in the assembling pipe 21 enters the central through hole 29 through the gas regulating hole 23, so that the gas regulating hole 23 has a stronger shunting effect, the flow speed of the high-pressure gas entering the middle annular space and the lower annular space through the radial communication hole 24 of the assembling pipe is slower, and the impact frequency of the impact piston 5 is reduced. When the rock characteristics are harder, the impact frequency of the impact piston 5 can be reduced by replacing the air adjusting plug 22 of the large air adjusting hole, so that the drill bit is effectively protected, and the drill bit is prevented from being damaged due to continuous high-frequency collision with the rock stratum.
When the pilot hole pilot plug 22 of the small pilot hole is replaced, the split flow action of the pilot hole 23 is reduced, and the flow rate of the high-pressure gas into the medium and lower annuluses is faster, so that the impact frequency of the impact piston 5 is increased. When the rock characteristics are softer, the impact frequency of the impact piston 5 can be increased by replacing the air adjusting plug 22 of the small air adjusting hole, so that the rock is broken more quickly under high-frequency impact, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
The high-wind-pressure down-the-hole impactor can effectively change the gas flow rate through the air adjusting plug 22 after replacement, so that the impact frequency of the impactor can be effectively changed to cope with different rock strata and improve the drilling efficiency; meanwhile, the possibility of fracture and failure of the impact piston 5 and the drill bit 4 in the impact process of the impact piston 5 and the drill bit 4 can be effectively reduced, and the problems that the existing impactor cannot change the impact frequency according to rock stratum, so that the drilling efficiency is low, and the impact part is easy to fracture and failure are solved.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high wind pressure down-the-hole hammer, it comprises shell body (1), top connection (2), lower clutch (3), bore bit (4) and impact piston (5), and top connection (2) are installed to the one end screw thread of shell body (1), and lower clutch (3) are installed to the other end screw thread of shell body (1), are equipped with bore bit (4) through holding ring (8) on lower clutch (3), its characterized in that: a sleeve (13) is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell (1) below the upper joint (2), a gas distribution seat (14) is arranged on the inner wall of the upper end of the sleeve (13) in a threaded manner, a check valve is movably arranged on the gas distribution seat (14), the check valve is in sealing contact connection with the upper joint (2), a mounting pipe (21) is arranged at the central part of the bottom of the gas distribution seat (14), and a gas regulating plug (22) is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting pipe (21) in a threaded manner through a flange; an impact piston (5) is movably arranged on the inner wall of a sleeve (13) below the air distribution seat (14), and the impact piston (5) is in intermittent contact connection with the drill bit (4);
the air regulating plug (22) is in a stepped round table shape, and an air regulating hole (23) is formed in the center of the air regulating plug (22);
The center part of the end face of the drill bit (4) is provided with a vent hole (9), the upper end of the vent hole (9) is fixedly provided with a drill tail pipe (10), one end of the drill tail pipe (10) extends to the upper part of the drill bit (4), and ventilation holes (11) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the end of the drill tail pipe (10) extending to the upper part of the drill bit (4); the bottom of the drill bit (4) is fixedly provided with a diamond tooth (6), the bottom of the drill bit (4) at one side of the diamond tooth (6) is provided with an air hole (12), and the air hole (12) is communicated with the lower end of the vent hole (9);
The impact piston (5) is a reducing cylinder, a central through hole (29) is formed in the central part of the end face of the impact piston (5), axial holes (30) are uniformly distributed on the end face of the impact piston (5) on one side of the central through hole (29), impact piston radial communication holes A (31) are correspondingly formed in the impact piston (5) on one side of the axial holes (30) and correspond to the axial holes (30), the impact piston radial communication holes A (31) are respectively communicated with the axial holes (30) and the central through hole (29), impact piston radial communication holes B (32) are formed in the circumference of the impact piston (5) above the impact piston radial communication holes A (31) in a staggered manner, the impact piston radial communication holes B (32) are communicated with the central through hole (29), axial air guide grooves (34) are correspondingly formed in the circumference of the impact piston (5) below the axial air guide grooves (34), and air storage grooves (37) are uniformly formed in the circumference of the impact piston (5) below the sealing flanges (35); the impact piston (5) is in intermittent sealing connection with the outer shell (1) through a sealing flange (35);
The assembly pipe (21) above the air adjusting plug (22) is symmetrically provided with an elongated assembly pipe radial communication hole (24), and the assembly pipe radial communication hole (24) is intermittently communicated with the impact piston radial communication hole A (31) and the impact piston radial communication hole B (32) respectively.
2. A high wind pressure down-the-hole impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: rectangular ventilation grooves (18) are uniformly distributed on the top end face of the air distribution seat (14), annular air distribution grooves (19) are formed in the circumference of the air distribution seat (14) below the rectangular ventilation grooves (18), air distribution seat radial communication holes (20) are uniformly distributed in the annular air distribution grooves (19), and the air distribution seat radial communication holes (20) are communicated with the central holes of the assembly pipes (21).
3.A high wind pressure down-the-hole impactor as defined in claim 2, wherein: the outer diameter of the middle part of the circumference of the sleeve (13) is smaller than the outer diameters of the two end parts, sleeve radial upper communication holes (25) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the sleeve (13) corresponding to the annular air distribution grooves (19), ventilation shoulders (26) are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (13) below the sleeve radial upper communication holes (25), and sleeve radial lower communication holes (27) are uniformly distributed on the sleeve (13) below the ventilation shoulders (26).
4. A high wind pressure down-the-hole impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: one end of the central through hole (29) is in sliding sealing connection with the outer wall of the assembly pipe (21), and the other end of the central through hole (29) is in sliding contact connection with the drill tail pipe (10) extending to the upper part of the drill bit (4).
5. A high wind pressure down-the-hole impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: annular ventilation grooves (33) are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the central through holes (29) corresponding to the radial communication holes A (31) and the radial communication holes B (32) of the impact piston.
6. A high wind pressure down-the-hole impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: an annular air passage (36) is formed in the inner wall of the outer shell (1) corresponding to the sealing flange (35).
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| CN201910621174.2A CN110159187B (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | High wind pressure down-the-hole hammer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910621174.2A CN110159187B (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | High wind pressure down-the-hole hammer |
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| CN110159187B true CN110159187B (en) | 2024-07-23 |
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| CN111395950B (en) * | 2020-05-02 | 2025-04-04 | 长江大学 | A pneumatic down-the-hole impact hammer |
| CN112576184B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-02-28 | 长江大学 | Pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with energy storage characteristic |
| CN118273648B (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-09-06 | 重庆大学 | Positive circulation pneumatic down-the-hole hammer with central air distribution pipe |
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| AU493847B2 (en) * | 1975-07-01 | 1977-12-22 | William Lister | Improved pneumatic percussion hammer |
| CN201502318U (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2010-06-09 | 李保顺 | High air-pressure down-the-hole hammer |
| CN102434095A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-05-02 | 苏州新锐工程工具有限公司 | High wind pressure downhole hammer |
| CN203374202U (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2014-01-01 | 株洲山川装备配件有限公司 | High-pressure underwater down-hole hammer |
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